business plan proposal pdf in ethiopia

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BUSINESS PLAN FOR PLASTIC IN ETHIOPIA.doc

Related Papers

andualem girma

etd.aau.edu.et

Alemayehu Gessesse

Asmara Seyoum

ABSTRACT Construction industry is an industry, which is involved in the planning execution and evaluation (monitorin g) of all types of civil works. Physical infrastructures such as buildings, communication & energy related construction works, water supply & sewerage civil works etc. are some of the major projects (program) in the construction industry. Construction industry plays an important role in social, economical & political development of a country. Construction is not only one of the major sectors of an economy but it is also the largest and accounts from 12% to 25% of the GNP of both developed & developing countries. It consumes the higher percentage of the annual budget of a country; specifically in our country Ethiopia, it covers 58% of the annual budget. However, the industry has been experiencing such problems as managing and minimizing wastage of construction n materials due to lack of effective management and planning. One of the very important sections that should specify in the construction project management is managing and minimizing wastage of construction materials at construction projects. The successf ul execution of construction projects within given cost, time and quality, good handling of construction materials on construction site requires systematic planning and controlling of the construction works. This explains also that the management of materials becomes the most pertinent source of construction waste. The type of materials produced to serve the industry range from raw goods such as sand, aggregates, soil and water to manufactured goods such as bricks, cement, plasterboard, metals (steel and iron), timber, concrete, cement, and plaster. Because of a high rate of consumption of these materials, waste is generated in large quantities, which can have significant impact on the environment. Now a day‟s in Ethiopia construction industries are booming due to implementing major infrastructure projects together with many public buildings, commercial building and housing development programmes. Therefore, this research were attempt to assess the current situation of managing and minimizing wastage of construction materials in the Addis Ababa on selected public building construction projects and formulate and give recommendations with respect to handling of construction materials in accordance with the outcome of the paper. The main tools for the collection of data included questionnaires, interviews and site visit were used to identify the various efforts that have been made in the past to evaluate and examine the causes and sources of construction materials waste on building construction project. Simple statistical analysis involving tables and percentages were used in analyze the results from the questionnaire. Secondary sources of data were obtained from relevant literature that covered research, publication on the subject matter. The findings of this research indicate that the level of contribution of the waste sources to the generation of waste saw differences between the perceptions of the respondents (Contractors, consultants and client). The results from analysis ranked from the first to fifth positio n by contractors, consultants and owners that the most significant factors causing construction waste on building construction projects are: - Site supervision factors, Materials handling and storage factors,Design and documentation factors, Site management and practices factors and Operations factors. The results of this study recommended that there is a need to establish a new construction waste department to develop waste management policies and develop the effective strategy to reduce construction waste. The study recommended the owners to take the waste management history of the contractors as a criterion in awarding contracts. The study recommended the consultants to give attention to avoid design and planning errors at the design and planning stages. The study also recommended the contractors to assign qualification staff and workforce in construction projects and to prepare waste management plan. Key words: - Benefits of Waste Minimization, Causes and sources of materials, Construction, Construction m aterials, Construction Materials Management, Waste managing & Waste minimizing.

Abuchu Abuchu

Addis Ababa city's solid waste is a threat to the environment as only 65% produced per day is collected and disposed, 5% is recycled, 5% is composted, while the remaining 25% is uncollected and dumped in unauthorized areas. As the municipal wastes are dominated by domestic wastes, their management and associated environmental impacts is worthy of attention. The review aimed to examine the sources and impacts of domestic wastes and evaluate the existing waste management practices through field visit, discussion and review of documents. The solid waste generation rate is 0.45kg/capita/day; while around 100,000 m3 waste water is also produced per day from domestic activities alone. Wastes collectors participate in the waste management, with service charges of 20% of the water consumed for residential houses. The city is still dependent on 'Reppi' dumping site that receives over 750 tons of solid waste per day. Inadequate domestic waste management creates a range of environmental problems. The collection and treatment of waste water is complicated by the absence of sewerage networks and treatment plants, as sewer network coverage accounts for 7.5% of the built-up areas. Segregation, treatment, proper disposal, policy and law enforcement and capacity building are potential areas of improvement and research interventions.

Mekbib Negash

kassu sileyew

Kassu Sileyew

Kassu Jilcha

This thesis discusses the growing problem of road traffic crashes, particularly in roads from Gelan to Tukurwuha with particular reference to the magnitude, risk factors, interventions and counter possible solutions to so many problems of the roads traffic accidents. The 2004 World Health Report shows that of the 1.2 million people killed in road crash worldwide, 85% are in developing countries. The traffic police of Ethiopia usually reports human error, road environment and vehicle factors as the main causes of road crashes. However, little documentation is available on the broader underlying factors such as deficiencies in the breviaries changes, ineffective road safety legislation and enforcement, systems for data collection and management, and inadequate medical infrastructure for post-injury management in our country. Although a variety of road safety interventions have been successfully applied, little attempt has been made to promote and implement them. Every year, around 400...

Maurice Mustapha Braimah

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