sustainable tourism case study of shimla

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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: A CASE STUDY OF SHIMLA

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Shimla famous as a natural hill station in Himachal Pradesh has great potential for tourism development but major hurdle is its development without sustainable approach No applied strategies of sustainable development is in action for study area till date. This paper focuses on the environmental problem of the area and also offers recommendations and monitoring aspects which can be helpful in the sustainable tourism development.

Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Policy, Community, Shimla.

INTRODUCTION

Tourism, a service industry is considered foundation of the environment pyramid. Presently, technological advancement has changed the travel patterns to independent travel which resulted non-institutionalizations to tourism at the global levels. Similarly, tourism expansion has been identified as major force of environmental changes particularly in the natural places where maximum interaction is noticed between recreational activities and concerned environment. Tourism has an adverse impact on the physical and natural environment in numerous ways. For example the infrastructure leads unsympathetic ecosystems and biodiversity. Kumar Dixit (2005) claimed that tourism is ultimately unsustainable because of its impacts on environment and culture. Tourism maximization leads to destination destruction; however tourism industry has initiated environmental Guidelines in contemporary times. T.K. Sathydev (2012) stated that in developing nations tourism generates some unfavorable effects like investor's lack of cultural value of host threaten the traditional value system, violation of human rights in term of sex tourism, child abuses etc. Effective planning enhances economic opportunity and may have impacts on environment. Sunitra Roday , Archna Biwal ( 2009 ) stated that Mahabeleshwar hill station was a site for nature lover, today the place is facing traffic jams, garbage, water scarcity congested roads, Tourists have started to search alternate nature destination for other natural places instead of Mahableshwar. Bansal ( 2006 ) stated that international tourism is growing day by day and it is exploiting natural resources, Under these circumstances sustainable tourism would be fruitful approach which cares for economic, social and ecological carrying capacities of destinations as well as attraction. Tuting (1989) noted the use of wood to heat water to meet the needs of Tourists. It has been estimated that consumption of 14 pounds of woods per day per tourist leads to further deforestation. Scottish Scenic Trust list (1989) stated that destinations loose attractiveness due to the...

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Tourism Sustainability in Hilly Regions—A Review for Shimla

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• First Online: 28 September 2022
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• Akash Bhardwaj 12 &
• Ashok Kumar Gupta 13  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 277))

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Hill towns are popular attraction for tourism destinations recent trends. These are famous for the natural environmental beauty and also for their distinctive cultural traditions. Current trends in tourism show they are focussed towards the increase in volume of tourists, thus bringing changes to mountain environment which are fragile and venerable to irreversible damaging effects. Shimla is a popular and one of the most attractive hill stations for tourists. But there are certain elements which are responsible for degradation of the beautiful place and effecting the environment of the city. Unplanned tourism development leads to overburden on available resources and deteriorating natural environment. There is a need of sustainable approach balancing both the growth of tourism and conservation of environmental and cultural asset. The motive and objective of this paper is to review need of tourism trend in Shimla and focus on environmental deterioration. There is a need of sustainable tourism approach by identifying the major issues and finding a sustainable tourism development that enhances the sustainability in the hill town.

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Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, HP, 173234, India

Akash Bhardwaj

Dean (Academics and Research), Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, HP, 173234, India

Ashok Kumar Gupta

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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore

Kong Kian Hau

Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Sandeep Chaudhary

Tanmay Gupta

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Bhardwaj, A., Gupta, A.K. (2023). Tourism Sustainability in Hilly Regions—A Review for Shimla. In: Hau, K.K., Gupta, A.K., Chaudhary, S., Gupta, T. (eds) Recent Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction Management . Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 277. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4040-8_70

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The proposed project targets the following impact: tourism economy in the five districts (Hamirpur, Kangra, Kullu, Mandi, and Shimla) make a complete recovery from the pandemic downturn and return to steady growth trajectory. Sustainable and resilient tourism interventions help in spreading social and economic benefits of tourism more widely within the five districts. The project's outcomes are - a vibrant tourism economy, improved sustainability of destinations, resilience to seasonality, effectiveness in spreading economic benefits and an enhanced profile as a preferred tourism destination.

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Impact of Mass Tourism on The Natural Environment of Shimla - A Comprehensive Analysis

• Author Manju Chhikara
• Co-Author Dinesh Dhankhar
• DOI https://ww
• Country : India
• Subject : Zoology

Description :

Shimla, a picturesque hill station in Himachal Pradesh, India, has experienced a rapid surge in mass tourism over the past few decades. While tourism brings economic benefits and cultural exchange, it also poses significant challenges to the region's delicate natural environment. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of mass tourism on Shimla's natural environment, focusing on key ecological aspects, including air and water quality, biodiversity, waste management, and land-use changes. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining primary and secondary data collection methods. Extensive field surveys, interviews, and questionnaires were conducted to assess the perceptions and behaviors of tourists and local communities. Additionally, data from government agencies, research papers, and reports were analyzed to provide a broader context for understanding the environmental implications of mass tourism in Shimla.The research paper highlights the adverse consequences of mass tourism on the natural environment of Shimla. Increased tourist arrivals have resulted in intensified air pollution due to vehicular emissions and construction activities. Water bodies have experienced contamination from untreated wastewater, impacting both water quality and aquatic ecosystems. The expansion of tourism infrastructure has led to habitat loss and fragmentation, negatively affecting the region's rich biodiversity. Waste management emerged as a significant challenge, with improper disposal of solid waste contributing to environmental degradation. Additionally, unplanned urbanization and deforestation have altered land-use patterns, further threatening the fragile ecological balance of the area. The findings of this comprehensive analysis underscore the urgency of addressing the impact of mass tourism on Shimla's natural environment. As tourism continues to grow, it is imperative to adopt sustainable tourism practices to safeguard the region's unique biodiversity and ecological heritage. Effective waste management, promotion of eco-friendly practices, and community involvement are critical components of sustainable tourism management.This research paper contributes valuable insights to inform policymakers, local authorities, and tourism stakeholders about the pressing need for conservation efforts and responsible tourism practices in Shimla. By prioritizing environmental protection, stakeholders can strike a balance between tourism development and ecological preservation, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between tourism and nature in this picturesque hill station.

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• Tourism Development
• Development Economics
• Tourism, Economics and Development
• Sustainable Tourism

“An approach for sustainable tourism development in mountains: A case study of Shimla environs”

• October 2013
• Editor: Prof. R.K. Gupta Dr. Prashant Gautam Dr. Arun Singh Thakur
• ISBN: 978-93-80318-52-3

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Role Of Homestay In Reviving Tourism In Shimla

• Jyoti Thakur Research Scholar,Lovely Professional University, Jallandhar
• Nikhil Monga Ex-Faculty, Lovely Professional University, Jallandhar

Background: At seasonal tourist destinations like Shimla, rooms may remain vacant and unoccupied during lean peri ods. To add on, pandemic has already shut many small lodging facilities. Objective: The aim of this study is to improve  our understanding of how homestay activities can contribute to revitalize sustainable tourism trends in Shimla, the study  assumes particular importance in a period of economic crisis characterized by post covid trauma. Methodology: A  survey was conducted in Shimla after first wave of corona virus from September 20 to December 20 as soon as the travel  restrictions were uplifted. The travel and accommodation preferences of tourists were observed and found to be shifting  towards less frequently visited places avoiding mass tourism. To highlight the role of homestays in reviving these tourism  trends, three objectives were identified. Two separate questionnaires were developed to get the quantitative and qual itative data for this research. The data was tabulated and evaluated using SPSS tool. Results: The findings presented  the analysed profile of the potential homestay operators as well as visitors seeking homestay tourism. It also reports the  motivations, expectation and experience of the tourists regarding various aspects of homestay. Conclusion: Homestays  can act as potential vital tool in reviving tourism. 

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Mass Tourism & Environ- Infrastructural Crises of Shimla City: A Case Study

Shimla is one of the best tourist destinations in India. Pleasant weather of Shimla, panoramic beauty of Himalayan tract, Colonial heritage & charm attract tourists from every corner of the World. However, like all colonial hill stations of India, it also has been saturated with urban set up and tourism activities. In present days, this city is facing environmental as well as infrastructural crisis due to over population practice of mass tourism. Water crises, deforestation, environmental pollution, rapid pollution growth, lack of accommodation facilities, over population of monkeys etc are the serious issues in present day Shimla. This paper deals with present infrastructural-environmental problems of Shimla city highlighting the possible measures in an analytical approach.

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Tourism in Shimla (India's Incredible Tourist Destination) is emerging as a source of growth in context with economy, cultural diversity, infrastructure development & heritage significance. In this emergence of tourism in Shimla, there are certain elements attached to it which is causing the degradation of tourism trends and increasing environmental constraints. The natural beauty of " Shimla-Queen of Hills " & summer capital during British rule is fragile and is vulnerable to any kind of damage which could be irrevocable in the future. The Shimla city is expanding with increasing population, construction of houses and companies from outside Himachal Pradesh. Present condition demands policies & it's execution to restructure the city and make it sustainable and such a tourist destination where tourist capacity is accommodated with safety and comfort. Tourist inflow will increase by resolving traffic congestion, overcrowding, environmental damage and improper sanitation. The main focus of this study through secondary research is environmental threats, responsible tourism practices, effective planning, eco friendly solutions and enhancing tourist influx through better arrangements. The above issues which are the raising alarm in present scenario of the city can be resolved through effective government policies, suggestions, tourists feedback and residents community cooperation.

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Tourism has strong linkage with the economic growth and development in India. Because of its maximum backward and forward linkages, tourism contributed more in the income and employment generation in India. However, the development of the tourism sector in India also raises some of the issues related to the environment. This paper is an overview on the environmental issues of tourism development in the context of India Tourism. Observational approach has been used in the present study. In addition, pictorial presentation has been made to highlight the mounting effects of tourism in India. The findings of the study revealed that an environmental issue of tourism in India is different per region or state. From the theoretical perspective carrying capacity, land degradation, pollution, deforestation, climate changes, solid wastes etc have been viewed as important environmental effects of tourism development. A detail study on Environmental Impact Assessment is, therefore, needed in different region of India for the sustainable management and environment protection. Key words: Environment, Carrying capacity, Natural resources, India

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Both population explosion and environmental degradation are becoming a challenge in tourism development. In the context of India, this seems to be proving to be absolutely correct. The development work being done to meet the needs of the growing population is harming the natural resources and their consumption is also increasing rapidly. As long as the growing population does not stop, the wastage of natural resources will not stop. The speed with which the population is increasing in India is really a matter of concern. Due to this increasing population, unemployment and poverty are also increasing in the country. The tourism industry is playing an important role in generating employment and foreign exchange. It is the third largest foreign exchange earner for the country, which has an important place in the country's GDP. But the tourism industry is also facing many difficulties due to environmental degradation. Due to the environment, there is a decline in foreign and domestic tourists, due to which there is a possibility of reduction in employment and foreign exchange. Therefore we can say that both population explosion and environmental degradation are presenting a challenge before the tourism industry. There is an urgent need for the government to pay more attention to this and should sincerely take concrete and necessary steps to remove it.

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Tourism has the potential to bring about changes in mountain environments, which are fragile and vulnerable to irreversible damage. Present trends in tourism are oriented towards increasing tourist volume. As a result, it threatens the capacity of tourist attractions because of overcrowding, congestion, traffic snarls and environmental pollution. Aggressive tourism activities without proper planning, effective policy and institutional framework have created serious environmental problems. If a tourist destination becomes environmentally degraded, tourists themselves start shunning it. This study finds Shimla to be one such destination. The main objective of this article is to review the type of tourists arriving, seasonality in Shimla and, more specifically, to focus on environmental problems and suggest action plans in an ecofriendly way. There is need for unified efforts in this direction and to make Shimla an all year round attraction for the visitors as well as Shimla itself. The town of Shimla, a summer capital of the Indian State of Himachal Pradesh during the British occupation, is the central focus of this study.

Tourism Industry is a major contributor of solid wastes. Being floating population tourists do not show much responsibility and interest in handling the waste generated by them. The real sufferers are the host population and the wild life who starve for fresh air and fresh drinking water. Kerala is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. Named as one of the ten paradises of the world by National Geographic Traveler, it is famous especially for its ecotourism initiatives. Growing at a rate of 13.31%, the tourism industry is a major contributor to the state's economy. In 2016 as around 10.3 lakh foreign and 1.32 crore domestic tourists came visiting the state generating a total tourism revenue of 38000 crore. The prominent social problems created by tourism development is the environmental damage and health risk associated with it. Mismanaged solid waste is the driving force behind all the environmental issues. In spite of all disadvantages, undoubtedly, tourism acts as a catalyst for the economic development of an area. The main objectives of the paper is to compare the environmental problems, air, water, noise pollution and solid waste problems prevailing in the two selected tourist centres Varkala and Kalpetta. A sample of 49 residents are selected by Simple Random Sampling. The selection of the ratio 26:23 is fixed based on the proportion of total number of residents on these two Centres. In addition one expert each from each centre is selected and information is gathered from them by interview method to know the waste profile, waste treatment and disposal options. The tools used for analysis of primary data consist

Tourism and environment related in three ways - first, environmental attributes and components are used as attraction to explore the tourism potentialities; second, the area experiences tourism activity suffer from various environmental problems and lastly deterioration of aesthetic beauty of environment discourage tourists to visit any area which leads to decline the tourism activity as well as the economy of the area. This is the point of concern from which the concepts of eco tourism, sustainable tourism, alternative tourism etc. emerge. The present paper aims to highlight the second and third component of above relationship along with a management perspective in the Murshidabad Municipal Area, a potential tourist destination in West Bengal. The methodology applied is empirical and based on field level survey. The perception survey of tourists and the service providers are conducted to unfold the reality and it is found that Murshidabad is already facing the different kind of pollution of physical environment.

International Journal of Field Work Studies, 2003

The study aims to assess the environmental situation arising at two important locations in North Western Himalaya- Kullu and Manali due to increasing pressure of tourism. It takes up the problems of over construction of hotels, deforestation, air pollution, solid waste, water pollution and also suggests some mitigating measures to lessen the load of different forms of pollutions. Hotel construction

India’s cultural legacy is one of the world’s most distinct and diverse and it is an inspiration that draws ever growing number of tourists every year to our world famed heritage monuments, colossal forts, royal palaces, museums, libraries, as well as to geographically diverse scenic landscapes. Various cultural heritage sites, performing arts, crafts, and natural resources have all been used in attracting the tourists. This approach, however, may reduce the significance of cultural heritage and the environmental assets to an economic commodity minimizing or sometime completely ignoring their socio-cultural values. Moreover converging of a large number of tourists of different background on a historic monument or site and location of tourists facilities on the cultural heritage sites have often resulted not only in altering of the original features but also in all kind of pollution damaging or even destroying the fabric of the monuments and works of art. The combined impact of attack due atmospheric pollution, urbanization, excessive tourism, solid waste generation, negligence, and inappropriate restoration measures often results in irremediable changes and, in some cases, even the complete disappearance of immovable and movable heritage. The objectives of this paper is to understand and investigate the nexus between environmental degradation and tourism development, its impact on the tourism areas, besides the protection / conservation of heritage structures when these environmental and cultural threats continue to multiply with each passing day.

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GROWTH OF TOURISM IN HIMACHAL PRADESH: A STUDY OF DISTRICT SHIMLA IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

• Sandeep Kumar Thakur Assistant Professor, Government College Nirmand, & Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IEC University, Baddi (HP), India

The tourist sector in Himachal Pradesh is expanding and contributing significantly to the creation of jobs and economic prosperity in the area. It is anticipated that the establishment of businesses, the development of infrastructure, and the creation of jobs will all have a substantial impact on the socioeconomic development of the state. Tourism has the capacity to help other economic sectors through its backward and forward connections and cross-sectoral synergies with businesses including agriculture, horticulture, poultry, handicrafts, transportation, and construction, among others. Spending on tourism brings about a number of transactions that demand the supply of goods and services from these related businesses. As a result of tourist spending, consumer demand rises, creating more jobs and having a positive multiplier effect on the economy. How well a region develops tourism is dependent on its resources. Due to the tourism industries growing impact on the environment's resources, it is now more crucial than ever to encourage environmentally friendly tourism. Himachal is a well-known tourist attraction both domestically and internationally. Domestic tourists come to this hill state for a number of reasons, such as to take in the peace and quiet, to escape the oppressive heat of the lowlands, to relax, or to perform pilgrimages. Visitors from other countries are drawn to the hill state because of its historical significance. New tourism niches, such as adventure, trekking, camping, and sport tourism, have been found for both domestic and foreign tourists. The State Government has started a number of initiatives to stimulate travel and tourism.

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Chugh, S. R. (2012). "Tourism Promotion in Himachal Pradesh: An Opinion Survey of Foreign Tourists", International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism System, 5(2), 36-41.

Ganesh, A., & Madhavi, C. (2007). "Impact of Tourism on Indian Economy - A Snapshot", Journal of Contemporary Research in Management, 1(1-2), 235-240.

Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., & Pam, D. (2019). "Locals' Attitudes toward Mass and Alternative Tourism: The Case of Sunshine Coast, Australia", Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 381-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509346853

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Owen, D. (1964). Strategy for Mobility, Washington D.C. Brooking Institute : Tourism Compendium, WTO, 1983.

Parmar, J. (2012). "Tourism : An Engine to Economic Growth in Rural Economy of Himachal Pradesh.", Kurukshetra Ministry of Rural Development, 60(7), 17-22.

Sharma, M. (2007). "Cultural Heritage Tourism in Shimla District", Cutting Edge Research in Tourism Emerging Issue and Challenge, Chandigarh : Bharat Bhushan, Abhishek Publication.

Singh, P. P. (1978). Economic Potential of Tourism in Himachal Pradesh with Special Reference to Shimla, Unpublished M.Phil. Dissertation submitted to H.P.U. Shimla.

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