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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume vs Cover Letter: How...

Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

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The language of the job hunt: resumes and job applications

Sep 07, 2022 - updated Apr 24, 2023

So you’ve decided to apply for a new role—good for you! You spruce up your resume and get ready to send it off, only to learn you need to complete a job application too. Confusion sets in as you find yourself doubling your efforts, wondering why both are necessary. Well, as culture fit becomes more critical in the workplace and competition rises, many employers want to better understand applicants beyond their work life and hard skills. Larger companies may also be seeking ways to sort through high application volumes and simplify or automate processes . Enter: the job application.

But what exactly is the difference between a resume and a job application? Why would a company ask for one over the other–or even both–and how can you ensure you stand out? Let’s find out.

What is a job application?

A job application is a standard form with questions or fields deemed necessary by a company to review candidates. It will often request the same information from every potential hire, such as contact information, past work experience, education, and references . However, not every company will ask you to complete a job application; sometimes just a resume will suffice. So what are some reasons a company would require one?

Marianne Encina, a recruiter at Shopify and co-founder of 3Skills , a community that teaches job seekers how to communicate their value to employers and build careers they are proud of, says, “a company might use a job application to have one clear standard to assess all applicants. This can be beneficial when the goal is solely to compare experience, skills, and education.”

However, the standardization of job applications also brings about concerns regarding DEI initiatives . Encina notes, “[Job applications] can be problematic since applicants will all have different backgrounds that will fall outside this standard and might therefore be automatically and unfairly rejected.”

That said, if a company does ask you to submit a job application, it is essential that you complete it in full. In the United States, candidates are required to list all former employers as requested on a job application and to fill it in honestly—you don’t want to get caught lying should the employer run a background check .

What is a resume?

A resume is a document that outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background, typically as they relate to your career and education . Resumes can also include personal information, such as hobbies, interests, and volunteer time, providing a prospective employer with more information about who you are and how you spend your time outside office hours.

A resume is your opportunity to showcase and highlight your unique talents and personality . While there are certain things that will double up on your resume and job application—such as your duties and responsibilities with previous employers—there’s lots of room for creativity.

One tip Encina suggests is tailoring your resume to the company’s brand by using their colors and fonts or getting inspiration from their products. “If you are interviewing with Google’s Search Team, for example, you could have each role in your resume replicate Google search results,” says Encina.

But it’s not all about aesthetics. “Content will always be more important than any color or font. A tailored resume with metrics that address requirements and responsibilities for the role should be the standard; aesthetics are a bonus.” Encina says. So what’s the bottom line? Make your resume enticing . “Ultimately, the goal is to extend the amount of time the recruiter or hiring manager spends reviewing your resume.”

What should you do if a company asks for both?

If a company asks for both, how do you ensure you don’t waste your or the recruiter’s time? While it can be tempting to keep one standard resume handy for any job that piques your interest, especially when applying to several different roles, it’s good practice to tailor your resume for each opportunity .

If a company asks you to complete a job application and a resume, avoid repeating the same information. “You might consider using that extra space to speak about specific projects that are relevant to that role,” notes Encina.

Should you send a resume if the company only offers a job application?

According to Encina, the answer to this question is: it depends. “If you have a tailored resume ready to be submitted that would only make your application and your candidacy stronger, I would go ahead and submit that too,” she says.

“But really, the question here should be redirected to the company: is every step of your process intentional and candidate-centric? Are the instructions clear on what needs to be submitted? Are they deducting points for anyone who didn’t submit a resume and cover letter , although there were no instructions to do so? As a candidate, your goal is to reflect that you are the most employable out of the candidate pool . A company’s goal should be to provide a clear recruitment process and expectations.”

Key takeaways: what’s the difference between a resume and a job application?

A job application is a form created by a company with fields that a candidate must complete in full . These fields typically include contact information, past work experience, education, and references . The application is the same for every potential candidate, providing a standardized way for a company to assess applicants.

Ensure you complete all sections as required by the job application. You must fully disclose all past employers when requested via a job application . Some companies may even perform a background check to confirm.

A resume outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background. It’s also your opportunity to showcase your unique experience, creativity, and other relevant information that could make you a front-runner for a position.

Clearly read a company’s application instructions; if they are unclear, don’t hesitate to ask for more information.

When in doubt, go the extra mile and submit a resume in addition to a job application , even if it’s not specifically requested. Find the appropriate company contact so you know it gets into the right hands .

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Cover Letter vs. Resume: The Key Differences

Picture this: You've found the perfect job opportunity, and you're excited to submit your application. But wait, the job posting requires both a cover letter and a resume. You might be wondering, "What's the difference between these two documents, and why do I need both?" Fear not, for this article aims to provide clarity on the key distinctions between cover letters and resumes, and help you understand how to effectively use both in your job applications.

Understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume is crucial for job seekers looking to create effective and compelling job applications. While both documents are essential in the job application process, they serve different purposes. A cover letter allows you to express your unique qualifications and passion for the position, while a resume offers a concise summary of your skills, experiences, and achievements. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of each document, discuss their key differences, and offer tips on how to tailor them for specific job applications.

Using both a cover letter and a resume effectively in your job application can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview. According to the Department of Labor , a well-crafted resume showcases your talents and skills to an employer, while a compelling cover letter provides depth and character that enhances your resume. By the end of this article, you will be well-equipped with the knowledge and skills required to make your job application stand out from the competition.

Key Differences Between a Cover Letter and a Resume

The main differences between a cover letter and a resume lie in their purpose, structure, content, and tone. It is essential to understand these distinctions to ensure that your job application is both comprehensive and engaging.

A cover letter is a personalized document that introduces you to the hiring manager and explains why you are a qualified candidate for the job. It allows you to showcase your passion for the position and highlight your unique qualifications that make you an ideal fit. In contrast, a resume is a concise document that summarizes your professional skills, experiences, and achievements, enabling hiring managers to quickly assess your qualifications for the job.

The structure of a cover letter differs significantly from that of a resume. A cover letter is formatted like a formal letter, with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a closing paragraph with a professional sign-off, as mentioned in Zippia . On the other hand, a resume is organized into sections such as contact information, work experience, education, skills, and awards. While there are different resume formats and styles, the overall structure remains consistent across various industries.

The content of a cover letter and a resume also varies. A cover letter allows you to tell a story about your professional journey, highlighting specific experiences and achievements that demonstrate your suitability for the job. In contrast, a resume is a concise summary of your professional background, focusing on quantifiable accomplishments and relevant skills.

As ResumeGo states, cover letters and resumes are different but complementary documents. A cover letter provides depth and character to the list of experiences provided by a resume, emphasizing your unique qualifications and passion for the position.

The tone and writing style of a cover letter and a resume also differ. A cover letter is generally more conversational and personable, allowing you to express your enthusiasm for the job and connect with the hiring manager. In contrast, a resume adopts a more formal and concise tone, focusing on presenting your qualifications in a clear and straightforward manner.

Understanding these key differences between cover letters and resumes is crucial for creating a strong job application that showcases your unique qualifications and passion for the position. As you navigate the job search process, keep in mind that these two documents serve complementary purposes and, when used effectively, can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview.

Tailoring Your Resume and Cover Letter for a Specific Job

To increase your chances of landing an interview, it's crucial to tailor both your cover letter and resume to the specific job you're applying for. Customizing your job application materials demonstrates your genuine interest in the position and allows you to showcase how your skills and experiences align with the company's needs.

Modifying Your Resume

When tailoring your resume for a specific job, consider the following tips:

• Review the job description carefully, identifying the key skills, experiences, and qualifications required for the role.
• Prioritize the most relevant information on your resume, making sure to highlight your accomplishments that align with the job requirements.
• Use keywords from the job description in your resume to increase the likelihood of being noticed by applicant tracking systems (ATS).
• Customize your resume's objective or summary statement to reflect the job title and company you're targeting.

Here's an example of a tailored resume objective:

"Results-driven marketing professional with 5+ years of experience, seeking to leverage proven skills in content creation, social media management, and data analysis in the Digital Marketing Specialist role at XYZ Company."

Personalizing Your Cover Letter

For a cover letter that resonates with the hiring manager, follow these guidelines:

• Address the letter to a specific person if possible, using their name and title.
• Mention the job title and company name in the introduction, expressing your genuine interest in the position.
• Use the body paragraphs to connect your experiences and achievements to the company's values, mission, or product/service offerings.
• Include examples of how you've demonstrated the key skills or qualifications mentioned in the job description.
• Close the letter by expressing your enthusiasm for the opportunity and inviting the hiring manager to discuss your application further.

Here's an example of a tailored cover letter excerpt:

"As a long-time admirer of XYZ Company's innovative approach to digital marketing, I was thrilled to come across the Digital Marketing Specialist position. With my extensive experience in content creation and social media management, I am confident that I would make a valuable addition to your marketing team."

Incorporating keywords from the job description in both your cover letter and resume can further enhance the customization of your application. This not only demonstrates your attention to detail but also increases the likelihood of your application being noticed by ATS.

By tailoring your cover letter and resume for each job application, you can effectively showcase your unique qualifications and passion for the position, increasing your chances of being called for an interview.

Consistency Between Your Cover Letter and Resume

Ensuring consistency between your cover letter and resume is vital for presenting a cohesive and professional image to potential employers. A consistent style, format, and messaging across both documents can help you create a strong and memorable impression.

Importance of Consistency

Maintaining consistency between your cover letter and resume offers several benefits:

• It demonstrates your attention to detail and organization skills.
• It makes your application materials appear more polished and professional.
• It helps reinforce your personal brand and unique value proposition.

Inconsistencies between your cover letter and resume, on the other hand, can create confusion and raise doubts about your credibility. This may lead hiring managers to question your ability to effectively communicate and prioritize information.

Aligning Content and Messaging

To ensure consistency between your cover letter and resume, consider the following tips:

• Use the same font, formatting, and design elements (e.g., headers, bullet points) in both documents.
• Align the content of your cover letter with the experiences and achievements highlighted in your resume, providing more context and detail where necessary.
• Ensure that the dates, job titles, and company names mentioned in your cover letter match those on your resume.
• Proofread both documents carefully, checking for any discrepancies or inconsistencies in content and style.

In conclusion, understanding the key differences between cover letters and resumes is crucial for job seekers looking to create effective and compelling job applications. By tailoring both documents for specific job applications and ensuring consistency between them, you can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview and ultimately, securing your dream job.

The Future of Cover Letters and Resumes

As the job application process evolves, it's essential for job seekers to adapt and stay informed about new trends in cover letters and resumes. In this ever-changing landscape, staying current and refining your application materials can greatly improve your chances of success.

The potential impact of technology on cover letters and resumes: With the rise of AI-driven recruitment tools, it's crucial to optimize your documents for both human readers and applicant tracking systems. This includes using relevant keywords, adopting a clear and concise format, and ensuring your documents are error-free.

The rise of alternative job application methods: As companies continue to adapt their hiring processes, job seekers may encounter alternative application methods, such as video resumes or online portfolios. Embracing these new formats and showcasing your adaptability can make you stand out from the competition.

Staying current with job application trends: Regularly updating your cover letter and resume, as well as staying informed about industry-specific trends and best practices, will keep your application materials fresh and relevant.

By continually refining your cover letters and resumes and staying informed about emerging trends, you can ensure that your job application materials remain effective and engaging for potential employers. As you navigate the ever-evolving job search landscape, remember that understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes is key to your success.

Understanding the key differences between cover letters and resumes is crucial for job seekers looking to create effective and compelling job applications. By tailoring both documents for specific job applications and ensuring consistency between them, you can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview and ultimately, securing your dream job.

In today's competitive job market, it's essential to stay informed about new trends in cover letters and resumes, as well as embrace emerging application methods such as video resumes or online portfolios. By continually refining your application materials and staying current with industry best practices, you can ensure that your job applications remain effective and engaging for potential employers.

As you navigate the ever-evolving job search landscape, remember that understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes is key to your success. With a well-crafted cover letter and resume, you can showcase your unique qualifications and passion for the position, making a strong and lasting impression on hiring managers. We wish you the best of luck in your job search!

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What Is the Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter?

• Resume vs. Cover Letter

What a Resume Includes

What a cover letter includes.

• Use a Cover Letter to be Subjective

 Prostock-Studio / iStock / Getty Images Plus

What's the difference between a resume and a cover letter? Both a cover letter and a resume share the common purpose of proving that you have the right skills to excel at the job for which you are applying.

However, there are clear distinctions between the structure and intent of the two documents. Job seekers should view their cover letter and resume as a complementary but unique pair of documents. That is, your cover letter should be more than just bullet points regurgitated from the resume. 

Many employers require that a resume is submitted with a job application. 

A cover letter may not be required. But, including one when you apply for a job can help your chances of getting selected for an interview.

The Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter

You can think of your resume as a general summary of your work experience and your cover letter as a summary of your work experience as it relates to the job at hand. 

A resume is a document that itemizes your employment history. It summarizes the jobs you have held, the education you have attained, certifications, skills, and other quantifiable information about your background and work experience. 

The most common  resume format  is a list with your contact information, and experience section that includes job titles, position descriptions, dates of employment, an education section, and other relevant information.

Typically, a resume is written in the third person and uses as few words as possible to summarize the experience. So, instead of writing "I supervised the large buying team at XYZ company" a resume would have a bullet point that says, "Supervised 19-person buying team."

Whenever possible, you'll want to use numbers on your resume, such as the number of people you supervised, percent sales increased, the number of customers helped, etc.

A cover letter is written to highlight the qualifications you have for the job for which you are applying. It is used to provide the employer with additional information as to why you are a good candidate for the job. The main function of your cover letter is to show off how your qualification makes you a match for the job. 

A cover letter is written in a letter format including a salutation, several paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, you should use the first-person to write your cover letter . (That said, avoid using "I" too much.)

Your resume should provide employers with a detailed list of your work experience and education. The skills and accomplishments associated with each job you have held should be described in enough detail to show employers how you have added value in those specific roles.

Often, resumes provide information in bulleted lists; this helps make the document concise and allows recruiters to scan through it quickly. 

A cover letter is a short three or four paragraph document. It should be written with the assumption that employers will consult your resume to match it to the statement you are making in the letter about your qualifications.

A cover letter will help employers to interpret your background as represented on the resume and will help prove how your previous experiences qualify you for a job.

When you are writing a cover letter for a job, first review the job requirements that are detailed in the job posting. Use your cover letter to explain how you meet those criteria.

Use a Cover Letter to Convey Subjective Information

A resume states the facts – who, what, when, and how. In contrast, a cover letter provides an opportunity to explain why you are qualified for the job. This document adds a bit of color and personality and is intended to persuade employers that you're a good fit for the position at hand. 

A cover letter is a better vehicle than a resume to convey more subjective information like the basis of your interest in a position, how your values motivate you to pursue a job, or why the culture of a company appeals to you.

Your cover letters will help you sell your qualifications to prospective employers while your resume provides the details to back up the information included in your letters.

Cover Letter VS. Resume –What's The Difference?

In This Guide:

What is a cover letter.

Cover letters vs. resumes - what's the difference?

Now that you know

In today’s ultra-competitive job market, one major way to get employers’ attention is by building an exemplary resume and cover letter. You must learn how to craft each document without any disqualifying errors.

In this article, you will learn the difference between a cover letter and a resume. These include the differences between the two in:

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A cover letter (also known as a letter of motivation) is a document sent alongside your resume. It provides additional information that you did not or could not include in your resume and gives you the opportunity to show more of your credentials to employers.

Cover letters vs. resumes - what's the difference?

A cover letter is an additional document, first and foremost. Unlike a resume, it is often optional, though some applications require an attached cover letter. It is a letter in which you provide detailed descriptions of your skills and previous work experience and explain why they make you the perfect fit for the position.

A resume is a primary document you will send to potential employers. It is a one to two-page list of your previous work experience, skills, accomplishments, education, etc.

It is advisable to customize your resume and cover letter to fit the requirements of each specific job description: in short, no form letters.

Cover letters have a different format

Formatting a cover letter correctly is vital. It is not just a list but a letter to a potential employer, with greetings, an introductory paragraph, one to two body paragraphs, a conclusion, and a signature. It is typically only one page.

A resume’s format is narrower. Resumes are a concise record of your background and qualifications, containing only essential information. Its presentation and visual appeal are especially important. It is typically one to two pages.

the tone of voice is different

A cover letter is you directly addressing your future employer. Unlike in your resume, in which you are clinically listing off your background and qualifications, you can feel free to inject more of your personality into a cover letter.

This helps the employer get to know you as well as your skills before you ever meet face to face. Imagine you are speaking to them at your job interview already: be friendly and confident, but remain professional as well.

Cover letters complement your resume.

If you have constructed it correctly, a finished resume can technically be all you need to apply to a job. However, you want to show potential employers that you will go the extra mile for them and ensure that they know just how better suited you are to the position than your competition.

A cover letter expands on the most important information provided in your resume and strengthens it. If your resume already has a strong layout , it is a good outline for your cover letter.

The most important information to keep in mind is the purpose of each document. A resume is an essential document that concisely lists your background and qualifications. A cover letter is an additional document that complements your resume by providing detailed explanations of the most relevant parts of your resume.

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Cover Letter vs. Resume: What’s the Difference?

There are many steps to getting the perfect job — and creating a compelling job application is one of them. Having a well-written resume and an eye-catching cover letter can take a lot of stress and uncertainty out of the job-hunting process.

Today, we are looking into the differences between a resume and cover letter and exploring some of the key practices for making these documents the best they can be.

Table of Contents

Cover letter vs. resume: what’s the difference?

A resume and cover letter typically come hand in hand. You need both these documents to successfully apply for a job. So, what is the difference between a cover letter and a resume and what information should you include in each one?

A resume is a document that summarizes your professional experience as a job candidate. The word “resume” actually comes from the French “résumé” and means “summary”. It focuses on your qualifications (work experience, skills, accomplishments, etc.) and helps showcase your abilities to convince the hiring manager that you are the right person for the job.

A typical resume includes five main parts

• Contact details : this is where you list the best ways to get in touch with you. This section generally includes your full name and professional credentials, email and phone number and, possibly, a link to your professional social media or portfolio.
• Summary : here, you can focus on your knowledge and experience and include your most valued skills that are relevant to the position you are applying for.
• Professional experience : in this section, you will need to list your previously held positions: starting with your latest job.
•   Educational background : this part of your resume explains your academic qualifications: degrees, professional certificates, awards, etc.
• Additional information : here, you can include any other relevant information that doesn’t fit into the sections above. A lot of HR professionals suggest using this section for references, professional achievements and awards.

Resume example

Learn more about how to write a resume .

A cover letter is a document that you send together with your resume that aims to introduce you to the hiring manager and briefly summarize your most important skills and professional experience. A good cover letter will get the HR professional interested in the rest of your application and make you stand out among other applicants.

A typical cover letter is about one page long and includes the following sections

• Header : this is where you include your contact details including your full name and professional credentials, phone number and email and links to your professional special networks or portfolio (optional)
• Introduction : here, you should get the HR professional “hooked” and make them interested in you as a job candidate. Mention your most relevant qualifications and skills and explain (briefly) why you see yourself as the best candidate for the job.
• Main body : after a condensed introduction highlighting your key skills, you can get into a bit more detail about your expertise in the main body of the cover letter. Here, you can go on to mention that you are aware of all the responsibilities that come with the job and have the capacity to handle them excellently.
• Conclusion : a cover letter should generally end with a call to action. You can mention when you will be able to start the new job and say that you are waiting for feedback on your application. Don’t forget to thank the hiring manager for their time for reading your letter.

Cover letter example

Learn more about how to write a cover letter .

Is it OK to send a resume without a cover letter?

While a cover letter is often looked at as an optional addition to the resume, it’s not quite the case. In fact, most job ads these days require a cover letter — and a failure to include one will probably result in your application being rejected. Even if it’s not specifically stated in the job ad that a cover letter is needed, you should definitely include one with your application. Not having a cover letter is simply a missed opportunity as it gives you extra “space” to make your case that you are the best candidate for the job.

Do you put a resume or cover letter first?

Most employers will scan your resume first. They will do so to make sure you have the relevant skills and experience for the position you are applying for. This is especially true for fields that require a specific set of hard skills like IT and engineering. While they may look at your resume first, a cover letter can help them fill in the blanks and get a more comprehensive picture of who you are as a professional. It can also be what makes you stand out among other candidates and actually gets you the job.

Is the cover letter part of the resume?

As we’ve mentioned above, a cover letter is a one-page document that goes alongside your resume — not inside of it or instead of it. You shouldn’t insert your cover letter into your resume and it should always go as a separate document with its own title. A typical cover letter is 250 to 400 words long.

Do you still need a cover letter in 2023?

Yes, cover letters are still important. Even if the employer doesn’t open your cover letter, they will still appreciate it being attached to your application. A cover letter is a good way to highlight that you are really serious about the job you are applying for. And, as we’ve mentioned earlier, it gives you an extra opportunity for self-presentation.

Letter of interest vs. cover letter

Quite often, when you read about cover letters, you may also come across the term “letter of interest”. While these are sometimes used interchangeably, there are actually quite a few differences between the two.

A letter of interest is sent to a company and indicates that you are interested in working for them. It doesn’t have to be sent to an open job offer — in fact, there may actually be no open positions at the company at the time. A letter of interest, true to its name, expresses your interest in a company.

A cover letter, on the other hand, is typically sent out together with your resume in response to a specific job offer advertised by the company. It’s an essential part of your job application.

To learn more about cover letters and letters of interest, take a look at this article: Letter of Interest vs. Cover Letter: Difference, Tips and Examples .

Tips for writing your resume and cover letter

Here are a few quick tips for writing a good cover letter and resume.

Tips for writing a resume

• Use the keywords from the job ad. These days, a lot of companies use resume-filtering software before going through the applications by hand. To make sure your resume doesn’t get blocked by such programs, use the same key phrases that are used in the job description if they are in line with your expertise and background.
• Highlight key points. Hiring managers are generally very busy people that have to look at tens or even hundreds of resumes every day. Make their job easier by formatting your resume in a way that highlights your most relevant skills and experience.
• Be strategic. Think what information to include in your resume and make sure it’s relevant to the position you are applying for. It’s best to keep your resume as concise as possible and list work experience that best matches the expertise required for the new job.

Tips for writing a cover letter

• Customize your cover letter for the job you are applying for. One of the biggest mistakes you can make is making a “one-size-fits-all” cover letter and sending it out to all the companies you are applying to. What is the purpose of a cover letter? The main purpose of a cover letter is to make a positive impression on the hiring manager — and the only way to do that is by writing a letter that is targeted for the position you are applying for.
• Don’t be vague. Your cover letter is a document that needs to impress your potential employer. This means that it’s best not to use general phrases and instead focus on specifics. Include examples, achievements from your previous jobs, numbers and more.
• Keep it brief. A cover letter should be a one-page document and acts as a concentrated introduction of your best professional qualities. Make sure to only include the most important and relevant information. Read over your cover letter before you send it out and remove any non-essential text. 

Cover letter vs Resume. Summing things up

Both a resume and a cover letter are essential elements of a successful job application. A resume is a summary of your professional life, while a cover letter is an introduction of your skills and qualities that best match the position you are applying for.

Even if the job description doesn’t specifically mention that you need to include a cover letter with your application, it’s best to have one ready and send it out together with your resume. It will demonstrate to the employees the seriousness of your intent and give you the opportunity to explain why you are the best choice for this position.

• Career Blog

The Difference Between Cover Letter vs. Resume in 2024

When it comes to job search, writing a cover letter and resume are two crucial steps to landing interviews. A cover letter is a document that accompanies a resume and provides a brief overview of the candidate’s qualifications and interests, while a resume is a formal document which highlights an individual’s work experience, educational background, professional achievements, and relevant skills.

Why are they important?

Cover letters and resumes are important because they play a vital role in the hiring process. They are often the first impression a potential employer has of a job candidate, and serve as a means for employers to assess a candidate’s skills, experience, and compatibility with the role they are applying for. A well-written cover letter and resume can set a candidate apart from the competition and increase their chances of securing an interview.

Overview of differences

While cover letters and resumes serve different purposes, they are both important components of a successful job application. One key difference is that a resume focuses more on a candidate’s skills and work experience, while a cover letter provides an opportunity for the candidate to showcase their personality and explain why they are interested in the position. Additionally, a cover letter allows a candidate to address any gaps in their resume or explain aspects that may not be immediately apparent to a potential employer.

In essence, both cover letters and resumes are tools that job seekers can use to market themselves effectively to potential employers. Understanding the differences between the two and knowing how to craft them effectively can make all the difference in landing that dream job.

Content Differences

When it comes to job hunting, crafting a cover letter and a resume are essential to making a strong first impression. However, it’s important to understand the differences between the two so you can optimize the content and increase your chances of landing an interview.

What does a cover letter contain?

A cover letter is a brief document that typically accompanies a resume. It’s a way to introduce yourself to the employer and highlight your relevant skills and experience. The goal of a cover letter is to persuade the reader to consider your resume and invite you to an interview.

A well-written cover letter should contain the following elements:

• An introduction that includes the job you’re applying for and your reason for writing
• A summary of your skills and experience that are relevant to the job
• A section that highlights your achievements and accomplishments
• A strong closing statement that thanks the employer for considering your application and expresses your interest in the position.

What does a resume contain?

On the other hand, a resume is a more comprehensive document that provides a detailed overview of your professional experience, skills, and achievements. Its purpose is to showcase your qualifications and convince the employer to hire you.

Your resume should include the following information:

• Your contact information
• A professional summary that highlights your skills and experience
• Your work history, starting with the most recent position
• Your education, training, and certifications
• Your skills and personal qualities that are relevant to the job

Importance of tailoring content to the job

One of the most crucial aspects of creating a strong cover letter and resume is tailoring the content to the job you’re applying for. This means customizing your documents to match the skills, requirements, and culture of the company you’re interested in.

By tailoring your job application to the specific needs of the employer, you’re showing that you’re a good match for the role and the company. It also demonstrates that you’re invested in the company and took the time to research and learn about its needs.

To tailor your cover letter and resume effectively, you need to:

• Research the company and the job posting
• Analyze the job requirements and match them to your skills and experience
• Use relevant keywords and phrases from the job posting in your documents
• Highlight your achievements and accomplishments that are relevant to the job

Understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume and tailoring them to the job you’re applying for can make a significant difference in your job search success. Spend time crafting these documents and make sure they reflect your most relevant skills and experience.

Formatting Differences

When it comes to creating a cover letter and a resume, there are distinct formatting differences that need to be considered. Here are a few key differences:

Differences in layout and structure

Unlike a resume which has a standardized structure including headings such as “Work Experience,” “Skills,” and “Education,” a cover letter is typically a bit more freeform. It should focus on telling a story about who you are, what you’ve accomplished and why you’re the best fit for the role.

Importance of visual appeal

Your resume and cover letter are a direct representation of you as a candidate. Therefore, it’s important to ensure they have visual appeal. This means using a font that is easy to read, adequate spacing between lines and paragraphs, bullets and numbering for lists, and most importantly, a consistent format.

Tips for formatting

To ensure your cover letter and resume standout in a sea of applicants, here are a few tips to follow:

• Use a standard font such as Times New Roman, Arial or Calibri.
• Use 1-inch margins and spacing of 1.15 or 1.5 between lines and paragraphs.
• Use bold and italics sparingly to emphasize key points.
• Use bullet points and numbered lists where appropriate.
• Ensure your formatting is consistent throughout your document.

By following these tips, your cover letter and resume will be well-formatted, visually appealing and stand out to potential employers.

Purpose Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to know the differences between a cover letter and a resume, as they both serve different purposes in the job application process.

Purpose of a cover letter

A cover letter is a document that explains why you’re interested in the job and how your skills and experience make you a good fit for the position. It’s essentially a personalized introduction that highlights your qualifications, achievements and career goals. A cover letter is an opportunity to showcase your personality and demonstrate your enthusiasm for the job, as well as your ability to communicate effectively.

Purpose of a resume

On the other hand, a resume is a comprehensive summary of your work history, education, skills, abilities and other relevant information. Its primary purpose is to provide potential employers with an overview of your professional experience and qualifications. A resume is typically designed to be scanned quickly, so it’s important to make it easy to read and to highlight the most important information clearly.

How they work together

While a cover letter and a resume serve different purposes, they still work together to provide a complete picture of the job applicant. The cover letter supplements the resume by providing more context around your qualifications and experience, and by showcasing your personality and communication skills.

When writing your cover letter, you should refer specifically to the job posting and show how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the job. You can also use it to explain any gaps or inconsistencies in your work history or qualifications, which may not be immediately apparent from your resume alone.

Your resume, on the other hand, should be tailored to the specific job you’re applying for, highlighting the skills and experience that are most relevant to the position. While your cover letter can provide more context around your qualifications, your resume should be concise and to-the-point, focusing on the most important aspects of your work history and academic background.

The two documents work together to create a complete and compelling presentation of your qualifications and experience, helping you to stand out from other job applicants and get noticed by potential employers. By understanding the purpose of each document and crafting them carefully and thoughtfully, you can maximize your chances of landing your dream job.

Target Audience Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to understand the differences in the audience that will be reading your cover letter and resume. Knowing who will be reading each document will help you tailor your message to meet their needs and expectations.

Who Reads Cover Letters?

Cover letters are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter. These individuals are responsible for screening resumes and selecting candidates to move forward in the hiring process. Cover letters are your opportunity to introduce yourself and make a great first impression.

Who Reads Resumes?

Resumes are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter, but they may also be reviewed by other members of the hiring team, such as HR or department heads. Resumes provide an overview of your work experience, skills, and qualifications.

What Each Audience is Looking For

Hiring managers and recruiters.

Hiring managers and recruiters are looking for candidates who can meet the requirements of the job and fit in with the company culture. When they read a cover letter, they want to see that you have taken the time to research the company and understand what they do. They also want to see that you have the skills and experience needed for the job.

When reading a resume, hiring managers and recruiters are looking for a clear summary of your work history and accomplishments. They want to see that you have relevant experience in the field and that you have achieved measurable results. They also want to see that you have the skills and qualifications necessary for the job.

HR and Department Heads

When HR and department heads review resumes, they are often looking for specific qualifications, such as degrees, certifications, or professional experience. They want to see that you have the credentials needed to be considered for the job.

Department heads may also be looking for candidates who have a strong background in the specific area of the company that they oversee. For example, a marketing manager might be looking for a candidate who has experience with social media marketing or email marketing campaigns.

Usage Differences

One of the most common questions job seekers have is, “when should I use a cover letter versus a resume?” The answer largely depends on the purpose of the document and what information you want to convey. Let’s dive into the specifics:

When to Use a Cover Letter

A cover letter is an introduction to your resume and should be used when you want to provide a more personalized touch to your job application. You should use a cover letter when:

• You want to showcase your writing skills and ability to communicate effectively.
• You are applying for a job that specifically requires a cover letter. Always read the job posting and follow the application instructions provided.
• You want to explain certain things about your resume or qualifications that may not be immediately apparent, such as gaps in employment, relocation plans, or a career change.
• You want to express your enthusiasm for the company or job opportunity and make a memorable impression on the hiring manager.

A cover letter is your chance to highlight your personality, enthusiasm, and professional writing skills. It’s an opportunity to connect with the employer on a deeper level and stand out from other applicants.

When to Use a Resume

A resume is a comprehensive summary of your professional experience, skills, and education. It should be used when you want to provide a detailed account of your qualifications for a particular job. You should use a resume when:

• You want to demonstrate your achievements and accomplishments in previous roles.
• You want to provide a detailed overview of your skills, experience and education relevant to the position.
• You are applying for jobs that request a resume only or if the company does not specify that a cover letter is required.

A resume is a professional document designed to convey your work experience and accomplishments in a concise and formatted manner. It typically follows a standard format, highlighting core information that is relevant to the role you are applying to.

How to Determine Which to Use

In most cases, submitting both a cover letter and a resume is ideal, especially when applying for professional positions. However, there may be instances where submitting one or the other is sufficient.

Here are some tips to determine whether to use a cover letter or a resume:

• Always read the job posting carefully to see what documents are requested.
• If a cover letter is requested, submit one in addition to your resume.
• If there is no mention of a cover letter and you are unsure whether to include one, contact the company and ask. It’s better to verify than to assume.
• Consider the level of formality of the job you are applying to. For example, a cover letter may be more appropriate for a role in public relations, communications or advertising, where a strong writing ability is essential.
• If it’s unclear which to use and both are optional, assess whether your resume can stand alone or if additional explanations or enthusiasm should be highlighted.

Tone Differences

The tone of your cover letter and resume is crucial in determining the impression you make on potential employers. Maintaining a professional tone is essential, and there are some key differences in tone between cover letters and resumes that you should be aware of. In this section, we will discuss how to maintain a professional tone in both documents, explore the differences in tone between cover letters and resumes, and provide tips for finding the right tone.

How to maintain a professional tone

To maintain a professional tone in your cover letter and resume, it is essential to use formal language, avoid slang or jargon, and avoid overly emotional or personal statements. Use a neutral tone and stick to the facts, focusing on your qualifications and experiences. Proofread your documents carefully to ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and error-free.

Differences in tone between cover letters and resumes

While your resume is a more formal document, your cover letter is more of a personal introduction. The tone of your cover letter should be friendly and engaging while still maintaining a professional tone. Your resume should highlight your skills and experience in a straightforward way, while your cover letter can explore your personality, passion for the industry, and enthusiasm for the position you’re applying for.

Tips for finding the right tone

To find the right tone for your cover letter and resume, research the company and the position you’re applying for. Look at the company’s website and social media pages to get a sense of their values, culture, and tone. Pay attention to the language used in the job listing and use similar language in your documents. Tailor your writing to the specific company and position, and don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through in your cover letter.

Maintaining a professional tone is essential in both your cover letter and resume. While there are differences in tone between the two documents, both should highlight your skills, experience, and qualifications in a clear and concise way. By researching the company and position you’re applying for and tailoring your writing to their specific tone and culture, you can find the right tone for your documents and make a strong impression on potential employers.

Common Mistakes

When it comes to applying for a job, there are certain common mistakes that are made in cover letters and resumes. If done correctly, your cover letter and resume can make an excellent first impression on potential employers. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

Common Mistakes in Cover Letters

Generic and impersonal salutations: Avoid addressing your cover letter to “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam.” Always try to address your letter to a specific person in the company.

Talking too much about yourself: Highlight your strengths and experiences that are relevant to the position you are applying for. Avoid writing too much about yourself and your personal life.

Repeating information from your resume: Your cover letter and resume should complement each other, not repeat information. Highlight specific experiences and accomplishments that you didn’t include in your resume.

Failing to explain how you can contribute: Don’t simply write about why you want the job. Instead, explain how your skills will help the company meet their goals.

Spelling and grammar mistakes: Proofread your cover letter multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes. This is the first impression potential employers will have of you, so make sure it’s a good one.

Common Mistakes in Resumes

Too much information: Keep your resume concise and to the point. Your resume should be a maximum of two pages.

Non-relevant work experience: Include work experience that is relevant to the job you are applying for. Employers don’t want to see every job you’ve ever had.

Listing job responsibilities instead of accomplishments: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list your job responsibilities.

Formatting issues: Make sure your resume is visually pleasing and easy to read. Avoid using complicated fonts, and ensure there is plenty of white space.

Failing to tailor your resume to the job: Customize your resume to fit the job description. Highlight experiences and accomplishments that are relevant to the position.

How to Avoid Common Mistakes

Research the company: Before you write your cover letter and resume, research the company and understand their values and mission.

Tailor your application: Customize your cover letter and resume to fit the job description and the company’s values.

Proofread: Proofread your application multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes.

Focus on the important details: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list job responsibilities.

Seek feedback: Have a trusted friend or colleague look over your application to provide feedback and catch any mistakes you may have missed.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can make an excellent first impression on your potential employer and stand out from other applicants.

Tips for Writing

Whether you are applying for a new job or looking to improve your professional writing skills, understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes can make all the difference in your success. Here are some tips for writing effective cover letters and resumes, as well as best practices for writing and editing in general.

Tips for Writing a Successful Cover Letter

• Tailor your cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. Use keywords and phrases from the job description to highlight your relevant skills and experience.
• Address the hiring manager by name, if possible. This shows that you have done your research and are invested in the company and position.
• Highlight your unique qualifications and why you are the best candidate for the job. Use specific examples to demonstrate your skills and accomplishments.
• Keep your cover letter concise and to the point, typically one page or less.
• Proofread your cover letter carefully to ensure that it is error-free and professional.

Tips for Writing a Successful Resume

• Use a clear and readable font, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and keep the formatting simple and consistent.
• Focus on your most relevant and recent work experience, using bullet points to highlight your accomplishments and skills.
• Quantify your achievements and responsibilities whenever possible, using numbers and percentages to demonstrate your impact.
• Include relevant keywords and phrases from the job description, as many companies use automated applicant tracking systems to screen resumes.
• Tailor your resume to the specific job you are applying for, emphasizing the skills and experience most relevant to the position.
• Proofread your resume carefully for typos, grammatical errors, and formatting issues.

Best Practices for Writing and Editing

• Start with a clear and concise thesis or main idea, and organize your writing around this central point.
• Use active voice and strong verbs to make your writing more engaging and impactful.
• Keep your writing concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary words and phrases.
• Use concrete examples and evidence to support your points, and avoid vague or unsubstantiated claims.
• Proofread your writing carefully, checking for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Consider seeking feedback from a trusted colleague or mentor to help improve your writing.

Understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes, and knowing how to write and edit effectively, can help you stand out in today’s competitive job market. By following these tips and best practices, you can create compelling and professional documents that showcase your skills and experience.

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Cover Letter vs. Resume: Understanding the Differences and Choosing the Right Tool for the Job

Introduction:

When it comes to job applications, understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume is crucial. These two documents serve distinct purposes, each playing a unique role in presenting your qualifications to potential employers. In this blog post, we will explore the disparities between cover letters and resumes and discuss when to use each tool effectively, helping you make informed decisions and optimize your job application strategy.

1. The Purpose of a Cover Letter:

A cover letter is an introductory document that accompanies your resume. Its primary purpose is to engage the reader, express your interest in the position, and highlight your relevant skills and qualifications. A well-crafted cover letter provides an opportunity to showcase your communication skills, demonstrate your enthusiasm for the role and the company, and convey why you are the ideal candidate. Cover letters are especially useful when you want to provide context, explain career changes, or showcase specific achievements not easily captured in a resume.

2. The Purpose of a Resume:

A resume, on the other hand, is a concise summary of your education, work experience, skills, and accomplishments. It presents a structured overview of your professional background and qualifications, highlighting key details such as job titles, dates of employment, responsibilities, and achievements. Resumes are designed to provide a quick snapshot of your qualifications, making it easy for employers to assess your fit for a particular role. Resumes are crucial in situations where employers have specified they require a resume or when submitting applications through online platforms that only accept resumes.

3. Key Differences:

While both cover letters and resumes are essential components of a job application, understanding their differences is vital in determining which one to use in different situations. Here are a few key distinctions:

   a. Content: Cover letters allow you to provide more context, expand on specific experiences or skills, and tailor your application to the job requirements. Resumes, on the other hand, focus on presenting a concise overview of your qualifications, emphasizing relevant experience, skills, and accomplishments.

   b. Format Cover letters are typically written in a letter format, addressing the hiring manager or recruiter directly. They have a more personalized tone and structure. Resumes, on the other hand, follow a standard format with sections such as contact information, objective or summary, work experience, education, and skills.

   c. Length: Cover letters are generally one page long, while resumes can vary in length, depending on your experience level. Resumes should be kept concise and targeted, usually not exceeding two pages.

4. Choosing the Right Tool for the Job:

Deciding whether to prioritize a cover letter or resume depends on the specific job application requirements and circumstances. Here are some guidelines:

• Application instructions: Always follow the instructions provided by the employer. If they explicitly request a cover letter or a resume, ensure that you submit the required document.
• Online applications: Many online job application platforms only accept resumes. In these cases, it's crucial to optimize your resume by tailoring it to the job requirements and showcasing your most relevant qualifications.
• When additional context is needed: If you have a unique career path, are transitioning into a new industry, or want to explain specific achievements or circumstances, a cover letter can provide the necessary context and give you an opportunity to make a compelling case for your fit.
• Networking or direct applications:  When submitting applications directly to a contact or networking connection, a cover letter can help personalize your application and create a positive impression.
• Job postings without explicit instructions: If the job posting does not specify whether a cover letter is required, it's generally a good idea to include one. A well-crafted cover letter can demonstrate your enthusiasm and attention to detail, setting you apart from other candidates.

5. A Complementary Approach:

While cover letters and resumes have distinct purposes, they often work best when used together. By crafting a compelling cover letter that highlights your key qualifications and combining it with a targeted and well-structured resume, you create a powerful application package. This approach allows you to provide a comprehensive view of your skills, experiences, and motivations, increasing your chances of securing interviews.

Conclusion:

Understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes empowers you to make informed decisions when it comes to crafting your job application. While the cover letter adds a personal touch, providing context and showcasing your enthusiasm, the resume presents a concise overview of your qualifications. By considering the specific requirements of each job application and leveraging the strengths of both tools, you can create a compelling and tailored application package that increases your chances of success. Remember, the key is to strike the right balance and adapt your approach based on the unique circumstances of each job opportunity.

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Difference between a resume and an application letter.

Your job application package consists of a cover letter and a resume. Each document serves a specific purpose and has a particular format. Whenever you apply for a position, send both documents unless the employer has asked for a resume only. Use the appropriate delivery method -- email, fax or postal mail -- and remember to sign the cover letter. Make sure that both documents use the same header, font and paper.

Purpose of a Cover Letter

A cover letter adds a personal touch to the job application. When a prospective employer reads your cover letter, he knows immediately whether to read your resume. Write a letter that demonstrates your enthusiasm for the position, company and industry. Let the employer know how you learned about the position and why you would be a good fit for the company. Include highlights of your education, experience and background that are relevant to the position. State exactly what documents you are attaching or enclosing: resume, transcript, references or testimonials. Provide additional information not contained in the resume, such as your availability dates for an interview and your follow-up procedure.

Purpose of a Resume

A resume provides a brief summary of your education, skills, work experience and accomplishments. A well-written resume speaks loudly and clearly about your value as a potential employee. The performance profile and competency statements contain action words and the appropriate keywords -- words and phrases that represent knowledge, skills and abilities required for the industry. When a prospective employer reads your resume, she can answer the following questions: "How will this employee benefit our organization?" "What strengths does he bring to our workplace?"

Format of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a business letter. The inside address contains the name, title, organization and address of the prospective employer. Ensure that you have the correct spelling and title of the employer and use it in the salutation.

Most cover letters contain three paragraphs. Use the first paragraph to introduce yourself and ask to be considered for the job. Focus on your skills and achievements in the second paragraph. Ask for an interview in the third paragraph. Use an appropriate complimentary closing: Yours respectfully, Yours sincerely, Cordially yours or Yours truly. Include your handwritten and typewritten signature.

Format of a Resume

You can use the reverse chronological or functional format for your resume. The reverse chronological resume lists all employment and education, beginning with the most recent and working backward. More informal in tone, the functional format highlights three to five skill areas and downplays employment history. Start with a performance profile that contains three to five of your greatest skills and achievements. Alternatively, you can use a job objective or focus statement. The Work Experience section includes information about current and past employment. In the Education section, list all diplomas, degrees, certificates and training relevant to the position. Create additional sections to highlight proficiency in languages, computer expertise and volunteer involvement.

Related Articles

How to write personal information on a resume →, how to write a resume when you have been in education and want to get into the business world →.

How to Write a Cover Letter to a Previous Employer →

How to Apply for a Job Through Email →

How to Do a Resume for a Non-Skilled Worker →

How Do I Write a Resume Envelope? →

• "Gallery of Best Letters"; David F. Noble; 2007
• "Resume Magic"; Susan Britton Whitcomb; 2010

In 2008, Joanne Guidoccio opened a wordsmith business. She has been published in the "Guelph Daily Mercury," "Waterloo Record" and "Winnipeg Free Press". A retired school teacher, Guidoccio has a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and psychology from Laurentian University, a Bachelor of education from the University of Western Ontario and a Career Development Practitioner Diploma from Conestoga College.

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• Know the Difference Between Job application and Resume

Knowing the difference between a job application and a resume is of paramount importance. The process of applying for a job include submitting two different types of documents: a resume and a job application. At first glance, it can seem that these are two similar documents with the same information, but you are mistaken. Let’s discover what is the essential distinction between them in order not to screw up your employment process.

What Is a Job Application ?

A standard job application is a legal document required by the Human Resources department. It is a brief paper listing your essential qualification without explanation. For an employer job application serves to compare you fast to other candidates. A job application is a chronological laconic document of 1 or 2 pages. It also includes information that is never included in a resume: birth date, Social Security Number, driver’s license number, verification of military experience and training and even an inquiry about your criminal past. Usually, in a job application, you will be required to include full start/end dates of employment (month, day, year), names of previous manager, company name and location. The employer needs this info to verify your employment. You will also be asked to fill the salary history and current salary requirements. In some cases, employers can ask to add information concerning your GPA, semester hours and grades for certain subjects. You don’t have to include any additional information or special skills for job applications.

General Job Application Dos and Don'ts

Before filling out a job application, check out these dos and don’ts that will help you to create a correct one.

Job Application Dos:

• First of all, read the application form carefully before filling it. You have to follow strictly all the directions.
• Putting Social Security Number on job applications is obligatory.
• Make sure you include correct employment dates.
• Of course, you have to check your application for grammar or spelling errors.
• One of the biggest mistakes of all job seekers is not to contact their references before the application process begins. Call and make sure they know you want them to be your references.

Job Application Don’ts:

• Most importantly, never lie. All the information should be proven because it is a legal document.
• Do not exaggerate your experience, skills, abilities, because an employer will reveal the truth.
• Don’t leave any unfilled gaps.
• Don’t write ‘see resume’ for questions that require some wide explanation.

Your job application is very important. If an employer decides to hire you, a background check based on your application is inevitable, so prepare it thoroughly.

What Is a Resume?

A resume is the most common document required from job applicants. Typically, a resume is a brief summary of all skills, abilities, qualification, work history and educational background of a candidate. There are three resume types: chronological (the most common), functional and combination. Include a job history summary where you will explain why you are the best fit for a position and what are your main career goals. You can mention additional information on resume like training, licenses, language proficiency, but all the data provided should be relevant to a desired position. Writing a perfect resume is daunting, but check out the instruction that will facilitate this process.

Typical Resume Dos and Don'ts

Follow these simple guidelines in order to create an outstanding professional resume.

Common Resume Dos:

• Focus on your strengths. Include only your best characteristics and experience that will prove your professionalism and will convince an HR to hire you.
• It is imperative to tailor your resume to each specific position. Instead of mass mailing the same resume, make some adjustment to show your interest exactly in a certain job opening.
• Before sending a resume, proofread it multiple times. Errors and typos will kill your success on the spot.
• Choose an appropriate resume format that will fit the company’s culture.

Common Resume Don’ts:

• Don’t forget to list everything in reverse chronological order.
• Don’t put any irrelevant information. Even if you are proud of it, but it won’t make any difference to a recruiter - erase it immediately.
• Don’t forget that a resume is a concise document. Its length should be 1 page, in some exceptional cases, it can contain 2 pages.
• Don’t go into detail - 5 bullet points covering your essential duties will be more than enough.

Knowing the difference between a resume and a job application along with basic guidance on how to write perfect documents will lead you to success in your job search!

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The Difference Between a Cover Letter and a Letter of Interest

According to Zety , a service that creates professional communication templates, you use a cover letter to accompany your resume when you’re applying to a specific job, and use a letter of interest to put yourself forward for a job that isn’t advertised. Essentially, you’re pitching yourself to a company of interest, telling them your qualifications, and hoping they’ll identify a spot for you instead of waiting around for them to post an opening that aligns with your skills and experience.

Letters of interest are also helpful when someone has tipped you off to an opening that hasn’t yet been made public, according to Indeed . The goal is to introduce yourself to hiring managers and get your talents on their radar, even if it means they only keep you in mind for future opportunities.

A cover letter is reserved for when a specific job is available, so it might get you more immediate results. A letter of interest, on the other hand, could take months for results—but will help those in charge of hiring find a job that’s just right for you, should one become available.

What to include in a letter of interest

Your letter of interest should be full of background information highlighting why you’d be a great fit for the company. Unlike with cover letters, you won’t have a clear job posting or description of what the company wants right now, so you should first research the organization and identify what they do well, what they could use help with, and how your specific talents fit in somewhere. During your research, be sure to identify the most likely hiring manager, recruiter, or the manager of the team you want to be on, and address the letter to them.

Introduce yourself briefly by sharing your name and a one- or two-sentence description of your background. Then explain why you’re writing to that specific company. Share specific things about the organization that appeal to you, and then explain how you fit into what you described, sharing your experience, skills, training, and interests. If your research turned up anything about the company culture, describe how you’ll fit in and what benefits you’ll add. Finally, end your letter with a request for an informal interview. Having a chat with the hiring managers or recruiters will help them get to know you and better ensure you stick in their memory in case a job opens up in the future.

Like a cover letter, it shouldn’t exceed one page and should include your contact details. Also like a cover letter, you should try to make it as specific to the company as possible and not use a boilerplate template. In fact, in this instance, you should be even more specific about your interest in the company. Make sure you point out the details about the organization that interest and excite you, so they know you did your research.

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