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Unit 7 - Reported Speech
- Learn English
- English Written Course
Reported Speech
Sometimes we need to say what another person said. There are two ways to do this in English, direct speech and reported speech.
Direct Speech
Direct speech restates exactly what another person said. For example: - Jane said, "I'm so happy today". - The president said, "I need a vacation".
Reported speech reports indirectly what another person said. For example: - Jane said she was so happy today. - The president said he needed a vacation.
Reported speech usually uses the past form of direct speech. So if the direct speech is in the present, the reported speech is in the past. For example: Direct Speech - I said, "She is in her office." Reported Speech - I said she was in her office. Also if the direct speech is in the past, the reported speech uses the past perfect. Direct Speech - I said, "She was in her office at lunchtime." Reported Speech - I said she had been in her office at lunchtime. OR - I said she was in her office at lunchtime. In modern English the past perfect is often not necessary for past reported speech, you can simply use the past simple instead.
Here are some common verb forms in direct and reported speech.
Simple present:
Present continuous:
Simple past:
Past continuous:
Present perfect:
Past perfect:
Future continuous:
Direct / Reported Speech
I said, "She is busy". - I said she was busy.
I said, "I am working now". - I said I was working now
I said, "She was here this morning". - I said she was here this morning. OR I said she had been here this morning.
I said "She was studying all yesterday" - I said she was studying all yesterday. OR I said she had been studying all yesterday
I said, "She has worked here for 5 years." - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
I said, "She had worked here for 5 years." - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
I said, "She will work here from July." - I said she would work here from July.
I said, "We' ll be living here for 6 months." - I said we would be living here for 6 months.
I said, "She can play the piano well." - I said she could play the piano well.
Reported speech is often given as part of a that-clause, especially in written or more formal language. For example: - He said that he would arrive at 10.00. - He said he would arrive at 10.00. These two mean the same thing, and that can be omitted without any change in meaning.
Grammar Exercises
Example: Carlos _____ he can come tomorrow. a) is saying b) said that c) will said The answer is: b) said that ----------
1. The doctor ____ to the patient, "You are fine." a) said b) said that c) quoted
2. I thought ______ I will be there after dinner. a) says b) said that c) saying
3. I said _____ grateful for all of your hard work. a) I was b) that c) I am being
4. The politician Ă _____ Ă he will not raise taxes a) said b) says c) saying
5. The husband _____ to his wife, "I love you." a) said that b) saying c) said
6. I heard the professor _____ we will have two tests next week. a) saying b) said that c) will say
7. I ____ to the kids, "Behave yourself!" a) said that b) saying c) said
8. The mechanic _____ the car needs a new engine. a) say b) said that c) is said
9. On the news tomorrow, the President _____ what he plans on doing about the economy. a) said that b) will say c) says
10. The police officer said that he ____ the man at the scene of the crime last week. a) saw b) saw that c) sees
"a","b","a","a","c","b","c","b","b","a"
Hank: I heard we’ll have a pop quiz in class. Erin: At the beinning of the semester, the teacher said that it’s possible he’ll give a pop quiz, but it's not a definite thing. Hank: Well, yesterday, I overheard the teacher say to Mrs Flowers “I’m giving them a pop quiz this Friday.” So I’m pretty sure it’s a definite thing at this point!
Husband: I can’t believe you said that you don’t like my art! Wife: I didn’t say that I don’t like your art. I just said, “Your art could get better.” I'm just trying to tell you that your art is full of potential!
Reported Speech
Perfect english grammar.
Reported Statements
Here's how it works:
We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:
- Direct speech: I like ice cream.
- Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'. (As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)
But , if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:
- Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
* doesn't change.
- Direct speech: The sky is blue.
- Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.
Click here for a mixed tense exercise about practise reported statements. Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.
Reported Questions
So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?
- Direct speech: Where do you live?
- Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
- Direct speech: Where is Julie?
- Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.
- Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
- Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.
Click here to practise reported 'wh' questions. Click here to practise reported 'yes / no' questions. Reported Requests
There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:
- Direct speech: Close the window, please
- Or: Could you close the window please?
- Or: Would you mind closing the window please?
- Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
- Direct speech: Please don't be late.
- Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.
Reported Orders
- Direct speech: Sit down!
- Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
- Click here for an exercise to practise reported requests and orders.
- Click here for an exercise about using 'say' and 'tell'.
- Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.
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- English Grammar
- Clause structure and verb patterns
Reported speech
Level: intermediate
Reporting and summarising
When we want to report what people say, we don't usually try to report their exact words. We usually give a summary , for example:
Direct speech (exact words) :
Mary : Oh dear. We've been walking for hours! I'm exhausted. I don't think I can go any further. I really need to stop for a rest. Peter : Don't worry. I'm not surprised you're tired. I'm tired too. I'll tell you what, let's see if we can find a place to sit down, and then we can stop and have our picnic.
Reported speech (summary) :
When Mary complained that she was tired out after walking so far, Peter said they could stop for a picnic.
Reporting verbs
When we want to report what people say, we use reporting verbs . Different reporting verbs have different patterns, for example:
Mary complained (that) she was tired . (verb + that clause) She asked if they could stop for a rest . (verb + if clause) Peter told her not to worry . (verb + to -infinitive) He suggested stopping and having a picnic . (verb + - ing form)
See reporting verbs with that , wh- and if clauses , verbs followed by the infinitive , verbs followed by the -ing form .
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Tenses in reported speech
When reporting what people say or think in English, we need to remember that the rules for tense forms in reported speech are exactly the same as in the rest of the language.
This is a letter that Andrew wrote ten years ago:
If we wanted to report what Andrew said in his letter, we might say something like this:
Andrew said that when he was 22, he was an engineering student in his last month at university. He wanted to travel abroad after he had finished his course at the university, but he would need to earn some money while he was abroad so he wanted to learn to teach English as a foreign language. A friend had recommended a course but Andrew needed more information, so he wrote to the school and asked them when their courses started and how much they were . He also wanted to know if there was an examination at the end of the course.
We would naturally use past tense forms to talk about things which happened ten years ago. So, tenses in reports and summaries in English are the same as in the rest of the language.
Sometimes we can choose between a past tense form and a present tense form. If we're talking about the past but we mention something that's still true , we can use the present tense:
John said he'd stayed at the Shangri-la because it' s the best hotel in town. Mary said she enjoyed the film because Robert de Niro is her favourite actor. Helen said she loves visiting New York.
or the past tense:
John said he'd stayed at the Shangri-la because it was the best hotel in town. Mary said she enjoyed the film because Robert de Niro was her favourite actor. Helen said she loved visiting New York.
If we're talking about something that everybody knows is true , we normally use the present tense :
Michael said he'd always wanted to climb Everest because it' s the highest mountain in the world. Mary said she loved visiting New York because it' s such an exciting city.
Hi! I found the following paragraph from a grammar site while I was studying the reported speech. Can you help me? It says; --> We can use a perfect form with have + -ed form after modal verbs, especially where the report looks back to a hypothetical event in the past: He said the noise might have been the postman delivering letters. (original statement: âThe noise might be the postman delivering letters.â)
And my question is: How do we understand if it is a hypothetical event in the past or not? We normally don't change 'might' in reported speech. (e.g. âIt might snow tonight,â he warned. --> He warned that it might snow that night.) But why do we say 'He said the noise might have been the postman delivering letters.' instead of 'He said that the noise might be the postman delivering letters.â What's the difference between these two indirect reported speeches? Could you please explain the difference? And I also found this example which is about the same rule above: --> He said he would have helped us if weâd needed a volunteer. (original statement: a) âIâll help you if you need a volunteerâ or b) âIâd help you if you needed a volunteer.â) Can you also explain why we report this sentence like that. How can we both change a) and b) into the same indirect reported speech? Thank you very much!
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Hello Melis_06,
1. He said the noise might have been the postman delivering letters. 2. He said that the noise might be the postman delivering letters.
In sentence 1 it is clear that the noise has ended; it is a noise that 'he' could hear but it is not a noise that you can hear now. In sentence 2 the noise could have ended or it could be a noise that you can still hear now. For example, if the noise is one which is constant, such as a noise that comes from your car engine that you are still trying to identify, then you would use sentence 2. In other words, sentence 2 allows for a wider range of time possibilities - both past (ended) and present (still current).
Your second question is similar:
He said he would have helped us if we needed a volunteer - you no longer need a volunteer
He said he would help us if we needed a volunteer - this could still be relevant; you may still need a volunteer.
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello my friend : what are you doing now? me : I'm eating an apple now and My friend repeated his question now
my question
Can I repeat the sentence in the past ( I was eating an apple) and mean( I'm eating an apple now) ?
You can but it is unusual. If you say I was eating an apple (past continuous), it means that it was in the past. You already finished eating the apple and you are not eating it now. But if your friend asked you just a moment ago, I guess you are still eating the apple when she/he asks the second question, so I would say I'm eating an apple (because you are still doing it).
Alternatively, you can use a past tense reporting verb e.g. I said I was eating an apple (referring to the time of the first question), or I said I 'm eating an apple (to show that you are still eating it now, at the moment of speaking).
LearnEnglish team
Am I correct then? When someone wants us to repeat the sentence we have just said a moment ago we say 'I said I am doing...' if we are still doing that action. But if we are done with that action, then we say 'I said I was doing...' Did I get it right? Thanks!
Hello Meldo,
Yes, that's correct. Well done!
Hi. I wish to enquire if the verb tense used after a conjunction also changes in complex sentences as per tense transition rules, especially if it is already in simple past tense. In order to explain, could you please solve the following for me: 1. It has been quite a while since I last saw you. 2. Nevertheless, she has been quite desensitized to such perverse actions to the extent that it seldom ever seems obnoxious to her. 3. Let me keep this in my cupboard lest I misplace this. 4. I had arrived at the station before you even left your house. 5. I met my grandfather before he died.
Hi Aamna bluemoon,
The verb may or may not be backshifted, depending on whether the original speaker's point of view and the reporter's point of view are the same or not. For example:
- She said it had been quite a while since she last saw me . (it seems relatively recent, for both the original speaker and the reporter)
- She said it had been quite a while since she had last seen us . (a lot of time has passed between speaking and reporting this, or the situation has changed a lot since then e.g. they have met frequently since then)
- She said she had met her grandfather before he died . (seems quite recent)
- She said she had met her grandfather before he'd died . (a lot of time has passed between speaking and reporting this)
I hope that helps.
Hi, can you help me, please? How could I report this famous quotation: 'There's no such things as good news in America'.
Hi bri.q630,
First of all, the sentence is not grammatically correct. The phrase is 'no such thing' (singular), not 'things'.
How you report it depends. Using 'said' as the reporting verb we have two possibilities:
1. They said (that) there's no such thing as good news in America. 2. They said (that) there was no such thing as good news in America.
Sentence 2 tells that only about the time when 'they' said it. It does not tell us if it is still true or not.
Sentence 1 tells us that what 'they' said is still relevant today. In other words there was no good news (in their opinion) when they spoke, and there is still no good news now.
Thank you Peter,
All things are getting clear to me.
So, you mean, I can use both sentences depending on what I want to indicate, can't I?
then the possible indications are bellow, are those correct?
1-a I remembered the World War 2 ended in 1945. (This would be indicated the statement is still ture.)
1-b I remembered the World War 2 had ended in 1945. (This would be indicated I might missunderstand.)
2-a I felt time is money. (This would be indicated the statement is still ture.)
2-b I felf time was money. (This would be indicated I might not feel any more.)
3-a I knew the sun rises in the east. (This would be indicated the statement is still true.)
3-b I knew the sun rase in the east. (This would be indicated I might misunderstand or forget.)
4-a I guessed* that Darth Vader is Luke's father. (This would be indicated I still believe he is.*sorry for the typo)
4-2 I guessed that Darth Vader was Luke's father. (This would be indicated I might know he is not.)
Thank you in advance.
Hello again Nobori,
1-a I remembered the World War 2 ended in 1945. (This would be indicated the statement is still ture.) 1-b I remembered the World War 2 had ended in 1945. (This would be indicated I might missunderstand.)
Both forms are possible here. The 'ending' is a moment in the past; after this there is no war. By the way, we treat 'World War 2' as a name so there is no article before it.
2-a I felt time is money. (This would be indicated the statement is still ture.) 2-b I felf time was money. (This would be indicated I might not feel any more.)
That's correct. Remember that backshifting the verb does not mean something is no longer true; it simply does not tell us anything about the present. Here, it tells the reader how you felt at a given moment in time; you may
3-a I knew the sun rises in the east. (This would be indicated the statement is still true.) 3-b I knew the sun rase in the east. (This would be indicated I might misunderstand or forget.)
That's also correct. Again, remember that backshifting the verb does not mean something is no longer true; it simply does not tell us anything about the present.
4-a I guessed* that Darth Vader is Luke's father. (This would be indicated I still believe he is.*sorry for the typo) 4-2 I guessed that Darth Vader was Luke's father. (This would be indicated I might know he is not.)
Again, correct. In the second example it might still be true that he is Luke's father, or it might have turned out to be not true. The sentence does not tell us.
Hi Peter, Thank you for your thoughtful answer. Allthing is now very clear to me. Best
Hi, I am translating a fiction novel into English and need your help regarding the reporting speech as for few things I am not getting any clear understanding over the internet. As you know in fiction, we need to write in non-ordinary way to create unique impressions of the word and academic writing is different than speaking. Will be grateful if you could give your insight below, especially considering in the context of fiction/academic writing.
1) Letâs say If someone is giving a speech or presentation, I want to mix their speech, indirect-direct and past tense- present tense. Below are three examples:
-He said, their company makes excellent profit every year OR their company made excellent profit every year ( can both be correct? As the sentence)
- Roger had given his speech yesterday. He said, their company makes excellent profit every year and your company will sustain for next hundred years.(Can YOUR be used in the sentence)
- Roger said people wants to feel important OR Roger said people wanted to feel important (which will be correct as this is a trait which is true in past and present)
2) He thought why he is talking to her OR He thought why he was talking to her (are both write? As usually I see in novels the second example with WAS)
3) Gia was sitting with Jake and she told him she had met with her last year. Her mother had taken her to the dinner. Her mother had told her about her future plans. Her mother also had paid the bill for the dinner. (Do I need to use every time past perfect in this example though it doesnât feel natural? As a rule of thumb I think past perfect needs to be used when we talk about another past event in the past )
Hello Alamgir3,
We're happy to help with a few specific grammar questions, but I'm afraid we can't help you with your translation -- I'd suggest you find an editor for that.
1) In the second clause, you can use present or past. We often use the present when it's still true now, but the past is not wrong. FYI we don't normally use a comma after 'said' in reported speech.
2) 'Why was he talking to her?' he thought.
3) This is really more of a question of style than grammar. Here I would suggest doing something like combining the four sentences into two and then leaving out 'had' in the second verb in each sentence. Even if it isn't written, it's understood to be past perfect.
All the best, Kirk LearnEnglish team
Hello teachers, I'm sorry, I could not find where to new post. Could you tell me about the back-sifting of thoughts bellow? Which forms are correct?
1-a I remembered the World War 2 ended in 1945. 1-b I remembered the World War 2 had ended in 1945.
2-a I felt time is money. 2-b I felf time was money.
3-a I knew the sun rises in the east. 3-b I knew the sun rase in the east.
4-a I guess that Darth Vader is Luke's father. 4-2 I guessed that Darth Vader was Luke's father.
Do those questions have the same conclusion as indirect speech, such as say and tell?
Hello Nobori,
The verb form remains the same when we want to make it clear that the situation described by the verb is still true, and this works in the same way as indirect speech. For example:
She said she loves me. [she loved me then and she loves me still] She said she loved me. [she loved me then; no information on how she feels now]
Other than this rule, the choice is really contextual and stylistic (up to the speaker). Sometimes a choice implies something. For example, the saying 'time is money' is a general statement, so if you choose to backshift here the listener will know it is an intentional choice and suspect that something has changed (you no longer believe it).
Hi teachers, I've read almost the section of comments below and my summarize is the present tense only can be used if the statement is still true now and past simple only tells the statement was true in the past and doesn't tell the statement is true or not now. Just to make sure, I wanna ask, If I'm not sure whether the statement is still true or not now, can I choose backshift instead (this is still apply to past tense become past perfect)? Thank you
Hello rahmanagustiansyah,
It sounds to me as if you've got the right general idea. Could you please give a couple of example sentences that illustrate your question?
Thanks in advance, Kirk The LearnEnglish Team
For example, Steve said "Anna hates you." Then I wanna tell about that to my friend, but I'm not sure whether Anna still hates me or not now. What should I choose between these two options. Answer 1:Steve said Anna hates me or Answer 2 : Steve said Anna hated me. Thank you
Hi rahmanagustiansyah,
In that case, I would choose answer 2. I might even add "... but I don't know if she still does" to the sentence to clarify, if that is the key point you want to communicate.
Jonathan The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Natasa Tanasa,
Both sentences are grammatically possible.
The first sentence is only possible if when the person asks the original question the woman is no longer there (she has already gone). The second sentence can be used in this situation too, or in a situation in which the woman was still there when the original question was asked. As the past tense is used in the original question ( Who was... ), both sentences are possible.
Hello Ahmed Imam,
When the situation is still true at the time of reporting, we can leave the verb form unchanged. For example:
1. She told me she loved me.
2. She told me she loves me.
In sentence 1 we know she loved me when she told me but we don't know whether or not she loves me now. In sentence 2, we know she loved me when she told me and we know that she loves me now.
In your example, if the supermarket is still in the same place then we can use either form. If the supermarket has been closed down or moved to another location then we need to use was .
As for which is 'safer', you'll need to make your own mind up! Keeping the verb in the same form carries more specific information and that may be appropriate or even important.
Hello eugelatina87,
I'll give you a hint: a verb is missing from the question.
Does that help you complete it?
All the best,
The first two sentences are possible and they can both mean that he is still Mary's boyfriend now. The first one makes this more clear, but the second one doesn't only refer to the past.
Hello magnuslin
Regarding your first question, the most common way of saying it is the second one. In some very specific situation, perhaps the first option would be possible.
This also answers your second question. It is not necessary to always backshift using the tenses you mention.
As for your third question, no, it is not necessary. In fact, it is probably more common to use the past simple in the reported speech as well.
All the best
Hello manu,
Both forms are possible. If you use had been then we understand that he was there earlier but not when he said it - in other words, when he said it he had already left. If you use was then he may have left at the time of speaking, or he may have still been there.
Hello _princess_
I would recommend using answer a) because this is the general pattern used in reported speech. Sometimes the verb in the reported clause can be in the present tense when we are speaking about a situation that is still true, but the reported verb in the past tense can also have the same meaning. Since here the time referred to could be either past or present, I'd recommend using the past form.
Hello mwright,
This is an example of an indirect question. An indirect question reports a question, but is not a question itself, which is why we do not use a question mark at the end. Since it is not a question, we use the normal word order without inversion or auxiliary verbs. For example:
Indicative: He lives in Rome. Interrogative: Does he live in Rome? (Where does he live?) Reported: She asked if he lives in Rome. (She asked where he lives.)
Hello ahlinthit
There are different styles of punctuating direct speech -- in other words, you might find other sources that will disagree with me -- but what I would use here is something different: "The boss is dead!" said the doctor.
Hope this helps.
Best wishes
Hello Timmosky,
The form that comes after the auxiliary verb 'do' (or 'does' or 'did') is not the plural present simple verb, but rather the bare infinitive (also known as 'base form' or 'first form') of the verb. Does that make sense?
All the best, Kirk The LearnEnglish Team
Hello sky-high,
This is very formal language. The phrase 'to the effect that' means 'with the meaning that'. In this context it can be understood to mean 'with the result that'.
Best wishes,
The difference is quite logical. If we use 'said' then we are talking about a claim by Peter in the past which he may or may not still maintain. If we use 'says' then we are talking about an opinion expressed by Peter which he still holds.
The reported information (whether or not Rooney is in good shape) can refer to only the past or to the present as well and the statement (what Peter thinks) can separately refer to only the past or the present as well. Of course, all of this is from the point of view of the person reporting Peter's opinion, and whether or not they think that Peter still thinks now what he thought then.
Both are possible. If you use the present tense then it is clear that the statement is still true (i.e. the business was not growing when Mary spoke and is still not growing now). If you use the past tense then no information is given regarding the present (i.e. the business was growing when Mary spoke and may or may not be growing now).
Hello aseel aftab,
It should be 'if they had'. This is not from this page, is it? I don't see it anywhere here, but if I've missed it please let me know.
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4.3 GRAMMAR: Reported Speech
There are two basic ways: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech is an exact account of what someone said or wrote. To include direct speech in your writing, enclose the words in “quotation marks.” Indirect speech is a restatement of what someone said or wrote. Indirect speech does not use the personâs exact words. You do not need to use quotation marks for indirect quotations.
Direct speech (quoting)
One way to report what a person said or wrote is to repeat their exact words. This is called direct speech. The person’s words are called a quotation.
To use direct speech, you must repeat the person’s words exactly. You use a verb of attribution and specific punctuation. Quotation marks show readers another personâs exact words. Often, you will want to identify who is speaking. You can do this at the beginning, middle, or end of the quote. Notice the use of commas and capitalized words.
Look at these examples:
- “I’m no prophet. My job is making windows where there were once walls,” said philosopher Michel Foucault.
- Michel Foucault said, “I’m no prophet. My job is making windows where there were once walls.”
- “I’m no prophet,” said philosopher Michel Foucault. “My job is making windows where there were once walls.”
They all mean exactly the same thing. The difference between these three options is merely a matter of style. What is important, however, is the punctuation. Pay attention to quotation marks, commas, periods, and spaces.
Use single quotation marks to enclose a quote within a quote. For example: “He said, ‘The futurist told me to buy stock in plastics.'”
- A quotation must be exactly the same as the original text.
- A quotation must use âquotation marksâ surrounding the exact text.
- A quotation must give credit to the original author or speaker.
- According to Sports Illustrated , âEliminating drug use from Olympic Sports would be no small challenge.â
- â Eliminating drug use from Olympic Sports would be no small challenge,â according to Sports Illustrated .
Indirect speech (paraphrasing)
Another way to report what a person says is indirect speech. Here, you don’t need to use the other person’s exact words. In informal situations, you may change only a word or two (such as the verb tense). Other times, such as in formal academic research writing, you paraphrase, or say the same thing using different words or a different word order. When you paraphrase, you usually use a verb of attribution followed by a noun clause, often introduced by the relative pronoun that . Here’s how you can paraphrase the example from above:
- Philosopher Michel Foucault says he doesn’t see the future, but instead helps people find ways to put windows in walls.
- Michel Foucault says he’s not a philosopher; rather, he helps people see beyond what is immediately in front of them.
The 4 Rs of paraphrasing
According to the Virtual Library, here are four steps to paraphrase:
- Reword the text by using synonyms or different parts of speech; change verb tense or change active verbs to passive and vice versa.
- Rearrange by moving words to make new sentences or reorganize the sentences in a passage.
- Realize that not all words or phrases can be changed; you wonât be able to replace names, dates, titles, or technical words.
- Recheck your work to make sure it carries the same meaning as the original; a paraphrase does not add or omit any information, and it does not include your personal opinion.
NOTE: In formal academic writing, we often use a reporting verb in the present simple tense. Example:Â The author of this book suggests that the real reason for the wildfires was human carelessness.
Letâs look at another example:
Using quotation : Many people believe they can get more done if they do several things at the same time. However, Steven Pinker disagrees. In his article âMind Over Mass Mediaâ in The New York Times (2010), Pinker says, âGenuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as a myth, not just by laboratory studies but by the familiar sight of an S.U.V. undulating between lanes as the driver cuts deals on his cellphoneâ (A31). Pinker goes on to explain that there are better ways to be more effective and efficient âŠ
Using paraphrase : Many people believe they can get more done if they do several things at the same time. However, Steven Pinker disagrees. Pinker (2010) writes that people cannot really do more than one thing at a time; one can see this from scientific research projects and also from just watching a car moving unpredictably down the highway while the driver is talking on a cell phone (A31). Pinker goes on to explain that there are better ways to be more effective and efficient âŠ
Note the three steps we took in making this paraphrase:
- We defined the key term. (âGenuine multitaskingâ = âdo more than one thing at a timeâ)
- We used different vocabulary. (âlaboratory studiesâ = âscientific research projectsâ; âan S.U.V. undulating between lanesâ = âa car moving unpredictably down the highwayâ)
- We used different grammar. (âhas been exposedâ = âone can seeâ; âby the familiar sightâ = âfrom just watchingâ)
- A paraphrase has the same meaning (all main ideas included; no new ideas added).
- A paraphrase is different enough to be considered your own words (uses no more than a few words in a row from the original source; changes vocabulary and grammar as much as possible)
- A paraphrase refers to (cites) the original source.
Use the following exercise to check your understanding. This exercise is for practice; it is not graded, and you may complete it as many times as you wish.
1. Which of the options below describes this sentence best? The artist said the studio smelled like “paint and possibility.”
- The sentence uses a quotation to explain what the artist said.
- There is no paraphrase (because there are “quotation marks”), but there is also no direct speech because the quote is not a full sentence.
- The sentence uses a quotation, but the whole sentence is incomplete and therefore only a fragment.
- The sentence paraphrases what the artist said.
2. Paraphrasing, which is also called “indirect speech,” uses the exact same words as the original source.
3. Here is a sentence from an article by Mary Lynch:Â The value of education is more than knowledge. How would I report this as indirect speech (paraphrase)?
- The value of education is more than knowledge, believes Mary Lynch.
- In Mary Lynch’s opinion, “The value of education is more than knowledge.”
- Mary Lynch suggests that knowledge is not the only important thing about learning.
- Mary Lynch says education and training are very important.
4. Here is a sentence from an article by Doug Drial: Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859. How would I report this as direct speech (quotation)?
- Doug Drial writes Oregon as a state in 1859.
- According to Doug Drial, February 14, 1859 was the date when Oregon became a state.
- Doug Drial says Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859.
- Doug Drial says, “Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859.”
5. In formal academic writing, we should …
- use a variety of both direct and indirect speech
- use only direct speech
- always use only my own ideas and never support from outside sources
- use only indirect speech
6. Which of the following are ways to help you paraphrase? (choose all that apply)
- change only the punctuation
- change the word forms
- change the word order
- use the other person’s exact words
- use synonyms
- use quotation marks
- change the verb tense
- use a metaphor or simile
7. In formal academic writing, you usually use the __________________ tense to report what others have said or written.
- present perfect
- simple future
- simple present
- simple past
8. A comma or period usually goes outside (after) the quotation mark.
9. Which of the following uses correct grammar?
- My teacher said me to cite my outside sources of information.
- My teacher told me to cite my outside sources of information.
- My teacher says me to cite my outside sources of information.
- My teacher tells to cite my outside sources of information.
10. A quotation, which is also called “direct speech,” must use the speaker’s or writer’s exact words.
Some text has been adapted from âQuotation Marks | English 112: Exposition and Persuasion.â Courses.lumenlearning.com, courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-engl112/chapter/quotation-marks/ . Accessed 29 Dec. 2021.
Synthesis Copyright © 2022 by Timothy Krause is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.
What is Reported Speech and how to use it? with Examples
Reported speech and indirect speech are two terms that refer to the same concept, which is the act of expressing what someone else has said. Reported speech is different from direct speech because it does not use the speaker's exact words. Instead, the reporting verb is used to introduce the reported speech, and the tense and pronouns are changed to reflect the shift in perspective. There are two main types of reported speech: statements and questions. 1. Reported Statements: In reported statements, the reporting verb is usually "said." The tense in the reported speech changes from the present simple to the past simple, and any pronouns referring to the speaker or listener are changed to reflect the shift in perspective. For example, "I am going to the store," becomes "He said that he was going to the store." 2. Reported Questions: In reported questions, the reporting verb is usually "asked." The tense in the reported speech changes from the present simple to the past simple, and the word order changes from a question to a statement. For example, "What time is it?" becomes "She asked what time it was." It's important to note that the tense shift in reported speech depends on the context and the time of the reported speech. Here are a few more examples: ââ Direct speech: "I will call you later." Reported speech: He said that he would call me later. ââ Direct speech: "Did you finish your homework?" Reported speech: She asked if I had finished my homework. ââ Direct speech: "I love pizza." Reported speech: They said that they loved pizza.
When do we use reported speech?
Reported speech is used to report what someone else has said, thought, or written. It is often used in situations where you want to relate what someone else has said without quoting them directly. Reported speech can be used in a variety of contexts, such as in news reports, academic writing, and everyday conversation. Some common situations where reported speech is used include: News reports: Journalists often use reported speech to quote what someone said in an interview or press conference. Business and professional communication: In professional settings, reported speech can be used to summarize what was discussed in a meeting or to report feedback from a customer. Conversational English: In everyday conversations, reported speech is used to relate what someone else said. For example, "She told me that she was running late." Narration: In written narratives or storytelling, reported speech can be used to convey what a character said or thought.
How to make reported speech?
1. Change the pronouns and adverbs of time and place: In reported speech, you need to change the pronouns, adverbs of time and place to reflect the new speaker or point of view. Here's an example: Direct speech: "I'm going to the store now," she said. Reported speech: She said she was going to the store then. In this example, the pronoun "I" is changed to "she" and the adverb "now" is changed to "then." 2. Change the tense: In reported speech, you usually need to change the tense of the verb to reflect the change from direct to indirect speech. Here's an example: Direct speech: "I will meet you at the park tomorrow," he said. Reported speech: He said he would meet me at the park the next day. In this example, the present tense "will" is changed to the past tense "would." 3. Change reporting verbs: In reported speech, you can use different reporting verbs such as "say," "tell," "ask," or "inquire" depending on the context of the speech. Here's an example: Direct speech: "Did you finish your homework?" she asked. Reported speech: She asked if I had finished my homework. In this example, the reporting verb "asked" is changed to "said" and "did" is changed to "had." Overall, when making reported speech, it's important to pay attention to the verb tense and the changes in pronouns, adverbs, and reporting verbs to convey the original speaker's message accurately.
How do I change the pronouns and adverbs in reported speech?
1. Changing Pronouns: In reported speech, the pronouns in the original statement must be changed to reflect the perspective of the new speaker. Generally, the first person pronouns (I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours) are changed according to the subject of the reporting verb, while the second and third person pronouns (you, your, yours, he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs) are changed according to the object of the reporting verb. For example: Direct speech: "I love chocolate." Reported speech: She said she loved chocolate. Direct speech: "You should study harder." Reported speech: He advised me to study harder. Direct speech: "She is reading a book." Reported speech: They noticed that she was reading a book. 2. Changing Adverbs: In reported speech, the adverbs and adverbial phrases that indicate time or place may need to be changed to reflect the perspective of the new speaker. For example: Direct speech: "I'm going to the cinema tonight." Reported speech: She said she was going to the cinema that night. Direct speech: "He is here." Reported speech: She said he was there. Note that the adverb "now" usually changes to "then" or is omitted altogether in reported speech, depending on the context. It's important to keep in mind that the changes made to pronouns and adverbs in reported speech depend on the context and the perspective of the new speaker. With practice, you can become more comfortable with making these changes in reported speech.
How do I change the tense in reported speech?
In reported speech, the tense of the reported verb usually changes to reflect the change from direct to indirect speech. Here are some guidelines on how to change the tense in reported speech: Present simple in direct speech changes to past simple in reported speech. For example: Direct speech: "I like pizza." Reported speech: She said she liked pizza. Present continuous in direct speech changes to past continuous in reported speech. For example: Direct speech: "I am studying for my exam." Reported speech: He said he was studying for his exam. Present perfect in direct speech changes to past perfect in reported speech. For example: Direct speech: "I have finished my work." Reported speech: She said she had finished her work. Past simple in direct speech changes to past perfect in reported speech. For example: Direct speech: "I visited my grandparents last weekend." Reported speech: She said she had visited her grandparents the previous weekend. Will in direct speech changes to would in reported speech. For example: Direct speech: "I will help you with your project." Reported speech: He said he would help me with my project. Can in direct speech changes to could in reported speech. For example: Direct speech: "I can speak French." Reported speech: She said she could speak French. Remember that the tense changes in reported speech depend on the tense of the verb in the direct speech, and the tense you use in reported speech should match the time frame of the new speaker's perspective. With practice, you can become more comfortable with changing the tense in reported speech.
Do I always need to use a reporting verb in reported speech?
No, you do not always need to use a reporting verb in reported speech. However, using a reporting verb can help to clarify who is speaking and add more context to the reported speech. In some cases, the reported speech can be introduced by phrases such as "I heard that" or "It seems that" without using a reporting verb. For example: Direct speech: "I'm going to the cinema tonight." Reported speech with a reporting verb: She said she was going to the cinema tonight. Reported speech without a reporting verb: It seems that she's going to the cinema tonight. However, it's important to note that using a reporting verb can help to make the reported speech more formal and accurate. When using reported speech in academic writing or journalism, it's generally recommended to use a reporting verb to make the reporting more clear and credible. Some common reporting verbs include say, tell, explain, ask, suggest, and advise. For example: Direct speech: "I think we should invest in renewable energy." Reported speech with a reporting verb: She suggested that they invest in renewable energy. Overall, while using a reporting verb is not always required, it can be helpful to make the reported speech more clear and accurate.
How to use reported speech to report questions and commands?
1. Reporting Questions: When reporting questions, you need to use an introductory phrase such as "asked" or "wondered" followed by the question word (if applicable), subject, and verb. You also need to change the word order to make it a statement. Here's an example: Direct speech: "What time is the meeting?" Reported speech: She asked what time the meeting was. Note that the question mark is not used in reported speech. 2. Reporting Commands: When reporting commands, you need to use an introductory phrase such as "ordered" or "told" followed by the person, to + infinitive, and any additional information. Here's an example: Direct speech: "Clean your room!" Reported speech: She ordered me to clean my room. Note that the exclamation mark is not used in reported speech. In both cases, the tense of the reported verb should be changed accordingly. For example, present simple changes to past simple, and future changes to conditional. Here are some examples: Direct speech: "Will you go to the party with me?" Reported speech: She asked if I would go to the party with her. Direct speech: "Please bring me a glass of water." Reported speech: She requested that I bring her a glass of water. Remember that when using reported speech to report questions and commands, the introductory phrases and verb tenses are important to convey the intended meaning accurately.
How to make questions in reported speech?
To make questions in reported speech, you need to use an introductory phrase such as "asked" or "wondered" followed by the question word (if applicable), subject, and verb. You also need to change the word order to make it a statement. Here are the steps to make questions in reported speech: Identify the reporting verb: The first step is to identify the reporting verb in the sentence. Common reporting verbs used to report questions include "asked," "inquired," "wondered," and "wanted to know." Change the tense and pronouns: Next, you need to change the tense and pronouns in the sentence to reflect the shift from direct to reported speech. The tense of the verb is usually shifted back one tense (e.g. from present simple to past simple) in reported speech. The pronouns should also be changed as necessary to reflect the shift in perspective from the original speaker to the reporting speaker. Use an appropriate question word: If the original question contained a question word (e.g. who, what, where, when, why, how), you should use the same question word in the reported question. If the original question did not contain a question word, you can use "if" or "whether" to introduce the reported question. Change the word order: In reported speech, the word order of the question changes from the inverted form to a normal statement form. The subject usually comes before the verb, unless the original question started with a question word. Here are some examples of reported questions: Direct speech: "What time is the meeting?" Reported speech: She asked what time the meeting was. Direct speech: "Did you finish your homework?" Reported speech: He wanted to know if I had finished my homework. Direct speech: "Where are you going?" Reported speech: She wondered where I was going. Remember that when making questions in reported speech, the introductory phrases and verb tenses are important to convey the intended meaning accurately. Here you can find more examples of direct and indirect questions
What is the difference between reported speech an indirect speech?
In reported or indirect speech, you are retelling or reporting what someone said using your own words. The tense of the reported speech is usually shifted back one tense from the tense used in the original statement. For example, if someone said, "I am going to the store," in reported speech you would say, "He/she said that he/she was going to the store." The main difference between reported speech and indirect speech is that reported speech usually refers to spoken language, while indirect speech can refer to both spoken and written language. Additionally, indirect speech is a broader term that includes reported speech as well as other ways of expressing what someone else has said, such as paraphrasing or summarizing.
Examples of direct speech to reported
1. Direct speech: "I am hungry," she said. Reported speech: She said she was hungry. 2. Direct speech: "Can you pass the salt, please?" he asked. Reported speech: He asked her to pass the salt. 3. Direct speech: "I will meet you at the cinema," he said. Reported speech: He said he would meet her at the cinema. 4. Direct speech: "I have been working on this project for hours," she said. Reported speech: She said she had been working on the project for hours. 5. Direct speech: "What time does the train leave?" he asked. Reported speech: He asked what time the train left. 6. Direct speech: "I love playing the piano," she said. Reported speech: She said she loved playing the piano. 7. Direct speech: "I am going to the grocery store," he said. Reported speech: He said he was going to the grocery store. 8. Direct speech: "Did you finish your homework?" the teacher asked. Reported speech: The teacher asked if he had finished his homework. 9. Direct speech: "I want to go to the beach," she said. Reported speech: She said she wanted to go to the beach. 10. Direct speech: "Do you need help with that?" he asked. Reported speech: He asked if she needed help with that. 11. Direct speech: "I can't come to the party," he said. Reported speech: He said he couldn't come to the party. 12. Direct speech: "Please don't leave me," she said. Reported speech: She begged him not to leave her. 13. Direct speech: "I have never been to London before," he said. Reported speech: He said he had never been to London before. 14. Direct speech: "Where did you put my phone?" she asked. Reported speech: She asked where she had put her phone. 15. Direct speech: "I'm sorry for being late," he said. Reported speech: He apologized for being late. 16. Direct speech: "I need some help with this math problem," she said. Reported speech: She said she needed some help with the math problem. 17. Direct speech: "I am going to study abroad next year," he said. Reported speech: He said he was going to study abroad the following year. 18. Direct speech: "Can you give me a ride to the airport?" she asked. Reported speech: She asked him to give her a ride to the airport. 19. Direct speech: "I don't know how to fix this," he said. Reported speech: He said he didn't know how to fix it. 20. Direct speech: "I hate it when it rains," she said. Reported speech: She said she hated it when it rained.
What is Direct and Indirect Speech?
Direct and indirect speech are two different ways of reporting spoken or written language. Let's delve into the details and provide some examples. Click here to read more
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Reported Speech
University  , reported questions, 10.1k plays, 7th - 9th  .
Unit 7 Reported Speech
20 questions
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- 1. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt Rika asked, "Why are they crying?" Rika asked why were they crying. Rika asked why we were crying. Rika asked why they were crying.
- 3. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt In indirect form, the word 'tomorrow' changes into ________ before the previous day the next day the folowing day
- 4. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt Which word needs to be omitted in the following sentence: Harish told to me that he was not well. to that me
- 5. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt "I don't like happy endings". He says he doesn't like happy endings. Correct Incorrect
- 14. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt "I'm so clever." He ... BOASTED REFUSED APOLOGISED ORDERED
- 15. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt "They were running around the table". She told me that they were running around the table. She told me that they had been running around the table. She told me that they had had been running around the table.
- 18. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt "Would you like me to carry this?" He ... OFFERED ADVISED REFUSED BEGGED
- 20. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt Katie's mum said, "Katie ran very quickly." Katie's mum said Katie had run very quickly. Katie's mum said Katie had run very quickly. Katie's mum said Katie ran very quickly.
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English Grammar Step by Step
Author: Miquel Molina i Diez
Pages: 1, Page 2">2 and The key">the key
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Contents
Introduction
Notes
1 Negative and interrogative sentences ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
2 Short answers ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
3 Question tags ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
4 Questions and exclamations ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
5 So, neither, nor, either ( the key">the key )
6 Be, used to, would, be/get/become used to, dare, have, get, become, grow, go, turn, fall and feel ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
7 Verb tenses: forms ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
8 Irregular verbs
9 Verb tenses: uses ( Page 2">Page 2 , Page 3">Page 3 , Page 4">Page 4 , Page 5">Page 5 and the key">the key )
10 Personal pronouns, possessives and reflexive pronouns ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
11 The genitive case ( the key">the key )
12 Singular and plural nouns ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
13 Gender ( the key">the key )
14 A, an, some, any, no, not, none, each, every and the; compounds of some, any, no and every ( Page 2">Page 2 , Page 3">Page 3 and the key">the key )
15 Neither, not...either, none, not...any, both and all ( the key">the key )
16 A few, few, a lot, lots, a little, little, many, much, no and plenty ( the key">the key )
17 Enough, too, so and such ( the key">the key )
18 Comparative and superlative sentences ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
19 Adjective order ( the key">the key )
20 Relative clauses ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
21 Do and make ( the key">the key )
22 Modal verbs ( Page 2">Page 2 , Page 3">Page 3 and the key">the key )
23 Infinitives, gerunds and present participles ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
24 Conditional sentences ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
25 Passive sentences ( the key">the key )
26 Reported speech ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
27 Purpose ( the key">the key )
28 Word order ( the key">the key )
29 Inversion ( the key">the key )
30 Connectors ( Page 2">Page 2 and the key">the key )
31 Prepositions ( Page 2">Page 2 , Page 3">Page 3 and the key">the key )
32 Phrasal verbs ( the key">the key )
- English Grammar
- Reported Speech
Reported Speech - Definition, Rules and Usage with Examples
Reported speech or indirect speech is the form of speech used to convey what was said by someone at some point of time. This article will help you with all that you need to know about reported speech, its meaning, definition, how and when to use them along with examples. Furthermore, try out the practice questions given to check how far you have understood the topic.
Table of Contents
Definition of reported speech, rules to be followed when using reported speech, table 1 – change of pronouns, table 2 – change of adverbs of place and adverbs of time, table 3 – change of tense, table 4 – change of modal verbs, tips to practise reported speech, examples of reported speech, check your understanding of reported speech, frequently asked questions on reported speech in english, what is reported speech.
Reported speech is the form in which one can convey a message said by oneself or someone else, mostly in the past. It can also be said to be the third person view of what someone has said. In this form of speech, you need not use quotation marks as you are not quoting the exact words spoken by the speaker, but just conveying the message.
Now, take a look at the following dictionary definitions for a clearer idea of what it is.
Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learnerâs Dictionary, is defined as âa report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.â The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as âspeech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.â According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as âthe act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.â The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as âthe words that you use to report what someone else has said.â
Reported speech is a little different from direct speech . As it has been discussed already, reported speech is used to tell what someone said and does not use the exact words of the speaker. Take a look at the following rules so that you can make use of reported speech effectively.
- The first thing you have to keep in mind is that you need not use any quotation marks as you are not using the exact words of the speaker.
- You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech.
- You can use verbs like said, asked, requested, ordered, complained, exclaimed, screamed, told, etc. If you are just reporting a declarative sentence , you can use verbs like told, said, etc. followed by âthatâ and end the sentence with a full stop . When you are reporting interrogative sentences, you can use the verbs – enquired, inquired, asked, etc. and remove the question mark . In case you are reporting imperative sentences , you can use verbs like requested, commanded, pleaded, ordered, etc. If you are reporting exclamatory sentences , you can use the verb exclaimed and remove the exclamation mark . Remember that the structure of the sentences also changes accordingly.
- Furthermore, keep in mind that the sentence structure , tense , pronouns , modal verbs , some specific adverbs of place and adverbs of time change when a sentence is transformed into indirect/reported speech.
Transforming Direct Speech into Reported Speech
As discussed earlier, when transforming a sentence from direct speech into reported speech, you will have to change the pronouns, tense and adverbs of time and place used by the speaker. Let us look at the following tables to see how they work.
Here are some tips you can follow to become a pro in using reported speech.
- Select a play, a drama or a short story with dialogues and try transforming the sentences in direct speech into reported speech.
- Write about an incident or speak about a day in your life using reported speech.
- Develop a story by following prompts or on your own using reported speech.
Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written. Check them out.
- Santana said that she would be auditioning for the lead role in Funny Girl.
- Blaine requested us to help him with the algebraic equations.
- Karishma asked me if I knew where her car keys were.
- The judges announced that the Warblers were the winners of the annual acapella competition.
- Binsha assured that she would reach Bangalore by 8 p.m.
- Kumar said that he had gone to the doctor the previous day.
- Lakshmi asked Teena if she would accompany her to the railway station.
- Jibin told me that he would help me out after lunch.
- The police ordered everyone to leave from the bus stop immediately.
- Rahul said that he was drawing a caricature.
Transform the following sentences into reported speech by making the necessary changes.
1. Rachel said, âI have an interview tomorrow.â
2. Mahesh said, âWhat is he doing?â
3. Sherly said, âMy daughter is playing the lead role in the skit.â
4. Dinesh said, âIt is a wonderful movie!â
5. Suresh said, âMy son is getting married next month.â
6. Preetha said, âCan you please help me with the invitations?â
7. Anna said, âI look forward to meeting you.â
8. The teacher said, âMake sure you complete the homework before tomorrow.â
9. Sylvester said, âI am not going to cry anymore.â
10. Jade said, âMy sister is moving to Los Angeles.â
Now, find out if you have answered all of them correctly.
1. Rachel said that she had an interview the next day.
2. Mahesh asked what he was doing.
3. Sherly said that her daughter was playing the lead role in the skit.
4. Dinesh exclaimed that it was a wonderful movie.
5. Suresh said that his son was getting married the following month.
6. Preetha asked if I could help her with the invitations.
7. Anna said that she looked forward to meeting me.
8. The teacher told us to make sure we completed the homework before the next day.
9. Sylvester said that he was not going to cry anymore.
10. Jade said that his sister was moving to Los Angeles.
What is reported speech?
What is the definition of reported speech.
Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learnerâs Dictionary, is defined as âa report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.â The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as âspeech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the personâs actual words.â According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as âthe act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.â The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as âthe words that you use to report what someone else has said.â
What is the formula of reported speech?
You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech. Subject said that (report whatever the speaker said)
Give some examples of reported speech.
Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written.
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J. Cole Says He Regrets Kendrick Lamar Diss: ‘The Past Two Days Felt Terrible’
By Steven J. Horowitz
Steven J. Horowitz
Senior Music Writer
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J. Cole has expressed regret for releasing his Kendrick Lamar diss, “7 Minute Drill,” while addressing the crowd during a headlining performance at his Dreamville Festival in North Carolina on Sunday (April 7).
The rapper placed the song last on his surprise new project “Might Delete Later,” which arrived on April 5. On the track, he responded to Lamar’s guest verse on Future and Metro Boomin’s “Like That,” where Lamar fired shots at Drake and J. Cole for designating him as part of “the big three.”
Popular on Variety
J.Cole speaks on his response to Kendrick and says it hasnât felt good or right with his spirit, calling his own response âcornyâ and telling Kendrick to return his best shot if he feels a way pic.twitter.com/jan2jctfk9 — Glock Topickz (@Glock_Topickz) April 8, 2024
He continued by stating that he felt pressured to publicly respond to Lamar after witnessing the discourse it incited. “I was conflicted because, one I know my heart and I know how I feel about my peers, these two n—s that I just been blessed to even stand beside in this game, let alone chase they greatness. So I felt conflicted ’cause I’m like, bruh I don’t even feel no way. But the world wanna see blood. I don’t know if y’all can feel that, but the world wanna see blood.”
Cole explained that releasing the diss “spiritually [felt] bad on me,” and “that shit don’t sit right with my spirit.” “That shit disrupts my fuckin’ peace. So what I want to say right here tonight is in the midst of me doing that and in that shit, trying to find a little angle and downplay this n—a’s fucking catalog and his greatness, I want to say right now tonight, how many people think Kendrick Lamar is one of the greatest motherfucker’s to ever touch a fuckin’ microphone? Dreamville, y’all love Kendrick Lamar, correct? As do I.
Lamar’s beef with Cole and Drake stems from “First Person Shooter,” a duet between the two included on Drake’s 2023 album “For All the Dogs.” On it, Cole rapped, “Love when they argue the hardest MC / Is it K. Dot? Is it Aubrey? Or me? / We the big three, like we started a league.” On “Like That,” Lamar uncharacteristically fired back, getting right to the point: “Yeah get up with me, fuck sneak dissing / ‘First Person Shooter,’ I hope they came with three switches,” he stated. “Motherfuck the big three, n—a, it’s just big me.”
While Cole may feel some regret over his diss, Drake has only vaguely acknowledged the verse while speaking to a crowd on his current tour. “A lot of people asking me how I’m feeling. The way I’m feeling is the same way I want you to walk out of here feeling tonight about your fucking self,” he said. “Because you know how I’m feeling? I got my head up high, my back straight, I’m 10 fucking toes down, and feeling like anywhere else I go, and I know no matter what, there’s not a n—a on this Earth that can ever fuck with me in my life.”
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Navy demoted Ronny Jackson after probe into White House behavior
Trumpâs former physician and gop ally is now a retired captain, not an admiral.
Ronny Jackson, the former White House physician turned GOP congressman, regularly touts his military bona fides.
âAs a retired U.S. Navy Rear Admiral with nearly three decades of military service I understand the commitment and sacrifices made by servicemen and servicewomen to serve our country,â the two-term representative from Texas says on his congressional website in a message posted to a page listing his work on veterans issues.
But Jackson is no longer a retired admiral. The Navy demoted him in July 2022 following a damaging Pentagon inspector generalâs report that substantiated allegations about his inappropriate behavior as a White House physician, a previously unreported decision confirmed by a current defense official and a former U.S. official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss a sensitive personnel move.
Jackson is now a retired Navy captain, those people said â a demotion that carries a significant financial burden in addition to the social stigma of stripped rank in military circles.
Despite the demotion, Jackson has continued to refer to himself as a retired rear admiral, including in statements released since the Navy reclassified him as a retired captain. Former president Donald Trump and other Republicans have also continued to publicly describe Jackson using his former rank; itâs unclear if they were aware of his demotion.
Jacksonâs office did not respond to requests for comment about the Navyâs 2022 personnel action and his demotion. The former White House physician has become a prominent voice in the 2024 campaign, repeatedly affirming Trumpâs fitness to serve while castigating President Bidenâs.
After publication of this story, the Navy provided Jacksonâs service record, which shows the rank of captain retroactively applied to the date of his retirement in December 2019.
For an officer who served 24 years like Jackson, there is a more than $15,000 difference in annual pension payouts between a retired one-star admiral, the rank that Jackson held when he retired from the Navy in December 2019, and a retired captain, according to an estimate by Katherine L. Kuzminski, a military policy expert at Center for a New American Security. That payout gap is likely to widen over time as the military periodically increases its pay rates for each position.
Kuzminski also said that it was inappropriate for Jackson to describe himself as a retired rear admiral. âWhile it is possible that others will mistakenly refer to him as âAdmiralâ in perpetuity, he himself should not make that mistake,â she said.
A Navy official confirmed that the service took unspecified action against Jackson in the wake of the 2021 inspector generalâs report , which found that Jackson berated subordinates in the White House medical unit, âmade sexual and denigrating statementsâ about a female subordinate, consumed alcohol inappropriately with subordinates, and consumed the sleep drug Ambien while on duty as the presidentâs physician. At the time of the report, Jackson was classified by the Navy as a rear admiral (lower half), a one-star admiral that is distinct from the two-star rear admiral position.
âThe substantiated allegations in the DoDIG [Department of Defense inspector general] investigation of Rear Adm. (lower half) Ronny Jackson are not in keeping with the standards the Navy requires of its leaders and, as such, the secretary of the Navy took administrative action in July 2022,â Lt. Cmdr. Joe Keiley, a Navy spokesman, said via email.
Keiley declined to comment on Jackson's current rank and whether he had been demoted. The Pentagon inspector general's report had recommended that the Navy secretary take action against the retired officer, concluding that Jackson did not behave in the âexemplaryâ manner that is required of Navy officers.
Military guidelines allow a provisional retirement rank if an officer is under investigation for alleged misconduct at the time, as Jackson was during his departure from the Navy. Military officials have the option to downgrade the final rank if adverse findings are made, busting down an officer to the last grade at which they satisfactorily served.
Retired officers can respond to the decision, according to Navy regulations , but it is unclear if Jackson did so or otherwise challenged the Navy secretaryâs determination.
In his July 2022 memoir, âHolding the Line,â Jackson dismisses the inspector generalâs report as politically motivated.
âIf I had retired and not gotten into politics, this investigation would have never gone anywhere,â Jackson wrote. âThis was happening because I am a perceived threat to the Biden administration and because a few political appointees in the Department of Defense want to make a name for themselves.â
In the memoir, Jackson did not address the prospect of being demoted by the Navy.
The Pentagon oversees the White House medical team, which is staffed by career military medical personnel and has become the focus of several investigations in the wake of Jacksonâs tenure. The Defense Department in January released a second inspector general report into the White House medical teamâs operations that does not name Jackson but faults aspects of how the unit was run while he served in the White House, such as the unitâs lax controls for powerful drugs such as Ambien and the stimulant Provigil.
Jackson, who first arrived at the White House in 2006, served as the medical unitâs director between 2010 and 2014 and as personal physician to Presidents Barack Obama and Trump between 2013 and 2018.
Former colleagues, political officials and Jackson himself have all described his strategy of providing complimentary round-the-clock care to numerous White House officials and even their friends and family members. The Pentagonâs most recent investigation found that many of the patients who received complimentary care from the White House medical team were not eligible for it.
But in the White House, Jacksonâs approach won him favor within two presidential administrations. Obama, who personally chose Jackson as his physician in 2013, considered him a friend and promoted him to one-star admiral in October 2016.
Jackson also endeared himself to Trump, particularly after a January 2018 news conference in which the White House physician extolled Trumpâs health â joking to reporters that the then-71-year-old president could âlive to be 200 years oldâ if he only ate healthier. Jackson added that Trump performed exceedingly well during a cognitive exam , a test that Jackson scheduled to rebut growing questions about the presidentâs fitness for office.
Trump soon attempted to put Jackson in his Cabinet as secretary of veterans affairs, a failed nomination that prompted a whistleblower complaint to Congress and, later, the Pentagonâs inspector generalâs investigations. Trump also twice nominated Jackson to become a two-star admiral, although the nominations stalled and he was not promoted.
Jackson retired from the military and left the White House in 2019 to run for Congress, a long-shot campaign that succeeded with the backing of Trump.
Jackson won reelection in 2022 and has emerged as a leading critic of President Bidenâs fitness for office, injecting himself into this yearâs presidential campaign with frequent TV appearances, news conferences and public statements assessing the 81-year-old Bidenâs mental and physical health. Jackson also has publicly called for Biden to undergo a cognitive exam comparable to the one he administered to Trump in January 2018, invoking concerns that are shared by many independent voters and some Democrats. A Monmouth University poll conducted last month found that 32 percent of registered voters were confident in Bidenâs physical and mental stamina, compared with 51 percent of voters who were confident in the 77-year-old Trumpâs fitness.
Around Capitol Hill and in political circles, Jackson is frequently referred to by his onetime military rank.
âWhereâs the admiral, Ronny Jackson? Come on up here,â Rep. Scott Perry (R-Pa.), a retired Pennsylvania Army National Guard brigadier general, urged at a House Republican news conference in July 2023 as lawmakers discussed a defense spending bill.
Speaking at the August 2022 Conservative Political Action Conference â days after the Navy privately demoted Jackson â Trump also extolled his former physician.
âHe was an admiral, a doctor and now heâs a congressman, and I said, which is the best if you had your choice? And he sort of indicated doctor because he loved looking at my body, it was so strong,â Trump joked before pivoting to the reason for his affection for Jackson. âHe said Iâm the healthiest president thatâs ever lived. ⊠I said, I like this guy.â
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New York appeals judge rejects Donald Trumpâs request to delay his April 15 hush money trial
FILE - Republican presidential candidate former President Donald Trump speaks, April 2, 2024, at a rally in Green Bay, Wis. (AP Photo/Mike Roemer, File)
FILE - Judge Juan M. Merchan poses in his chambers in New York, Thursday, March 14, 2024. Former President Donald Trump is demanding a new judge just days before his hush-money criminal trial is set to begin, rehashing longstanding grievances with Merchan, the current judge, in a long-shot, eleventh-hour bid to disrupt and delay the case. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)
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NEW YORK (AP) â A New York appeals court judge on Monday rejected Donald Trumpâs bid to delay his April 15 hush money criminal trial while he mounts a last-minute fight to move the case out of Manhattan, foiling the former presidentâs latest attempt to put off the historic trial.
Justice Lizbeth GonzĂĄlez of the stateâs mid-level appeals court ruled after an emergency hearing Monday where Trumpâs lawyers asked that she postpone the trial indefinitely while they seek a change of venue.
They contended the presumptive Republican nominee faces âreal potential prejudiceâ in heavily Democratic Manhattan and said the jury pool has been polluted by news coverage of Trumpâs other recent cases, including his $454 million civil fraud judgment and the $83.3 million heâs been ordered to pay for defaming writer E. Jean Carroll. He is appealing both verdicts.
âJury selection cannot proceed in a fair manner,â Trump lawyer Emil Bove argued, citing the defenseâs polling and a review of media coverage.
Trumpâs hush money trial is the first of his four criminal indictments slated to go to trial and would be the first criminal trial ever of a former president.
In a separate appellate matter, Trumpâs lawyers are challenging a gag order barring him from making comments about jurors, witnesses and others connected to the case. The trial judge, Juan M. Merchan, recently expanded the gag order after Trump lashed out at his daughter, a Democratic political consultant, on social media. The appeals court will hear that matter Tuesday.
Trump, who lived in Manhattan for decades and rose to fame as a real estate developer shaping its iconic skyline, has suggested the trial should be moved to Staten Island, the only New York City borough he won in 2016 and 2020.
Steven Wu, the appellate chief for the Manhattan district attorneyâs office, noted that Merchan, had already rejected Trumpâs requests to move or delay the trial as untimely.
âThe question in this case is not whether a random poll of New Yorkers from whatever neighborhood are able to be impartial, itâs about whether a trial court is able to select a jury of 12 impartial jurors,â Wu said.
He blamed Trump for stoking pretrial publicity with âcountless media appearances talking about the facts of this case, the witnesses, and so on.â
As the appeals court fight was playing out, Merchan released his plan Monday for conducting jury selection, including what jurors will and wonât be asked about their views on Trump.
In a letter to both sides, Merchan declared that choosing jurors isnât about whether they like or donât like anyone in the case but whether prospective jurors can assure they will âset aside any personal feelings or biases and render a decision that is based on the evidence and the law.â
Paperwork relating to Trumpâs appeals was placed under seal and not publicly available.
Trump had pledged to appeal after Merchan ruled last month that the trial would begin April 15. His lawyers had pleaded to delay the trial at least until summer to give them more time to review late-arriving evidence from a prior federal investigation into the matter. Merchan, who had already moved the trial from its original March 25 start date , said no further delays were warranted.
Trumpâs lawyers filed their appeals Monday on two separate court dockets. One was styled as a lawsuit against Merchan, a legal mechanism allowing them to challenge his rulings.
In New York, judges can be sued over some judicial decisions under a state law known as Article 78. Trump has used the tactic before, including against the judge in his civil fraud case in an unsuccessful last-minute bid to delay that case last fall.
In the hush-money criminal case, he is accused of falsifying his companyâs records to hide the nature of payments to his former lawyer and fixer Michael Cohen , who helped him bury negative stories during his 2016 campaign. Cohenâs activities included paying porn actor Stormy Daniels $130,000 to suppress her claims of an extramarital sexual encounter with Trump years earlier.
Trump pleaded not guilty last year to 34 felony counts of falsifying business records. He has denied having a sexual encounter with Daniels. His lawyers argue the payments to Cohen were legitimate legal expenses.
As Trumpâs lawyers stressed Monday that he was facing an unprecedented level of damaging publicity in Manhattan, they also referenced a decision issued by the stateâs appellate court more than 25 years ago.
In that case, the court agreed to move the trial of four New York City police officers charged with killing Amadou Diallo, an unarmed Guinean student, in the Bronx. Citing the âpublic clamorâ in the city, the court agreed to move the trial to Albany, where the officers were ultimately acquitted.
Trumpâs move to the appeals court Monday is the latest escalation in his battles with Merchan.
Last week, Trump renewed his request for the judge to step aside from the case, citing Merchanâs daughterâs work as the head of a firm whose clients have included his rival President Joe Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris and other Democrats.
The former president alleges the judge is biased against him and has a conflict of interest because of his daughterâs work. The judge rejected a similar request last August.
If the hush-money trial were to be moved out of Manhattan, itâs unlikely Merchan would go with it. In past cases, like the Diallo matter, a new judge was picked from the county where the trial ended up being held.
Trump has also made numerous other attempts to get the trial postponed, echoing a strategy heâs deployed in his other criminal cases. âWe want delays,â Trump proclaimed to TV cameras outside a February pretrial hearing in his hush money case.
Merchan last week rejected his request to delay the trial until the U.S. Supreme Court rules on presidential immunity claims he raised in another of his criminal cases.
Trump also filed an eve-of-trial lawsuit against the judge in his New York civil fraud case, accusing the jurist of repeatedly abusing his authority. Among other issues, Trumpâs lawyers in that case complained that Judge Arthur Engoron had refused their request to delay the trial. Their suit was filed about three weeks before the trial was slated to begin.
A state appeals court rejected Trumpâs claims , and the trial started as scheduled Oct. 2.
Engoron, who decided that case without a jury, ruled that Trump, his company and key executives defrauded bankers and insurers by overstating his wealth in documents used to get loans and coverage. Trump denied any wrongdoing and is appealing the finding and staggering penalty.
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Unit 7 - Exercise 1 - Reported speech. Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences. Use contractions where possible.
Q-Chat. Created by. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Add, admit, agree and more.
Reported Speech. Reported speech reports indirectly what another person said. For example: - Jane said she was so happy today. - The president said he needed a vacation. Reported speech usually uses the past form of direct speech. So if the direct speech is in the present, the reported speech is in the past. For example:
G4 - Unit 7 - Reported Speech. say/say to. Click the card to flip đ. is used with or without a personal object. He said/He said to me. Click the card to flip đ. 1 / 12.
CBSE Class 9 English Workbook Solutions Unit 7 Reported Speech. Question 1. Read the conversation between a young boy and his mother. The boy is determined to go to camp, despite his mother's refusal to let him (from George Layfon's short story "The Holiday"). It wasn't fair.
Watch my reported speech video: Here's how it works: We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence: Direct speech: I like ice cream. Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
Practice and exercises:https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LE1Qj1tG_t4GkSRWmtNCXSaylkzGGZg2
I'm exhausted. I don't think I can go any further. I really need to stop for a rest. Peter: Don't worry. I'm not surprised you're tired. I'm tired too. I'll tell you what, let's see if we can find a place to sit down, and then we can stop and have our picnic. Reported speech (summary):
The 4 Rs of paraphrasing. According to the Virtual Library, here are four steps to paraphrase: Reword the text by using synonyms or different parts of speech; change verb tense or change active verbs to passive and vice versa. Rearrange by moving words to make new sentences or reorganize the sentences in a passage.
Reported speech: He said he would meet me at the park the next day. In this example, the present tense "will" is changed to the past tense "would." 3. Change reporting verbs: In reported speech, you can use different reporting verbs such as "say," "tell," "ask," or "inquire" depending on the context of the speech.
yesterday. the day before today. here. there. I/me. he/she him/her. my. his/her. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Present Simple, Present Continous, Present Perfect and more.
Reported Speech Live Beat 3 Liveworksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher. Unit 7 - Live Beat 3 worksheet | Live Worksheets
Unit 7 Reported Speech quiz for 10th grade students. Find other quizzes for English and more on Quizizz for free!
REPORTED SPEECH. 1. In direct speech we repeat the original words that were said word for word. In reported speech, they undergo some changes: He said, "I didn't witness the traffic accident." He said (that2) he hadn't witnessed the traffic accident. "We need a holiday: we need to recharge our batteries," they said.
Reported speech is the form in which one can convey a message said by oneself or someone else, mostly in the past. It can also be said to be the third person view of what someone has said. In this form of speech, you need not use quotation marks as you are not quoting the exact words spoken by the speaker, but just conveying the message. Q2.
Work Sheet No: 23 and 24Page No: 74 - 77In this video lesson the teacher teaches the grammar topic named "Reported Speech" in an understanding and easiest way.
Reported speech unit 7 Reported speech unit 7. Loading ad... Sukanya Kaewkor. Member for 2 years 5 months Age: 17+ Level: M6. Language: English (en) ID: 7312666. 14/11/2023. Country code: TH. Country: Thailand. School subject: English ...
UNIT 7 Reported speech using different reporting verbs - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The document is a lesson plan on reported speech for a second year Baccalaureate class. It contains exercises to practice using reporting verbs to change direct speech into reported speech.
Solutions > Upper-Intermediate > Grammar > Unit 7 - Exercise 2 - Reporting verbs. Unit 7 - Exercise 2 - Reporting verbs. Choose the correct answer.
UNIT 7 Grammar Reported Speech - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.
Unit 7 Reported Speech Explanation - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. IES Penalba REPORTED SPEECH we use the REPORTED SPEECH when we want to report what another person said but without using the speaker's exact words. Modals verb can / MUST They said, "We can do it" "I must study every day", she explained.
CBSE Class 9 English Workbook Solutions Unit 7 Reported Speech. Question 1.1: Suppose Tony overheard this conversation, and wrote a letter to Barry. Write and complete Tony's letter for him: Dear Barry, It's just two weeks more for our school camp! I can't wait to have a great time with our classmates. I was hoping you, George and I would ...
J. Cole has expressed regret for releasing his Kendrick Lamar diss, "7 Minute Drill," while addressing the crowd during a headlining performance at his Dreamville Festival in North Carolina on ...
Former President Donald Trump was dealt two major setbacks Thursday in his efforts to derail the criminal cases against him, with judges in the Georgia election interference case and in the ...
Intel said the manufacturing unit had $7 billion in operating losses for 2023, a steeper loss than the $5.2 billion in operating losses the year before. The unit had revenue of $18.9 billion for ...
Jackson, who first arrived at the White House in 2006, served as the medical unit's director between 2010 and 2014 and as personal physician to Presidents Barack Obama and Trump between 2013 and ...
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) â Donald Trump is suing two co-founders of Trump Media & Technology Group, the newly public parent company of his Truth Social platform, arguing that they should forfeit their stock in the company because they set it up improperly. The former U.S. president's lawsuit, which was filed on March 24 in Florida state court, follows a complaint filed in February by those co ...
NEW YORK (AP) â A New York appeals court judge on Monday rejected Donald Trump's bid to delay his April 15 hush money criminal trial while he mounts a last-minute fight to move the case out of Manhattan, foiling the former president's latest attempt to put off the historic trial.. Justice Lizbeth GonzĂĄlez of the state's mid-level appeals court ruled after an emergency hearing Monday ...