research paper on 2012

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Articles in 2012

India prepares to boost science

Five-year spending plan backs massive investment in research and scientific facilities.

• K.S. Jayaraman

Yangtze finless porpoises in peril

Survey finds that the freshwater mammal is in serious decline.

Severe drought has lasting effects on Amazon

Satellite data reveal effects of climate change on tropical forests.

• Hannah Hoag

ATP-directed capture of bioactive herbal-based medicine on human tRNA synthetase

The crystal structure of prolyl tRNA synthetase simultaneously bound to its substrate ATP and its inhibitor halofuginone, a derivative of a compound used to treat malaria, indicates that (through interactions with ATP) halofuginone occupies both the amino acid and tRNA binding sites on the synthetase, revealing a new model for developing synthetase inhibitors.

• Huihao Zhou
• Paul Schimmel

Exaggerated translation causes synaptic and behavioural aberrations associated with autism

Mice overexpressing eIF4E show autism-related behaviours and altered synaptic activity in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum, and these phenotypes can be rescued with the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4EGI-1.

• Emanuela Santini
• Thu N. Huynh

Topological colloids

Topologically distinct colloidal particles introduced into a nematic liquid crystal align and generate topology-constrained three-dimensional director fields and defects in the liquid crystal fluid that can be manipulated with a variety of methods, opening up a new area of exploration in the field of soft matter.

• Bohdan Senyuk
• Qingkun Liu
• Ivan I. Smalyukh

Identification of small RNA pathway genes using patterns of phylogenetic conservation and divergence

To identify comprehensively factors involved in RNAi and microRNA-mediated gene expression regulation, this study performed a phylogenetic analysis of 86 eukaryotic species; the candidates this approach highlighted were subjected to Bayesian analysis with transcriptional and proteomic interaction data, identifying protein orthologues of already known RNAi silencing factors, as well as other hits involved in splicing, suggesting a connection between the two processes.

• Yuval Tabach
• Allison C. Billi
• Gary Ruvkun

Regulation of mTORC1 by the Rag GTPases is necessary for neonatal autophagy and survival

Mice expressing a constitutively active form of RagA are unable to inhibit mTORC1 after birth and to trigger autophagy, and succumb perinatally.

• Alejo Efeyan
• Roberto Zoncu
• David M. Sabatini

Asymmetric neurotransmitter release enables rapid odour lateralization in Drosophila

When an odour activates a fly′s antennae asymmetrically, more neurotransmitter is released from olfactory receptor neuron axon branches ipsilateral to the antenna than from contralateral branches. This causes ipsilateral central olfactory neurons to begin spiking earlier and at a higher rate than contralateral neurons, thereby enabling a walking fly to turn towards the odour.

• Quentin Gaudry
• Elizabeth J. Hong
• Rachel I. Wilson

Visualization of splenic marginal zone B-cell shuttling and follicular B-cell egress

Lymphocyte migration in the spleen is visualized live in mice using a real-time two-photon laser-scanning microscopy approach revealing that marginal zone and follicular B cells are highly motile and can shuttle between compartments, and integrin adhesion is the key to cellular retention in the marginal zone.

• Tal I. Arnon
• Robert M. Horton
• Jason G. Cyster

Transgenic fish swims up regulatory stream

A fast-growing salmon moves closer to US approval after a fishy delay.

South Korea’s president-elect promises science boost

Park Geun-hye vows to raise investment in basic research and to accelerate Moon-lander plans.

• Soo Bin Park

Pannoniasaurus inexpectatus: World’s first freshwater mosasaur

Polio campaign at turning point, after Pakistan killings

Vaccination will go on despite setback, say eradication campaigners.

• Ewen Callaway

Photon devices could outperform ordinary computers

Experiments with light confirm the need for quantum machines.

• Devin Powell

Books & Arts of the year

Our pick of 2012's Books & Arts coverage.

US meteorite was fastest on record

Study traces object's path back to outer asteroid belt

• Becky Summers

Chicago's Field Museum cuts back on science

Previous expansion projects force the centre's new president to address shortfalls.

How life emerged from deep-sea rocks

The origin of ion-pumping proteins could explain how life began in, and escaped from, undersea thermal vents.

Method offers DNA blueprint of a single human cell

Easier cell-to-cell comparisons hold potential insights into cancer and other biological processes.

• Monya Baker

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Is U.S. Economic Growth Over? Faltering Innovation Confronts the Six Headwinds

This paper raises basic questions about the process of economic growth. It questions the assumption, nearly universal since Solow's seminal contributions of the 1950s, that economic growth is a continuous process that will persist forever. There was virtually no growth before 1750, and thus there is no guarantee that growth will continue indefinitely. Rather, the paper suggests that the rapid progress made over the past 250 years could well turn out to be a unique episode in human history. The paper is only about the United States and views the future from 2007 while pretending that the financial crisis did not happen. Its point of departure is growth in per-capita real GDP in the frontier country since 1300, the U.K. until 1906 and the U.S. afterwards. Growth in this frontier gradually accelerated after 1750, reached a peak in the middle of the 20th century, and has been slowing down since. The paper is about "how much further could the frontier growth rate decline?"

The analysis links periods of slow and rapid growth to the timing of the three industrial revolutions (IR's), that is, IR #1 (steam, railroads) from 1750 to 1830; IR #2 (electricity, internal combustion engine, running water, indoor toilets, communications, entertainment, chemicals, petroleum) from 1870 to 1900; and IR #3 (computers, the web, mobile phones) from 1960 to present. It provides evidence that IR #2 was more important than the others and was largely responsible for 80 years of relatively rapid productivity growth between 1890 and 1972. Once the spin-off inventions from IR #2 (airplanes, air conditioning, interstate highways) had run their course, productivity growth during 1972-96 was much slower than before. In contrast, IR #3 created only a short-lived growth revival between 1996 and 2004. Many of the original and spin-off inventions of IR #2 could happen only once - urbanization, transportation speed, the freedom of females from the drudgery of carrying tons of water per year, and the role of central heating and air conditioning in achieving a year-round constant temperature.

Even if innovation were to continue into the future at the rate of the two decades before 2007, the U.S. faces six headwinds that are in the process of dragging long-term growth to half or less of the 1.9 percent annual rate experienced between 1860 and 2007. These include demography, education, inequality, globalization, energy/environment, and the overhang of consumer and government debt. A provocative "exercise in subtraction" suggests that future growth in consumption per capita for the bottom 99 percent of the income distribution could fall below 0.5 percent per year for an extended period of decades.

This research has been supported by the Kauffman Foundation. Many facts and relationships highlighted here are based on my book in progress, Beyond the Rainbow: The American Standard of Living Since the Civil War, under contract to the Princeton University Press. To limit the scope of this short paper, only a limited number of historical references and citations are included here. All others are provided in the book manuscript. I am grateful to Marius Malkevicius and Andrew Sabene for their indispensable research assistance, and to David Warsh for helpful comments. This paper originates in a presentation that has been given to numerous audiences over the past year, and I am grateful to members of those audiences for asking provocative questions and making helpful suggestions in the Q&A sessions. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

MARC RIS BibTeΧ

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Excellent Papers for 2012

June 13, 2013

Posted by Corinna Cortes and Alfred Spector, Google Research

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The Research Compendium: The NIOSH Total Worker Health™ Program: Seminal Research Papers 2012

Dhhs (niosh) publication number 2012-146.

In this paper, we review the scientific evidence for coordinating and integrating worksite health promotion and occupational health and safety as a means of enhancing the effectiveness of efforts to promote and protect worker health. The overall aim of this paper is to introduce the parameters for a research agenda aimed at improving worker health through such integrated and coordinated efforts.

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PORTER et al (2012) On being a (modern) scientist - Risks of engaging the public - DOI 10.1080/14636778.2012.687138

Genetics and Society

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James Porter

Mircea Sava

Public performance as a means of communicating science to the lay audiences is not a new endeavour, having precedents at least as early as the 18th century. However, with the emergence of the Public Understanding of Science movement and its demands for active engagement with the public, the performing arts were brought to new dimensions by the social actors involved in the practice of science communication. As a specific scientific domain, contemporary physics remains a difficult subject to approach using the non-verbal communication predominant to the performing arts, and is traditionally thought of as being much more suited for the written or audio-visual media, which are the conventional media for communicating science. This paper aims to analyze the mechanisms through which the highly specialized contemporary physical theories – relativity, quantum mechanics and string theory – succeed in reaching the general public by unconventional media such as theatre and dance. The play Spooky Action: The Drama of Quantum Mechanics (World Science Festival, 2013) or the contemporary dance Three Theories (Karole Armitage, 2008) are only two of such recent performances which deal with physics topics, for which scientists, artists and science communicators cooperate in a common effort to use the human body in order to create these elaborate science shows. Placed at the boundary of science and art, and frequently integrated into science festivals, these performances offer an unequal, though efficient mix of information and entertainment, in the quest of making science accessible and appealing to the public. The impact of these shows on the audience must be judged in an extended context, the performing arts being only one link, an important one, in a highly intricate communication process, which completes and sustains the traditional popular science books and science documentaries.

martin BAUER

Bruce Small

Melanie Smallman

anu shukla-jones

Gene editing techniques represent a major advance in the field of biotechnological research and application, promising significant benefits across the domains of human health, sustainability and the economy. There is broad agreement that gene editing techniques go beyond incremental advances of past biotechnologies. However, harnessing the potential of gene editing techniques will require meeting significant policy challenges in arenas of governance, ethics, and public engagement. This report summarises the discussions of a group of international experts of science, technology and policy, as well as policymakers at a dedicated workshop entitled “Gene editing in an international context: scientific, economic and social issues across sectors” in Ottawa, Canada on 29-30 September 2016.

David Mercer

A number of commentaries pre-occupied with the legal, social and ethical implications of synthetic biology have emphasised an important element shaping options for its future governance will be the normative ethos that is adopted by the emerging field. One venue that has regularly been identified as central to the development of this normative ethos is the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competition...In the discussion which follows it will be noted that many of iGEM's normative aspirations appear to be difficult to apply to practice and that many of the paths which various forms of synthetic biology appear to be following deviate from the values iGEM publicly promotes. ...

Mark Toogood

This article addresses issues surrounding the role of public participation in expert-driven biodiversity monitoring and research, reviewing a range of cross-disciplinary insights and critiques that are important for recent debate in environmental geographies. The paper identifies normative, instrumental and substantive motivations as dimensions of such initiatives and examines the tensions within these. A key focus concerns the ‘win–win’ model of public participation in scientific research (PPSR); claims of multiple benefits from PPSR, such as increased knowledge of biodiversity issues and of participants’ local environments; claims that doing PPSR is a form of ‘social learning’; and, suggestions that engagement in science will change attitudes and environmental behaviour. The ‘win–win’ model is found to veil important issues about the politics of knowledge. These include the framing of citizenship in ‘citizen’ science, the production of certain kinds of scientific subjects within PPSR, the framing of relationships between professional and non-professional parties, assumptions about the role of ‘data’ in the rational evidenced-based process and anxieties amongst professional scientists around relations between data quality and the breadth of participation. Whilst the affective engagement with subject and the non-human world in PPSR is rich and diverse and the expert, non-expert boundary a mutable one (particularly in natural history), there is increasing contention that the win–win model for PPSR only works if we overlook aspects of these knowledge politics.

Brigitte Nerlich

This chapter focuses on the use of metaphors as common points of reference that establish relationships between the sciences, the mass media, and their publics. In particular, we discuss public debates about genetics and genomics from the 1990s to the 2000s in order to offer insights into the politics and ethics of metaphorical framing. Our argument is that metaphors, such as 'clones are copies', play an important role in the public communication of science and technology, just as they do in science itself.

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Online Dating: A Critical Analysis From the Perspective of Psychological Science

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Although the authors find that online dating sites offer a distinctly different experience than conventional dating, the superiority of these sites is not as evident. Dating sites provide access to more potential partners than do traditional dating methods, but the act of browsing and comparing large numbers of profiles can lead individuals to commoditize potential partners and can reduce their willingness to commit to any one person. Communicating online can foster intimacy and affection between strangers, but it can also lead to unrealistic expectations and disappointment when potential partners meet in real life. Although many dating sites tout the superiority of partner matching through the use of “scientific algorithms,” the authors find that there is little evidence that these algorithms can predict whether people are good matches or will have chemistry with one another.

The authors’ overarching assessment of online dating sites is that scientifically, they just don’t measure up. As online dating matures, however, it is likely that more and more people will avail themselves of these services, and if development — and use — of these sites is guided by rigorous psychological science, they may become a more promising way for people to meet their perfect partners.

Hear author Eli J. Finkel discuss the science behind online dating at the 24th APS Annual Convention .

About the Authors

Editorial: Online Dating:  The Current Status —and Beyond

By Arthur Aron

I agree wholeheartedly that so-called scientific dating sites are totally off-base. They make worse matches than just using a random site. That’s because their matching criteria are hardly scientific, as far as romance goes. They also have a very small pool of educated, older men, and lots more women. Therefore they often come up with no matches at all, despite the fact that women with many different personality types in that age group have joined. They are an expensive rip-off for many women over 45.

Speaking as someone who was recently “commoditized” by who I thought was a wonderful man I met on a dating site, I find that the types of people who use these services are looking at the wrong metrics when they seek out a prospective love interest. My mother and father had very few hobbies and interests in common, but because they shared the same core values, their love endured a lifetime. When I got dumped because I didn’t share my S.O.’s interests exactly down the line, I realized how dangerous this line of thinking truly is, how it marginalizes people who really want to give and receive love for more important reasons.

I met a few potential love interests online and I never paid for any matching service! I did my own research on people and chatted online within a site to see if we had things in common. If we had a few things in common, we exchanged numbers, texted for a while, eventually spoke on the phone and if things felt right, we’d meet in a public place to talk. If that went well, we would have another date. I am currently with a man I met online and we have been together for two years! We have plans to marry in the future. But there is always the thought that if this doesn’t work out, how long will it take either of us to jump right back online to find the next possible love connection? I myself would probably start looking right away since looking for love online is a lengthy process!

I knew this man 40 years ago as we worked in the same agency for two years but never dated. Last November 2013 I saw his profile on a dating site. My husband had died four years ago and his wife died 11 years ago. We dated for five months. I questioned him about his continued online search as I had access to his username. Five months into the friendship he told me he “Was looking for his dream women in cyberspace”. I think he has been on these dating sites for over 5 years. Needless to say I will not tolerate this and it was over. I am sad, frustrated and angry how this ended as underneath all of his insecurities, unresolved issues with his wife’s death he is a good guy. I had been on these dating sties for 2 and 1/2 years and now I am looking at Matchmaking services as a better choice in finding a “Better good guy”.

I refer to these sites as “Designer Dating” sites. I liken the search process to ‘Window Shopping’. No-one seems very interested in making an actual purchase or commitment. I notice that all the previous comments are from women only. I agree with the article that says essentially, there are too many profiles and photos. Having fallen under this spell myself…”Oh, he’s nice but I’m sure there’s something better on the next page…” Click. Next. And on it goes. The term Chemistry gets thrown around a lot. I don’t know folks. I sure ain’t feelin’ it. Think I’ll go hang out with some friends now.

Stumbling upon this article during research for my Master thesis and I am curious: Would you use an app, that introduces a new way of dating, solely based on your voice and who you are, rather than how you look like? To me, we don’t fall in love with someone because of their looks (or their body mass index for that matter) or because of an algorithm, but because of the way somebody makes you feel and the way s.o. makes you laugh. At the end of the day, it really doesn’t matter if someone has blue or brown eyes and my experience is, that most people place fake, manipulated or outdated pictures online to sell someone we don’t really are. And we are definitely more than our looks. I found my partner online and we had no picture of each other for three months – but we talked every night for hours…. fell in love and still are after 10 years… We met on a different level and got aligned long before we met. So, the question is, would you give this way of meeting someone a chance… an app where you can listen in to answers people give to questions other user asked before and where you can get a feeling for somebody before you even see them?

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New Report Finds “Gaps and Variation” in Behavioral Science at NIH

A new NIH report emphasizes the importance of behavioral science in improving health, observes that support for these sciences at NIH is unevenly distributed, and makes recommendations for how to improve their support at the agency.

APS Advocates for Psychological Science in New Pandemic Preparedness Bill

APS has written to the U.S. Senate to encourage the integration of psychological science into a new draft bill focused on U.S. pandemic preparedness and response.

APS Urges Psychological Science Expertise in New U.S. Pandemic Task Force

APS has responded to urge that psychological science expertise be included in the group’s personnel and activities.

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Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

has been cited by the following article:

TITLE: Assessment for Intervention of Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Perspectives of Classroom Teachers, Administrators, Caregivers, and Allied Professionals

KEYWORDS: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Assessment; Intervention; Supports and Resources; Children; Focus Group

JOURNAL NAME: Psychology , Vol.4 No.3A , March 28, 2013

ABSTRACT: The present study begins to address the need for evidence-based approaches for guiding the psychological assessment of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). This project represents an important step toward increasing links between research and practice in the communication and use of assessment results for informing intervention decisions. Using a qualitative research approach, the current study contributes to knowledge about concerns with current psychological assessment practices and offers suggestions for optimization based on conversations with teachers, administrators, caregivers and allied professionals. Thematic analysis of 11 focus groups and 3 interviews (N = 60) yielded 3 major findings: the need to focus on the whole child, the necessity of an assessment process that is responsive, and building capacity in the school. This study increases the links between research and practice as we move toward a model of assessment for intervention. Such a model has a strong potential for optimizing assessment practices to better meet the needs of children with FASDs as it promotes a shift that focuses on successful child outcomes regardless of diagnosis.

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Exploring the Nexus of Liquidity Regulation, Bank Risk-Taking, and Shadow Banking: A Comprehensive Analysis of Chinese Commercial Banks

• Published: 30 April 2024

Cite this article

• Xing Chen 1 ,
• Yilei Wu 2 ,
• Yi Ding 3 &
• Tongxin Zhang 1  

The banking industry plays a pivotal role in any economy, and its stability is paramount for societal and economic well-being. This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between liquidity regulation, bank risk-taking, and the shadow banking sector, focusing on Chinese commercial banks. With the introduction of the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) and its integration into the macroprudential regulatory framework, this study takes a novel approach to comprehensively analyze how adjustments in bank asset structures impact risk-taking behavior and the scale of shadow banking from a micro perspective. This paper’s contributions are manifold. Firstly, it innovatively incorporates NSFR and Capital Adequacy Ratio into the DLM model, providing a unified theoretical framework to analyze liquidity management, risk-taking, and shadow banking. It uncovers the micro-level mechanisms driving commercial banks’ liquidity behavior and their relationship with the shadow banking sector. Secondly, it goes beyond empirical verification and examines the logical relationship between liquidity regulation, bank risk-taking, and shadow banking. Thirdly, the paper introduces the “ \({\text{LA}}\) ” indicator for NSFR, offering a differential approach to liquidity supervision and macroprudential regulation. Empirical analysis, spanning from 2012 to 2021 and covering 116 banks, supports the findings. The results suggest optimizing the internal structure of non-credit assets can significantly reduce bank risk-taking while improving NSFR for banks with “ \({\text{LA}}\) ” greater than 0. Conversely, for banks with “ \({\text{LA}}\) ” less than 0, adjusting the internal structure of credit assets can achieve similar objectives. These insights pave the way for more effective liquidity management practices and contribute to the dual goals of liquidity supervision and risk control. Policy recommendations include differentiated supervision based on “ \({\text{LA}}\) ” values, encouraging banks to optimize their asset structures, and diversifying stable funding sources to enhance banking stability and safety. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on enhancing financial stability and aligning with the goals of modern banking regulation.

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School of Finance, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China

Xing Chen & Tongxin Zhang

School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia

Business School, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China

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Chen, X., Wu, Y., Ding, Y. et al. Exploring the Nexus of Liquidity Regulation, Bank Risk-Taking, and Shadow Banking: A Comprehensive Analysis of Chinese Commercial Banks. J Knowl Econ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02013-9

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Received : 30 November 2023

Accepted : 15 April 2024

Published : 30 April 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02013-9

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• Liquidity regulation
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