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Air pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), have been well-established to impact cardiovascular and respiratory disease. This presentation will highlight research from EPA scientists that examines associations between air pollution and health impacts other than cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Some of these health impacts include reproductive, pregnancy, and birth outcomes; child and developmental health; nervous system, cognitive, and mental health; metabolic, liver, and kidney diseases; cancers; and interactions and modifiers of associations.

Presenter Bios

Kristen Rappazzo, EPA Office of Research and Development

Kristen Rappazzo is a research epidemiologist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development. Her research covers several environmental topic areas including air pollution; climate-related factors and events; interactions between chemical and non-chemical stressors (including social, built, and natural environments); and mixtures. While largely focused on reproductive and children’s health, she has also studied mortality, hospitalizations, and cancer. In addition to research, she has contributed to government assessments of criteria air pollutants and PFAS for reproductive and developmental outcomes. Kristen earned her MPH in environmental and occupational health from Drexel University and her PhD in epidemiology from UNC-Chapel Hill.

Anne Weaver, EPA Office of Research and Development

Anne Weaver is an environmental epidemiologist at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development. She joined EPA in 2017 as a federal postdoc and in 2019 as a staff scientist. Her research has focused on health impacts of air pollution and extreme heat, with an emphasis on disproportionate impacts among communities with environmental justice concerns and vulnerable populations. More recent work involves engaging with communities to better understand their concerns and needs. She earned her MS and PhD in epidemiology at SUNY University at Buffalo.

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Air pollution and health: an introduction for health workers

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All health workers would benefit from gaining knowledge and skills to protect individuals and communities from air pollution exposure. This course examines the main health impacts of air pollution and which roles health workers can play to protect and promote people’s health.

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Course information

Air pollution is a major environmental risk causing about 7 million premature deaths per year. These deaths are mostly caused from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) – such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer – but also from acute lower respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia.

To date, air pollution – and more broadly environmental health – is not sufficiently addressed in the curricula of health professionals. Yet, the engagement of the health sector and the health community is pivotal to boost advocacy and political action for clean air. This requires a strong effort by governments and civil society willing to increase the awareness of current and future health workers to tackle the health effects of air pollution.

The target audience for this course is health workers which includes care-givers such as medical doctors, nurses, midwives, community health workers, and future health care professionals, as well as public health professionals and other representatives of the ministries of health.

This course is part of a broader set of material, the Air Pollution and Health Training Toolkit for health worker (APHT) .

Course duration

Approximately 4 hours.

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An official Certificate of Achievement , issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), will be available to participants who score at least 80% in the final assessment.

Participants receiving a certificate of achievement can also download an Open Badge for this course. Click here to learn how.

© World Health Organization 2023. All rights reserved. This online training was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is intended to be used as a self-learning course. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this training. However, the online training is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the online training lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific projects or entities does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

What you'll learn

• describe what are the main air pollutants and their sources;
• describe how humans are exposed to air pollutants;
• explain the main health effects of air pollution and which are the populations at higher risk;
• recognize the health benefit of both ambient and household air pollution interventions at the population and individual level;
• outline the leading role health workers can play to address air pollution and health issues with individuals, patients, and communities.

Course contents

Course introduction:, module 1: outdoor (ambient) air pollution:, module 2: household air pollution:, module 3: health effects of air pollution:, module 4: the role of health care workers:, assessment and evaluation, acknowledgements, bibliography, enroll me for this course, certificate requirements.

• Gain a Record of Achievement by earning at least 80% of the maximum number of points from all graded assignments.
• Gain an Open Badge by completing the course.

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RespiraMi IV international seminar. Recent advances on air pollution and health

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Respirami IV International Seminar Recent Advances on Air Pollution and Health

Milan, italy, 17th-18th june, 2022.

Scientific Directors: Prof. Francesco Forastiere Prof. Sergio A. Harari Prof. Michal Krzyzanowski Prof. Pier Mannuccio Mannucci

Air pollution is one of the most important risk factors for global morbidity, disability and mortality. Because a huge number of individuals are currently exposed to this risk in high-income as well as in low-income countries, the health care and public health dimensions of its consequences are impressive, considering that, according to global data stemming concordantly from WHO and the Global Burden of Disease epidemiological study, at least 7 million premature deaths are due to ambient and household air pollution. With this background, together with the team of epidemiologists from Lazio (led by Francesco Forastiere and Massimo Stafoggia) plus a former staff member of WHO (Michal Krzyzanowski), first in 2015 we chose to organize every three years an independent international seminar called RespiraMi, with the goal to gather the most distinguished global experts and prompt them to present their recent and mostly unpublished data on the progress of science towards tackling the global issue of outdoor and indoor air pollution. The fourth 2022 edition and scientific program of the Seminar (RespiraMi 4) enlists a faculty of speakers from four continents (Europe, North America and Asia), who will put special emphasis on the effects of air pollution on the weakest groups of world citizens: the newborn, pregnant women, older and poorest people, as well as on the growing evidence that air pollution is a cause of most common, growing and devastating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson and dementia. The 2022 International Seminar “Recent Advances on Air Pollution and Health” will be organized as a hybrid event lasting two days in Milan, on June 17 and 18, in order to provide insights not only on the current state of the art but also a look on to the future of air quality and related research efforts. Session 1 will summarize the new and recent evidence that prompted WHO to release the updated Air Quality Guidelines (AQG), designed to preserve better than the previous guidelines health state of citizens of the whole world on the basis of new evidence on the deleterious effects even of low levels of pollutants. The session will also offer new evidence on the effects on health of specific pollutants such as NO2 and biomass burning emissions. Session 2 will deal with new aspects pertaining to several damages of air pollution on human health, with special emphasis on outcomes such as mental health and cognitive development as well as on pregnancy complications. Session 3 will offer a systematic review of selected effects of traffic-related air pollution, with special emphasis on mortality but also on morbidity for cardiovascular and respiratory disease and on birth outcomes. Session 4 will provide new evidence on the beneficial effects of greenness and how to best design the ecosystem service of trees and ornamental potted plants in order to reduce indoor and outdoor pollution. Session 5 deals with the burden of diseases stemming from major air pollution sources, with specific evidence from highly polluted countries from the third world such as India, Nigeria and Ghana. Session 6 will tackle the formidable challenges warranted to achieve a cleaner air and illustrate in this context the European Green Deal program, as well as the ongoing plan to update the European air quality legislation. Session 7 will feature the current burden of air pollution in Italy and the role of Italian researchers from the Network on Environment and Health, and will also feature the impact on ambient air pollution of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions in Milan and Rome. Finally, Session 8 will be based on a panel discussion addressing the questions of future planning of research on air pollution, and we expect to get comments and suggestions by the live but also remote audience to the Seminar. Interested participants, both in presence and at distance, should get registered at Fondazione Menarini, but registration is free of charge.

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• On July 10, 2021

Air Pollution PPT | Free Download | 17 Slides

Table of contents.

To live, we need to breathe. To breathe, we need fresh air. Fresh air is one of the basic and essential things we need to live on earth. Fresh air is equally important to every one us as food and water. Even plants need oxygen to convert food into energy. From these things, we can understand the importance of oxygen and fresh air. A place without oxygen will be a dead zone with no humans, animals, and plants. Without oxygen, nobody can survive on earth.

All these facts point the fingers at the importance of keeping air pollution-free. But the truth is, the air is getting polluted at a massive rate every day. There are hundreds of causes. In these, there are some which are very harmful to us. But how can we reduce the rate of air pollution? Well, there are different ways that we could try to stop air pollution. Before that, let us find out what are the utmost causes of air pollution. Here are they. 

What Do We Mean By Air Pollution?

It’s simple. Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air like Nitrogen Oxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon Dioxide, Sulphur Oxide, dioxins, and other harmful gases. Once these gases are released, they become a colossal threat to the environment and human health.

How Do We Know the Quality of Air?

The purity of air measured using an AQI thermometer that runs on a scale from 0 to 500. The AQI refers to Air Quality Index. It measures how pure or polluted the surrounding air is. If the numeric value on the scale is between 0-50, the quality of the surrounding air is considered healthy and satisfactory. As the values increase, the quality of the air decreases. If AQI is showing a value of 500, that means you are standing in a hazardous surrounding. Have a look at the AQI chart below for more details.

Major Causes Of Air Pollution

It is well known to everyone how air pollution happens. It happens in many ways. Sometimes careless and reckless human activities lead to the major reasons for air pollution. Even though, here are some of the common causes of air pollution.

Burning of Plastic Wastes.

How do we avoid plastics from our houses? Either we throw them or light them up, right? These careless acts will lead to the worst pollution ever. Burning them releases toxic gases like dioxins, furans, mercury, and polychlorinated. These gases are a threat to the atmosphere, vegetation, humans, and animal health. If we throw them out, they can remain in the soil for 20-500 years before fully decomposing based on the material and structure. Over these years, it pollutes the soil and harms the earth. 

So, burning and throwing plastic does not work and leads to air pollution or soil pollution in the long term perspective. Then what will we do? Well, we can recycle and reuse plastic to an extent. But once the plastic is melted and reformed into new products, the quality of plastic gets reduced. In addition, the quality of plastic will keep reducing with every successive recycling. Furthermore, recycling is limited to a number 3 or 4 times because of the quality compromise of plastic. 

In fact, we only have a limited number of opportunities in the case of plastic. Either we reduce the use of plastic or recycle and reuse them as much as we can. 

Limiting the use of plastic seems more practical and smooth in our day-to-day life. There are many instances where we can reduce the use of plastic. Here are some of the tracts where we can instantly act to limit the usages of plastic

• Use cloth bags instead of plastics bags while going to the shops.
• Use paper plates and tumblers instead of plastic ones when you arrange a tea party or get-togethers. 
• Use paper straws in restaurants and coffee shops.
• Use paper bottled soft drinks.

There are more and more situations where we can reduce the unnecessary use of plastic covers and materials. It can turn out well when more people come forward with the same mindset of bringing down plastic use. 

Are there any alternatives for plastic?

Yes, there are. But literally, there are no materials with the exact matching properties with plastic. For instance, properties like durability, strength, water-resistant, lightweight, and inexpensive are rare to find in materials without polymer as an ingredient. Scientists and researchers are trying to formulate materials with the matching properties as plastic but with less pollution.

As said earlier, there are many instances where we can reduce the use of plastic and always try to avoid it as much as we can. Even if they are baby steps towards reducing plastic, take it and help our environment. Moreover, be a part of keeping the city and your premises clean.

Industrial Emission

Industries play a colossal role in all kinds of pollutions. They contribute almost one-third to the overall when we compare industrial pollution with other causes. Industries will be the 2nd largest cause of air pollution, water pollution, and sound pollution. Pollutants like carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide are released when they operate factories and industries. The volume of pollutants released into the atmosphere is way more than we imagine and the problems they can make are huge.

It is necessary to know where the pollution happens and who pollutes the air the most. Studies say that industries that produce electricity pollute the atmosphere more than any other industry.

A considerable amount of pollutants is kicked from the industries when the continuous burning of fossil fuels happened. These emitted gases make the most of the troubles to the ozone layer and cause ozone layer depletion. We need both electricity and the earth. We can not avoid one or the other for any reason. The only way is to protect both without harming each other. The only solution for this will be the rise of green energy. Only the challenge facing is the continuous supply of energy. Green energy like solar and wind are very cost-effective and pollution-free when comparing to the traditional ones.

Each and every individual can contribute and can be a part of saving the earth from air pollution and global warming. Switch to green energy as much as we can and reduce the consumption of traditional electricity from the government or private companies. Nowadays, everybody has inverters in the home as a standard facility. It will not cost you much to connect 2 or 3 solar panels to the battery and save 60% power usage from the traditional electric supply.

How can we reduce industrial air pollution?

As we said earlier, industries and factories are essential for the growth of the people and nation. We can’t stop factories in the name of air pollution. What we can do is, we can find some ways to reduce the amount of air pollution. For instance, we should try to convert these harmful gases to regular gases with the help of proper techniques and setups.

Most importantly, people living near industrial areas are very likely to have many allergies and lung diseases. Always wear a mask when you are going out or going near industrial and factory areas. If you are working in an industrial area, always wear a mask and other safety gear to ensure maximum safety.

Wildfires can take place at any time. It is an unplanned and uncontrolled fire caused by lightning strikes. As the name says, it occurs largely in forest areas. Mostly, the lighting strikes on the trees, branches, dry grass, and then the fire is generated. Eventually, this fire will spread to other trees, branches, and grasses and becomes wildfires, and causes air pollution.

Wildfires are common forested areas of the United States and Canada. It is one of the causes of air pollution, deforestation, and animal extinction. In a wildfire, many animals lose their lives and shelter. Some get burns and wounds in the running through the wildfire. 

All these will continue until fire settles down. Sometimes it takes 2-3 days to settle down completely. But in the end, we lose animals, trees, the environment, and what not?

Also, sometimes the causes of wildfire can be different. Sometimes it happens due to the carelessness of people living around the forest. For instance, even trash burning and campfires can spread fire if not concerned well. So it is always recommended to take precautions while doing wildfire potential activities.

Wildfires get worse when unattended. If you notice any fires or burns that need attention, call the authorities. Sometimes the fire can be controlled before getting worse.

Transportation

Transportation holds a neck-to-neck position with industries in the rate of air pollution. As we all know, the number of vehicles on the road is increasing day by day. Just look around, we could see houses with more than three vehicles even if they don’t need all of them. As the number of vehicles increases, the rate of pollution also tends to be increased. Old model vehicles are more likely to produce more pollution than new ones. Because when the vehicles get older and older, the amount of carbon emission increases. The rate of pollution is still on the rise even after the government and authorities made pollution laws strict. 

Every country has its own vehicle emission standards or norms for the safety of the environment and people living in the country. But still, transportation holds the position for the majority of air pollutions happening around the world.

How can we reduce pollution caused by vehicles?

Earlier, it was challenging to find an alternative for fuels like petrol or diesel. Right now, technology has improved – researchers found a better alternative solution for the petrol and diesel engines for automobiles. Yes, they are EV’s. Electric vehicles are completely different from traditional vehicles. They are pollution-free and highly efficient than fuel engines. Electric vehicles can be charged from the house or charging stations in and around the city. EV’s have 5x efficiency more than the regular diesel or petrol-fueled automobiles and 4x lesser reduced pollution.

EV’s are on the rise. By 2025, at least 50% of the new vehicles coming out from the factories will be electric vehicles. It will seriously help to reduce the rate of pollution to some extend. People will switch to EV’s when companies launch better models with luxury and comfort.

It may sound crazy to most of us. But think about walking a little every day and avoid taking cars or bikes for smaller distances. Or, use a bicycle to travel nearby. It will help us to improve both our health and the earth’s health.

What are the health issues due to air pollution?

The quality of the air we breathe is very crucial. Poor quality can cause many health diseases in both adults and kids. Especially to the people living in cities, the chances of getting a disease like heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and acute lower respiratory infections are very high.

Long-term exposure to polluted air in kids can lead to loss of lung capacity, asthma and emphysema. In addition, senior citizens are more likely to get allergies and breathing difficulties since they are less immune to the conditions. As a precaution to all of these, we can wear a mask while going out and traveling. If you are living in a highly polluted area, consider buying an air purifier for your home. An air purifier can help to improve the quality of air by filtering and thereby enabling a healthy environment inside our home for everyone.

How does air pollution affect environmental health?

The toxic gases also affect the environment in the same way. As the amount of harmful gases increases in the earth, the uncertainty of the environment’s health also increases. Changes in climates like temperature hikes, monsoon pattern shifts, and unexpected cyclones are a few examples. In these, ozone layer depletion is being the most complicated one.

We already know what is an ozone layer, and whats does it do? Let’s recall them for a while. The ozone layer is a part of the earth’s atmosphere, and it absorbs almost all of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet light. Guess what will happen when the ozone layer gets holes. All the harmful rays will fall into the animals, plants, and people on earth through the ozone layer holes. Studies say that by 2064 the ozone layer concentration levels may come to zero if the rate of pollution continues invariably. If that happens, the earth will not be a suitable place to live. The fun factor is, we don’t have any space other than earth to live right now. So, we have to protect the planet from being a desert.

Day by day, the rate of pollution is increasing. The hard truth is, nobody is really caring about the future of our planet. Even the government and authorities are keeping their eyes closed on social issues like global warming, air pollution, and soil erosion. If it keeps going like this, the earth will become uninhabitable.

Protecting the earth from pollutions is not deputed on somebody else. Each one of us should take responsibility and behave sensibly to protect the earth from pollution.

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Introduction to Air Pollution

Jul 26, 2014

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Introduction to Air Pollution. John Atkinson and Dr. Mark Rood Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL , USA [email protected] and [email protected] Lecture 3 (of 3)

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Presentation Transcript

Introduction to Air Pollution John Atkinson and Dr. Mark Rood Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL, USA [email protected] and [email protected] Lecture 3 (of 3) February 8th, 2013 Disclaimer: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number 10-34470. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Outline Important Air Quality Regulations Clean Air Act and Amendments Others Methods for Quantifying Pollutants Air Pollution Control Field Trip to Bondville Atmospheric Environmental Research Station (BEARS) Summary

Air Pollutant Regulations • Regulations Prior to 1970 (1955, 1963, 1967) • Provided funds to research air pollution monitoring and abatement techniques • Began to develop emission inventories for select pollutants

Air Pollutant Regulations • Clean Air Act (1970) – Created federal regulations on emissions for select contaminants from stationary and mobile sources • National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) • State Implementation Plans (SIP) • New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) • National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) • Contributed to the development of the US EPA • Small amendments made in 1977

Air Pollutant Regulations • Clean Air Act Amendments (1977) – Updates to the previous CAAA that address specific air quality issues • States must submit revised SIPs • Classification of areas with respect to NAAQS • Establish policies for non-attainment areas • New major facilities must apply specific standards • Good Engineering Practice for stack height

Air Pollutant Regulations • Clean Air Act Amendments (1990) – Updates to the initial Clean Air Act that address specific problems and increased ability to control and detect pollutants • Control of Acid Rain • Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants • Control of Ozone Depleting Chemicals • New Requirements for Motor Vehicles • New Permitting Requirements for Sources

National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Standards set for the six criteria air pollutants • Primary Standard – Protection of health • Secondary Standard – Protection of welfare • Pollutant Concentrations • Averaging Times – Average pollutant concentration during a given amount of time (to remove outliers)

National Ambient Air Quality Standards Source: US EPA

Monitoring/Measuring Air Pollutants • What Effects an Air Pollutant’s Concentration? • Location of Source Compared to Receptor (x, y, z) • Type of Source (stationary, mobile, area) • Source Strength • Atmospheric Conditions • Wind Speed/Direction • Precipitation • Atmospheric Stability

Gaussian Dispersion Model Determining contaminant concentrations resulting from a stationary pollutant source… Q = Source Strength (mass / time) ug = Wind Speed (length / time) σy and σz= Parameters Describing the Weather Conditions (length) (x, y, z) = Position of Interest H = Height of Pollutant Source (length)

Atmospheric Conditions Impact Pollutant Dispersion

Radioactive Materials from Fukushima Detected at Sites in the USA Weatherbee, et al., Environmental Science and Technology, 2012

Radiation Dispersion (and decay) from the Chernobyl Disaster Bq/m3 of 137Cs Bq = Becquerel (SI Unit for Radioactivity) Quelo, et al., Atmospheric Environment, 2007

Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Abbott Power Plant µg/m3 • AERMOD model from EPA

Types of Air Pollutant Monitoring Outdoor Ambient Monitoring is the systematic, long-term assessment of pollutant levels by measuring the quantity and types of pollutants in the outdoor air. Emissions Measurement is the process of monitoring particulate and gaseous emissions from specific sources.

National Trends Network Measurement Sites http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/lib/manuals/opman.pdf IL 11 = Bondville, IL – Tour of this site next week!

Ambient Atmospheric Sampling at Bondville Environmental Atmospheric Research Site

Ambient Atmospheric Sampling at Bondville Environmental Atmospheric Research Site • Basic Air Quality • Sulfur dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, organics • Precipitation Chemistry • Major ions, mercury, event based longer term sampling • Long-Term Climate • National Weather Service site • On-Site Meteorology • Wind velocity, air and soil temperatures, dew point temperature, pressure, radiation • Atmospheric Visibility • Solar Physics • Continuous Particulate Monitoring using Chromatographic Methods

Sampling Platforms – Ships NOAA Research Vessel: Ronald H. Brown http://www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/

Sampling Platforms – Aircraft NOAA DHC-6 Twin Otter Aircraft http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/20090112_twinotter.html Satellites Balloon http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/weather-balloon-data http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/earthweek.html

Sampling Platforms – Personal Samplers http://www.munroinstruments.co.uk/Environmental/contents/en-us/d27_Standard_Personal_Air_Samplers.html

Stack Sampling

Air Pollution Control • Major Techniques • Adsorption – Adhesion of a contaminant to the surface of a solid • Volatile Organic Compounds • Mercury • Absorption – Concentration of a contaminant into the bulk of another solid or liquid • Sulfur Dioxide • Carbon Dioxide (?) • Filtration – Removing solids/liquids from a gas stream by imposing an impenetrable barrier • Particulate Matter • Catalytic Destruction – Conversion of a contaminant to an inert compound via catalytic processes • Nitrogen Oxides (Catalytic Reduction to N2)

Next Week… (Thursday) • Tour of Bondville Environmental and Atmospheric Research Site (BEARS)

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Introduction to Air Pollution. John Atkinson and Dr. Mark Rood Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] and [email protected] Lecture 1 (of 3) February 5 th , 2013.

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Air Quality Action Forum Annual Conference

• Event Summary

Air pollution is a multifaceted issue in India with far-reaching impacts on public health, agriculture, climate, ecosystems, heritage, and economic productivity. It's also a leading cause of death and disease worldwide. Recognizing the urgent need for a global approach to tackling this problem, the UN Environment Programme, in partnership with the Paytm Foundation, has launched the Air Quality Action Forum (AQAF) - a groundbreaking platform bringing together stakeholders from diverse sectors, including the corporate sector, expert institutions, international development agencies, philanthropic organizations, and the UN system, to support the Government of India in its efforts to improve air quality and management. The AQAF aims to collectively address the challenges posed by air pollution and pave the way towards a cleaner, healthier future.

In line with the Government of India's vision to address air quality, the first annual conference of the AQAF was held on 27-28 February 2023 in New Delhi, India. The conference presented the findings from a needs assessment and discussed the establishment of a resource center to support the National Clean Air Program's implementation. The conference was a step forward in achieving the AQAF's goal of providing a collective approach to improving air quality in India.

Day 1: Forum Convention.

Sessions focused on:

• Review of recommendations from stakeholder consultations that have happened under the banner of AQAF during its inception year, and forms the backbone of the soon to Needs Assessment Report (NAR)
• Discussion on the Resource Centre and its establishment, which is going to be one of the main components for AQAF’s future work plan, and the main outlet for AQAF’s government engagement.

Day 2: Solutions for Clean Air.

Sessions focused on spotlighting good practices on air quality management in the:

• Industry sector
• Transport sector
• IT solutions

27 Feb 2023

28 feb 2023.

Event Summary: Air Quality Action Forum Annual Conference  

Air pollution is a major global health concern, with complex sources and multiple pollutants spreading across regions and various sectors, making mitigation a significant challenge.  

Air pollution in India is caused by multiple sources – from residential cooking and heating, transportation, industries, power plants, agriculture, waste disposal, generators to construction and road dust. Additionally, seasonal stubble burning exacerbates the issue, creating a pressing challenge for the government to formulate action plans to address the year-round and seasonal air pollution over the last three decades.  

The UN Environment Programme and Paytm Foundation have launched the Air Quality Action Forum (AQAF), a unique platform aimed at tackling air pollution collaboratively. Bringing together stakeholders from the corporate sector, expert institutions, international agencies, and UN entities, AQAF supports India's efforts towards inclusive air quality management. 

The AQAF Annual Conference, held on 27-28 February 2023 in New Delhi, focused on identifying opportunities to strengthen air quality management in India. Over 150 participants attended, showing strong support for improving air quality and reaffirming their commitment to reducing air pollution for the benefit of every citizen. 

"India's air pollution is a complex and multi-sectoral issue that transcends jurisdictional boundaries. It requires focused efforts and a holistic approach that leverages the synergy of all stakeholders. This is the need of the hour," stated Mr. Atul Bagai, Head of UNEP in India. 

During the conference, Mr. Shombi Sharp, UN Resident Coordinator in India, emphasized that clean air is a basic human right. He further added that, as air pollution emanates from various sources without respect for borders, effective responses to this issue must also involve multiple stakeholders across several sectors.  

"At Paytm Foundation, we are committed to creating a better India through our financial inclusion initiatives and impact-driven work to reduce air pollution across the country. We believe that a united and inclusive approach is necessary to drive clean air initiatives and improve the quality of the air we breathe," said Vijay Shekhar Sharma, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Paytm. 

The Annual Conference was in line with the Indian government's vision for improving air quality. Key findings from the Needs Assessment were shared, highlighting gaps and opportunities in air quality management. The Resource Centre was introduced as a response to these challenges, and industry, transport, and air quality technology platforms were discussed as specific solutions. 

“To combat the air pollution crisis, our first step must be to establish clear targets for reducing air pollution levels in India's 21 most polluted cities, and then take concerted action towards achieving those targets. Leveraging data for effective governance and monitoring of air pollution will be key in driving the necessary transformations towards cleaner air and a healthier future for all,” concluded Shri Amitabh Kant, G20 Sherpa of India, in his closing remarks. 

The two-day conference brought to light a number of recommendations that have the potential to significantly enhance air quality management in India. These include: 

Capacity enhancement for regulators to improve analytical and quality assurance and control capabilities 

Support for air quality management within the Micro Small and Medium Enterprises sector 

Enhanced financing of various government initiatives and sub-initiatives 

Development of a country-specific repository of Best Available Techniques for emissions prevention and control 

Development of a national-level repository for all air quality management projects 

Establishment of Information Centers for enhanced information dissemination 

Updating City Master Plans to include air quality considerations 

Improving monitoring and reporting frameworks for sectoral initiatives 

Adopting a two-pronged mitigation strategy to ensure climate co-benefits 

Undertaking annual air quality assessments for better policy and decision-making 

Developing and implementing a robust framework for assessing the techno-economic feasibility of air quality measures 

Mainstreaming Decision Support Systems for states and cities 

Developing criteria for assessing, reporting, and rating businesses with green practices on air pollution and climate footprints 

Including human and ecosystem health aspects in the existing air quality regulatory framework 

Ensuring a robust mechanism for performance-based funds allocation to states and urban local bodies 

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• Biology Article

Air Pollution Control

Air pollution & its control, air pollution definition.

“Air Pollution is the release of pollutants such as gases, particles, biological molecules, etc. into the air that is harmful to human health and the environment.”

Air Pollution Diagram

Table of Contents

What is Air Pollution?

Types of air pollutants, primary pollutants, secondary pollutants, causes of air pollution.

Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which affects plants, animals and humans drastically.

There is a certain percentage of gases present in the atmosphere. An increase or decrease in the composition of these gases is harmful to survival. This imbalance in the gaseous composition has resulted in an increase in earth’s temperature, which is known as global warming.

There are two types of air pollutants:

The pollutants that directly cause air pollution are known as primary pollutants. Sulphur-dioxide emitted from factories is a primary pollutant.

The pollutants formed by the intermingling and reaction of primary pollutants are known as secondary pollutants. Smog, formed by the intermingling of smoke and fog, is a secondary pollutant.

Also Read:  Water Pollution

Following are the important causes of air pollution:

Burning of Fossil Fuels

The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large amount of sulphur dioxide. Carbon monoxide released by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels also results in air pollution.

Automobiles

The gases emitted from vehicles such as jeeps, trucks, cars, buses, etc. pollute the environment. These are the major sources of greenhouse gases and also result in diseases among individuals.

Agricultural Activities

Ammonia is one of the most hazardous gases emitted during agricultural activities. The insecticides, pesticides and fertilisers emit harmful chemicals in the atmosphere and contaminate it.

Factories and Industries

Factories and industries are the main source of carbon monoxide, organic compounds, hydrocarbons and chemicals. These are released into the air, degrading its quality.

Mining Activities

In the mining process, the minerals below the earth are extracted using large pieces of equipment. The dust and chemicals released during the process not only pollute the air, but also deteriorate the health of the workers and people living in the nearby areas.

Domestic Sources

The household cleaning products and paints contain toxic chemicals that are released in the air. The smell from the newly painted walls is the smell of the chemicals present in the paints. It not only pollutes the air but also affects breathing.

Effects of Air Pollution

The hazardous effects of air pollution on the environment include:

Air pollution has resulted in several respiratory disorders and heart diseases among humans. The cases of lung cancer have increased in the last few decades. Children living near polluted areas are more prone to pneumonia and asthma. Many people die every year due to the direct or indirect effects of air pollution.

Global Warming

Due to the emission of greenhouse gases, there is an imbalance in the gaseous composition of the air. This has led to an increase in the temperature of the earth. This increase in earth’s temperature is known as global warming . This has resulted in the melting of glaciers and an increase in sea levels. Many areas are submerged underwater.

The burning of fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in the air. The water droplets combine with these pollutants, become acidic and fall as acid rain which damages human, animal and plant life.

Ozone Layer Depletion

The release of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is the major cause of depletion of the ozone layer. The depleting ozone layer does not prevent the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from the sun and causes skin diseases and eye problems among individuals. Also Read:  Ozone Layer Depletion

Effect on Animals

The air pollutants suspend in the water bodies and affect aquatic life. Pollution also compels the animals to leave their habitat and shift to a new place. This renders them stray and has also led to the extinction of a large number of animal species.

Following are the measures one should adopt, to control air pollution:

Avoid Using Vehicles

People should avoid using vehicles for shorter distances. Rather, they should prefer public modes of transport to travel from one place to another. This not only prevents pollution, but also conserves energy.

Energy Conservation

A large number of fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity. Therefore, do not forget to switch off the electrical appliances when not in use. Thus, you can save the environment at the individual level. Use of energy-efficient devices such as CFLs also controls pollution to a greater level.

Use of Clean Energy Resources

The use of solar, wind and geothermal energies reduce air pollution at a larger level. Various countries, including India, have implemented the use of these resources as a step towards a cleaner environment.

Other air pollution control measures include:

• By minimising and reducing the use of fire and fire products.
• Since industrial emissions are one of the major causes of air pollution, the pollutants can be controlled or treated at the source itself to reduce its effects. For example, if the reactions of a certain raw material yield a pollutant, then the raw materials can be substituted with other less polluting materials.
• Fuel substitution is another way of controlling air pollution. In many parts of India, petrol and diesel are being replaced by CNG – Compressed Natural Gas fueled vehicles. These are mostly adopted by vehicles that aren’t fully operating with ideal emission engines.
• Although there are many practices in India, which focus on repairing the quality of air, most of them are either forgotten or not being enforced properly. There are still a lot of vehicles on roads which haven’t been tested for vehicle emissions.
• Another way of controlling air pollution caused by industries is to modify and maintain existing pieces of equipment so that the emission of pollutants is minimised.
• Sometimes controlling pollutants at the source is not possible. In that case, we can have process control equipment to control the pollution.
• A very effective way of controlling air pollution is by diluting the air pollutants.
• The last and the best way of reducing the ill effects of air pollution is tree plantation. Plants and trees reduce a large number of pollutants in the air. Ideally, planting trees in areas of high pollution levels will be extremely effective.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the major cause of air pollution, how air pollution causes global warming, what is acid rain name the gases responsible for acid rain., deforestation is a major reason for air pollution. explain..

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Home / Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates for Business And Google Slides / Free Air Pollution PPT Template and Google Slides

Free Air Pollution PPT Template and Google Slides

About the Template

Lay your hands on air pollution and educate your audience about how air pollutants harm human health and the environment with this free air pollution ppt template & Google slides .

Download our free air pollution Google Slides free templates and elevate your environmental presentations. This professionally designed and visually stunning template is your key to crafting a professional, impactful presentation on the pressing issue of environmental pollution.

Key Features of this Free Air Pollution PowerPoint presentation templates

• Captivating Design: Consequences of air pollution can be adverse. Our free pollution template uses interesting visuals and illustrations that make the teaching on pollution more interesting and easier to understand. It’s the perfect canvas for your message, making your presentation look clean, polished and professional.
• Environmental Focus: This pollution theme infographic template focuses on environmental conservation. This collection of infographics helps you create a presentation on environmental pollution, from its causes to its impact, you can provide a comprehensive overview of this critical issue, educating and raising awareness effectively.
• Easy to Edit: Whether you’re a seasoned presentation pro or a novice it doesn’t make a difference, our premium style awesome pollution presentation templates are editable and easy to customize allowing for easy customization to match your brand or style preferences. Change background color, and fonts, add icon, images, content and effect, etc.
• Download for Free:  This creative pollution Google Slides themes and PowerPoint template is available as a free download, making it accessible to anyone committed to addressing environmental pollution. Use it to champion environmental causes and advocate for change.

This best air pollution infographic creatively picturizes the concept of air pollution and includes stunning graphics using which you can elaborate on the subject in the most visually appealing way. It’s never too late to make changes that will improve the quality of the air you breathe! So what are you waiting for? Get this unique template ppt on air pollution and start creating awesome presentations on the conservation of air.

By downloading our Free Air Pollution Google slides and PowerPoint Template, one can craft an education lesson that highlights the importance of environmental protection and educates on different types of pollution of that. Join us in the fight against environmental pollution, one compelling presentation at a time.

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Air Pollution PPT and PDF for Free Download

Air Pollution PPT Presentation and PDF for Free Download: Air plays a vital role not only in nature but also in the lives of human beings and all living organisms; around 18,000 distinct species need air. Living organisms can survive without water for some time but cannot survive without air because when we breathe then we intake oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide, if this procedure does not take place then it is difficult to survive.

Well, now we have known the importance of air but due to activities of human beings contaminants are added to the air and this is known as air pollution. The atmosphere that we have today is very much distinct when compared with the atmosphere before 1760 i.e. before the industrial revolution.

Greenhouse Effect PPT and PDF Free Download

Air Pollution PPT Presentation and PDF for Free Download

If a pure and natural atmosphere is considered to be clean then in the present condition we cannot find a natural atmosphere because chemical contents in the atmosphere are enhanced. For example, the content of carbon dioxide in the natural atmosphere was 280ppm and now in the current atmosphere it is 370.0^3ppm, likewise, methane was 0.750ppm and at present, it is 1.77^4ppm, nitrous oxide was 0.270ppm and now it is 0.318^5ppm. To give a precise meaning of air pollution is a complex thing and can state that pollution began to include in the air when human beings started burning fuels.

In other words, we can state air pollution as man-made emissions or anthropogenic emissions into the air because emissions made by man change the natural atmosphere’s chemical composition. Enhancement in global concentrations of gasses of greenhouse like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide is also known as air pollution. We can purify the above statement by considering man-made emissions of hazardous chemicals as air pollution but this consideration has an adverse effect too.

Water Pollution Seminar Pdf Report with PPT

Primary Pollutants and Secondary Pollutants:

Basically, contaminants are of two types and they are as follows:

• Primary contaminants
• Secondary contaminants

Primary contaminants: primary contaminants are substances which are directly released into air from sources. The important primary contaminants which are hazardous in high amount are as follows:

• Carbon compounds
• Sulfur compounds
• Nitrogen compounds
• Halogen compounds
• Aerosols or particulate matter are divided into following groups depending upon their diameter:
• Inhalable are particles which are less than 100 microns and these particles can comfortably enter via nose and mouth.
• Thoracic are particles which are less than 10 microns and these particles can enter deep in respiratory system.
• Respirable are particles which are less than 4 microns.
• There are particles which are less than 2.5 microns and 0.1 microns.

POLLUTION PPT and PDF Free Download

Secondary contaminants or pollutants: secondary contaminants or pollutants are not directly released from sources but instead of this, they are formed in atmosphere from primary contaminants and secondary pollutants are also called as precursors. The important secondary contaminants which are hazardous in high amount are as follows:

• Ozone formed from reactions of photochemical of VOCs and nitrogen oxides.
• The droplets of sulfuric acid formed from sulfur dioxide.
• The droplets of nitric acid formed from nitrogen dioxide.
• Sulfate aerosols formed from reactions of sulfuric acid droplets with ammonia.
• Nitrate aerosols formed from reactions of nitric acid droplets with ammonia.

Air Pollution Regulations:

From the last few decades, air pollution has been controlled all over the world through laws and regulations. Some of them are as follows:

• In the United States of America, Environmental Protection Agency has made few standards of air quality to secure the health of the public.
• The UN-ECE i.e. United Nations Economic Commission of Europe has made laws to decrease air pollution.
• The Clear Air Act of United States furnishes a principal framework to secure the quality of air.

Water Pollution PPT Presentation Seminar Download

Classification of Air Pollutants and their Trends:

The categories of air pollution and their trends are as follows:

• Criteria pollutants
• Toxic pollutants
• Radioactive pollutants
• Indoor pollutants

Now, let us know about criteria pollution in detail as it has few trends to explain. Criteria contaminants regulated by United States- Environmental Protection Agency and many countries are as below:

• Particulate matter particles smaller than 10µm in diameter
• Sulfur dioxide
• Nitrogen oxides
• Carbon monoxide

The following figure explains about concentrations of criteria pollutants:

Fig1: concentrations of criteria pollutants

The below diagram explains about major sources of air pollution. The diagram is as below:

Fig2: major sources of air pollution

Health Effects of Air Pollution:

Air pollution causes some health effects and those health effects are as follows:

• Irritation of eyes
• Irritation of throat and nose
• Tightness of chest
• Difficulty in breathing
• Heart problems and lung difficulties like asthma
• Enhanced risk of heart attacks

Noise Pollution PPT and Free PDF

Environmental Effects:

Along with the health effects, it also causes distinct environmental effects and those are as follows:

• Eutrophication
• Effect on wildlife
• Depletion of ozone
• Damage to crop
• Damage to forest
• Change of global climate

Content of the PPT and PDF for Air Pollution

• What is it?
• How is it measured?
• The measured pollutants
• Its effects

 Here we are giving you Air Pollution PPT Presentation with PDF. All you need to do is just click on the download link and get it.

Air Pollution PPT Free Download

Air Pollution PDF Free Download

It was all about Air Pollution PPT with PDF. If you liked it then please share it or if you want to ask anything then please hit comment button.

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Towards a Competent Public Health Workforce for Multi-Hazard Public Health Emergency Risk Management at Points of Entry in Sri Lanka & Maldives: A joint WHO-IOM training initiative

Preparing a well- trained public heath workforce to manage health emergency risks and foster inter-country cooperation for enabling compliance to International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 at airports, seaports , and onboard conveyances in Sri Lanka & Maldives through a joint WHO-IOM competency-based training.

August 2024

A landmark training on International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) core capacities at airports, seaports, and onboard conveyances – airplane and ships, concluded in Sri Lanka on Friday, 2 August 2024. The training was aimed at strengthening the competencies of public health officials in Sri Lanka and the Maldives, focusing on IHR linked legal requirements and assessments to enhance core capacities at these two types of Points of Entry (PoEs) and conveyances. This is a first-of-its-kind joint initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), exemplifying collaboration between UN agencies through sharing of expertise and resources provided by a bilateral development partner to support countries to prepare a competent national health human resource.

The training, which was held from 29 July to 2 August 2024, was supported by the Ministry of Health, Government of Sri Lanka and generously funded by the Government of Japan.

Dr. S.M. Arnold, Deputy Director General (PHS I) of the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka, highlighted the training’s significance by stating - “ The essence of this training is to ensure that personnel at our PoEs, our gateways to the world, are equipped with the necessary knowledge, skills, and tools to handle health emergencies effectively. Additionally, it seeks collaboration and information sharing among public health professionals, ensuring a more coordinated response to health threats.”

The Role of PoEs in Global Health Security

Points of entry play a crucial role in global health security as frontline defences against the spread of infectious diseases and other health threats. Effective management of these points is essential for safeguarding health of the community at both national and international scales. However, managing PoEs presents several challenges, including the need for strong cross-sectoral coordination among all stakeholders involved, adequate resources, trained PoE officials, advanced technological tools and adequate infrastructure, and the capacity to handle high volumes of travellers, conveyances and cargo efficiently. Competent personnel at PoEs are vital to respond to public health events and prevent cross-border spread of infections by implementing the core capacities of IHR (2005). Therefore, a sustainable public health system with highly qualified health and non-health personnel equipped with appropriate technical training and skills is of utmost importance.

Enhancing Knowledge and Skills

The joint WHO-IOM training aimed to strengthen the knowledge of border health officials on IHR (2005) core capacities, recent amendments to the IHR, and effective use of standard assessment tools at PoEs, with a special focus on conducting ship sanitation inspections. The training was attended by 29 public health officials, including eight from the Maldives and 21 from Sri Lanka. Four international expert trainers from a Port Health Authority of the United Kingdom and the three levels of WHO (Geneva, WHO South-East Asia Regional Office, Country Office - Timor Leste) and one observer also participated.

HE Mizukoshi Hideaki, Ambassador of Japan to Sri Lanka, emphasized Japan's commitment to supporting preparedness for future health emergencies. “As we move beyond the pandemic, Japan remains committed to supporting countries’ preparedness for future health emergencies. This training will provide valuable tools to strengthen Sri Lanka and Maldives’ public health management , improving their response to future challenges.”

Hands-On Experience

The training included both face-to-face and interactive practical sessions, allowing participants to apply their theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. The classroom component introduced participants to IHR (2005) requirements at PoEs at routine times and during public health emergencies and WHO assessment tools through presentations, exercises, and group activities. Participants then visited Bandaranaike International Airport for a simulated assessment as well as a simulated scenario on the management of public health events onboard an aircraft, and Colombo Port for a Ship Sanitation Certification inspection on board an international vessel and a simulated port health assessment. In preparation, participants were required to complete two online trainings on the WHO Ship Sanitation Inspection and Issuance of Ship Sanitation Certificate; and the WHO Public Health Event Management in Air Transport.

Perspectives of the organizing UN agencies and participants

Dr. Shalala Ahmadova, Public Health Administrator- OIC WHO Sri Lanka remarked that “This gathering signifies our collective commitment to strengthening health security and our dedication to ensuring the health and well-being of people and communities.” Similarly, Dr. Simeonette De Asis-Chief of Mission ai- IOM Sri Lanka and Maldives emphasized on the collaboration between the UN agencies “ This training is a testament to the powerful collaboration, tying our efforts with the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health has been instrumental in bringing this program to a successful conclusion.” 

Participants enthusiastically shared on how this training was beneficial for them:

  “ I was particularly impressed by how Sri Lankan port health officers meticulously inspect the food being loaded onto vessels. I’m eager to recommend this practice to my colleagues at the Health Protection Agency in the Maldives ,” said Dr. Mohamed Ahzam, Public Health Officer at the Health Protection Agency in the Maldives.

Dr. Yasoma Weerasekara, Deputy Director of Port Health in Colombo, Sri Lanka, also found the training invaluable. “It’s just been few months into my new role working for the port health office. This training has been a great learning platform for me to improve my knowledge , especially on coordination and communication and the assessments of core capacities at the ports. However, having more regional examples reflecting best practices would have made it even better ,” said Dr. Weerasekara.

Strengthening Core Capacities

A significant achievement of the training was the introduction to assessment tools aimed at strengthening core capacities at PoEs. The simulated public health capacity assessment at the airport and the simulated ship inspection and issuance of a ship sanitation certificate on board an international vessel at Colombo Port were particularly noteworthy. This training helps bolster health security capacities at PoEs, as highlighted in the WHO South-Esat Asia Regional strategic roadmap on health security and health system resilience for emergencies 2023-2027, by providing border health officials with a thorough understanding of IHR and essential core capacities and assessment tools. Such cross-country training reinforces collaboration among nations, enabling them to network effectively to manage and mitigate health risks, thereby safeguarding the well-being of everyone.

As the world continues to face emerging health threats, the role of border health officials and PoEs remains central to safeguarding global health security. Training officials stationed at PoEs to ensure compliance to IHR is crucial for this.