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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Society — A Rose For Emily Theme Analysis

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A Rose for Emily Theme Analysis

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I. introduction, a. "a rose for emily" by william faulkner is a timeless classic that delves into the complexities of human nature and societal norms. set in the fictional town of jefferson, the story follows the life of emily grierson, a reclusive woman whose mysterious actions captivate the townspeople., b. thesis statement: the theme of isolation in "a rose for emily" highlights the impact of societal expectations on an individual's mental health. throughout the narrative, faulkner skillfully portrays the consequences of isolation and the detrimental effects of conforming to societal standards., ii. emily's isolation from society, a. from the outset, signs of emily's isolation are evident. she is portrayed as a recluse, rarely seen in public and shrouded in mystery. her secluded lifestyle raises questions among the townspeople, leading to speculation and gossip., b. various factors contribute to emily's isolation, including her domineering father's influence and the town's rigid expectations of her. the pressure to adhere to societal norms and maintain her family's reputation weighs heavily on emily, pushing her further into seclusion., c. the effects of emily's isolation on her mental state are profound. as the story unfolds, it becomes apparent that her solitude has taken a toll on her psyche. her erratic behavior and detachment from reality point to the damaging consequences of prolonged isolation., iii. society's role in emily's isolation, a. society's expectations play a significant role in emily's isolation. the townspeople hold her to a high standard, expecting her to uphold the traditions of the past and conform to their ideals of propriety. this pressure only serves to exacerbate emily's feelings of isolation and alienation., b. the consequences of society's treatment of emily are far-reaching. she is judged and ostracized by the community, forced to live up to their unrealistic expectations while grappling with her own inner turmoil. the town's collective judgment further isolates emily, driving her deeper into seclusion., c. in comparison to other characters in the story, emily's isolation stands out as particularly tragic. while others may experience moments of loneliness or alienation, emily's isolation is all-encompassing, shaping her entire existence. faulkner uses emily's character to explore the devastating impact of societal pressure and the toll it can take on an individual's mental health., d. emily's struggle with tradition and change is a central theme in "a rose for emily." throughout the story, emily resists the changing world around her, clinging to the traditions of the past. her refusal to adapt to societal norms and embrace progress ultimately leads to her isolation and downfall., e. the tension between tradition and progress is palpable in the story, highlighting the clash between old ways and new ideas. emily's inability to reconcile these conflicting forces results in her alienation from society and ultimately her tragic demise., f. emily's struggle with tradition and change also impacts her relationships with others. her refusal to conform to societal expectations creates a barrier between herself and the townspeople, making it difficult for her to form meaningful connections. this isolation further deepens her sense of loneliness and detachment from the world around her..

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a rose for emily essay hook

Literary Theory and Criticism

Home › Literature › Analysis of William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily

Analysis of William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily

By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on June 12, 2021

Initially published in Forum on April 30, 1930, and collected in These Thirteen in 1931, “A Rose for Emily” remains one of William Faulkner’s most read, most anthologized, and most significant stories. From every imaginable perspective, critics have scrutinized the components of Faulkner’s literary technique: The story has been viewed as an allegory of southern history, a metaphorical depiction of NorthSouth relationships, feminist nightmare or feminist victory, a gothic horror story, a sociological portrayal of individualism squelched or individualism triumphant, a bleak fictional tale of determinism. Faulkner’s uses of structure, tone, point of view, and imagery play key roles in his depiction of Miss Emily Grierson. The fact that readers and critics still engage in interpretive debates over its meaning merely ensures that it will continue to be read.

a rose for emily essay hook

Told from the perspective of Jefferson, in Yoknapatawpha County, in a narrative voice that consistently relates the details that “we”—the smug and gossipy townspeople of Jefferson—have observed, the story is intriguing on the level of plot and character alone: Miss Emily has just died, and we learn that she lived alone after her father died and Homer Baron, her Yankee lover, apparently abandoned her. Suspense continues to build when we learn that a mysterious odor emanated from her house at the time that Homer disappeared. Faulkner employs a number of clues to foreshadow both denouement and motivation, including the “tableau” of the imperious father with a horsewhip overshadowing his white-clad young daughter Emily; the portrait of her father that Emily displays at his death, despite his thwarting of her natural youthful desires; her defiant public appearances with the unsuitable Homer Baron; her sense of entitlement; and the arsenic she buys to rid her house of “rats.” Despite these and other devices, however, new generations of readers still react in horror when Emily’s secret is revealed: She not only murdered her lover but slept with his corpse in the attic bridal chamber she carefully prepared.

If Miss Emily is crazy (and most critics agree that she is), Faulkner implies that she has been made so by the constrictions of a father who refused to let her marry and by the conventions of a society that eagerly filled the void at his death. Numerous critics have suggested that behind the gothic horror of necrophilia and insanity in this classic story, Miss Emily Grierson is the oddly modern hero. Indeed, one critic asserts that we cannot understand any of Faulkner’s heroes if we do not understand Miss Emily, for she is the “prototype” of them all (Strindberg 877). As with other troubled Faulknerian protagonists, death literally frees Miss Emily—from patriarchy, from society’s conventions, from sexual repression, from the class structure she was taught to revere, from the useless existence of privileged women of her era, even from the burdens of southern history and slavery: With her death, her black servant, mysteriously complicit in his relation to Miss Emily, walks out of her house at the end of the story. In an interview at the University of Virginia, Faulkner suggested that Miss Emily deserved a rose for all the torment she had endured, and, whatever else they feel, most readers appear to agree with this sentiment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Blotner, Joseph. Faulkner: A Biography. 2 Vols. New York: Random House, 1974. Rev. ed., New York: Random House, 1984. Carothers, James. Faulkner’s Short Stories. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1985. Faulkner, William. “A Rose for Emily.” In Collected Short Stories. New York: Random House, 1940. Ferguson, James. Faulkner’s Short Fiction. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1991. Strindberg, Victor. “A Rose for Emily.” In Reader’s Guide to Short Fiction, edited by Noelle Watson, 577. Detroit: St. James Press, 1993.

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“A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner: Analysis

“A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner, published in 1930, quickly captivated readers for its setting, characters and thematic strands.

"A Rose for Emily" by William Faulkner: Analysis

Introduction: “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

Table of Contents

“A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner, published in 1930, quickly captivated readers for its setting, characters and thematic strands. Set in the fictional Mississippi town of Jefferson, the story centers on Emily Grierson, a mysterious Southern belle whose life and death become an obsession for the townspeople. Faulkner’s masterful use of non-linear storytelling explores themes of tradition, societal change, and the decay of the Old South, solidifying “A Rose for Emily” as a lasting contribution to American literature.

Main Events in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

  • Emily faces her father’s death; her actions shock the community. Emily’s denial of her father’s passing leads her to keep his body within her home for three days, and upon finally releasing the body for burial, she descends into a life of isolation.
  • Years later, Emily challenges the established order. When town officials attempt to collect taxes, Emily not only refuses but insists the town remains indebted to her. Her defiance is mirrored in her seclusion; she rarely ventures from her home, a notable exception being her unsettling purchase of arsenic.
  • A new generation questions Emily’s past as a mysterious romance unfolds. Intrigued by her enigmatic history, the town’s youth fixate on her relationship with Homer Barron, a Northern laborer. Their frequent sightings together incite whispers of an engagement.
  • Emily’s arsenic purchase fuels the townspeople’s fears. Her acquisition of the poison strengthens their belief that she intends suicide, yet no tragedy occurs, and her withdrawn existence continues.
  • Homer’s disappearance ignites speculation, while a disturbing odor emerges. When Homer vanishes, the townspeople’s suspicions swirl. Emily remains unmoved by his absence, but a foul smell from her property raises further alarm.
  • Emily’s death unveils a horrifying truth. Upon her passing, the townspeople infiltrate her home and stumble upon a gruesome secret: Emily had preserved Homer’s corpse and slept beside it for years.
  • A flashback illuminates Emily’s isolation. The narrative returns to the night of her father’s death, exposing his relentless interference in her romantic life, ultimately leading to her desolate existence.
  • The townspeople’s actions offer a twisted form of closure. Their decision to bury Homer within Emily’s home implies a warped sense of fulfillment for her, as if she’d finally obtained the companionship she desperately craved.
  • A haunting image lingers. The story concludes with the chilling visual of a single gray hair on the pillow beside Homer’s remains, suggesting Emily’s disturbing intimacy persisted even beyond his death.
  • The haunting finale prompts contemplation. The story’s final line – “Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair” – forces the reader to grapple with the complexities of Emily’s character and the story’s central themes.

Characterization in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

Major characters.

Emily GriersonThe story’s reclusive protagonist. Her isolation and clinging to the past contribute to her mental and emotional decline.
Homer BarronA Northern laborer who becomes Emily’s love interest. His relationship with Emily leads to a tragic end.
Judge StevensThe mayor of Jefferson. He represents the old order and attempts to mediate between Emily and the townspeople.

Minor Characters

TobeEmily’s loyal and enigmatic servant. His silence and long service contribute to the mystery surrounding Emily.
Colonel SartorisA former mayor. His decision to exempt Emily from taxes reflects the town’s traditional values and Emily’s privileged position.
Mr. GriersonEmily’s deceased father. His controlling nature shaped Emily’s life and ultimately contributed to her isolation.
Mrs. GriersonA distant figure in the story. Her absence reinforces the theme of isolation.
The TownspeopleA collective observer. Their gossip and speculation expose the town’s curiosity and its inability to truly understand Emily.
DefinitionExample from “A Rose for Emily”
AllusionA reference to another literary or historical work, person, or event.Emily’s father driving away suitors could allude to overprotective figures in mythology or other literature.
FlashbackA technique interrupting the present action to depict a past event.The story often flashes back to depict Emily’s past experiences, including her father and her relationship with Homer.
ForeshadowingHints at what will happen later in the story.Emily’s purchase of arsenic foreshadows its potential use.
ImageryLanguage creating vivid images and sensory experiences for the reader.“…which no one save an old manservant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.”
IronyA contrast between expectation and reality.The townspeople pity Emily, only to be horrified by her actions later (situational irony).
MetaphorA figure of speech comparing two things without using “like” or “as.”Emily is described as a “fallen monument,” comparing her to a once-great but decayed structure.
MotifA recurring image, symbol, or idea in a work of literature.Decay is a motif throughout the story, represented by Emily’s house, her appearance, and Homer’s corpse.
NarratorThe voice that tells the story.An unnamed townsperson narrates the story, using the first-person plural “we”.
PersonificationGiving human qualities to non-human things.“…with lifted lights, stubborn and coquettish above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps”
Point of ViewThe perspective from which the story is told.The first-person plural point of view allows the reader to experience the story through the townspeople’s eyes.
RepetitionUsing a word or phrase multiple times for emphasis.The repetition of “dust” emphasizes the sense of decay and the passage of time.
SatireA literary device used to criticize flaws through humor or irony.The story subtly satirizes the nosiness and judgmental tendencies of small-town life.
SettingThe time and place of a story.The story is set in the fictional town of Jefferson, Mississippi, likely in the early 20th century following the Civil War.
SimileA figure of speech comparing two things using “like” or “as.”Emily is described as looking “bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water.”
SymbolismUsing objects or images to represent ideas or qualities.Emily’s house symbolizes her isolation, decay, and the resistance to change.
ThemeThe central idea or message in a work of literature.Themes include the destructive power of isolation, the clash between tradition and change, and the importance of human connection.
ToneThe overall attitude or mood conveyed in the story.The tone is primarily somber, macabre, and at times, even darkly humorous.
VoiceThe unique style of a writer or narrator.Faulkner’s voice is distinguished by complex sentences, vivid imagery, and a non-linear storytelling style.

Major Themes in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

  • The Destructive Nature of Isolation:

·  Emily’s Self-Imposed Seclusion: After her father’s death, Emily becomes a recluse, cutting herself off from the outside world.

  • The Consequences of Isolation: Emily’s isolation leads to a warped perception of reality, contributing to her psychological decline and a horrifying secret.

·  The Clash of Tradition vs. Change

  • Emily as a Symbol of the Old South: Emily clings fiercely to the traditions and values of the past, represented by her decaying mansion and her resistance to change.
  • Homer Barron as a Symbol of Progress: Homer, a Northern laborer, represents modernity and change that threaten Emily’s traditional world.
  • The Town’s Ambivalence: The townspeople are caught between a fading past and an uncertain future, reflected in their conflicting attitudes towards Emily.

·  The Fading Glory of the American South

  • The Decaying Grierson Mansion: The once-grand house symbolizes the decline of the Old South and its aristocratic families.
  • Emily’s Resistance to Change: Emily’s insistence on maintaining the status quo mirrors the larger social struggle between tradition and progress in the post-Civil War South.

·  The Illusion of Control

  • Mr. Grierson’s Influence: Emily’s father exerts extreme control over her life, preventing her from marrying and contributing to her isolation.
  • Emily’s Desperate Measures: Emily’s actions with Homer reveal a twisted desire to control love and death, ultimately leading to a horrifying discovery.

·  The Unreliability of Memory and Perception

  • The Non-Linear Narrative: The story’s fragmented timeline blurs the lines between past and present, mirroring the town’s unreliable memory of events.
  • The Townspeople’s Bias: The collective narrator filters events through their own prejudices and limited understanding of Emily, leaving the truth obscured.

Writing Style in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

·  Non-linear Narrative: Faulkner disrupts the traditional flow of time with flashbacks and forward jumps. Examples:

  • The story starts with Emily’s funeral, then flashes back to her relationship with her father.
  • Details about Homer are revealed in fragments, heightening the mystery of his fate.

·  Multiple Narrators and Shifting Points of View: The collective “we” of the townspeople narrates the story, offering a limited perspective. Examples:

  • The townspeople speculate about Emily’s purchase of arsenic, drawing their own assumptions.
  • Their interpretation of events might contrast with the reality of Emily’s motivations.

·  Vivid, Poetic Language: Faulkner uses striking imagery to evoke a sense of gothic decay and despair. Examples:

  • Descriptions of the Grierson mansion as “stubborn and coquettish” and smelling of “dust and disuse.”
  • Emily’s appearance is likened to “a body long submerged in motionless water.”

·  Atmosphere of Foreboding Faulkner crafts a palpable feeling of dread and unease, foreshadowing the macabre ending. Examples:

  • The townspeople’s observations of a strange smell surrounding Emily’s house.
  • Emily’s purchase of arsenic hints at a potentially sinister purpose.

Literary Theories and Interpretation of “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

Examines gender roles, power dynamics, and the representation of women in literature.* Emily as a victim of patriarchal control: Her father’s influence and societal expectations restricted her opportunities and could have contributed to her mental decline. * Emily as a subversive figure: Her actions against Homer could be seen as a form of rebellion against traditional gender roles.
Explores the unconscious mind, repressed desires, and the influence of childhood experiences.* Emily’s fixation on the past: Her inability to let go of her father and her deceased lover could stem from unresolved trauma or psychological repression. * The symbolism of the house: The decaying mansion might represent Emily’s deteriorating mental state or repressed memories.
Focuses on class conflict, economic inequality, and social hierarchies.* The decline of the Old South: Emily and her house symbolize the fading aristocracy and the resistance to social change in the post-Civil War South. * The power dynamics between Emily and Tobe: Their relationship could reflect social and economic inequalities of the era.
Emphasizes the reader’s role in constructing meaning from the text.* Ambiguity and open interpretation: The story’s non-linear structure and unreliable narrator encourage the reader to actively piece together the events and form their own conclusions about Emily’s motivations. * Emotional impact: The story evokes strong feelings of pity, horror, or sympathy in the reader, leading to subjective interpretations.
Examines historical context and cultural influences to understand literary texts.* Southern Gothic tradition: Elements like the decaying mansion, grotesque imagery, and a focus on the past place the story within this literary genre. * Post-Civil War South: The story reflects the tensions and anxieties of a society grappling with change and the loss of its former social order.

Questions and Thesis Statements about “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

1. The Theme of Isolation in “A Rose for Emily”

  • Strong focus: This topic is directly tied to one of the story’s central themes.
  • Character-centered: By analyzing Emily, you can explore how her isolation develops and its consequences.
  • How does the town contribute to her isolation?
  • Is her isolation entirely negative, or does it offer something to her as well?

2. The Role of Gender in “A Rose for Emily”

  • Relevant critique: Gender expectations are a powerful force in the story.
  • Potential for depth: This can be connected to broader themes like Southern womanhood, power dynamics, and societal change.
  • How do the townspeople’s expectations of women both trap and, oddly, protect Emily?
  • Explore other female figures in the story (even minor ones) as a contrast.

3. The Use of Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily”

  • Rich with symbolism: The story is layered with meaningful symbols.
  • Allows for close analysis: Focusing on specific symbols can enhance your exploration of the key themes.
  • Look beyond obvious symbols to less-discussed ones (hair, dust, etc.).
  • How do the symbols interact or contradict each other?

4. The Narrative Structure of “A Rose for Emily”

  • Unique aspect of the story: Faulkner’s structure is a key element of its impact.
  • Connects form to meaning: Analyzing how the narrative is structured helps reveal deeper layers of meaning.
  • How does the fragmented timeline influence our understanding of Emily?
  • What effect does the collective narrator (“we”) have?

5. The Role of Death in “A Rose for Emily”

  • Powerful motif: Death is ever-present in this story.
  • Explores multiple facets: This topic could focus on literal deaths, metaphorical deaths (of the Old South), or Emily’s relationship to mortality.
  • How does Emily’s connection to death differ from the townspeople’s?
  • Does death represent an escape for Emily, or something else?

Short Question-Answer “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

* Literal Reference:* A gift Emily never receives from Homer, showcasing her unfulfilled desire for love and connection. * Symbolic of Emily:* Beautiful yet fragile, she is preserved in a state of decay, mirroring the fading of the Old South. * Thematic Connection:* Themes of unattainable love, the illusion of beauty in the face of decay, the conflict between tradition and change.
* Depiction:* Controlling and domineering, denying Emily any social life. * Consequences:* Emily becomes emotionally stunted and isolated, fueling her later actions in the story. * Thematic Connection:* Examines the destructive power of control, the long-term consequences of isolation, and how Emily’s lack of agency contributes to her tragedy.
* Setting:* A Southern town undergoing modernization, challenging the old societal order. * Emily as Symbol:* Clings to the past and refuses to adapt, representing the fading aristocracy. * House as Metaphor:* The decaying mansion reflects Emily’s deterioration and the decline of the Old South as a whole. * Thematic Connection:* Illustrates the clash between clinging to tradition and embracing change, as well as the inevitability of social evolution.
* The House:* Symbolizes Emily’s psychological decay and her isolation from the outside world. * Emily’s Father’s Portrait:* Represents Emily’s unhealthy fixation on the past and the domineering influence it holds over her. * The Arsenic:* Suggests a desire for power and a twisted form of control. * The Rose Itself:* Evokes beauty and death, mirroring Emily’s own tragic beauty and her macabre fascination with death.

Literary Works Similar to “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

“The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman:

  • Shared Themes: Both stories explore the psychological deterioration of women due to isolation and confinement. The protagonists descend into fragmented mental states as a result of their restricted circumstances.
  • Stylistic Similarities: Gilman and Faulkner employ first-person narration that grows increasingly unreliable, offering the reader a distorted view of events that mirrors the character’s fracturing psyche.

“The Fall of the House of Usher” by Edgar Allan Poe:

  • Shared Themes: The decaying mansions in both stories serve as stark symbols of isolation, psychological decline, and the crumbling of old legacies. The themes of death and decay pervade both narratives.
  • Stylistic Similarities: Poe and Faulkner are renowned Southern Gothic authors, sharing a talent for creating a haunting atmosphere, exploring macabre settings, and incorporating elements of the supernatural.

“ A Good Man Is Hard to Find ” by Flannery O’Connor:

  • Shared Themes: Both O’Connor and Faulkner expose the darker aspects of the South, questioning notions of morality and human nature. Their characters—The Misfit and Emily Grierson—offer enigmatic psychological profiles, inviting speculation about their hidden motives.
  • Stylistic Similarities: Both writers portray grotesque scenarios with an air of detachment, forcing the reader to confront unsettling moral implications.

“ The Lottery ” by Shirley Jackson:

  • Shared Themes: Both stories challenge the idealization of small-town life, revealing the horrors that can lie beneath the surface of tradition and conformity.
  • Stylistic Similarities: Jackson and Faulkner build suspense with matter-of-fact prose that contrasts with the disturbing events, culminating in chilling twists.

“Winesburg, Ohio” by Sherwood Anderson:

  • Shared Themes: This interconnected collection of short stories explores the complexities of small-town life, mirroring Faulkner’s focus on themes of loneliness, isolation, and the universal desire for connection.
  • Stylistic Similarities: Both authors use fragmented structures and multiple perspectives to construct complex portrayals of their characters and the communities they inhabit.

Suggested Readings: “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

Scholarly Articles

  • Bloom, Harold. “Introduction.” Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations: A Rose for Emily, New Edition, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 2008, pp. 1–9.
  • Justus, James H. “The Narrator in ‘A Rose for Emily.'” Journal of Narrative Technique, vol. 1, no. 3, 1971, pp. 195-209. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/30225170.
  • Polk, Noel. “The Narrative Strategy of ‘A Rose for Emily.'” Modern Language Studies, vol. 13, no. 4, 1983, pp. 3-11. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3194650

Books of Literary Criticism

  • Brooks, Cleanth. William Faulkner: Toward Yoknapatawpha and Beyond. Yale University Press, 1978.
  • Millgate, Michael. The Achievement of William Faulkner. Random House, 1963.
  • Tuck, Dorothy. Faulkner’s Mississippi. University Press of Mississippi, 1980.
  • SparkNotes: A Rose for Emily. SparkNotes Editors. 2002. https://www.sparknotes.com/short-stories/a-rose-for-emily/
  • CliffsNotes: A Rose for Emily. https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/f/faulkners-short-stories/summary-and-analysis-a-rose-for-emily/section-i
  • The William Faulkner Project https://english.olemiss.edu/faulkner-in-america-kathryn-mckee/

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William Faulkner: A Rose for Emily. Summary and analysis

Tabla de contenidos, summary of “a rose for emily”..

“A Rose for Emily,” a work by William Faulkner, a prominent author in American literature, initially published in 1930, is a story that delves into the themes of decline, isolation and resistance to change. The story, narrated by an unidentified observer, takes place in a Southern town and centers on the figure of Emily Grierson, a woman who becomes something of an enigma and object of curiosity to the community’s inhabitants.

The story begins with Emily’s death and the town’s inhabitants’ interest in visiting her home, a place closed to the outside world for many years. A series of flashbacks reveals crucial details of Emily’s life and her complex relationship with the town.

Emily, described as a relic of the past, resides in a once stately home, now dilapidated, symbolizing the decay of herself and traditional Southern values. Her father, an authoritative and controlling figure in life, had driven away all of Emily’s suitors, so she was left unmarried after his death. Emily’s refusal to acknowledge her father’s death for three days after his passing is the first indication of her disconnect with reality.

The arrival of Homer Barron, a laborer from the North, introduces a new chapter in Emily’s life. Despite the town’s rumors and skepticism, Emily and Homer seem to develop a relationship. However, Homer mysteriously disappears, and Emily secludes herself in her home, reaffirming her image as a lonely and mysterious figure.

After Emily’s death, the inhabitants discover that Homer’s corpse is lying on a bed in a locked room, along with a lock of gray hair presumed to be Emily’s. This revelation suggests a macabre and haunting connection between Emily and her once furtive lover.

The story explores resistance to change, the impact of rigid social structures and extreme loneliness. The fragmented, non-linear narrative, typical of Faulkner’s style, creates a sense of mystery and depth, allowing the reader to piece together Emily’s story and its meaning gradually. The story also examines the decline of the Old South and certain characters’ inability to adapt to social and temporal changes.

William Faulkner

William Faulkner : A Rose for Emily

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Characters and their development throughout the narrative.

In “A Rose for Emily,” Faulkner presents a small but significant set of characters whose development is closely intertwined with the work’s central themes. The narrative is built around Emily Grierson but also includes secondary figures who contribute to the evolution of the plot and deepen the themes Faulkner develops in his story.

Emily Grierson: Emily is the central character of the story. Throughout the narrative, she is shown to transition from being a young girl in a prominent family to becoming a mysterious recluse. After the death of her father, a domineering and controlling being who rejected all her suitors, Emily finds herself alone and isolated. This isolation worsens over time, driving her into a state of denial and delusion, especially evident in her refusal to accept her father’s death and later in her relationship with Homer Barron. Emily is a complex character who represents resistance to change, the influence of the past and oppressive social norms.

Homer Barron: A Northern laborer, represents change and modernity that challenges Southern traditions. His relationship with Emily is viewed with suspicion and disapproval by the townspeople. The relationship never culminates in marriage, and mysteriously, Homer disappears. At the end of the story, it is revealed that this disappearance was caused by Emily, who poisoned him and then kept his body in a room in the old house. The figure of Homer and his ultimate fate are crucial to understanding the depth of Emily’s isolation and disturbance.

Emily’s father: Although dead before most of the events recounted in the story, the influence of Emily’s father is a constant presence. His control over Emily and his rejection of her suitors leave a profound mark on her psyche, contributing to her isolation and eventual imbalance. The father figure symbolizes the social restrictions and gender expectations of the time.

The community: Although not a “character” in the traditional sense, the community plays a vital role in the story. It serves as a Greek chorus, observing and commenting on Emily’s life. The town’s attitude toward Emily reflects the social norms and prejudices of the time. Their curiosity and gossip contribute to the narrative’s tone of mystery and judgment.

The development of these characters takes place through a series of flashbacks and anecdotes, which gradually reveal the complexity of their lives and relationships. Faulkner uses these characters to explore the various themes he develops in the story, creating a narrative fabric in which each character contributes to the plot and the more significant meaning of the story.

William Faulkner - Una rosa para Emily. Resumen y análisis - Imagen 1

The setting of “A Rose for Emily”.

The play is set in a small town in the southern United States, in a time spanning from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. This context is crucial, reflecting the South’s social and cultural tensions in transition after the Civil War.

Emily Grierson’s house: Emily’s house is a character and critical symbol in the story. Once stately and respected, it becomes a decrepit and decaying structure surrounded by garages and cotton tents. This physical transformation of the house reflects Emily’s physical and emotional deterioration and the decline of the Old South and its values. The house, with its locked rooms and dusty, stagnant atmosphere, is also a crucial setting for the story’s climax and final revelation.

The Southern Town: The town reflects the post-Civil War South, grappling with social and economic changes. The narrative highlights the transitioning from a society based on old honor codes and social hierarchies to a more modern, less stratified one. This change is illustrated in how the town’s characters interact with Emily and her family and how these changes affect their perception of them.

The era: The story spans several decades, allowing Faulkner to explore the impact of time on people and societies. The transition from the 19th century to the 20th century brought significant changes to the South, including attitudes toward class, gender, and the legacy of the Civil War. Emily’s resistance to these changes, symbolized by her house and lifestyle, reflects the tension between the past and the present.

Writing techniques employed by Faulkner in “A Rose for Emily.”

Non-linear and fragmented narrator: Faulkner opts for a non-linear narrative structure, moving back and forth in time. This technique creates a sense of mystery and allows the story to unfold gradually, revealing critical details at strategic moments. The fragmented narrative reflects the theme of decay and chaos, both in Emily’s life and Southern society.

Collective Narrator: The story is narrated by an unnamed narrator who represents the collective perspective of the townspeople. This approach creates distance between Emily and the reader while at the same time providing a panoramic view of how the community views and judges Emily and her family. This technique reinforces the themes of gossip, isolation, and social judgment.

Language: Faulkner is known for his rich and poetic use of language. In “A Rose for Emily,” he employs descriptive language to create a dense and evocative atmosphere. For example, the detailed descriptions of Emily’s house are vital to establishing the somber tone and decay that permeate the story.

Symbolism: The story is loaded with symbolism. Emily’s house, for example, symbolizes the decline of the Old South. At the same time, the rose of the title has been interpreted in various ways, including as a symbol of love and compassion for Emily. These symbols enrich the narrative, providing additional layers of meaning.

Themes and Motifs: Faulkner weaves several themes and motifs throughout the story, including death, the passage of time, and resistance to change. The use of these themes contributes to the depth and complexity of the story, allowing for multiple interpretations.

Character Psychology: Throughout his narrative, Faulkner deeply explores the psychology of his characters, especially Emily. This detailed approach offers intimate insight into their motivations, fears, and desires, which adds significant richness to the narrative.

In “A Rose for Emily,” Faulkner’s narrative style is complex and meticulously crafted. His non-linear approach, coupled with a collective narrator, richly descriptive language, use of symbolism, and in-depth exploration of themes and character psychology, creates a work that not only tells the story of a woman and a people but also offers a meditation on broader themes such as time, change, and memory.

Narrative point of view

Collective Narrator: The use of “we” in the narrative suggests that the narrator is a cooperative witness, representing the opinions, perceptions, and prejudices of the village community. This collective point of view is essential to understanding the relationship between Emily and the surrounding society. The narrator is not an individual but a composite voice reflecting the mindset and attitudes of the community.

Limited perspective: Despite witnessing the events in Emily’s life, the narrators have limited knowledge of her inner thoughts, feelings, and motivations. This limitation reinforces the mystery surrounding Emily and her story, as the reader only receives the information filtered through the perspective of the community’s inhabitants.

Implications of judgment and prejudice: By telling the story from the townspeople’s point of view, Faulkner allows the prejudices and judgments of the community to become part of the narrative. How the townspeople talk about Emily and her family reveals their social norms, expectations, and attitudes toward change and decay.

Distancing from the main character: Through this point of view, Emily is presented as an object of fascination and speculation, but she is always kept at an emotional distance from the reader. This distancing intensifies the aura of isolation and mystery surrounding her character.

Reliability of the narrator: The collective narrator in “A Rose for Emily” is unreliable. His account is tinged by gossip and community perceptions, which can lead to biased interpretations of events. This aspect adds a layer of complexity to the story, as the reader must discern reality from the narrator’s perceptions and biases.

William Faulkner - Una rosa para Emily. Resumen y análisis - Imagen 2

Main themes addressed in the story

Isolation and loneliness: Emily Grierson is a profoundly isolated character, both physically and emotionally. This isolation is exacerbated by the death of her father and her inability to form meaningful relationships with others. Emily’s loneliness reflects her internal struggle and disconnection from the outside world.

Resistance to change: Resistance to change is a central theme in the story. Emily symbolizes it, clinging to traditions and ways of life. Her refusal to accept the death of her father and her relationship with Homer Barron are examples of her refusal to accept reality and adapt to change.

Decay: The story explores decay in the physical sense, with Emily’s house, and in the social and moral sense. The decay of Emily’s house parallels her own physical and mental deterioration and the decline of the traditions and values of the Old South.

Death: Death is a constant presence in the story, from the death of Emily’s father to her death and the revelation of Homer Barron’s corpse. Death is used to explore themes of loss, fear of loneliness, and the psychological impact of mortality.

Social Classes and Gender: The story addresses class differences and gender expectations in the South during the post-Civil War period. Emily, belonging to a family of high social standing, faces specific expectations due to her gender and class. Her relationship with Homer Barron, who represents a different social class and culture, challenges these norms.

Madness and obsession: Emily’s story also explores madness and obsession. Her behavior towards her dead father and Homer Barron suggests a disturbed mind, unable to accept reality and obsessed with maintaining control over her loved ones, even in death.

Tradition vs. modernity: The story reflects the conflict between the traditions of the Old South and the arrival of modernity. This theme is seen in Emily’s resistance to the new generations and how the community perceives her home and behavior.

Historical and cultural context

Published in 1930, the story is set in a small town in the southern United States and spans the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. This context reflects several significant social and cultural dynamics:

Post-American Civil War: The story is set in the South after the American Civil War. This era was one of significant social and economic change. The abolition of slavery and the defeat of the South led to a change in traditional social structures. This period was also marked by a struggle for reconstruction and the redefinition of Southern identity.

Reconstruction and resentment: The Reconstruction period saw attempts to integrate the defeated Southern states into the Union and to establish civil rights for formerly enslaved people. However, there was also strong resentment among many Southerners over these transformations, leading to racial and social tensions.

Decline of the Old South: Faulkner presents the Old South through Emily’s house and lifestyle. The physical decay of the house symbolizes the decay of a way of life and a set of values. The story captures the loss and nostalgia for an era that is disappearing.

Change vs. tradition: The South is transitioning, struggling between maintaining traditions and adapting to new changes. This is reflected in Emily’s resistance to accepting change in her life and her community.

Gender roles and social class: During this period, gender expectations and roles were firmly entrenched. As a woman from a high-status family, Emily faces specific pressures. Her isolation and defiant behavior can also be seen as a reaction to these restrictions.

Southern culture: Faulkner, a native of the American South, infuses the story with an intimate understanding of Southern culture. The importance of family reputation, honor, and community perceptions are central elements in the tale.

William Faulkner - Una rosa para Emily. Resumen y análisis - Imagen 3

Conclusions or lessons to be drawn from the story.

Rather than offering direct conclusions or lessons, “A Rose for Emily” invites reflection on several critical aspects of human nature and society.

Impact of social isolation: The story illustrates how extreme isolation and lack of social interaction can lead to disorientation and madness. Emily Grierson, isolated first by her father and then by her own choices, shows how a lack of social connection can lead to destructive behavior and a distorted perception of reality.

Resistance to change and its consequences: The story reflects the struggle between change and tradition. Emily becomes a symbol of resistance to change, which ultimately leads to her ruin. This highlights that clinging to the past can impede personal growth and adaptation to new realities.

Effects of oppression and control: The oppressive influence of Emily’s father and the social expectations of the time illustrate how oppression and control can warp a person’s psyche. This suggests a critique of restrictive social structures and the imposition of rules that limit individual freedom.

Decay and death as universals: The story addresses the inevitability of decay and death in physical and symbolic terms. Emily’s story and the decay of her house are metaphors for mortality and the inevitable passage of time, universal themes in the human experience.

Reflection on social norms: The play also critiques social norms and how the community judges and labels individuals. The story questions the role of hearsay and community perceptions in shaping a person’s identity and reputation.

The importance of understanding and empathy: Although Emily is a tragic figure, the story invites readers to understand and empathize with her situation. This suggests a lesson about the importance of seeking to understand the struggles and contexts of others before judging them.

In conclusion, “A Rose for Emily” does not offer direct or explicit moral lessons; instead, it provides fertile ground for meditation on complex issues such as isolation, change, oppression, and the nature of society. Faulkner uses Emily’s story to explore these themes in a way that invites readers to reflect deeply on their meaning and relevance in the larger world.

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132 A Rose for Emily Essay Topics & Examples

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If you struggle to write a character analysis, essay, or even a sole thesis statement for A Rose for Emily, this article will be helpful. Our experts have gathered titles so that you can explore the story’s symbolism, isolation, death, and more.

Tip #1. Select your topic.

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Do you find yourself wondering what you can discuss in A Rose for Emily essay? Grab some sample topic questions below:

  • What is the role of the southern storytelling style in the story?
  • Does the non-chronological order of story affect readers’ perception? How?
  • How does the author build suspense? Is it effective?
  • Why did the murderer of Homer Barron remain unknown until Emily’s death?
  • Analyze the portrayal of social structure of the South in the book. How does Faulkner describe changes in the early twentieth century?

If you want more helpful samples and suggestions to help you achieve your best, check our website!

  • William Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily” Reaction Paper In this reaction paper to one of the most prominent Faulkner’s works, I attempt to describe and analyze the strategies that the author used to make this conflict acute and sympathetic to the reader.
  • Importance of Point of View in “A Rose for Emily” On the one hand, it depends on the person who is telling the story; on the other hand, it is determined by the level of the narrator’s awareness.
  • The Symbolism of the House in “A Rose for Emily” by Faulkner The author identifies the decaying symbolism of the house in the text through the author’s constant mentions of dust, which fills the Griersons’ mansion: “faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils”.
  • “A Rose for Emily” by W. Faulkner: Symbolism and Themes In “A Rose for Emily,” the theme of adapting to the changing environment is developed through the character of Miss Grierson and her reluctance to the changes.
  • Critique for ‘A Rose for Emily’ The focus of this paper is to analyze the article, A Romance to Kill For: Homicidal Complicity in Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily” published in the journal of Studies in Short Fiction in terms of […]
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  • A Rose for Emily: Faulkner’s Short Story vs. Chubbuck’s Film Curry believed that the “stylistics of Faulkner’s language…serves to subordinate Emily, ostensibly the subject of the tale, and to elevate the town as the truer subject”.
  • Social Picture of US Southern Society: “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner In the short story, Faulkner portrays that the beginning of the 1900s was marked by great social and economic changes but many people fail to accommodate their life to new social relations and a new […]
  • Grotesque in “A Rose for Emily” by W. Faulkner One of the most appealing aspects of William Faulkner’s short story A Rose for Emily is that the readers’ exposure to the main character of Emily Grierson provides them with a better understanding of what […]
  • Plot Means in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner The frozen in time quality of the setting, combined with the images of “coquettish decay,” underscore Miss Emily Grierson’s inability to free herself from the memory of her father and of the past.
  • Emily Grierson in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner The character of Emily Grierson in William Faulkner’s short story, “A Rose for Emily”, leaves the reader in dilemma as to whether Emily is the protagonist or the antagonist.
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  • A Rose for Emily: A Short Story by William Faulkner However, in the course of the third part of the story, Faulkner quickly shifts from Miss Emily and Homer conjuring up some form of a relationship to discussing her purchasing the poison.
  • A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper: Compare & Contrast That is one of the main dangers that people should be aware of. This is one of the main points that can be made.
  • “A Rose for Emily” by Faulkner In conclusion, A Rose for Emily is an excellent example of the Southern Gothic genre. A Rose for Emily illustrates the Southern Gothic genre by reating it to Homer’s murder.
  • Character Analysis of A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner This essay discusses the character of the Townspeople with regard to the development of the themes and plot of the story.
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  • William Faulkner: Symbols in the Narrative of “A Rose for Emily” In the first place, the family house where Emily and her deceased father lived is one of the central symbolic images of the story.
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  • What Is the Moral Lesson of “A Rose for Emily”?
  • Is Emily From “A Rose for Emily” a Victim or a Predator?
  • What Is the Main Problem in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • Does Any Uncertainty Remain in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Is Emily’s Place in the Socio-Economic Structure of ‘“A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Is the Conclusion in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Is the Author’s Purpose of “A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Is the Relationship Between Miss Emily and Her Father in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • Is Emily’s Father to Blame for Insanity in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Are Literary Devices in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Causes the Smell Around Emily’s House in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Are the Elements in the Story of “A Rose for Emily”?
  • What Are the Multiple Meanings for the “Rose” in “A Rose for Emily”?
  • Who Is the Antagonist in “A Rose for Emily”?
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A Rose For Emily Essay Topics & Ideas

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Rose for Emily Literary Analysis Essay Topics

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William Faulkner’s novel A Rose for Emily was published in Forum Magazine on April 30, 1930. It was Faulkner’s first novel to be published in a prominent magazine. Although it received minimal attention after its first publication, A Rose for Emily has become one of Faulkner’s most popular works. Faulkner received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1949 and is now considered one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. His works are mainly concerned with the cultural changes that took place in the south after the civil war.

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner is a short story from the point of view of one of the townspeople. When Miss Emily dies, he tells his readers about several major incidents in the life of the old woman that has some significant meaning for the people of the village. She rarely spoke to anyone, and after the mayor exempted her from paying taxes, she refused to pay those taxes throughout her life, despite the persistent pushing of elders in the city (“A Rose for Emily”, 1930).

How to Choose Essay Topic on A Rose For Emily?

Here are some tips on how to choose an essay topic for A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner.

  • Pick something that interests you. If you don’t care about the topic, it will be hard to write a good essay.
  • Choose a topic that has a lot of research that’s been done on it already so that you can focus on your writing and not have to do too much work yourself.
  • Make sure that whatever topic you choose is within the scope of what the assignment asks for (for example, if they ask for an analysis of Emily’s character, don’t pick a subject like “Emily as a symbol”, because this isn’t about analyzing her character).

Tips on How to Write A Rose For Emily Essay

When you’re ready to start writing, there’s no need to worry about the length of your essay. Of course, you’ll want to keep it as short as possible, but if you feel like there are still things you want to say, then go ahead and write them down! Just make sure that your writing is clear and easy-to-understand.

  • Start off with a hook: You should start by giving the reader an idea of what they can expect from the rest of your essay. This can be done in one sentence or two, but make sure that it’s interesting enough so that they’ll want to read more!
  • Introduce your thesis statement: Next up is introducing your thesis statement, which should be one sentence that summarizes what you’re going to talk about throughout the rest of the essay. For example: “In William Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily”, Emily Grierson uses her wealth and position in society as a means for controlling others through fear.”
  • Develop this idea throughout your essay: Now that you’ve introduced your thesis statement, you’re ready to start developing it further through examples from the text itself! Make sure that every point follows logically from previous ones;
  • Describe the main character and their relationships with other characters.
  • Explain how the main character changes over the course of the story, and what that means for them and for the people around them.
  • Choose one or two events from the story that illustrate your point about the character’s transformation, and describe them in detail to show how they affect him/her both physically and emotionally.
  • Conclude by explaining why this transformation is important to understanding Emily’s character (and therefore, her actions).

✒️ Argumentative A Rose for Emily Essay Topics

A Rose for Emily

“A Rose for Emily” was Faulkner’s first story published in a national magazine.

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✍ A Rose for Emily Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

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a rose for emily

Faulkner never graduated from high school.

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A Rose for Emily

Ernest Hemingway criticized “A Rose for Emily.”

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Topic Details

Description: A Rose for Emily is a short story by American author William Faulkner, first published on April 30, 1930, in an issue of The Forum. The story takes place in Faulkner's fictional Jefferson, Mississippi, in the equally fictional county of Yoknapatawpha.
Originally published: April 30, 1930
Genre(s): Southern gothic
Series: Emilys Diary
Characters: Emily Grierson, Judge Stevens, Mr. Grierson, Homer Barron, Tobe
Motifs: In ''A Rose for Emily,'' motifs, or repetitive symbols that support the theme, include monuments, gray hair, and dust. Emily is compared to a monument or an idol as she represents a part of the town that has passed when the Confederates lost the Civil War.

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Interesting Literature

The Narrator and Narration of ‘A Rose for Emily’ Explained

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

‘A Rose for Emily’ is William Faulkner’s most widely studied short story, and its distinctive narrative voice is one reason for the story’s continued appeal. More so than ‘Barn Burning’ and ‘Dry September’, which are probably Faulkner’s other best-known stories, ‘A Rose for Emily’ uses narration not as a means of telling a linear narrative, but to produce other effects – effects which are worth stopping to consider in more depth and detail.

We’ll divide our consideration of narrative in Faulkner’s story into two sections: ‘the narrator’ and ‘narrative style’. These two elements are interlinked but deserve to be analysed separately.

The Narrator.

The narrator of ‘A Rose for Emily’ is unusual in that ‘they’ use the first-person plural pronoun ‘we’ to describe themselves. They are not a character in the story as such (that is to say, they are heterodiegetic rather than homodiegetic, to use the narratologist Gerard Genette’s terms ).

Moreover, they are different from a traditional first-person narrator who uses ‘I’ and ‘me’ in reference to themselves; but nor are they an omniscient third-person narrator who views the events of the story from a detached position and perspective.

This makes them a strange phenomenon: perhaps we can call them a ‘character’ in their own right, but they remain an intangible and amorphous presence, almost a phantasmal figure in the story. Perhaps this is appropriate for a story which is a quintessential example of the Southern Gothic , featuring a seldom-seen recluse who harbours a dark secret in the attic chamber.

The narrator of the story is never named, and their identity – or what they are meant to represent – has attracted considerable critical speculation. Are they an individual member of the town where Miss Emily Grierson lived, or are they the town itself ? Are they an individual speaking on behalf of the whole community or are they that community, which is somehow speaking, as it were, as one unified voice to us?

How we answer this question can have consequences for how we analyse the story. If the narrator is a kind of symbolic representation of the whole town, this suggests the community as a whole had one view of Emily and her life. If the narrator is merely one individual presuming to speak on behalf of the rest of his (or her) townspeople, then we should approach their narration with more caution.

Early on in ‘A Rose for Emily’, for example, they tell us that ‘our whole town’ went to Emily’s funeral. Is it likely that literally the whole town, down to every single citizen, attended? Is this hyperbole, and what does it tell us about the narrator’s gossipy manner of telling us about the rumours and facts surrounding Miss Emily Grierson?

Narrative Style.

But the narrator is not the only unusual narrative feature of ‘A Rose for Emily’. There’s also the non-linear way in which that narrator recounts the life of Miss Emily Grierson, the story’s title character.

The story begins and ends with the events surrounding Miss Emily’s death, and in between – in the main portion of the story – the narrator describes some of the most prominent and significant incidents in the life of the story’s title character. Faulkner uses a kind of foreshadowing to hint at the story’s grim denouement.

For example, he tells us that the foul and mysterious smell which the townsfolk started complaining about first became a problem ‘a short time after her sweetheart … had deserted her.’ Later, the narrator tells us that she purchased the arsenic ‘over a year’ after she had started being seen with Homer Barron.

In summary, then, the clues are there but they are lightly planted along the way, with the story’s chronological jumps back and forth in time requiring a very attentive reader to piece together the chronology and realise that Emily appears to have murdered Barron.

This method of furnishing the reader with the details of Emily’s life is effective for at least three reasons.

First of all, there is the practical reason that it enables Faulkner to build a gradual sense of mystery and suspense surrounding Miss Emily and her past. What did happen to Homer after he was seen being admitted to the house – and then never seen again? What was her relationship with her father really like, and why does she keep the crayon portrait of him in front of the fireplace?

There is also, however, a second advantage to Faulkner’s mode of narration, and it is related to a central feature of ‘A Rose for Emily’. In a sense, she exists only as an object to be viewed through the eyes of the townspeople: she barely speaks herself in the story, and she is always regarded from the outside, by the narrator who speaks for (or even is ) the whole town.

The narrator fashions their narrative around the town’s attitude to Emily, homing in on specific moments when she interacted with them (such as when the deputation went to speak to her about her unpaid taxes) or when she was seen (such as when she was out riding in Homer Barron’s buggy). Emily herself would have told her own story in a very different manner.

Third, and just as importantly, the non-linear way in which Emily’s life is revealed to us allows Faulkner to foreground her death and then work backwards from that starting-point. Since ‘A Rose for Emily’ is partly a story about the decline of the Old South in the decades following the end of the Civil War, it is significant that the ‘monument’ (the narrator’s word) to that vanished world is already dead when the narrative begins.

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A Rose for Emily

William faulkner.

a rose for emily essay hook

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“A Rose for Emily” opens in the twentieth century on the day Miss Emily Grierson ’s funeral, held in the once grand, now decaying Grierson family house . Many townspeople were in attendance, not only to pay their respects but also out of curiosity, for no one had seen the interior of the Grierson house in ten years.

However, the narrative quickly shifts back in time, and describes an episode in which Colonel Sartoris , the then-mayor of Jefferson, Mississippi, excused Miss Emily from having to pay taxes in 1894 (he did so because she was both impoverished and unmarried despite being in her forties). Almost twenty years after Sartoris granted this amnesty to Miss Emily, however, a newer generation of men had assumed power in Jefferson, with “modern ideas” and a more pragmatic approach to governance. This generation found the arrangement Sartoris had made with Miss Emily dissatisfying; but, despite their persistence, they failed in their several attempts to exact taxes from the increasingly reclusive woman.

The narrator then likens this small victory of Miss Emily's (her continuing avoidance of taxes) to one she secured thirty years earlier, when she was in her thirties. Neighbors complained to the then-mayor of Jefferson, Judge Stevens, that a bad smell was issuing from Miss Emily's place, but Stevens refused to inform Miss Emily of this for fear of humiliating her. Instead, four men were dispatched to investigate the smell in secret and to spread an odor-neutralizing agent, lime, on Miss Emily's property. The smell went away thereafter.

The narrative takes a final step back in time, to two years before the bad smell was detected. Miss Emily’s father died, leaving her a “pauper.” Miss Emily denied that he was dead, however, and would have kept his corpse had town authorities not intervened.

In the same year as her father’s death, a construction company headed by a Northerner named Homer Barron arrived in town to pave the sidewalks; he and Miss Emily came to be sweethearts despite the scandal of a Southern woman of genteel birth being romantically involved with a Northern laborer. The townspeople were only further scandalized, however, when they learned that Homer was by his own account “not a marrying man.” Consequently, the Baptist minister’s wife wrote to two of Miss Emily’s haughty female cousins , who duly arrived in Jefferson to live with Miss Emily and oversee her conduct. Soon after, Homer deserted Miss Emily. She bought poison, arsenic—to commit suicide, the townspeople assumed. Yet her cousins departed within the week, and Homer returned to her within three days of their departure, leading the townspeople to suspect that it was only the haughty cousin who had driven Homer away. The day he returned, Homer was admitted into Miss Emily’s house at dusk. Yet Homer Barron was never seen again, and the townspeople assumed that he had abandoned her after all.

The narrative then moves forward, back up to Miss Emily’s funeral. The narrator recalls how, after Miss Emily was buried, the townspeople found and eventually forced entry into a locked room in her house, where they discovered Homer Barron’s corpse laid out in a bed and, on a pillow next to his head, a strand of Miss Emily’s hair .

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  17. The Narrator and Narration of 'A Rose for Emily' Explained

    'A Rose for Emily' is William Faulkner's most widely studied short story, and its distinctive narrative voice is one reason for the story's continued appeal. More so than 'Barn Burning' and 'Dry September', which are probably Faulkner's other best-known stories, 'A Rose for Emily' uses narration not as a means of telling a linear narrative, but to produce other effects ...

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