phd research proposal guidance

• How to Write a Great PhD Research Proposal | FindAPhD.com

How to Write a Great PhD Research Proposal

Written by Mark Bennett

You'll need to write a research proposal if you're submitting your own project plan as part of a PhD application. A good PhD proposal outlines the scope and significance of your topic and explains how you plan to research it.

It's helpful to think about the proposal like this: if the rest of your application explains your ability to do a PhD, the proposal demonstrates the actual PhD you plan to do. Of course, being able to effectively plan and explain a research project is one of the key qualifications for being able to complete one, which is why the proposal is such an important part of the PhD application process.

Thankfully, the secret to writing a good research proposal isn't complicated. It's simply a case of understanding what the proposal is for, what it needs to do and how it needs to be put together.

On this page

What is a phd research proposal.

First things first, do you need a research proposal for your PhD? It depends on the kind of project you want to do:

• If your PhD is advertised by a university, you probably won't need to submit a research proposal for it. The broad aims and objectives for your PhD will already be defined: you just need to prove you're the right person to do it.
• But, if you're proposing your own research topic to research within a university's PhD programme, you will need to write a proposal for it (the clue is in the word "proposing")

As a rule, advertised PhDs are very common in STEM subjects, whereas Arts, Humanities and Social Science students are more likely to propose their own PhDs.

Some PhD programmes actually wait and ask students to develop their research proposal during the degree (usually after they've completed some initial training). This is normal in the USA , but it's becoming more common for some UKRI-funded UK PhDs.

For the purposes of this guide we're going to assume that you do need to write a good research proposal for your PhD application. So let's explore what's involved in that.

Pick the right programme for you

There are lots of choices, let us help you to make the right one. Sign up to our weekly newsletter for the latest advice and guidance from our team of experts.

What should a research proposal for PhD admission include?

It's natural to be a little intimidated at the thought of structuring a PhD proposal, particularly if you've never written anything like this before.

But here's the thing: a research proposal isn't a fiendish test designed to catch you out and stop you ever doing a PhD. It's actually much more boring than that.

All a research proposal really is is a document that demonstrates three things:

• Your PhD is worthwhile
• Your PhD is feasible
• You are capable of completing it at this university

Or to put it even more simply: the PhD is worth doing, it's doable and you can do it.

Demonstrate your PhD is worthwhile (the what and the why)

A successful PhD project has to make a significant original contribution to knowledge. If it doesn't, it won't meet the criteria for a doctoral degree and will probably fail the viva exam .

Your PhD proposal itself doesn't have to meet those criteria (or pass a viva!) but it does need to indicate that your PhD project eventually will.

It does that by first demonstrating that your research topic is original. That means nobody else has studied this same topic (or one very similar) before.

There are all sorts of ways a PhD can be original. You might examine new data or primary sources, to look at existing material from a fresh perspective, or deal with the impact of new events. It doesn't matter how your project is original, so long as your proposal is really specific about what makes it original.

You also need to explain why your proposed research will be academically significant. To do this properly, you'll need to acknowledge relevant existing scholarship and explain how your research will relate to it. You don't need to be exhaustive at this point, but you should be able to show how your PhD will contribute to its field and – ideally – indicate some of the gaps in knowledge it will aim to fill.

The final step in demonstrating your PhD is worthwhile is to suggest what will become possible as a result of your research. How could other researchers use or build upon your results? What might closing those gaps in academic knowledge mean for audiences outside the unviversity?

Demonstrate your PhD is feasible (the how)

It isn't enough just to show that your research is worth doing; it also needs to actually be doable.

The length of a full-time PhD is around three to four years in most countries (it's longer in for a PhD in the USA , but you don't spend all that time doing research).

Three years may seem like a long time, but researching a PhD is a lot of work and you'll probably spend at least some of your time on other activities like teaching, conference presentations or even publication.

So, one of the things your proposal needs to do is demonstrate that your project is feasible: that it fits within the scope of a PhD.

The most important criteria for this is to be clear about what you plan to do. It should be obvious from your proposal what the scope of your project is – what is and isn't included within it.

You also need to outline how you plan to go about your research. Where will you start and what order do you expect to proceed in? Is the logic for that obvious? If not, it's probably a good idea to explain it.

Finally, you need to explain the methodology you plan to use. This could include techniques for collecting data and sources, theoretical perspectives for analysing them – or both. You may also need to detail specific equipment you expect to use or fieldwork you'll need to undertake (including trips to archives or other external resources).

None of this needs to be exact or completely final. The key word here is 'plan' – but you do need to have one.

Demonstrate that you can complete it at this university (the who and the where)

So far we've thought about the project itself: what makes it worth doing and how it's going to get done. But your proposal also needs to address the who and the where: why are you the right person to carry out this research, and why do you want to do it at this particular university?

The first part of this is easier than it probably looks. Writing a good research proposal demonstrates enthusiasm for your project much more convincingly than simply saying you're very interested in it (a classic case of 'show, don't tell').

You also don't need to repeat your grades and academic achievements (other parts of your PhD application will cover those). Instead, try to underline experiences that relate to this project. Has a particular module or Masters dissertation topic prepared you with useful subject knowledge or methodological skills? If so, highlight it.

It's also fine, within reason, to be honest about the skills you don't have and to identify your training needs. This shows you're being practical about your project and thinking seriously about what it will require. Just make sure you can realistically acquire the skills and training you need within the time available (this goes back to the feasibility).

Showing your project is a good fit for the university is also relatively simple. There should already be some reasons why you've chosen this university for your PhD so make sure you explain what they are. Perhaps there's a particular supervisor you'd like to work with , or facilities and resources your research could use. The key is to emphasise the fit between the project and the university – so don't just say you want to research there because it's highly ranked .

PhD research proposal structure

Hopefully the above sections have given you a few ideas for the things your proposal needs to include. Let's be honest though, the scariest thing about a proposal isn't deciding what to include: it's actually writing it.

But, if we flip that on its head, we remember that all a research proposal really is is a piece of writing that follows a pretty standard format. And that's a lot less scary.

Research proposal structure

Because proposals for PhD all have to do the same things, they mostly follow a similar structure. Yours will probably go something like this:

• Title – Keep it simple and descriptive: the clever alliteration and quotes can come later when you write up your thesis. For now, you just want the person reading this to know exactly what your research is about and, perhaps, which prospective supervisor to send it to.
• Overview – Start by defining your research question (the what) and explaining how it contributes to current work in your field (the why). This is also a good place to reference one or two pieces of scholarship: the full literature review can wait until your PhD begins, but you should show that you have some understanding of relevant academic research.
• Methodology – Make sure the reader understands the practical and / or theoretical approaches you'll take to your research. What data will you collect, how will you collect it and how will you analyse it? Ideally refer to relevant research methods and models. It's also a good idea to provide some sort of roadmap for how you'll go about things. Don't worry, you can change it later (and you will).
• Outcomes and impact – What will exist as a result of your research (other than just another PhD on a library shelf) and what will it make possible? You don't need to identify every specific outcome from your project (blue sky research is fine) but you should think about what some potential outcomes might be.

You probably won't need to include a specific conclusion - it should be obvious, by now, what your project is doing, how you're going to do it and why that matters. A quick summary sentence is fine though, if you think it will help.

Writing tips

Being able to effectively communicate academic concepts, ideas and results is a key skill for PhD research in all subjects . Think of your proposal as a chance to demonstrate this.

The good news is that the key principles of good proposal writing aren't that different from other work you've probably done as a Bachelors or Masters student:

• Be clear – The person reading your research proposal should know exactly what it is you're proposing to research, with no room for ambiguity and confusion. This is important on a practical level (they need to know where to send it) but it's also important to the success of your application: a confusing proposal suggests a confused project. Try having a friend read it and ask them "do you know what it is I'm proposing to do here?" (even if they don't understand the details).
• Be concise – You will have more ideas than you can include in your proposal. That's fine. Choose the best ones and leave the others for your interview .
• be coherent – Follow something like the structure above. Don't start with your methodology, then say what it is you want to research.

How long should a PhD research proposal be?

Honestly? As long as the university asks for it to be. Most will have guidelines and you should follow them closely if so.

If you honestly can't find a suggested word count for your proposal, then consider asking a prospective supervisor . If you still aren't sure, aim for somewhere between 1,000-2,000 words .

As a very general rule, Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences are a bit longer than STEM proposals (and a lot of STEM students don't have to write one anyway, as we've explained).

Research proposal for PhD admission - dos and don'ts

Research proposals are a popular topic over on the FindAPhD blog , where we've shared stories of how students wrote theirs , along with mistakes to avoid and a counter-intuitive look at the things a PhD proposal doesn't actually need to do .

Here are a few general tips and mistakes to avoid:

#1 Give yourself enough time to do a good job

Preparing to write a PhD proposal takes time and effort. None of this is wasted as the process of evaluating and framing your ideas for a proposal will improve your project plan immensely. So will the need to decide which ideas to include.

But you need time and space to do that, so make sure you get it. How long it will take to write your PhD proposal is heavily dependent on your personal working style, but you'll likely need to give yourself at least a few weeks to do a good job.

#2 Set out to impress

A good proposal isn't a begging letter. You're approaching the university with a great idea that's going to contribute to and enhance their research. Be honest, be realistic, but don't be unnecessarily humble. They should want you and your project.

#3 Demonstrate original thinking!

You may not need to present original research findings yet, but your proposal does need to present original ideas – and it should be clear why and how those ideas are original.

Make sure you indicate how your project is going to expand, enhance or even correct existing work in your field. Remember that making an "original contribution to knowledge" is a key part of what a PhD is .

#1 Send the same proposal to several universities

A good proposal needs to explain why you want to do your research at a particular university. That's a big part of the feasibility (the fit between project, person and place) and methodology (how are you going to use this university's equipment and archives; when and where will you need to travel).

It's OK to apply to more than one university in parallel, but, in that case, you're writing research proposals .

#2 Use online proposal templates (without evaluating them first!)

It can be tempting to search for PhD proposal samples on the internet, but make sure you evaluate what you find. Some websites may host old proposals from previous PhD students, but there's no way of knowing how relevant these are to your subject and university – or if they were even successful! More 'generic' research proposal examples can offer guidance, but they won't be tailored to your specific project.

The best place to look for a PhD proposal sample is your university. Consider asking your supervisor if they can share a good proposal from a previous student in your subject – or put you in touch with a current student you can ask.

#3 Confuse the proposal with the PhD

We've covered this on the blog , but it's simple enough to include here too.

You're setting out to do a PhD, but you (probably!) haven't done one yet. So you don't need to include research findings, in-depth analysis or a comprehesive literature review. You need to make a case for the research and analysis you want to do.

#4 Ignore your university's help and guidance

The advice on this page is necessarily quite general. We're considering adding guides to writing PhD proposals in specific subjects in future but, for now, the best place to get specific advice for your academic field is probably the university you're applying to.

See if you can get some subject-specific tips by contacting a supervisor , or just checking with the admissions team for your department.

And remember: if they give you a structure and a word count, stick to it.

Ready to apply for a PhD?

Find out what PhD opportunities are currently available with our FindAPhD course listings .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

We've answered some of the most frequently asked questions about PhDs, covering course types, applications, funding and the benefits of further study.

Getting ready to apply for a PhD? Our guides explain research proposals, references and entry tests for doctoral programmes.

Our guide explains how to contact a potential PhD supervisor to discuss your proposal or ideas with them before applying.

A checklist of the things you'll need to do when making an international PhD application, from meeting the entry requirements to sorting out your visa.

FindAPhD. Copyright 2005-2024 All rights reserved.

Unknown    ( change )

Have you got time to answer some quick questions about PhD study?

Select your nearest city

You haven’t completed your profile yet. To get the most out of FindAPhD, finish your profile and receive these benefits:

• Monthly chance to win one of ten £10 Amazon vouchers ; winners will be notified every month.*
• The latest PhD projects delivered straight to your inbox
• Access to our £6,000 scholarship competition
• Weekly newsletter with funding opportunities, research proposal tips and much more
• Early access to our physical and virtual postgraduate study fairs

Or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

*Offer only available for the duration of your active subscription, and subject to change. You MUST claim your prize within 72 hours, if not we will redraw.

Do you want hassle-free information and advice?

Create your FindAPhD account and sign up to our newsletter:

• Find out about funding opportunities and application tips
• Receive weekly advice, student stories and the latest PhD news
• Hear about our upcoming study fairs
• Save your favourite projects, track enquiries and get personalised subject updates

Create your account

Looking to list your PhD opportunities? Log in here .

• Skip to content
• Skip to footer
• Accessibility options

• Business and employers
• Alumni and supporters
• For students

• Postgraduate research degrees
• Our postgraduate research disciplines
• Apply for a PhD
• Funding and studentships
• International
• Support and training
• Research Masters
• Postgraduate info session
• Writing a research proposal for a PhD application

How to write a research proposal for a PhD application

What is a research proposal.

A research proposal gives details of the direction of your future research, usually based on a research question and a chapter-by-chapter approach to answering it.

For PhD applications, this proposal will be assessed to see:

• whether the project is likely to be completed within three years of full-time research
• whether it can be effectively supervised at the university
• whether you are competent and keen enough to complete it.

There may be other factors affecting whether you get a place at the University of Brighton:

• whether the project fits a growing or established research priority of the university
• how the proposal fits with a current cohort and the research environment

A successful proposal will leave the panel in no doubt on these, and you should prepare to show the strength of your idea and demonstrate your suitability.

Within the proposal, you should take the opportunity to clearly outline your research idea; your research methodology and critical approaches; your experience in this field of research where you can; and how your work will be offering an original contribution to knowledge, theories and/or practice. 

Find more details about a PhD in your discipline at the University of Brighton

How to get a prospective supervisor's help with your proposal

The strongest proposals are often ones that have been written jointly between a prospective student and prospective supervisor.

As Professor Pollen states in our film, supervisors have an understanding of the language used in proposals and the skillsets that asessors will want to see -- whether for a university position or a funding application.

To develop a strong proposal, we recommend you  work with a possible supervisor  at the University of Brighton who can help shape your project for feasibility and suitability within our institution. This person may then become your lead supervisor.

Please enable targeting cookies in order to view this video content on our website, or you can watch the video on YouTube .

What journey leads to a PhD application?  This film was made by the University of Brighton for UKRI and features University of Brighton students and academics as well as those from other partner universities.

Finding a PhD theme and understanding the university research environment

You may be responding to an advertised call for a particular project that has already achieved funding. Alternatively, you may want to propose a personally developed project. 

If you are responding to a call then the advertisement will have clear guidance as to what research experience and interest a candidate will need. This should help you structure your PhD research proposal.

If you are proposing a personally developed project then it should be carefully written to show the viability within the university's current research environment and a specific supervisory possibility at the university.

Some applicants have found our repository of theses helpful for the development and refinement of their research idea. You can find over 1000 theses completed at the University of Brighton over the past 40 years at our repository of successful PhD student theses . 

Our research database has useful leads to potential supervisory staff and a strong idea of the university's current research priorities online:

• Explore our PhD disciplinary programme search tools including free search and A-Z 
• Explore our research centres (COREs)  or our research groups (REGs) 
• Visit our research database of staff, projects and organisational units.

Once you have identified a potential lead researcher of a research project most aligned to yours, do not hesitate to email them.

Explain who you are, your motivation to do a PhD in their field of study and with them. They will let you know if they are interested in your project and would be interested in potentially supervising your PhD. If they cannot commit, they may be able to help you identify another researcher who could be available and interested.

By liaising with a suitable supervisor, your proposal will benefit from expert help and be channelled towards the appropriate disciplinary environment.

If you are in doubt about whether we can offer the appropriate supervision, please contact the  Doctoral College .

Find out more about your opportunities for a PHD on our FAQ page

What should a research proposal contain?

A research proposal should include the following:

1. Indicative title of the topic area

This should accurately reflect what it is that you want to study and the central issues that you are going to address.

It may be useful to present this in the format of a statement (perhaps a quote) and a question, separated by a colon. For example: '"The tantalising future of research": how are research proposals developed and assessed?'

2. Context / rationale / why is this study important? (300 – 500 words)

Introduce your specific area of study. You should identify the theoretical context within which your research will be developed by discussing the discipline(s) and or field/s of study relevant to your research.

This means outlining the key theoretical area(s) you will draw upon to enable you to find out what it is that you want to know (for example, how it is underpinned from methods in the social sciences; arts and humanities; life, health and physical sciences).

What we are looking for here is an indication that you understand and have done some research into the wider theoretical context.

Developing the context is just one part of this section; you are building a case / rationale for the study area. Why is this study important, which theoretical areas support this? Can you identify any gaps in current understanding that help you build the case for this research study?

For example, this section might take the form of: a series of statements on the current landmark areas of thought; a recognition of what has not yet been done thoroughly enough or where there is territory for research between these landmark studies; and where your study will fill the gaps you have identified.

3. Literature review (approximately 700 – 900 words)

Here you are demonstrating that you are aware of what has been and what is currently being written about your topic.

It will certainly include the up-to-date and relevant past landmark academic literature. It may also include other evidence of current thought and attitude, for example, government documents or media coverage. Practice-led PhD studies may make reference to innovation and trends in industry or professional practice.

We are looking for you to make links between this body of literature and your proposed area of study. This will support the ways you have identified gaps in the current global knowledge-base. A PhD thesis arises from original research leading to new knowledge or a significant contribution to existing knowledge. If, at this stage, you have some thoughts on how your research is likely to contribute to knowledge then include details in your proposal.

This section should include citations which are compiled into a reference list at the end of the document (see point 7).

4. The research questions or hypotheses (approximately 200 words)

Having told us what you want to study and why, and then illustrated these ideas with reference to a body of literature, the next task is to distil your ideas into a tentative set of research questions, hypotheses, aims and objectives (as per the underpinning discipline requires) that are manageable and achievable within a normal PhD timeframe (see 6 below). There are typically between three and ten questions/aims of this kind.

5. Research approach/ methodologies / methods (approximately 400 words)

There will be many research approaches open to you. In your proposal, suggest the methodological approach that you might take and make a reasoned case as to why the research questions you have posed are best addressed by this approach.

You might also suggest what methods you would use to generate data that can help you address your research questions.

6. Timescale/research planning (approximately 200 words)

A full-time PhD should take three years to complete, although you may require more time to acquire the relevant skills prior to commencing your research. Part-time study will take longer (up to five - six years). Within this timeframe, you will need to demonstrate your awareness of time management and planning, for example the length of time for primary research/ fieldwork.

7. Reference list 

You should include a reference list of all the sources that you referred to in the text using a recognised referencing style appropriate to your discipline (for example Harvard or Vancouver for Sciences).

Evidence of thorough background reading might include between ten and twenty citations at this point. They should demonstrate to an expert that you are knowledgeable of the landmark work in your field.

There are a number of books widely available that may help in preparing your research proposal (as well as in completing your research degree), here are a couple to point you in the right direction:

Bell, J (2010, 5th edn) Doing Your Research Project: A Guide for First-time Researchers in Education & Social Science , Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Baxter, L, Hughes, C and Tight, M (2007, 3rd edn) How to Research , Buckingham: Open University Press.

Research proposals in practice-led and professionally-based disciplines

The University of Brighton prides itself on the quality of its research in areas that intersect with professional practices and direct impact through in-the-field relationships with co-producers.

We are very supportive of doctoral projects that bring positive results from these methodolgies and practices.

Some of the subject areas that have supported personal practice as research include: design, art, architecture, media production and creative writing, with successful approaches including autoethnographic methods and public participation or site-specific interventions. 

Some of the areas that have benefited from significant professional practice and industry relationship-focused research have included: engineering, nursing, business administration and teaching. 

The research proposal will still need to demonstrate your capability as a researcher with a project that is workable and fits with the university's interests and capacities. 

You should, however, adapt your proposal to demonstrate the value that your practice can bring to the research. This should be in tandem with a clear understanding of the relationship between practice and research.

A clear competence in practice should be evidenced, but do be aware that your proposal will be judged on its research and the new knowledge that is developed and shared, rather than the quality of practice in and of itself.

Personal practices, experiences and data gained through professional relationships may form part of a standard PhD thesis and proposal as description of work and resulting data. You will only be appyling for a practice-led component to be taken into account if this will form a significant part of the representation and examination of the knowledge-base. In such cases, the thesis is signficantly shorter.

Some pitfalls in the applications for practice-led or practice-focused research include:

• An imbalance between the practical and theoretical elements
• Too arbitrary a divide between the practice and theory
• Using practice to simply provide personal illustrations of established theories or concepts
• Insufficient sense of how the research knowledge will be held and disseminated
• Insufficiently contained scope for a three-year project – for example, where the practice is described as a life-long investigation – with no clarity on an end-point
• A project that could be better or similarly tackled through a standard PhD in terms of efficient response to the research questions. For example where the practice element might be represented as data or results instead of examined practice.

Your potential supervisor will be able to advise where a proposal will include significant elements beyond the traditional thesis. For further information, please contact the Doctoral College .

A set of designed objects submitted as part of a practice-led PhD project in medical therapeutic design, by Dr Tom Ainsworth, who went on to become a teacher, researcher and supervisor at the University of Brighton.

School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies

How to write a phd research proposal.

In order to help you with your application, the information below aims to give some guidance on how a typical research proposal might look.

Your research proposal is a concise statement (up to 3,000 words) of the rationale for your research proposal, the research questions to be answered and how you propose to address them. We know that during the early stages of your PhD you are likely to refine your thinking and methodology in discussion with your supervisors.

However, we want to see that you can construct a fairly rigorous, high quality research proposal.

We use your research proposal to help us decide whether you would be a suitable candidate to study at PhD level. We therefore assess your proposal on its quality, originality, and coherence. It also helps us to decide if your research interests match those of academics in the School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies (SPAIS) and whether they would be able to provide suitably qualified supervision for your proposed research.

Format of the research proposal

Your proposal should include the following:

Title. A short, indicative title is best.

Abstract. This is a succinct summary of your research proposal (approximately 200-300 words) that will present a condensed outline, enabling the reader to get a very quick overview of your proposed project, lines of inquiry and possible outcomes. An abstract is often written last, after you have written the proposal and are able to summarise it effectively.

Rationale for the research project. This might include a description of the question/debate/phenomenon of interest; an explanation of why the topic is of interest to you; and an outline of the reasons why the topic should be of interest to research and/ or practice (the 'so what?' question).

Aims and initial research question. What are the aims and objectives of the research? State clearly the puzzle you are addressing, and the research question that you intend to pursue. It is acceptable to have multiple research questions, but it is a good idea to clarify which is the main research question. If you have hypotheses, discuss them here. A research proposal can and should make a positive and persuasive first impression and demonstrate your potential to become a good researcher. In particular, you need to demonstrate that you can think critically and analytically as well as communicate your ideas clearly.

Research context for your proposed project. Provide a short introduction to your area of interest with a succinct, selective and critical review of the relevant literature. Demonstrate that you understand the theoretical underpinnings and main debates and issues in your research area and how your proposed research will make an original and necessary contribution to this. You need to demonstrate how your proposed research will fill a gap in existing knowledge.

Intended methodology. Outline how you plan to conduct the research and the data sources that you will use. We do not expect you to have planned a very detailed methodology at this stage, but you need to provide an overview of how you will conduct your research (qualitative and/or quantitative methods) and why this methodology is suited for your proposed study. You need to be convincing about the appropriateness and feasibility of the approaches you are suggesting, and reflective about problems you might encounter (including ethical and data protection issues) in collecting and analysing your data.

Expected outcomes and impact. How do you think the research might add to existing knowledge; what might it enable organisations or interested parties to do differently? Increasingly in academia (and this is particularly so for ESRC-funded studentships), PhD students are being asked to consider how their research might contribute to both academic impact and/or economic and societal impact. (This is well explained on the ESRC website if you would like to find out more.) Please consider broader collaborations and partnerships (academic and non-academic) that will support your research. Collaborative activity can lead to a better understanding of the ways in which academic research can translate into practice and it can help to inform and improve the quality of your research and its impact.

Timetable. What is your initial estimation of the timetable of the dissertation? When will each of the key stages start and finish (refining proposal; literature review; developing research methods; fieldwork; analysis; writing the draft; final submission). There are likely to overlaps between the stages.

Why Bristol? Why – specifically – do you want to study for your PhD at Bristol ? How would you fit into the School's  research themes and research culture . You do not need to identify supervisors at the application stage although it can be helpful if you do.

Bibliography. Do make sure that you cite what you see as the key readings in the field. This does not have to be comprehensive but you are illustrating the range of sources you might use in your research.

We expect your research proposal to be clear, concise and grammatically correct. Prior to submitting your research proposal, please make sure that you have addressed the following issues:

• Have you included a clear summary of what the proposed research is about and why it is significant?
• Have you clearly identified what your proposed research will add to our understanding of theory, knowledge or research design?
• Does it state what contributions it will make to policy and/or practice?
• Does the proposal clearly explain how you will do the research?
• Is the language clear and easy to understand by someone who is not an expert in the field?
• Is the grammar and spelling correct?

Guidance on writing a research proposal

A crucial part of the PhD application process is the research proposal. It is one of the key criteria that the University of Salford uses to differentiate between applicants and to make decisions on whether to make offers of acceptance onto the doctoral programme.

This page will give you more information on how to write a research proposal, with a few suggestions on what to include and what to avoid.

What is a research proposal?

A research proposal is an outline of your proposed research that is designed to:

• Formulate and define a clear, interesting research question; this may take the form of a hypothesis to be tested, or an open-ended enquiry
• Establish the relevance and value of the proposed research question in the context of current academic thinking, highlighting its originality and significance
• Outline a clear and practical methodology which enables you to answer the research question, and to describe and evaluate any data or source material you will draw upon
• Suggest what you hope to discover at the end of your research and what new areas it might open up
• Provide a provisional timeline of your research

What is the purpose of the research proposal?

Your proposal gives a relatively brief overview of what you would like to study. You will demonstrate how and why you have chosen to do this particular research, so that the university or school can see whether it is a viable project.

It is your chance to showcase your knowledge and expertise in your subject, what you know and, most importantly, what knowledge you are looking to add or build upon. It is your chance to say what your original contribution to the field will be.

It will also need to demonstrate your passion for the subject area and a persuasive argument about what your project can achieve.

What to include in your research proposal

A research proposal should include the sections below, but please note that this is a general guide and that you may be given more specific instructions by your supervisor.

A working title

This might not be the finalised title of your project but must show that you have thought about what you are hoping to achieve. Make sure any key words appear in the working title.

A general overview

A brief section about the subject area you are looking at, and how it fits into certain discipline(s). This will be most important in PhD research proposals where you are applying for funding, as you will need to show how your topic fits into the disciplines funded by the body.

A review of general literature

This isn’t an enormous literature review, but you need to show that you are aware of the important issues, themes and debates in the relevant literature. You must refer to key texts and briefly show that you understand how they are relevant to your research area. You are therefore summarising what has been done before on this topic. Remember that a PhD is original research, so for PhD proposals you will also need to show that what you’ll be studying hasn’t been done before.

Key research questions

These questions should set out the aims and objectives of your research.

What are the questions you’ll be looking to answer? What are you hoping to find out?

If undertaking original research, your hypothesis can be explained in this section. Be careful not to include an unachievable number of goals or be over-ambitious. Ambition is good but you must be able to actually carry out the things you have described.

Methodology

This is a really important section. You might have an excellent idea but be unable to access the information you need to conduct your research. You need to ask yourself how you are planning to do this research:

• What methods will you use?
• Are you looking for qualitative or quantitative data, or both?
• Will you be carrying out laboratory experiments or questionnaires?
• What options are open to you or what different methods could you use, and why have you chosen the ones you have?
• What other sources will you need to access?
• Is all the information available in the UK, or will you have to travel?
• If you are studying via distance learning will this affect the access to materials and sources?

Expected results

Obviously, you can’t say what the results will be, because you haven’t done the research yet. You can, however, explain what kinds of results you hope to achieve, such as a greater understanding of the way something works, a new method of doing something and so on. Think about how your research will affect or impact the subject area. This will showcase your original contribution to the field.

Include a timescale, showing that you understand the need to plan your research carefully and have thought about how long the different tasks might take you. It doesn’t need to be very detailed and it may of course change later, but it’s essential that you show you’ve thought about whether your project is achievable in the time available. The timescale should highlight if you are planning to study as a full or part time student.

Include a list of the key texts you’ve referred to, in the format required by your school (in most cases at the University of Salford, this will be the Harvard referencing system).

Your research proposal needs to be accessible

A good research proposal needs to be accessible to anyone at the University, not just a specialist in your field. Ensure when you write the research proposal it includes all the information you need to convey but is written in a way that anyone can read it and know the area of research and goals you aim to achieve.

Can you sum up your project in one sentence?

A popular viva question is to ask you to summarise your research in one sentence. Keep this in mind when writing your proposal. This could help keep you focused and stop your project sprawling.

Don’t choose something too broad or vague

Your research must be achievable. Your project might feel like it’s going to last a long time, especially if it is a PhD, but be aware of how long different aspects of your research might take. You won’t be able to answer every question about the topic or investigate every single aspect of a subject. Make sure your proposal has sensible, achievable goals. Your proposal also needs to be as defined as possible, as a proposal which is too vague will look like you haven’t thought it through.

Is there an appropriate supervisor?

Make sure there’s somebody available to supervise your research. Don’t propose to study a topic if there isn’t a suitable supervisor within the School/University!

Make sure you find the topic interesting

Be sure to choose something you are interested in and passionate about. You’ll spend a minimum of three years studying it, so you must be committed to the topic.

The research proposal is not set in stone

A good project will evolve over time as you discover more about the topic. It is normal for students to refine their original idea, proposal or title as the project proceeds. As you delve further into the subject you will see different pathways open up.

It is useful to view your proposal as an initial outline rather than a summary of the final product.

Does the proposal need to be written in a particular format?

When starting your research proposal, please check with your department to find out if they require you to submit using a specific template. For the most part they will ask you to cover the key areas mentioned above but may require you to include certain areas.

How much to write

Most research proposals are between 1,500 and 2,000 words long.

If you'd like further information or if you have any questions about writing your research proposal, please contact your relevant course area:

Arts, Media and Creative Technology

• +44 (0)161 295 6435
• [email protected]

Business, Management and Law

• +44 (0)161 295 2711
• [email protected]

Science, Engineering and Environment

• +44 (0)161 295 3482
• [email protected]

Health and Society

• +44 (0)161 295 2280
• +44 (0)161 295 4148
• [email protected]

How to write your research proposal

A key part of your application is your research proposal. Whether you are applying for a self-funded or studentship you should follow the guidance below.

If you are looking specifically for advice on writing your PhD by published work research proposal, read our guide .

You are encouraged to contact us to discuss the availability of supervision in your area of research before you make a formal application, by  visiting our areas of research .

What is your research proposal used for and why is it important?

• It is used to establish whether there is expertise to support your proposed area of research
• It forms part of the assessment of your application
• The research proposal you submit as part of your application is just the starting point, as your ideas evolve your proposed research is likely to change

How long should my research proposal be?

It should be 2,000–3,500 words (4-7 pages) long.

What should be included in my research proposal?

Your proposal should include the following:

• your title should give a clear indication of your proposed research approach or key question

2. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

You should include:

• the background and issues of your proposed research
• identify your discipline
• a short literature review
• a summary of key debates and developments in the field

3. RESEARCH QUESTION(S)

You should formulate these clearly, giving an explanation as to what problems and issues are to be explored and why they are worth exploring

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

You should provide an outline of:

• the theoretical resources to be drawn on
• the research approach (theoretical framework)
• the research methods appropriate for the proposed research
• a discussion of advantages as well as limits of particular approaches and methods

5. PLAN OF WORK & TIME SCHEDULE

You should include an outline of the various stages and corresponding time lines for developing and implementing the research, including writing up your thesis.

For  full-time study  your research should be completed within three years, with writing up completed in the fourth year of registration.

For  part-time study  your research should be completed within six years, with writing up completed by the eighth year.

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• a list of references to key articles and texts discussed within your research proposal
• a selection of sources appropriate to the proposed research

Related pages

Fees and funding.

How much will it cost to study a research degree?

Research degrees

Find out if you can apply for a Research Degree at the University of Westminster.

Research degree by distance learning

Find out about Research Degree distance learning options at the University of Westminster.

We use cookies to ensure the best experience on our website.

By accepting you agree to cookies being stored on your device.

Some of these cookies are essential to the running of the site, while others help us to improve your experience.

Functional cookies enable core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility.

Analytics cookies help us improve our website based on user needs by collecting information, which does not directly identify anyone.

Marketing cookies send information on your visit to third parties so that they can make their advertising more relevant to you when you visit other websites.

Warwick Writing Programme

Phd research proposal - guidance.

There is no single “right way” to present a research proposal but the guidance that follows is indicative of good practice. Proposals should be a succinct 500 words and include a list of works cited (which may be brief and make use of any referencing style). It is advisable to draft a proposal and share it with your prospective supervisor and our the research admissions tutor Dr Jodie Kim before submitting your formal application to the University. A promising proposal is not, however, a guarantee that an applicant will be admitted to the programme; it will be considered alongside the other elements of the application, including your academic credentials and your writing sample.

Please note that the funding bodies, e.g. M4C, generally have their own proposal templates and will require you to structure your funding proposal and other supporting statements according to these templates. You are advised to identify potential funders and familiarise yourself with their application requirements at an early stage in the PhD application process. If you are admitted to the PhD programme and move onto the funding application stage, then you will need to restructure and augment your Warwick proposal as necessary and appropriate when it comes to filling out your funding application.

Information about the M4C scheme can be found here:

https://www.midlands4cities.ac.uk/

Applicants are strongly advised to attend one of the M4C preparatory workshops offered in the autumn.

Warwick’s Doctoral College offers advice about other funding opportunities here:

https://warwick.ac.uk/services/dc/schols_fund/

School of Environment, Education and Development

How to write a PGR research proposal

You will need to submit a research proposal with your PhD application. This is crucial in the assessment of your application and it warrants plenty of time and energy.

Your research proposal should be no more than 1500 words, Times New Roman, Font 12 (exclusive of references). Please provide a word count with your submission. If over length, the submission will be returned to you.

While there are different ways to structure a research proposal, usually a proposal includes the following:

A clear working title for your research project that expresses its essence well.

Overview of the research

An introduction where you identify the subject of your research in relation to theoretical contributions/hypothesis and relevant empirical applications, explaining why the project is important and highlighting why you wish to pursue this project.

Please also add a short paragraph stating why you want to apply to the School of Education, Environment and Development (SEED) at the University of Manchester, and how your research links to at least one of the four research priority themes :

• Global inequalities
• Cities and infrastructure
• Environmental change and sustainability
• Digital methods, perspectives, solutions; and/or the work of a specific research group

Positioning of the research

A short review of relevant literature and theories (or hypotheses) relating to your proposed research area, showing that you clearly understand the key arguments that have been developed and the ideas and findings of key researchers working on the topic. This should also demonstrate your familiarity with the subject area, and your ability to communicate ideas clearly and concisely.

Research design and methodology

• A summary of the central aims and questions that will guide your research.
• An outline of the research methods you propose to use, explaining how you will conduct your research, and a justification of those. Also consider perceived challenges, and how these may be overcome, plus a short timeline.

Ethical considerations

• You should identify and address any potential ethical considerations in relation to your proposed research. Please discuss your research with your proposed supervisor to see how best to progress your ideas in line with University of Manchester ethics guidance, and ensure that your proposed supervisor is happy for you to proceed with your application.
• Include a bibliography highlighting the key references that you have drawn on in the proposal (this does not count towards the 1500 words).

Supervisors

It is strongly advised that you contact your desired PGR supervisor beforehand and discuss your proposed research with them. Please note that contact can only be informal, and no decision can be made on your application until it is submitted and processed through the Humanities Doctoral Academy.

If an academic is interested in supervising your project, make sure to include their name on your application form.

Flexibility

You will not be forced to follow the proposal exactly once you have started to study. It is normal for applicants to refine their original proposal, in light of detailed literature review, further consideration of research approaches and comments received from your supervisors (and other academic staff).

Pitfalls to avoid

We sometimes have to reject applicants who meet the academic requirements but have not produced a satisfactory research proposal, therefore:

• Make sure that your research idea, question or problem is very clearly stated and well-grounded in academic research.
• Make sure that your proposal is well focused and conforms exactly to the submission requirements described here.
• Poorly specified, jargon-filled or rambling proposals will not convince us that you have a clear idea of what you want to do.

The University uses electronic systems to detect plagiarism and other forms of academic malpractice and for assessment. All Humanities PhD programmes require the submission of a research proposal as part of the application process. The Doctoral Academy upholds the principle that where a candidate approaches the University with a project of study, this should be original. While it is understandable that research may arise out of previous studies, it is vital that your research proposal is not the subject of plagiarism.

If you need help and advice about your application, contact the Postgraduate Admissions Team.

University guidelines

You may also find it useful to read the advice and guidance on the University website about writing a proposal for your research degree application.

University of Birmingham

Writing a research proposal

Guidance on writing a great research proposal to support your application to research programmes.

The research proposal is ‭an important document that ‭you submit as part of the ‭application process, so it is ‭essential that you put sufficient ‭time and energy into preparing, ‭as well as drafting, it.

What is a research proposal?

A research proposal is a concise and ‭coherent summary of your proposed research. ‭It is a key part of your application, on which ‭potential supervisors will decide if your ‭research is something they can support.

A research proposal generally consists of an outline of your proposed research project, including your main research questions and the methods you intend to use. You should also comment on the potential impact and importance of your intended research and on how your work would interact with current trends in your academic field.

How is it structured?

1. research topic.

General subject area/explain domain on which you will focus.

2. Review of the literature

Demonstrate familiarity with relevant literature, show awareness of previous research and explain how your research aims to make an original contribution to knowledge.

3. Research objectives

Explain what you are intending to achieve. You might use:

• Hypotheses: an assumed relationship between two or more variables
• Propositions: statements that explain likely phenomena
• Objectives or a set of research questions
• Problems: identify existing unsatisfactory conditions and propose a solution

4. Research strategy

Explain your research strategy/method; consider strategic options/outline how you plan to collect your data (if any).

5. Anticipated results

Consider the type of expected results, data analysis method and identify potential data collection problems.

6. Schedule and budget

Plan resource requirements; detail stages of the research and timescale (as applicable).

7. References and bibliography

In order to make a compelling case you should aim to:

• Demonstrate your strategic fit: how does your research and/or previous experience fit in with the research strengths, agendas and priorities of the University?
• Make a positive and powerful first impression about your potential as a researcher
• The proposal and supporting statement are for you to show that you have the ability to take ownership over your project and demonstrate research leadership
• State and justify your objectives clearly (“because it is interesting” is not enough!) – make sure that you address a clear gap in existing work
• Persuade potential supervisors and/or funders of the importance of the research, and why you are the right person to undertake it

Requirements for research degrees (e.g. PhD, MLitt, MPhil, MMus, LLM, MJur)

Schools in the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences and the College of Life and Environmental Sciences , where students join an existing research group, need to know:

• Your research interests (but do not require a detailed proposal).
• Which areas of the College you would like to work in.
• The names of one or more potential supervisors.

All other schools in the Colleges of Arts and Law, Social Sciences, and Medical and Dental Sciences require a research proposal of between 1,000 and 1,500 words specifying the subject of the proposed research, the body of ideas or theory that will be used, the aim and objectives and the methodological approach to be adopted.

Although there is no set format or prescribed length for a research you can contact the school or department (or your prospective supervisor) to find out more if you want to know the expectation for the programme you are applying to.

Requirements for combined research and taught programmes

A research proposal of approximately 1000-1500 words is required for the following programmes:

• MPhilB Contemporary German Studies
• MPhilB Philosophy
• MPhilBs in the College of Arts and Law , with the exception of applicants for the MPhilB Playwriting Studies, who should submit a play or production that they have written.
• MRes Conservation and Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources
• Doctorate in Business Administration
• PhD with Integrated Study in Education and Learning
• PhD with Integrated Study in International Development
• SocScD in Applied Social Research

When your draft is complete

Read it out loud to yourself and then ask whether you have answered the following:

• Why would anyone want to invest in my research?
• What is the research about?
• Why do you want to do it?
• Why do you believe you will be able to do it?
• Why is it significant?
• What do you aim to achieve by completing it?
• Have you shown that you understand how your research will contribute to the conceptual understanding and/or knowledge of your topic, e.g. expand knowledge or theory, improve research design, or improve analysis?
• Is it clear how your research will fit within, and contribute to, the department?
• Does your passion shine through?
• Have you formulated a clear, feasible research question?
• Have you placed your question in the context of current work in the field?
• Have you outlined your methodology? (e.g. empirical or theoretical, qualitative and/or quantitative, modelling, surveys, interviews, observation, case studies, machine processes, data processing, etc.)
• Have you been specific about any fieldwork involved (where you need to go, when, for how long and how you will fund this)?
• Have you said what resources you will need?
• Have you suggested what impact it will have?
• Have you provided a timeline?
• Have you provided a reference list?

Hints and Tips

Your proposal is unique to you, however there are some expected concepts and themes which we would expect to see included within your writing. Below you will find guidance on the essentials of a research proposal.

Tip 1: Demonstrate Originality

There are many ways in which you can demonstrate originality:

• Identify problems, such as inconsistencies or gaps, in existing analysis
• A fresh, critical discussion of texts, works and/or ideas that have been neglected by scholarship
• Bring together disciplines and areas of work that have not been brought together before
• Compare a topic in one country/language/business model/legal system, etc. with the same topic in another (a ‘comparative study’)
• Analyse an issue from a new perspective, or apply work from another discipline to your own, in order to create new knowledge, learning or practice (e.g.by bringing a theoretical approach to a problem which has not been applied before, at length)
• A study of the impact of a particular set of conditions, piece of legislation, series of events, government, etc.

Tip 2: Research Impact

Wherever possible, the beneficiaries of ‘impact’ should consist of a wider group than that of the immediate professional circle who carry out similar research. 'Impact' should show quality and help to enhance the reputation of the University and the UK's attractivenes for research and innovation investment.

Specific beneficiaries might be: researchers in other disciplines; academic organisations; companies, public sector bodies and others who may use the results to their advantage; or policy makers.

• Who might benefit from this research?
• How might they benefit from this research?
• What will be done to ensure that potential beneficiaries have the opportunity to engage with this research?
• Apply to propose your own research
• Postgraduate research entry requirements
• How to apply to our research courses
• Postgraduate Open Events
• Chat with our postgraduates
• Postgraduate scholarships and funding

This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Read our cookie policy

We work together with students to shape their academic journey, creating unique opportunities and building a foundation for their future.

• Undergraduate Study
• Applying to Suffolk
• Fees and Finance
• Part-time Study
• Postgraduate Study
• PhD Study 
• Professional Development and Short Courses
• Why Choose the University of Suffolk?
• Get in Touch

Undergraduate Open Day

6 July 2024 - 6 July 2024 10.00 AM – 3.45 PM

Life at Suffolk

Suffolk is a county of choices, with space to explore and enjoy new experiences.

• Funding your Studies
• Undergraduate
• Postgraduate

International

• Additional Support
• Blackbullion
• Your Campus
• Ipswich Campus
• Student Centre
• Sports Facilities
• Partner Colleges
• Student Life
• Disability & Wellbeing
• Student Life Mentors
• Counselling service
• Student Life Team
• Library and Learning Services
• Applicant Area
• Student Accommodation
• Careers and Employability

At the University of Suffolk you will become part of our global network and your journey will be both exciting and challenging.

• How to Apply
• Entry Requirements
• Fees and Scholarships
• Visas and Immigration
• Getting Ready for Suffolk
• Search for a Course

We are a university shaped by research excellence. Our academics and students are a community embracing innovation and change, making Suffolk an exciting place to be.

• Research Institutes
• Research Governance
• Research Showcase
• Research Excellence Framework (REF)
• PhD Subject Areas and Supervisors
• Applying for a PhD
• PhD Funding and Scholarships
• Suffolk Doctoral College

We work closely with the business community to find the right opportunities to support your academic journey and build the foundation for your career.

• Knowledge Exchange
• Innovation Labs (iLabs)
• Degree Apprenticeships
• Our Apprenticeships
• Information for Employers
• The Apprenticeship Learner Journey
• CPD and Short Courses
• Leadership and Management Academy

The University of Suffolk is all about transformation – transforming individuals, our community, our region and beyond.

• Our University
• Civic University
• Publication Scheme
• Equality and Diversity
• Academic Partners
• Widening Participation 
• Schools Liaison and Access
• Learning and Teaching
• Policies and Procedures
• Economic Impact Assessment
• Student Charter
• Our Strategy and Vision 2020-2030
• Community Engagement and Impact
• Sustainability
• Academic Schools
• School of Allied Health Sciences
• School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health
• School of Social Sciences and Humanities
• School of Technology, Business and Arts
• Supporting the University 
• Alumni and Supporters
• Your Alumni Community
• Alumni Benefits and Services
• Update your Details
• Make your Gift Today
• Open Lecture Series
• Graduation 2024
• Get in touch
• Chat with Us
• Get a Prospectus
• Book an Open Day
• People Directory
• Work with Us
• Our Research PhD Study and the Suffolk Doctoral College Applying for a PhD Research Proposal and Guidance

Explore pages, courses, news, events and people

Research proposal guidance.

The research proposal will be circulated to members of the School working in your area of interest and is an extremely important part of your application. The proposal will help to identify whether the University has a supervisory team who may be suitable for supporting your PhD study.  Please refer to the guidelines below to help you to structure your research proposal which should be no shorter than 1000 words, but no longer than 2000 words, not including references.

Structuring a Research Proposal

Make sure that your title goes beyond simply describing the subject matter – it should give an indication of your approach or key questions

Overview of the Research (up to 200 words)

In this section, you should provide a short overview of your research and where it fits within the existing academic discourses, debates or literature. The point is to sketch out the context into which your work will fit. Be sure to establish a solid and convincing framework for your research in this section. This should include: • research questions (usually, 1-3 should suffice) and the reason for asking them • the major approach(es) you will take (conceptual, theoretical, empirical and normative, as appropriate) and rationale • significance of the research (in academic and, if appropriate, other fields)

Positioning of the research (up to 900 words)

• This section should discuss the texts that you believe are most important to the project, demonstrate your understanding of the research issues, and identify existing gaps (both theoretical and practical) that the research is intended to address • This section is intended to ‘sign-post’ and contextualise your research questions, not to provide a detailed analysis of existing debates

Research design and methodology (up to 900 words)

• This section should lay out, in clear terms, the way in which you will structure your research and the specific methods you will use.

Research design should include (but is not limited to): • The parameters of the research (i.e. the definition of the subject matter) • A discussion of the overall approach and your rationale for adopting this approach • Specific aims and objectives • A brief discussion of the timeline for achieving this A well-developed methodology section is crucial; particularly if you intend to conduct significant empirical research- include specific techniques, not just your general approach.

• Your references should provide the reader with a good sense of your grasp on the literature and how you can contribute to it. • Be sure to reference texts and resources that you think will play a large role in your analysis. It should show critical reflection in the selection of appropriate texts.

• Make sure that your research idea, question or problem is very clearly stated, persuasive and addresses a demonstrable gap in the existing literature. • Make sure that your proposal is well structured. • Ensure that the scope of your project is reasonable, and remember that there are significant limits to the size and complexity of a project that can be completed and written up within the proposed timeframe. • Make sure that your passion for the subject matter shines through in the structure and arguments presented within your proposal.

• Monash Online

Monash Education

• Teacher education
• Situational Judgement Test
• The Monash Teaching Suitability Test (MTeST)
• The Casper Test The Casper Test
• Alternative pathways into the Bachelor of Education (Honours) Alternative pathways into the Bachelor of Education (Honours)
• Teacher placements Teacher placements
• Undergraduate study Undergraduate study
• Postgraduate study Postgraduate study
• Psychology courses
• How to apply - Psychology How to apply - Psychology
• Psychology clinical placements Psychology clinical placements
• Counselling courses
• Counselling professional placements Counselling professional placements
• Research courses Research courses
• PD short courses PD short courses
• How to apply for a course
• Single unit enrolments Single unit enrolments
• Cross institutional enrolments Cross institutional enrolments
• Course enquiries Course enquiries
• Find a researcher Find a researcher
• Research groups
• Arts.Creativity.Education Arts.Creativity.Education
• Beyond Reconciliation Research Group Beyond Reconciliation Research Group
• Bilingualism, Multilingualism and Plurilingualism Research Group Bilingualism, Multilingualism and Plurilingualism Research Group
• Cultural-Historical and Activity Theory (CHAT) Research Group Cultural-Historical and Activity Theory (CHAT) Research Group
• Early Childhood Conceptual PlayLab Early Childhood Conceptual PlayLab
• Early Childhood Workforce Research Collective Early Childhood Workforce Research Collective
• Education, Environment and Sustainability Education, Environment and Sustainability
• Globalisation, Education and Work Globalisation, Education and Work
• Health, Physical Education and Sport Research Group Health, Physical Education and Sport Research Group
• Interdisciplinary Approaches Research Group Interdisciplinary Approaches Research Group
• Mathematics Education Research Group Mathematics Education Research Group
• Phenomenology and Education Research Group Phenomenology and Education Research Group
• Plants + Places + Pedagogies Research Group Plants + Places + Pedagogies Research Group
• queerEd Research Group queerEd Research Group
• Science Education Science Education
• Transforming Initial Teacher Education for Social Impact Research Group Transforming Initial Teacher Education for Social Impact Research Group
• Dean's Research Fellows Dean's Research Fellows
• Faculty research agenda
• Educational Leadership Educational Leadership
• Teaching and Learning Teaching and Learning
• Digital Futures Digital Futures
• Health and Wellbeing Health and Wellbeing
• Diversity and Inclusion Diversity and Inclusion
• Research projects
• Vocational institutions, undergraduate degrees: distinction or inequality Vocational institutions, undergraduate degrees: distinction or inequality
• Data-smart schools: enhancing the use of digital data in secondary schools Data-smart schools: enhancing the use of digital data in secondary schools
• Making a digital difference? An investigation of new technologies in secondary schools Making a digital difference? An investigation of new technologies in secondary schools
• An investigation into the relations between imaginary situations and scientific abstractions in preschool digital play An investigation into the relations between imaginary situations and scientific abstractions in preschool digital play
• Pathways to work engagement, wellbeing and positive teaching among mid-career teachers: The role of personal and workplace resources Pathways to work engagement, wellbeing and positive teaching among mid-career teachers: The role of personal and workplace resources
• Affective imagination in science education: exploring the emotional nature of scientific and technological learning and engaging children and teachers Affective imagination in science education: exploring the emotional nature of scientific and technological learning and engaging children and teachers
• Conceptual play: foregrounding imagination and cognition during concept formation in early years science education Conceptual play: foregrounding imagination and cognition during concept formation in early years science education
• Elite independent schools in globalising circumstances: a multi-sited global Ethnography Elite independent schools in globalising circumstances: a multi-sited global Ethnography
• Using pedagogical reasoning to explicate expert practice that aligns with national teaching standards Using pedagogical reasoning to explicate expert practice that aligns with national teaching standards
• Peopling educational policy: realising the new Australian English and mathematics curricula Peopling educational policy: realising the new Australian English and mathematics curricula
• Numeracy@Home: Enhancing the capacity of parents to support the learning of their children Numeracy@Home: Enhancing the capacity of parents to support the learning of their children
• M-cubed: Money, meaning and maths for learners with cognitive disability M-cubed: Money, meaning and maths for learners with cognitive disability
• The internationalization of Australian Independent Schools: The influence of Confucian Heritage Culture on Pedagogy The internationalization of Australian Independent Schools: The influence of Confucian Heritage Culture on Pedagogy
• Getting Evidence Moving in Schools Getting Evidence Moving in Schools
• Turning inquiry experiences into robust learning: Exploring the potential of structured mathematics learning sequences Turning inquiry experiences into robust learning: Exploring the potential of structured mathematics learning sequences
• Teacher knowledge and practice of geometry in Kindergarten to Year 6 Teacher knowledge and practice of geometry in Kindergarten to Year 6
• Connected2Learning - Thinking Outside the Square Connected2Learning - Thinking Outside the Square
• Teachers' knowledge and practice in developing students' multiplicative thinking in Years 3 & 4 2018 Teachers' knowledge and practice in developing students' multiplicative thinking in Years 3 & 4 2018
• Teachers' knowledge and practice in developing students' multiplicative thinking in Years 3 & 4 2017 Teachers' knowledge and practice in developing students' multiplicative thinking in Years 3 & 4 2017
• Teachers' knowledge and practice in developing students' multiplicative thinking in Years 3 & 4 2016 Teachers' knowledge and practice in developing students' multiplicative thinking in Years 3 & 4 2016
• Extending Mathematical Understanding for all Extending Mathematical Understanding for all
• Evaluation of the Let's Count E-Learning Pilot Program for The Smith Family Evaluation of the Let's Count E-Learning Pilot Program for The Smith Family
• External Evaluation of Explore Learning Sites Critical and Creative Thinking Collaborative Inquiry Project External Evaluation of Explore Learning Sites Critical and Creative Thinking Collaborative Inquiry Project
• Conceptual PlayLab
• About our research About our research
• Our team Our team
• Publications Publications
• Updates Updates
• About our project About our project
• Get involved Get involved
• Publications
• QURE Framework Report (DONOT change url)
• Discussion Paper
• Q Suite Resources Q Suite Resources
• Informal sport as a health and social resource
• Industry partners Industry partners
• Pacific INDIE
• Members Members
• Launches Launches
• Outcomes Outcomes
• Respectful relationships in early childhood professional learning Respectful relationships in early childhood professional learning
• Researching Curriculum Renewal Researching Curriculum Renewal
• Dynamic Leadership in Early Childhood Dynamic Leadership in Early Childhood
• Developing Leadership Language in Education Leaders Developing Leadership Language in Education Leaders
• Developing a conflict resolution theoretical framework for principals, leaders, teachers and whole school staff Developing a conflict resolution theoretical framework for principals, leaders, teachers and whole school staff
• Building an evidence-base for using Minecraft: Education Edition as an educational tool Building an evidence-base for using Minecraft: Education Edition as an educational tool
• Zoos Victoria Fighting Extinction School Impact Project Zoos Victoria Fighting Extinction School Impact Project
• School leadership amid the pandemic School leadership amid the pandemic
• A novel transformational model for school food education in Pacific coastal communities A novel transformational model for school food education in Pacific coastal communities
• Numeracy across the curriculum research project Numeracy across the curriculum research project
• Engaged Exchanges: Teaching and integrating inquiry learning in online environments Engaged Exchanges: Teaching and integrating inquiry learning in online environments
• Building Babies Brains (Bfor3) and Literacy Acquisition for Pre-Primary Students (LAPS) 2020 Project Building Babies Brains (Bfor3) and Literacy Acquisition for Pre-Primary Students (LAPS) 2020 Project
• Family Violence Prevention in Victorian Muslim Communities Family Violence Prevention in Victorian Muslim Communities
• Kids co-designing sustainable and healthy environments Kids co-designing sustainable and healthy environments
• Are Islamic Schools in Indonesia Educating for or Against Religious Extremism Are Islamic Schools in Indonesia Educating for or Against Religious Extremism
• Islamic Schooling in Australia and Indonesia: A Collaborative Documentary Film Islamic Schooling in Australia and Indonesia: A Collaborative Documentary Film
• Mental Wellbeing in Community Sports Club - Healthway Mental Wellbeing in Community Sports Club - Healthway
• Leading Virtual Learning Teacher Course Leading Virtual Learning Teacher Course
• Challenging Homophobia in Rugby Union Challenging Homophobia in Rugby Union
• Mathematics and Fractions and Decimals Online Interviews Review Mathematics and Fractions and Decimals Online Interviews Review
• Quasi-experimental research on Home Based Parenting Education Program Quasi-experimental research on Home Based Parenting Education Program
• Setting up for success: reengaging young parents with education Setting up for success: reengaging young parents with education
• High Impact Teaching Strategies Resources Catalogue High Impact Teaching Strategies Resources Catalogue
• Australian teachers’ ethical dilemmas regarding climate change in the midst of ecological crisis Australian teachers’ ethical dilemmas regarding climate change in the midst of ecological crisis
• Learning through languages: Plurilingual pedagogy in the English classroom Learning through languages: Plurilingual pedagogy in the English classroom
• theSTEMproblem
• About About
• Schools Schools
• Resources Resources
• Primary teachers' adaptive expertise in interdisciplinary maths and science Primary teachers' adaptive expertise in interdisciplinary maths and science
• Evaluation of the Gender Equality in Victorian Sport and Recreation Program Design Principles Evaluation of the Gender Equality in Victorian Sport and Recreation Program Design Principles
• Dropping out or opting out? Examining girls and women’s participation in sport Dropping out or opting out? Examining girls and women’s participation in sport
• Parent Report Card Survey 2019-2020 Parent Report Card Survey 2019-2020
• Futurity Investment Group Parent Report Card Survey Research Project Futurity Investment Group Parent Report Card Survey Research Project
• VicHealth Pride Cup Evaluation VicHealth Pride Cup Evaluation
• Listening to the most important people in the room: How can student feedback surveys improve secondary teachers' practices? Listening to the most important people in the room: How can student feedback surveys improve secondary teachers' practices?
• Promoting the Inclusion and Participation of Individuals with ASD In Sport: Evaluation of Online Coach Education Promoting the Inclusion and Participation of Individuals with ASD In Sport: Evaluation of Online Coach Education
• Rapid Review: Mental Wellbeing in Community Sports Clubs Rapid Review: Mental Wellbeing in Community Sports Clubs
• Research into the professional development of teachers for students with disabilities Research into the professional development of teachers for students with disabilities
• Harmony Hubs Program Evaluation Harmony Hubs Program Evaluation
• Renewal of Science Continuum Archive Renewal of Science Continuum Archive
• Leading school-based change: The Knox School 2019-2020 Leading school-based change: The Knox School 2019-2020
• The future of Victorian Jewish schools: a community consultation to re-assess the ethical responsibility of schooling The future of Victorian Jewish schools: a community consultation to re-assess the ethical responsibility of schooling
• Digital literacies for adult migrant and refugee settlement Digital literacies for adult migrant and refugee settlement
• Joy of moving program in Australia
• Overview Overview
• Impact Impact
• Education for a World Worth Living In
• Our focus Our focus
• Our projects Our projects
• Teacher capabilities in conditions of superdiversity Teacher capabilities in conditions of superdiversity
• Building a community of theatre champions for schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Building a community of theatre champions for schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
• School principals’ emotional labour in volatile times
• About the project About the project
• Virtual Reality and Inclusive Teacher Education Virtual Reality and Inclusive Teacher Education
• Sleeping sound autism
• Professional learning course Professional learning course
• The impact of teacher shortages on teachers remaining in hard to staff schools The impact of teacher shortages on teachers remaining in hard to staff schools
• Developmental Kit – My Emotions Developmental Kit – My Emotions
• What the teaching profession needs now for the future What the teaching profession needs now for the future
• Faculty of Education working papers Faculty of Education working papers
• IRECE Journal
• About the IRECE Journal About the IRECE Journal
• Author and reviewer guidelines Author and reviewer guidelines
• Research degrees
• How to apply How to apply
• Pathways to research Pathways to research
• Contact Contact
• Scholarships Scholarships
• MERC - Monash Education Research Community
• Conference Conference
• Partnerships
• Showcase Showcase
• Why work with us? Why work with us?
• Consulting services Consulting services
• Global partnerships Global partnerships
• Contact us Contact us
• Manage your course
• Course maps Course maps
• Unit selection Unit selection
• New enrolments
• Additional enrolment tasks Additional enrolment tasks
• Student complaints Student complaints
• Business rules (academic) Business rules (academic)
• Teacher placements
• Placement dates Placement dates
• Allocation process Allocation process
• Conditions of placement Conditions of placement
• Security clearances
• Immunisation Immunisation
• Business rules (placements)
• Professional Experience Intervention and Support Processes Professional Experience Intervention and Support Processes
• Professional Experience Placement Variation Application processes Professional Experience Placement Variation Application processes
• Professional experience visits business rule Professional experience visits business rule
• Professional experience visits process Professional experience visits process
• Forms Forms
• Financial support Financial support
• International placements International placements
• Interstate placements Interstate placements
• Rural placements Rural placements
• Who to contact Who to contact
• Counselling placements
• Counselling Placement Team Counselling Placement Team
• Psychology placements Psychology placements
• Academic skills
• Assignment workshops Assignment workshops
• English language workshops English language workshops
• Literacy and Numeracy Development Program Literacy and Numeracy Development Program
• Consultations for research students Consultations for research students
• Seminars for research students Seminars for research students
• Research proposal guidelines Research proposal guidelines
• Writing groups for research students Writing groups for research students
• Facilities and resources
• Audio-visual services Audio-visual services
• Theses collection Theses collection
• Student life
• Orientation Orientation
• Student Ambassadors
• Become Student Ambassador Become Student Ambassador
• Student Engagement Office (SEO) Student Engagement Office (SEO)
• International Student Peer Support (ISPS) International Student Peer Support (ISPS)
• Contacts for students Contacts for students
• Events Events
• Browse categories Browse categories
• Welcome message Welcome message
• Senior Leadership Team Senior Leadership Team
• Schools, research centres and clinics
• Curriculum, Teaching and Inclusive Education Curriculum, Teaching and Inclusive Education
• Education, Culture and Society Education, Culture and Society
• Educational Psychology and Counselling Educational Psychology and Counselling
• Monash Krongold Clinic Monash Krongold Clinic
• Rankings and reputation Rankings and reputation
• Our vision and strategy Our vision and strategy
• Alumni Alumni
• Our prize partners Our prize partners
• Donations and bequests Donations and bequests
• Our campuses Our campuses
• Contact the Faculty Contact the Faculty
• Skip to content
• Skip to navigation

Research proposal guidelines

Download brochure.

Writing Proposals and Theses in Education (pdf)

Purpose of a proposal

The purpose of the proposal is to help you (as student) to focus and define your research plans. These plans are not binding, in that they may well change substantially as you progress in the research. However, they are an indication to your faculty of your direction and discipline as a researcher. They also help you to prepare your application to the Ethics Committee.

The proposal is expected to:

• Show that you are engaging in genuine enquiry, finding out about something worthwhile in a particular context;
• Link your proposed work with the work of others, while proving you are acquainted with major schools of thought relevant to the topic;
• Establish a particular theoretical orientation;
• Establish your methodological approach, and
• Show you have thought about the ethical issues

Structure of a proposal

A proposal is likely to contain most of the elements listed in the table below, although your supervisor may require the inclusion or omission of parts. Check first with your supervisor.

• Undergraduate Study
• Research Proposal Guidance
• Postgraduate taught
• Research Degrees
• Scholarships, Fees and Funding
• Supervisors
• Degree apprenticeships

Guidance on Writing an Outline Research Proposal

In order to assess your application, it is helpful to see an outline of the research area in which you would like to do your doctoral study. This information helps your application in two ways: 

• It helps us to see if we have research supervisors who are experts in your area and who can support your project. 
• It gives us an idea of how well you are able to conceptualise and articulate your ideas. 

We do not expect a fully comprehensive and detailed research proposal at this stage. The main information that we are looking for is the:

• research topic (ie. the subject area)
• rationale for this topic (ie. why is it important?)
• methodological approach that you think you might take (eg. qualitative or quantitative?)

Research proposal considerations

The most suitable format for your outline will depend partly on the area of the study, but the following considerations are likely to apply to most topics.

Project title

At this stage, you need only give some thought to a brief title that communicates an overview of the project you have in mind.

Brief description of the project

What is the project about? The problem should be focused enough that it is able to be researched in a single PhD study. It should not be over-ambitious. Remember that you will be working largely on your own with limited financial resources. Where will it be located? Who or what will you be investigating? Where possible, try and identify one or two research questions. In addition, try and define the major concepts embodied in your project.

Background and rationale for the project

Why do you think this issue needs to be investigated? What will we learn? What will we gain? Why is it important? What are the implications? It would be helpful if this section can mention previous research and other academic literature related to the topic area.

The suggested methodological background

Describe how you think you could investigate your topic. How can you answer the research question? In this section you should pay particular attention to formulating a plan of action that you can pursue, bearing in mind the time available and costs involved. You may also need to consider whether your plan is feasible. The content of this section will range widely. For example, it might include the following:

• Large survey
• Intervention study 
• Evaluation 
• Small exploratory study 

Think about how you will collect data to answer your research question? Will your approach be qualitative, quantitative or mixed? What kind of sample would you need? You are not expected to be too prescriptive here as you would receive guidance from a supervisor once you embarked on the study. At this stage you should be able to identify a relevant sample and to appreciate any problems of sample size or accessibility your research might generate. Where possible, think about the ways in which you would analyse the data that you produce. 

Bibliography 

We would expect you to have done some initial reading around your topic area. Here you should list those sources to which you have referred and that have informed your thinking. In addition, list sources that you feel would be key texts in embarking on the study. 

The above notes are only intended to assist planning of a research proposal. However, you will find that thought given to these points at the beginning of the research can save a considerable amount of confusion and wasted effort later.

Points to think about when writing a research outline:

• What is your research question? 
• Why does it matter? 
• How will you address this question? (ie. what will be your methodology?) 
• How important is this activity to nursing, midwifery or physiotherapy or to your health service or to service users? 
• How many subjects do you need? How will you choose them? (ie. discuss issues of access and sampling) 
• How will you analyse your data? 
• The University Postgraduate Prospectus offers general advice on writing a research proposal .

School of Health Sciences

B236, Medical School Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham, NG7 2HA

telephone: +44 (0)115 95 15559 email: [email protected]

Legal information

• Terms and conditions
• Posting rules
• Accessibility
• Freedom of information
• Charity gateway
• Cookie policy

Connect with the University of Nottingham through social media and our blogs .

For students

• Current Students website
• Email web access
• Make a payment
• iExeter (students)
• Programme and module information
• Current staff website
• Room Bookings
• iExeter (staff)
• Finance Helpdesk
• IT Service Desk

Popular links

• Accommodation
• Job vacancies
• Temporary workers
• Future Leaders & Innovators Graduate Scheme

New and returning students

• New students website
• Returning Students Guide

Wellbeing, Inclusion and Culture

• Wellbeing services for students
• Wellbeing services for staff
• Equality, Diversity and Inclusion
• Israel, Palestine, and the Middle East

Postgraduate Study - PhD and Research Degrees

• Postgraduate Research home
• How to apply

Research proposal

• After you apply
• Admission terms, conditions and policies
• Immigration and visas

What is a research proposal?

For comprehensive advice please download our How to write a research proposal guide.

What is a research proposal

Your research proposal needs to outline the nature of your proposed research project and give some indication of how you will conduct your research.  It is an integral part of the postgraduate research application process, so it is certainly worth investing time and energy into it.

Your research proposal should leave a positive first impression upon the reader about your ‘fitness’ to study a PhD. It is your project, so it is important to demonstrate leadership in this first stage of the application process. An ideal proposal should leave the reader feeling in no doubt that you have done some preliminary research about your subject and that you are knowledgeable and ready to tackle the challenges of a PhD. Give your proposal your utmost attention and time, but also be realistic ‐ you are not expected to know everything at this stage. Your proposal can also be flexible. It is not a contract. Always ask someone else to read your proposal before you submit it, and to offer you some critical but supportive feedback. Remember that a research proposal is about what you want to study; it immediately reflects your initial understanding of, and commitment to, PhD study. A research proposal can and should make a positive and powerful first impression about your potential to become a good researcher.  Importantly, the main purpose is to enable the university to assess whether you are a good ‘match’ for our supervisors and our areas of research expertise. Therefore, in a good research proposal you will need to demonstrate two main things:

•     that you are capable of  independent critical thinking and analysis
•     that you are capable of  communicating your ideas clearly

Applying for a PhD is like applying for a job, you are not applying for a taught programme.  When you start a PhD you will become a valued researcher in an academic department. Through your research proposal your colleagues want to know whether they can work with you, and whether your ideas are focussed, interesting and realistic. Try and impress them! Your proposal should be indicative and it should outline your areas of interest and your general insight into the research topic. You are not expected to be an expert and to be familiar with all the specific details of your subject. However, you are expected to have a good level of knowledge about the subject and where you might make a valuable contribution to research. The perfect research proposal should leave the reader interested, excited and wanting to find out more about your ideas, and about you!

Preparing a research proposal

Before you write a research proposal, the first step should be to provide a 500-word outline of your proposed research project. You should then forward this to any academic you feel would best suit your proposed project – you can find contact details for staff on the individual subject websites. If you receive a positive response, you can then plan to submit a formal application in the form of a research proposal.

Your proposal must specify the area of your proposed research and should cover relevance, theoretical perspectives, research methodology, and sources of data.  Your proposal is your calling card. It is your chance to sell yourself and your research to prospective supervisors. Competition for places is fierce, and many students apply to us with excellent Bachelors and Masters degrees from around the world. Your proposal is your way of setting yourself apart from the crowd. So, you should work hard to submit the best possible application.

Putting together your document

There is no set formula for your research proposal in terms of length or what you include in it. It is quality, not quantity, that counts to demonstrate that you have a clear and concise way of thinking. Your proposal should explain your project, establish its importance, and set out how you are going to complete it in the time allowed.

PhD-level study, quite literally, encompasses an almost infinite variety of topics and projects.  It is for this reason that prescribing a ‘one-size-fits-all’ method for research proposal writing is a difficult task, but the strongest proposals are likely to contain many of the following:

Background  – You should establish the context to, and rationale for, your research based on a reading of the relevant academic and/or practitioner literature. Where possible, cite relevant authors and studies, and explain how this research builds on your previous academic work or professional experience. You should discuss the intellectual importance of your work, its contribution to your subject area, and its originality, which, in time, form three of the four main criteria for assessing your PhD.

Aims and objectives  – Set out the central aims and research questions that guide your research. What hypothesis or argument are you trying to explore and what questions are you trying to answer? Set out your terms of reference clearly and precisely. These may cover what you intend to achieve by the research in general and, more specifically, how the research fits the background and the outcomes from the project. 

Methods and techniques  – Explain how your approach to collecting and analysing information will help you satisfy your aims and objectives. Potential data collection methods and possible analytical techniques give a sense of the direction of the research. Explain the choices behind case study organisations or locations, as well as sampling strategies or particular computer-based techniques.

Rationale  - contextualise your questions/aims in a broader field of study, identifying the main literature that you are addressing. You need to explain why your research questions/hypotheses are important and topical.

Project management  – You don’t need to produce a detailed time plan because research projects evolve. However, it is extremely useful to explain in general terms what you are proposing to do, and when, in order to get a sense of the scale of the task. This is especially important if you are proposing to undertake case study work or fieldwork.

Ethics  – Almost inevitably your research will raise some ethical issues and you should aspire to conduct your research with the highest ethical standards.

Health and safety  – All types of research have implications for health and safety, albeit some types of work are more risky than others. Where appropriate your proposal should seek to identify any issues and explain how you may address them.

References  – Please enter a reference list using Harvard Notation. It is useful for potential supervisors to better understand the breadth and depth of your reading to date.

Appendices  – These are a useful way of including additional supporting material while keeping the main body of the proposal succinct.

Timeline  – You don’t need to produce a detailed time plan, but it is helpful to provide a summary of what you are planning to do and when. You will be expected to submit your thesis within three years (six years for part-time students) so it is important you have a feasible timeline. This section is especially important if you are proposing to undertake case study work or fieldwork. Bibliography  – a short bibliography of relevant works in your research area.

Guidelines and advice

How long should a good research proposal be?

A good research proposal is as long as it takes, but a guide would be 1,500-2,500 words. Remember that it is meant to be an accurate overview, not a thesis, so you need to provide enough detail for the reader to understand it.  A paragraph would not be enough and 5,000 words likely too much.

The '3Cs' rule

When you have written your research proposal, ask a friend to read it critically and provide you with feedback. Also, ask yourself whether it follows the '3Cs' rule:

• Clear  - is what you have written intelligible and clearly articulated?  Does it make sense, or is it vague and confusing?  Does your proposal leave the reader with a clear sense of the purpose and direction of your research project?
• Concise  -  have you written your proposal in a succinct and focused way?
• Coherent  -  does your proposal link together well so that it tells the reader a short story about what you want to do, why you want to do it and how you will do it?

If you can answer all of these questions with confidence, you have probably put together a good proposal.

Dissemination

Depending on your project and the wider field it is a part of, you may want to include a paragraph on how you would go about spreading the ideas discussed in your research to the academic community, and in some cases the organisation arranging your funding. This could be anything, from traditional sources such as publications and seminars, to more contemporary methods such as blogs, vlogs and exhibitions.

To protect yourself from accusations of plagiarism please make sure that all your references are present, correct and up-to-date at the time of submission.  In order to ensure you have correctly referenced, it is sensible to include publications in your bibliography that influenced your thoughts and arguments in any way, even if they are not quoted from directly.  If you have used quotations from other academics, please check you have used quotation marks and a citation.

6 steps to a successful research proposal

A good research proposal should not be complicated. However, it can be challenging to write and it is important to get right. A PhD is challenging, so it is good training working on your research proposal. Although there is no exact prescribed format for a general research proposal (across all subjects), a research proposal should generally include six main sections, as detailed below:

1:  A clear working title for your research project

• What will you call your project?
• What key words would describe your proposal?

2:  A clear statement about what you want to work on and why it is important, interesting, relevant and realistic

• What are your main research objectives? These could be articulated as hypotheses, propositions, research questions, or problems to solve
• What difference do you think your research will make?
• Why does this research excite you?
• What research ‘gaps’ will you be filling by undertaking your project?
• How might your research ‘add value’ to the subject?
• Is your research achievable in the time allocated? (e.g. 3 years full‐time)

3:  Some background knowledge and context of the area in which you wish to work, including key literature, key people, key research findings

• How does your work link to the work of others in the same field or related fields?
• Would your work support or contest the work of others?
• How does your work relate to the expertise within the department you are applying to?

4:  Some consideration of the methods/approach you might use

• How will you conduct your research?
• Will you use existing theories, new methods/approaches or develop new methods/approaches?
• How might you design your project to get the best results/findings?

5:  Some indication of the strategy and timetable for your research project and any research challenges you may face

• What would be the main stages of your project?
• What would you be expecting to do in each year of your PhD?
• What challenges might you encounter and how might your overcome these?

6:  A list of the key references which support your research proposal

• References should be listed in the appropriate convention for your subject area (e.g. Harvard). Such references should be used throughout your research proposal to demonstrate that you have read and understood the work of others
• Other relevant material that you are aware of, but not actually used in writing your proposal, can also be added as a bibliography

All of the above six sections are important but section 2 is particularly important because in any research project, establishing your main purpose represents the whole basis for completing the research programme. Therefore, the value of your proposed research is assessed in relation to your research aims and objectives.

Connect with us

Information for:

• Current students
• New students
• Alumni and supporters

Quick links

Streatham Campus

St Luke's Campus

Penryn Campus

Truro Campus

• Using our site
• Accessibility
• Freedom of Information
• Modern Slavery Act Statement
• Data Protection
• Copyright & disclaimer
• Privacy & cookies

Achieve Academic Excellence With Innovative Consulting Solutions and Expert Guidance From Chanakya Research for PhD and Master’s Research

Your browser does not support HTML5 video.

Chanakya Research is India's premier research consulting organization, helping PhD and Master's students achieve academic excellence through innovative and customized support services. With nearly two decades of experience, we have earned a reputation as a trusted partner in the academic community. Our team of over 500 experts comprises talented researchers, analysts, and writers, who are dedicated to maintaining the highest ethical standards and delivering affordable, effective solutions tailored to your unique needs. As a division of ELK Education Consultants Pvt Ltd, we have been serving doctoral candidates since 2006, providing expert guidance and support at every stage of their research journey.

Our PhD Services

The following preview showcases some of our most frequently requested PhD services.

Thesis Proposal Writing

Crafting a compelling thesis proposal is an essential first step in your PhD journey. If you're struggling with defining your research questions, identifying the most appropriate methodology, or putting together a persuasive argument for your thesis, we provide guidance and support to help you create a strong and effective proposal.

Data Analysis

Data analysis is a critical part of many PhD projects, but it can be time-consuming and complex. If you need help with analyzing your data, interpreting statistical results, or visualizing your findings, we provide expert support and guidance to help you make sense of your data and draw meaningful conclusions.

Proofreading

Submitting a flawless thesis is essential for success in your PhD program. However, it can be challenging to catch all of the errors and typos in your own work. Our experienced proofreaders will help you polish your writing, ensure that your arguments are clear and concise, and make sure your formatting is consistent and professional.

Our Master’s Services

The following preview showcases some of our most frequently requested Master’s services.

Literature Review

Writing a literature review is a critical component of many Master's programs. If you're struggling with identifying relevant sources, synthesizing information, or organizing your review, I can provide guidance and support to help you create a strong and effective literature review.

Software Implementations

Whether you need help with NS2, Ansys, Java/J2EE Implementation, CST Implementation, or MATLAB implementation, I can provide expert support and guidance to help you with your software implementation needs. My experience with these software programs can help you complete your Master's project with confidence.

Corrections as per Feedback

Feedback from your supervisor or committee members is essential for improving the quality of your work. As an experienced editor, I can provide comprehensive feedback on your writing and assist you with making corrections as per feedback to help you enhance the quality of your work.

Check Out Our Work Samples

Payment bank services and customer satisfaction.

• Tag : Topics
• Service : Topic Suggestions
• Area of Research : Finance
• Description : Investigating the impact of payment Bank Services on technological, personal, and environmental aspects of customer satisfaction in Germany

49455 Topic Sample by Chanakya Research

Strategic Perspective of Organizational Ambidexterity

• Tag : Proposal Synopsis
• Service : Proposal Development
• Area of Research : Strategic Perspective of Organizational Ambidexterity
• Description : Proposal has been developed in ~3500 words

45070 Propopsal (1) by Chanakya Research

Data Analysis using STATA

• Tag : STATA ANALYSIS
• Service : STATA Analysis
• Area of Research : Finance: Leverage Ratios and SMEs
• Description : Quantitative data analysis using STATA is done on financial data

STATA Analysis by Chanakya Research

Discussion and Conclusion Chapter Writing

• Tag : Discussion Chapter Conclusion Chapter
• Service : Chapter Writing
• Area of Research : Microfinance and Economic Growth
• Description : A short discussion and conclusion chapter written basis on the LR and Data analysis

Discussion and Conclusion C... by Chanakya Research

Our Commitment to Excellence

Our consultancy services are tailored to meet your unique needs and exceed your expectations.

Client Testimonials

Explore our packages, topic & proposal.

Starting At $ 350

Questionnaire.

Starting At $ 295

Thesis review.

Starting At $ 545

Journal manuscript.

Starting At $ 395

Let's chat about your academic goals.

Want to learn more about how our consultancy services can help you achieve academic success? Book a meeting with our sales consultant today! Our expert team is ready to answer your questions and guide you through the process, so you can make an informed decision about your academic journey.

© All Rights Reserved by Chanakya Research, 2011-2024

~Fair Use Policy: The papers provided by Chanakya-research.com serve as model papers for research candidates and are not to be submitted 'as is'.These papers are intended to be used for reference purposes only. Chanakya-research.com only offers consultation and research support and assistance in research design, editing and statistics~.

• Alliance of Science Organisations in Germany
• Statutory Bodies
• General Assembly
• Executive Committee
• Joint Committee
• Review Boards
• Liaison Officers
• Head Office
• Contacts A-Z
• Programme Contacts
• Berlin Office
• Executive Board
• International Cooperation
• European Research Policy
• International Activities
• Representation Abroad
• News from the Offices Abroad
• Research in Germany
• Funding Opportunities
• All Funding Programmes
• Scientific Prizes

How the DFG Supports Research Careers

• Calls for Proposals
• Funding in an International Context
• Cooperation with Individual Countries and Regions
• Research Vessel
• Things to Know about the Proposal and Funding Process
• The elan Portal
• Individual Grants Programmes – A How-To Guide
• Forms and Guidelines
• Final reports
• Subject Area Structure and Interdisciplinarity
• How does the DFG decide on funding proposals?
• Special Funding Initiatives
• Excellence Strategy
• National Research Data Infrastructure
• Funding for UAS
• Knowledge Transfer
• Refugee Researchers
• Clinician Scientist Programmes
• Artificial Intelligence Funding Initiative
• Basics and Topics
• Basics and Principles of Funding
• Equity and Diversity
• Good Research Practice
• Handling of Research Data
• Handling Security-Relevant Research
• Portal Research Integrity
• Developments within the Research System
• Digital Turn
• Academic Publishing
• Open Access
• Relevance of Diversity in Research
• Citizen Participation
• Sustainability Guide for Research Processes
• Scientific Commissions
• Health Hazards
• Food Safety
• Animal Research
• Genetic Research
• Clinical Research
• Biological Diversity
• Transformation of Agricultural and Food Systems
• Pandemic Research
• Funded Projects
• Prizewinners
• Communicator Award
• Copernicus Award
• Europa Prize
• Ursula M. Händel Prize
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
• Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize
• Albert Maucher Prize in Geoscience
• Bernd Rendel Prize
• von Kaven Award
• Current Projects and Programmes
• Collaborative Research Centres
• Research Training Groups
• Priority Programmes
• Research Units
• Clinical Research Units
• Centres for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences
• DFG Research Centres
• Clusters of Excellence
• Research Information Systems
• News and Current Topics
• Press Releases
• Information for Researchers
• Press Contact
• Facts and Figures
• Annual Report
• Funding Atlas
• Evaluation, Studies and Monitoring

Publications

• Magazine „german research"
• Statements and Position Papers
• Publications of the Commissions
• Publications by DFG Divisions
• Statistical Documentation
• Information Material

What support and funding opportunities does the DFG offer to researchers in early career phases? Where can you find important background information and helpful hints? 

This website describes your options in each phase of your early research career and offers advice for preparing your first DFG proposal.

Undergraduates

While studying, student assistants can work in knowledge-driven research projects funded by the DFG.

Research Training Groups and DFG funded research projects offer doctoral positions.

After your PhD

The DFG offers funding opportunities for independent research in early and advanced postdoc phases. 

Guidance to DFG Funding Opportunities

• In our regular info talk s online and at research institutes in Germany, we present an overview of the DFG funding opportunities for postdocs, give advice on preparing a proposal and answer your questions.
• Our how-to web page s provide insights into DFG individual grants programmes and give useful hints for preparing your first proposal to the DFG.

Video Clips

Who are the DFG-funded researchers, what is their research about and what do they say about the funding they receive? Find out in our portraying films:

Faces: The Walter Benjamin Programme of the DFG

By clicking on "Play" you agree that data will be transmitted to Google. For further information on data processing by Google, please refer to Google's privacy polic y . Information on processing by DFG and your right to revoke your declaration of consent can be found in our Privacy Polic y .

Faces: The Emmy Noether Programme of the DFG

Who can apply for funding in the Walter Benjamin Programme, what are the funding conditions, and what helps when preparing a proposal? Our video clip gives you first impressions of the programme:

Das Walter Benjamin-Programm (with English subtitles)

Dfg funding proposals: the route to a final decision.

Guidance to DFG funding opportunities for postdoc s

Ten Principles for Attractive Research Careers

The DFG has published ten "Principles of Effective Career Support in Academia" that define good support structures and conditions for researchers in early career phases in Germany.

• Principles of Effective Career Suppor t
• Infobrief "Staying in Research. Research funding and career paths: an update (1/2023) "
• Survey "Doctoral programme lengths and doctoral degrees in DFG-funded consortia (2021) "

If you have any questions on the DFG‘s research career support, please send us an e-mail:

Cookie-Settings

Cookie settings.

Our website uses cookies that are strictly necessary for its technical functionality and cookies for the collection of statistical information (analytical cookies).

Statistical analysis of how our online service is used involves use of the “Matomo” analytics service on our website. Analytical cookies help us to improve our site and to optimise it in the interest of our users. Matomo uses cookies. These are small text files that are stored on your end device and enable us to analyse your use of our website. Evaluation of how visitors use our website is conducted in an anonymised form, which merely involves recording of your IP address in an abbreviated format. This means that we can’t identify you as a user. We do not pass on your data to third parties. We store the collected information for 13 months and then delete it.

For further information on our procedures, the terminology used (such as “cookies” and “statistics”) and your rights, please refer to our Data Protection Notice .  You can use the Cookie setting s to revoke your consent to the processing of your data at any time.