maulana abul kalam azad essay in english 500 words

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Essay – 100, 500, 1000 Words, 10 Lines

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• November 10, 2023

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Essay – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, was a distinguished leader and scholar in India’s freedom struggle. His early life marked by a commitment to education set the stage for his later contributions to the nation.

National Education Day in India is an annual observance that commemorates the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first Education Minister of independent India. Maulana Azad served in this role from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958.

The essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad provides a comprehensive exploration of the life and contributions of this eminent figure in Indian history. It delves into his early life marked by tragedy, his commitment to education, and his pivotal role in the struggle for India’s independence. In this site students get essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in English in 100, 500, 1000 Words, 10 Lines.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Essay in 500 Words

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad , born in 1888, was a prominent leader in India’s struggle for independence. As a scholar, journalist, and the first Minister of Education post-independence, Azad played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s history, leaving a lasting impact on various fields. The essay delves into his multifaceted contributions.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: A Visionary Leader

Introduction: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a prominent figure in India’s struggle for independence, was born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca . As a scholar, freedom fighter, and the country’s first Education Minister, Azad played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s destiny. His real name is Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini but he eventually became known as Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.

Early Life and Education: Azad was born in a family with a strong educational background. Azad mother name is Sheikha Alia bint Mohammad. His father, Maulana Khairuddin, was a scholar, and young Azad showed early promise in academics. His quest for knowledge led him to become proficient in multiple languages, including Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. At the age of 13, Azad delved into journalism, contributing articles to various newspapers.

Involvement in the Freedom Struggle: Inspired by the nationalist movement, Azad actively participated in the struggle for India’s freedom. His association with leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement showcased his commitment to the cause. Azad’s eloquence and passion for independence made him a respected leader within the Indian National Congress.

Role as a Journalist: Azad’s journalistic endeavors were crucial in disseminating the ideas of freedom and unity. He edited and wrote for several publications, including Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh. Through his writings, Azad addressed social issues, advocated for unity among communities, and articulated the vision of a free and secular India.

Congress Leadership: Azad’s leadership within the Congress party grew, and he became the youngest president of the party in 1923. His tenure witnessed efforts to bridge the gap between the older and younger generations of leaders. Azad’s commitment to Hindu-Muslim unity became a cornerstone of his political ideology.

Champion of Hindu-Muslim Unity: Azad worked tirelessly to foster communal harmony, promoting the idea that a united India could overcome the challenges posed by religious divisions. His efforts to bridge the gap between Hindus and Muslims earned him the title of “Maulana” and made him a symbol of unity.

Role in the Quit India Movement: During the Quit India Movement in 1942, Azad played a vital role in mobilizing public support. Despite facing imprisonment by the British colonial authorities, he continued his efforts to rally the masses against British rule.

India’s First Education Minister: Post-independence, Azad became India’s first Education Minister. His tenure focused on laying the foundation for an inclusive and quality education system. Azad believed that education was the key to national development and social justice.

Contribution to Educational Reforms: Azad’s contributions to the educational landscape were significant. He emphasized the importance of education for women and worked towards eradicating illiteracy. The establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) reflects his vision of promoting scientific education.

Legacy and Recognition: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s legacy is marked by his unwavering commitment to freedom, education, and communal harmony. In his honor, the government of India commemorates his birthday, November 11, as National Education Day.

Conclusion: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s life exemplifies the spirit of a visionary leader, scholar, and freedom fighter. His enduring legacy continues to inspire generations, emphasizing the values of unity, education, and the pursuit of a just and free society.

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About Maulana Azad in 10 Lines

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prominent freedom fighter, social reformer, and political activist. He served as the first Minister of Human Resource and Development in independent India. The literal meaning of his name is “Lord of dialogue”. He played a pivotal role in establishing the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the University Grants Commission (UGC).

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born in 1888 and played a crucial role in India’s struggle for independence.
• A scholar and journalist, he became a prominent leader advocating for a united and free India.
• Azad was a key figure in the Khilafat Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement alongside Mahatma Gandhi.
• He was a strong supporter of Hindu-Muslim unity and worked towards building communal harmony.
• His name means “Lord of dialogue,” and he adopted the pen name Azad (free) signifying his mental liberation from narrow religious views.
• A prominent leader, he served as the First Minister of Education in independent India.
• Maulana Azad played a pivotal role in establishing the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs).
• In 1956, he presided over the UNESCO General Conference held in Delhi.
• Posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1992, he remains a revered figure.
• Maulana Azad died on 22nd February 1958 in Delhi while serving in his office. His legacy continues to inspire as a symbol of intellectual freedom and commitment to education.

Short Essay on Maulana Azad in 100 Words

The essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad provides insights into the life and contributions of this prominent figure. It covers his birth on November 11, 1888. The essay outlines Azad’s diverse roles as a journalist, author, poet, and philosopher, emphasizing his newspaper ‘Al-Hilal’ and its impact on Hindu-Muslim unity. The essay concludes with his passing on February 22, 1958.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a key figure in India’s struggle for independence, was born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca. journalist, author, poet, and philosopher, he founded the newspaper ‘Al-Hilal,’ fostering Hindu-Muslim unity. Azad played a pivotal role in India’s freedom movement and became the first Education Minister post-independence. He passed away on February 22, 1958, and his contributions earned him the Bharat Ratna, and his birth anniversary, November 11, is celebrated as ‘National Education Day. ‘ Azad’s impact on India’s socio-political landscape and his commitment to education make him a revered figure in the nation’s history.

Essay on Azad’s Role in Education

The essay highlights Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s role in education was pivotal in shaping India’s educational landscape post-independence. Azad’s contribution in University Grants Commission (UGC), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs).

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad played a pivotal role in shaping the educational landscape of post-independent India. As the first Minister of Education, his contributions were instrumental in laying the foundation for a robust and inclusive educational system.

Azad firmly believed that education was the key to national development and social progress. One of his significant initiatives was the establishment of the University Grants Commission (UGC) in 1953, which aimed at maintaining the standards of higher education and providing financial assistance to universities.

He emphasized the importance of promoting scientific and technical education to equip the youth with the skills necessary for the nation’s progress. Azad’s vision encompassed not only academic excellence but also the cultivation of moral and ethical values among students.

Under his leadership, the first steps towards universal primary education were taken through the Kothari Commission. Azad’s commitment to educational equality led to the promotion of regional languages and the integration of vocational training into the curriculum.

His efforts also extended to the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), institutions that have since become prestigious centers of learning.

Maulana Azad’s approach to education was holistic, aiming not only for intellectual development but also for the holistic growth of individuals. His tireless efforts and visionary policies laid the groundwork for a diverse and comprehensive education system that continues to shape the minds of India’s youth.

In conclusion, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s role in education was transformative, driven by the belief that a well-rounded, inclusive education system was essential for the holistic development of the nation. His contributions remain an enduring legacy in the annals of Indian education.

Famous Maulana Azad Quotes

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a prominent leader during the Indian independence movement and the first Minister of Education in independent India, left behind a legacy of insightful quotes. Here are some notable quotes attributed to Maulana Azad:

• “Educationists should build the capacities of the spirit of inquiry, creativity, entrepreneurial, and moral leadership among students and become their role model.”
• “Climbing to the top demands strength, whether it is to the top of Mount Everest or to the top of your career.”
• “Be more dedicated to making solid achievements than in running after swift but synthetic happiness.”
• “A person who is restless in the attainment of his desire is like a man who is thirsty and drinks salt water.”
• “The most effective way to convert people is to let them live in our midst and see our daily life.”
• “You have to dream before your dreams can come true.”
• “It is not enough to be electors only. Women should be made electable.”
• “Our foremost duty is to regard every individual of any country as our own, and to give them the same freedom and rights as we enjoy ourselves.”
• “The British government is cruel, it is foolish, and it is unjust. It is ignorant and it is predatory.”
• “Knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.”
• ”Education imparted by heart can bring revolution in the society.” ‘
• ‘You have to dream before your dreams can come true.”
• ”Great dreams of great dreamers are always transcended.”

These quotes reflect Maulana Azad’s perspectives on education, leadership, freedom, and the importance of a harmonious society.

Write an Essay on Maulana Azad

The essay on Maulana Azad’s biography and contributions aims to provide insights into his early life, his pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence, and his post-independence contributions to education and national integration. His life remains a beacon of inspiration, reflecting the values that continue to shape the diverse tapestry of modern India.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Architect of India’s Freedom and Education

Introduction: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a towering figure in India’s struggle for independence and a visionary educationist, played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s destiny. His multifaceted contributions encompassed leadership in the freedom movement, journalistic endeavors, fostering Hindu-Muslim unity, post-independence educational reforms, and a profound impact on India’s religious and secular ethos.

Role in the Freedom Movement:

Joining the Indian National Congress: Maulana Azad’s journey in the freedom movement commenced with his early association with the Indian National Congress (INC). His eloquence and commitment to a united, free India earned him respect within the party.

Leadership in the Khilafat Movement: Azad’s leadership during the Khilafat Movement demonstrated his ability to bridge communal divides. The movement, aimed at addressing perceived injustices against Muslims, showcased Azad’s dedication to communal harmony.

Contributions to the Non-Cooperation Movement: Active participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement highlighted Azad’s commitment to non-violent resistance against British rule. His advocacy for civil disobedience became integral to the movement’s success.

Journalism and Literary Contributions:

Founding ‘Al-Hilal’ newspaper: Azad’s foray into journalism was marked by the establishment of ‘Al-Hilal.’ The newspaper became a powerful platform for Azad to voice his ideas on nationalism, social justice, and the fight against colonialism.

Literary works and reinterpreting the holy Quran: Beyond journalism, Azad’s literary contributions included a comprehensive reinterpretation of the holy Quran. His aim was to promote a modern understanding of Islamic principles, emphasizing education, science, and social justice.

Promotion of Hindu-Muslim Unity:

Efforts in fostering unity during a critical period: Recognizing the need for unity during the freedom struggle, Azad made significant efforts to foster Hindu-Muslim unity. His vision transcended religious lines, emphasizing the shared destiny of Hindus and Muslims in a free India.

‘Al-Hilal’s’ role in promoting communal harmony: The newspaper ‘Al-Hilal’ played a crucial role in promoting communal harmony. Through articles and editorials, Azad addressed misconceptions, fostering a spirit of unity during a critical period.

Post-Independence Leadership:

Becoming the first Education Minister of India: Post-independence, Azad assumed a pivotal role as the first Education Minister of India. His initiatives and reforms aimed at building a robust educational system accessible to all, irrespective of socio-economic backgrounds.

Initiatives and reforms in the education sector: Azad’s tenure witnessed the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and other educational institutions. He focused on promoting scientific education and research, envisioning a future where India would excel in various fields.

Early Association with the Indian National Congress: Maulana Azad’s political journey began with his early association with the Indian National Congress. His dedication to the cause of Indian independence and his ability to articulate the aspirations of the people quickly gained him prominence within the party.

Contributions to the Non-Cooperation Movement: During the Non-Cooperation Movement, Azad’s contributions were substantial. His advocacy for non-violent resistance and civil disobedience became key elements of the movement’s strategy. Azad’s ability to mobilize people and articulate the grievances against British rule played a crucial role in the movement’s success.

Legacy and Recognition:

Posthumous Bharat Ratna award: Azad’s contributions were posthumously recognized with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honor, in 1992. The award acknowledged his enduring impact on the nation.

National Education Day in his honor: To commemorate Azad’s commitment to education, India celebrates National Education Day on his birthday, November 11th, every year. The day serves as a reminder of the transformative role education plays in shaping a nation.

Contributions to Education:

Establishing the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs): Azad’s legacy in education extends beyond ministerial roles. His vision laid the groundwork for institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), which have become pillars of India’s academic prowess.

Promoting scientific education and research: Azad’s emphasis on scientific education and research reflected his belief in India’s potential to excel in various fields. This vision has guided the nation’s pursuit of excellence in scientific endeavors.

Religious Philosophy:

Azad’s vision of a secular India: Maulana Azad envisioned a secular India where diversity would be embraced, and religious tolerance would prevail. His vision laid the foundation for a nation that values pluralism and coexistence.

Conclusion:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s life and contributions remain an integral part of India’s historical tapestry. His leadership in the freedom movement, journalistic endeavors, promotion of communal harmony, educational reforms, and vision for a secular India collectively make him an architect of India’s freedom and education. Azad’s legacy continues to inspire generations, emphasizing the enduring values of unity, education, and tolerance in the fabric of the nation.

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Essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – Short & Long Essay Examples

Essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prominent leader in India’s struggle for independence and a staunch advocate for education and communal harmony. His contributions to the freedom movement and his role in shaping the educational landscape of India make him a revered figure in Indian history. In this essay, we will delve into the life and legacy of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, exploring his beliefs, actions, and impact on the nation.

Table of Contents

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Essay Writing Tips

1. Introduction: Begin your essay by introducing Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a prominent Indian freedom fighter, scholar, and the first Education Minister of independent India. Mention his contributions to the Indian freedom struggle and his role in shaping the education system of the country.

2. Early Life and Education: Provide a brief overview of Maulana Azad’s early life, including his birth in Mecca in 1888 and his upbringing in a scholarly and religious family. Highlight his early education in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and his deep interest in literature and philosophy.

3. Role in the Indian Freedom Struggle: Discuss Maulana Azad’s involvement in the Indian freedom struggle, including his association with the Indian National Congress and his participation in various movements and campaigns against British colonial rule. Mention his role in promoting Hindu-Muslim unity and his commitment to secularism.

4. Contribution to Education: Highlight Maulana Azad’s significant contribution to the field of education, particularly as the first Education Minister of independent India. Discuss his efforts to promote universal education, establish educational institutions, and promote scientific and technical education in the country.

5. Literary and Scholarly Works: Mention Maulana Azad’s literary and scholarly works, including his writings on religion, philosophy, and history. Discuss his role as a prolific writer and thinker, and his influence on Indian intellectual and cultural life.

6. Legacy and Impact: Reflect on Maulana Azad’s legacy and impact on Indian society and politics. Discuss his enduring influence on the education system, his advocacy for religious tolerance and communal harmony, and his commitment to social justice and equality.

7. Conclusion: Summarize the key points of your essay and reiterate Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s significance as a freedom fighter, scholar, and educationist. Emphasize the importance of remembering and honoring his contributions to the nation’s history and development.

By following these writing tips and organizing your essay in a clear and structured manner, you can effectively convey the life and legacy of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to your readers.

Essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in 10 Lines – Examples

1. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, scholar, and politician. 2. He was born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. 3. Azad was a strong advocate for Hindu-Muslim unity and played a key role in the Indian independence movement. 4. He was the youngest president of the Indian National Congress, serving from 1940 to 1946. 5. Azad was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. 6. He was a prolific writer and his works include “India Wins Freedom” and “Ghubar-e-Khatir.” 7. Azad was appointed as the first Minister of Education in independent India. 8. He played a crucial role in the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the University Grants Commission (UGC). 9. Azad was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1992. 10. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad passed away on February 22, 1958, leaving behind a legacy of secularism, education, and nationalism.

Sample Essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in 100-180 Words

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, scholar, and politician who played a crucial role in the country’s struggle for independence. Born in 1888, Azad was a staunch advocate for Hindu-Muslim unity and played a key role in the Indian National Congress.

Azad was a prolific writer and thinker, and his works on Indian history, culture, and politics are still widely read and respected. He was also a strong proponent of education and played a key role in the establishment of the Jamia Millia Islamia University in Delhi.

Azad was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and played a key role in the negotiations leading up to India’s independence in 1947. He served as the country’s first Minister of Education and was instrumental in shaping the country’s education policy.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians, and he is remembered as a visionary leader who worked tirelessly for the unity and progress of the country.

Short Essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in 200-500 Words

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, scholar, and politician who played a crucial role in the country’s struggle for independence. Born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Azad was a devout Muslim who was deeply committed to the cause of Indian nationalism.

Azad’s early life was marked by a strong emphasis on education and learning. He was homeschooled by his father, who was a scholar and a prominent Islamic theologian. Azad was a prodigious student and showed a keen interest in literature, history, and politics from a young age. He was fluent in several languages, including Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and English.

Azad’s political career began in his early twenties when he became involved in the Indian nationalist movement. He was deeply influenced by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi and became an active member of the Indian National Congress. Azad was a staunch advocate of non-violent resistance and played a key role in organizing protests and demonstrations against British colonial rule.

One of Azad’s most significant contributions to the Indian independence movement was his role in the Quit India Movement of 1942. He was arrested by the British authorities and spent several years in prison for his involvement in the movement. Despite facing numerous hardships and challenges, Azad remained steadfast in his commitment to the cause of Indian independence.

After India gained independence in 1947, Azad was appointed as the country’s first Minister of Education. He played a crucial role in the development of the Indian education system and was instrumental in the establishment of several prestigious institutions, including the Indian Institutes of Technology and the University Grants Commission.

Azad was a strong advocate of secularism and believed in the importance of promoting religious harmony and tolerance in a diverse country like India. He was a vocal critic of communalism and worked tirelessly to bridge the divide between different religious communities.

In addition to his political and social contributions, Azad was also a prolific writer and thinker. He authored several books and essays on a wide range of subjects, including history, philosophy, and religion. His writings continue to be studied and admired for their depth and insight.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad passed away on February 22, 1958, but his legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians. He is remembered as a visionary leader, a dedicated patriot, and a champion of social justice and equality. Azad’s life and work serve as a shining example of courage, integrity, and commitment to the ideals of freedom and democracy.

Essay on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in 1000-1500 Words

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, born as Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad, was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, scholar, and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. He played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement and was known for his unwavering commitment to secularism and education. Maulana Azad was a man of great intellect, vision, and integrity, and his contributions to the nation are immeasurable.

Maulana Azad was born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. His father, Khairuddin, was a Bengali Muslim scholar who had migrated to Mecca for pilgrimage and settled there. Maulana Azad received his early education at home, where he was taught Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. He was a precocious child and showed a keen interest in learning from a young age. His father recognized his son’s talent and encouraged him to pursue his education further.

In 1898, Maulana Azad’s family moved to Calcutta, where he continued his education at the Alia Madrasa. He excelled in his studies and soon became known for his knowledge and eloquence. He was deeply influenced by the teachings of his father and other prominent scholars of the time, who instilled in him a love for learning and a passion for social justice.

Maulana Azad’s political awakening came at a young age when he witnessed the injustices and inequalities faced by the Indian people under British colonial rule. He was deeply moved by the poverty and suffering of his fellow countrymen and resolved to fight for their rights and freedom. In 1912, he joined the Indian National Congress and became an active participant in the freedom struggle.

Maulana Azad was a staunch advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity and worked tirelessly to bridge the communal divide that had plagued Indian society for centuries. He believed that the unity of the Indian people was essential for the success of the independence movement and worked towards creating a harmonious relationship between the two communities. His efforts were instrumental in fostering a spirit of unity and cooperation among Indians of all faiths.

Maulana Azad was a gifted writer and orator, and his speeches and writings inspired millions of Indians to join the struggle for independence. He used his platform to raise awareness about the injustices of British rule and to mobilize support for the cause of freedom. His powerful words resonated with people across the country and galvanized them to take action against the colonial oppressors.

One of Maulana Azad’s most significant contributions to the freedom struggle was his role in the Quit India Movement of 1942. He played a key role in organizing the movement and was arrested along with other Congress leaders for his participation. Despite facing imprisonment and persecution, he remained steadfast in his commitment to the cause of independence and continued to inspire others with his courage and determination.

After India gained independence in 1947, Maulana Azad was appointed as the country’s first Minister of Education. He played a crucial role in shaping the education policy of the newly independent nation and worked tirelessly to promote literacy and learning among the Indian people. He believed that education was the key to social progress and economic development and worked towards creating a modern and inclusive education system that would benefit all sections of society.

Maulana Azad was a firm believer in secularism and religious tolerance and worked towards building a pluralistic society where people of all faiths could live together in harmony. He was a vocal critic of communalism and extremism and spoke out against the divisive forces that sought to undermine the unity of the Indian people. His vision of a united and inclusive India continues to inspire generations of Indians to this day.

Maulana Azad’s legacy as a freedom fighter, scholar, and statesman is a testament to his unwavering commitment to the ideals of justice, equality, and freedom. His life and work continue to inspire people around the world to strive for a better and more just society. Maulana Azad passed away on February 22, 1958, but his memory lives on in the hearts of all those who cherish the values of freedom, democracy, and secularism.

In conclusion, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a towering figure in the Indian independence movement and a champion of secularism and education. His contributions to the nation are invaluable, and his legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians to work towards a more just and inclusive society. Maulana Azad’s life and work are a shining example of courage, integrity, and dedication, and he will always be remembered as one of the greatest leaders of the Indian freedom struggle.

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Essay on Abul Kalam Azad

A man of scholarship, charisma, and humility, Abul Kalam Azad was one of the finest political leaders that India�s freedom struggle was blessed with.

Apart from being the head of India National Congress at the time when most of its top brass was languishing in jail (during the Quit India Movement), he was also influential in guiding the nation�s early step as a democracy.

He was an erudite scholar and laid the foundations of the Indian education system. He was one of the premier leaders who realized the potential of the press in terms of mobilizing public opinion and feverishly worked for the same through his weekly journal in Urdu called Al-Hilal.

He was versed in several languages like Urdu, Persian, and Arabic and supported the use of English for imparting higher education (primary education in mother tongue).

He believed in universal access to primary education which is free, robust and welcoming to all irrespective of gender, social status, wealth, faith, etc.

Azad was also a huge votary of vocational training and technical education which not only imparts theoretical knowledge but also instills life skills and technical abilities to earn livelihoods and become employable.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad became the first education minister of independent India. To commemorate his legacy, his birthday i.e. 11 November is celebrated as the National Education Day Azad himself.

Moreover, it was due to his efforts that various incubation centers of arts and literature like Lalit Kala Academy, ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations), Sahitya Academy, etc were established.

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Abul Kalam Azad (born November 11, 1888, Mecca [now in Saudi Arabia]—died February 22, 1958, New Delhi , India) was an Islamic theologian who was one of the leaders of the Indian independence movement against British rule in the first half of the 20th century. He was highly respected throughout his life as a man of high moral integrity .

Azad was the son of an Indian Muslim scholar living in Mecca and his Arabic wife. The family moved back to India (Calcutta [now Kolkata ]) when he was young, and he received a traditional Islamic education at home from his father and other Islamic scholars rather than at a (Islamic school). However, he was also influenced by the emphasis that Indian educator Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan placed on getting a well-rounded education, and he learned English without his father’s knowledge.

Azad became active in journalism when he was in his late teens, and in 1912 he began publishing a weekly Urdu-language newspaper in Calcutta, Al-Hilal (“The Crescent”). The paper quickly became highly influential in the Muslim community for its anti-British stance, notably for its criticism of Indian Muslims who were loyal to the British. Al-Hilal was soon banned by British authorities, as was a second weekly newspaper that he had started. By 1916 he had been banished to Ranchi (in present-day Jharkhand state), where he remained until the beginning of 1920. Back in Calcutta, he joined the Indian National Congress (Congress Party) and galvanized India’s Muslim community through an appeal to pan-Islamic ideals. He was particularly active in the short-lived Khilafat movement (1920–24), which defended the Ottoman sultan as the caliph (the head of the worldwide Muslim community) and even briefly enlisted the support of Mahatma Gandhi .

Azad and Gandhi became close, and Azad was involved in Gandhi’s various civil disobedience ( satyagraha ) campaigns, including the Salt March (1930). He was imprisoned several times between 1920 and 1945, including for his participation in the anti-British Quit India Movement during World War II . Azad was president of the Congress Party in 1923 and again in 1940–46—though the party was largely inactive during much of his second term, since nearly all of its leadership was in prison.

After the war Azad was one of the Indian leaders who negotiated for Indian independence with the British. He tirelessly advocated for a single India that would embrace both Hindus and Muslims while strongly opposing the partition of British India into independent India and Pakistan . He later blamed both Congress Party leaders and Mohammed Ali Jinnah , the founder of Pakistan, for the ultimate division of the subcontinent. After the two separate countries were established, he served as minister of education in the Indian government of Jawaharlal Nehru from 1947 until his death. His autobiography, India Wins Freedom , was published posthumously in 1959. In 1992, decades after his death, Azad was awarded the Bharat Ratna , India’s highest civilian award.

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Biography

Last updated on February 14, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was an educationist, freedom fighter, politician, and journalist.

In his more than four-decade-long public life, he left behind a lasting legacy in the field of India’s education.

Intellectual par excellence, his life is a tribute to the importance of education.

Table of Contents

The early life of Abul Kalam Azad

He was originally named Muhiyudin Ahmad and was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 1888, his family relocated to Calcutta (now Kolkata) two years after his birth.

His father was a renowned scholar and his mother came from a family of reputed scholars from Medina.

Education was at the heart of Abul Kalam’s growing up. At home, he studied a variety of languages such as Persian, Urdu, and Arabic, and subjects such as history, philosophy, and geometry.

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He was a prolific reader and had mastered is Islamic theology, mathematics, philosophy, and science through books and tutors, as he was homeschooled.  He was running a library, a reading room, and a debating society before he was twelve.

Abul Kalam Azad, the Journalist:

Abul Kalam began writing at an early age and started publishing poetry and articles by age of eleven. He wrote under the pen name ‘Azad’, which later became his identity.

In 1912, Azad started publishing a weekly called ‘ Al-Hilal’ which he used to question British policies. The publication gained such immense popularity among the public that the British had to finally ban it in 1914 under the Press Act .

Azad soon started another weekly, ‘ Al-Balagh’ which ran until he was booked under Defence of India Regulations in 1916. The governments of Bombay, Punjab, Delhi, and the United Provinces had banned his entry and he was deported to Bihar until 1920. Despite censoring, he found ways to rebel against British activities through the power of his pen.

He was a proponent of Hindu-Muslim unity and kept views that were radical and liberal for the Muslims of that time. He propagated his views through his writings and advocated for Indian nationalism and revolutionary ideas based on Hindu-Muslim unity.

Abul Kalam Azad during the Independence movement

1905:  Azad opposed the Bengal partition of 1905 and became increasingly active in revolutionary activities and was associated with revolutionaries like Aurobindo Ghosh and Shyam Sundar Chakravarty.

1908: Azad’s trip to Egypt, Syria, turkey, and France brought him in contact with many revolutionaries related to the Young Turk movement and the Iranian revolution . This developed and shaped his political views towards nationalism.

1909: He objected to separate electorates for Muslims under the Morley-Minto reforms and wrote extensively against is it in his weekly Al-Hilal.

1916: He was banned and deported to Bihar for his revolutionary writing until 1920. He was released after World War I.

1920: After his release, Azad, already inspired by Mahatma Gandhi ’s philosophy of non-cooperation to fight the British, started leading the  Khilafat Movement , launched by Indian Muslims to demand that the British preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I.

He supported the Non-cooperation Movement (1920-22) and entered the Indian National Congress during this time. He was elected the president of the All India Khilafat Committee.

1923: At 35, he became the youngest person to become the president of the Indian National Congress.

Azad grew close to Gandhi through their deep passion for religion and simple living. He began to spin his clothes using khadi on the charkha and began frequently living and participating in the ashrams organized by Gandhi.  Though deeply committed to non-violence himself, Azad also grew close to fellow nationalists like Jawaharlal Nehru, Chittaranjan Das, and Subhas Chandra Bose .

1924: Azad served as president of the 1924 Unity Conference in Delhi, using his position to work to reunite the Swarajists and the Khilafat leaders under the common banner of the Congress.

Azad served on the Congress Working Committee and in the offices of the general secretary and president many times.

1928: Azad endorsed the Nehru Report, which was criticized by the Ali brothers and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Azad endorsed the ending of separate electorates and called for an independent India to be committed to secularism.

At the Congress session in Guwahati, Azad endorsed Gandhi’s call for dominion status for India within a year.

1930: He participated in Salt Satyagraha and was arrested and jailed for a year and a half. He was released after the Gandhi-Irwin pact of 1931.

1936: At the congress session in Lucknow, Azad backed the election of Nehru as Congress president and supported the resolution endorsing socialism.

1938: Azad served as an intermediary between the supporters of and the Congress faction led by Congress president Subhas Bose, who criticized Gandhi for not launching another rebellion against the British.

1940: He again became the president of Congress and remained in the post till 1946.

1942: He along with the rest of the leadership was arrested and put in jail for four years for participating in the Quit India movement.

1944: Azad was against Gandhi Ji holding talks with Jinnah in Mumbai before independence.

Azad was strongly against the Partition of India. He was deeply affected by the violence witnessed during the Partition. Azad travelled through the violence-affected regions of Bengal, Assam, and Punjab and contributed to establishing the refugee camps and ensuring the supply of food and other basic resources.

Abul Kalam Azad, the Educationalist

‘Maulana’, as Azad was fondly referred to, headed constituent assembly debates which went on to shape many of the policies, especially those related to education. He believed that India as a nation should aspire for high educational standards and never compromise on that count.

He was an intellectual at par and his dedication to the field of education is unparalleled as he envisages a liberal and humanitarian education system. His idea was a fusion of eastern and western concepts to bring about wholesome and integrated personality to the education system.

In 1920, Azad along with fellow Khilafat leaders M. A. Ansari and Ajmal Khan founded the Jamila Milia Islamia in Aligarh as higher education institute managed entirely by Indians without any British support.

Life of Abul Kalam after independence

Azad remained a close confidante, supporter, and advisor to prime minister Nehru, and played an important role in framing national policies. Azad masterminded the creation of national programs of school and college construction and spreading the enrolment of children and young adults into schools, to promote universal primary education.

He was elected to the Lok sabha in 1952 and 1957.

Azad supported Nehru’s socialist economic and industrial policies, as well as the advancing social rights and economic opportunities for women and underprivileged Indians.

In 1956, he served as president of the UNESCO General Conference held in Delhi.

Maulana Azad was strongly against leaving education to the states. He argued that education was a matter of grave importance and the central government should be given this authority to ensure a uniform national standard of education across the country.

Though he was supported by Jawaharlal Nehru and other key members of the constituent assembly, a few felt this was a bad idea given the diversity of our country. They were of the view that a decentralized approach would enable states to make laws about education in their respective states. Ultimately, the issue was resolved by retaining education in the state list but also including entries related to higher education under the union list.

Education always remained an important issue for Azad. On 16 January 1948, Azad had said in a meeting, “ We must not for a moment forget, it is a birthright of every individual to receive at least the basic education without which he cannot fully discharge his duties as a citizen.”

He also established ‘the board for adult education to facilitate education among the uneducated adults.

He founded the Indian Council of Cultural Relations in 1950 to encourage cultural exchange with other nations.

He also played an important role in establishing the Sahitya Academy, Sangeet Natak Academy, and Lalit Kala Academy for the development of literature, music, dance, and painting respectively.

Azad, the first education minister of independent India

As the first education minister of the country from 1947 to 1958, Abul Kalam Azad advocated for free and compulsory primary education for all children up to the age of 14 as he believed it was the right of all citizens.

Later, he went on to establish the Jamia Millia Islamia in Delhi in 1935 from Aligarh and contributed to the setting up of the IITs, IISc, and School of Planning and Architecture.

He was also one of the brains behind the University Grants Commission, India’s higher education regulator, and played a key role in the establishment of other educational institutions.

Literary works by Azad

He wrote many books like India wins Freedom, Gubhar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.

Death of Abul Kalam Azad

The scholar-politician passed away on 22 February 1958.

Legacy of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a strong believer in the co-existence of all religious communities.

His contributions to the field of education in India are incomparable, hence his birthday, 11 November, is celebrated as National Education Day.

In 1992, he was posthumously conferred the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award.

The Ministry of Minority Affairs of the Central Government of India set up the Maulana Azad Education Foundation in 1989 on the occasion of his birth centenary to promote education amongst educationally backward sections of the Society.

The Ministry also provides the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad National Fellowship, an integrated five-year fellowship in the form of financial assistance to students from minority communities to pursue higher studies such as M. Phil and PhD.

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - UPSC Notes

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, popularly known as Maulana Azad was the first Education minister of Independent India. A senior leader of the Indian National Congress and an important figure of the Nationalist movement, he was also a renowned scholar and debater, well versed in English, Hindi, Arabic, Persian, etc. He was at the forefront of the Khilafat movement, and  adopted the pen name ‘Azad’, meaning ‘freedom’, to keep himself away from narrow religious views.

He was instrumental in shaping the substratum of the educational sector in India. He championed the free educational rights of children up to the age of 14. He also pioneered  setting up of the University Grants Commission, the higher education board in India. His notable contributions are commemorated by celebrating November 11, his birth anniversary, as National Education Day.

This is an important topic for aspirants preparing for UPSC IAS Exam to learn about the Indian Independence movement.

Abul Kalam Azad – Download PDF Here

Early Life of Maulana Azad

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born on November 11,1888 in Mecca. He belonged to the lineage of learned Muslim scholars. His initial name was Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini, which was later changed to Maulana Azad.

His father, Maulana Khairuddin was a Muslim scholar of Aghan origin, and his mother was an Arab. His family left for Mecca during the time of the Revolt of 1857 and returned in 1880. They settled in Calcutta in 1880.

Maulana Azad had to pursue orthodox Islamic education since childhood due to his conservative background. He learned Arabic and Persian as the primary languages along with Bengali, Hindustani, Persian, and English. He was also taught philosophy, geometry, mathematics, and algebra. He was trained in Mahazibs and home-schooled as well.

An avid learner and resolute student, he completed the traditional course of study much earlier than his contemporaries. He compiled multiple treatises and reinterpreted Quran, Hadiths, and other Islamic principles.

Thoughts and Influences

He renounced Taqliq or the Tradition of Conformity and accepted the principle of Tajdid or Innovation. He was also impressed by the Pan-Islamic doctrines of Jamaluddin Afghani and the Aligarh thought of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

He visited countries, including Iraq, Afghanistan, Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and viewed the revolutionary activities that were taking place for different causes. The spirit and ideals of these movements he had witnessed transfigured him into a national revolutionary.

After coming back to India, he met two prominent revolutionaries of Bengal, Aurobindo Ghosh, and Sri Shyam Sundar Chakravarty, and sided with them in the revolutionary movement against British rule in India. He vehemently opposed the Partition of Bengal in 1905 .

Once he realized that the revolutionary activities were restricted to Bengal and Bihar, he took the initiative to spread it across the country. Within two years he expanded the centres for revolutionary activities over North India and Bombay.

One of the biggest impediments was that most of the revolutionaries believed that the British were using the Muslim community against the aspirations of the Indian Independence movement. Maulana Azad tried to convince his co-workers to remove their hostility against Muslims.

Journalistic Career

Maulana Azad began his journalistic writings at a very young age. He started publishing his poetic journal Nairang-e-Aalam at the age of 11. He was also the editor of a weekly Al-Misbah in 1900. He also wrote a number of articles for Urdu journals and magazines.

After publishing a monthly journal named Lissan-us-Sidq in 1903, he joined the Islamic theological journal Al Nadwa. He was also associated with a newspaper named Vakil, from Amritsar as the Editor.

In 1912, he started the newspaper Al-Hilal with the twin objectives of recruiting Muslims for revolutionary activities and fostering communal harmony between Hindus and Muslims, which was impaired after the Minto-Morley reforms of 1909 . The Government accused Al-Hilal for propagating secessionist views and banned the publication of the same according to the Press Act.

Maulana Azad started another newspaper named Al-Balagh with the same intentions for propagating revolutionary ideas, fostering Hindu-Muslim unity, and propagating Indian Nationalism. The government again banned Al Balagh and expelled him from Calcutta. He was arrested according to the Defence of India Regulations Act and sent to a jail in Ranchi. He was later released in 1920 after the First World War .

Maulana Azad was a savage critic of the policies of the British government as well as Muslim politicians. He was vocal about the racial discrimination and indifference of the British to the public needs of Indian population and criticized the Muslim leaders for placing their religious motives above the common interest of the nation. For him,communal seperatism advocated by All India Muslim was beyond acceptance.

Role in Khilafat Movement and Non Cooperation Movement

After being released from Ranchi, he became a part of the Khilafat Movement, aimed to reinstate Khalifa as the head of British captured Turkey. The position of Sultan was challenged post he sided against the British in first World War. Orthdox Muslims were irritated by this move against Khalifa and Maulana Azad saw this opportunity as the right one to achieve social and political reformation through the struggle.

He was also one among the founding members of an association of Muslim religious leaders, Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala in Bengal Presidency. His initiatives through the organisation improved the Hindu-Muslim relations in Bengal, blemished by the Partition of Benga in 1905 and demand for seperate Communal electorate.

Mahatma Gandhi also extended his support to Khilafat movement to bridge the Hindu-Muslim divide created by the heinous acts of the British in India.

Maulana Azad entered into the Indian National Congress in 1920 following his participation in the Non Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi. Maulana Azad, along with the Ali brothers sided with Gandhiji for the public ban of British goods, schools, colleges,etc.

Azad was arrested in 1930 for taking part in Salt Satyagraha and breaking of the Salt Laws. He was incarcerated in Meerut jail of one and a half years following the arrest.

During this period, he became a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and his ideals of non-violence.He was drawn to Prophet Muhammad’s ideas of simple living, without material possessions.However, he strongly criticized the prevailing anti-congress sentiments among the Muslim intellectuals from Muslim League. Azad was close to fellow nationalists like Jawaharlal Nehru,Subhash Chandra Bose,and Chittaranajan Das.

In 1923, he was elected the President of a special session of Congress in Delhi. He thus became the youngest person to be elected the President of Congress. Maulan Azad was also elected the President of the All India Khilafat Committee. He organised the Flag Satyagraha in Nagpur and also served as the President of Unity Conference in Delhi.

During 1922, there were splits between the Indian National Congress and Khilafat leaders including the Ali brothers.They were highly critical of Gandhi and Congress. Azad’s close acquaintance,Chittaranjan Das split from Congress and formed Swaraj Party. However, Azad tried to reinvigorate Swarajists and Khilafat leaders under the umbrella of Congress. He also strived to promote Mahatma Gandhi’s vision, promote education and social reforms.

Role in Quit-India Movement

Maulana Azad played the role of an intermediary between the Congress faction led by Subhash Chandra Bose, who accused Gandhi of weak leadership. He also received criticism from political and religious leaders of Muslim community for overtly supporting Mahatma Gandhi and Congress. In Lahore session of the Congress in 1940, the Muslim League demanded seperate Muslim state.

Maulana Azad was again elected the President of Congress in the Ramgarh session in 1940. Azad forthrightly opposed the divisive Two-Nation theory, propounded by Jinnah and Muslim League. He stimulated Muslim population to stay united with the Hindu counterparts as a single, unified nation.

Maulana Azad, after negotiations with Congress leaders and Mahatma Gandhi joined the Quit India Movement . As the Congress President his involvement and activities were praiseworthy.He was at the forefront of organising rallies, delivering speeches,and planning the rebellion.

Contributions after Independence

Maulana Azad organised relief works, ensured security and safety of Muslims in India, post the Partition.He organised refugee camps,distributed essentials, and delivered speeches to ensure peace in border areas. He also asked the Muslims in India not to panic as their safety is guaranteed within the borders of India.

Maulana Azad was aching to ensure the rehabilitation of Muslims in India as well as ensure the religious freedom and equality of all Indians. He had clashes with Sardar Vallabhai Patel over the reservation of houses of Muslims departed to Pakistan for Muslims in India.There were also disagreements on the security issues in Punjab and Delhi.

Being a close confidante of Jawaharlal Nehru, he played a crucial role in framing national policies. He undertook national level programmes for school and college construction, and facilitate universal primary education in India. He supported the socialist policies of Nehru in economic and sectors,and bolstered the social and economic development of women and underprivileged sections of society.He was elected to Lok Sabha in 1952, and also served as the President of UNESCO General Conference in New Delhi.

Minister of Education

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as the first education minister of the country from 1948 to 1958. With a strong  conviction and sturdy framework, he implemented a number of reforms in the education system of India.

He emphasized on the importance of education for the impoverished sections of society, particularly rural population and girls.He initiated multiple reforms as the Chairman of the Central Advisory Board of Education. The prime areas of thrust were adult literacy, universal primary education, education of girls, free and compulsory education upto 14, and providing secondary education and vocational training.

Under his leadership, the Ministry of Education established the first Indian Institute of Technology in 1951 and the University Grants Commission in 1953. He also laid emphasis on the development of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and the Faculty of Technology of the Delhi University. He foresaw a great future in the IITs for India.

Later Years and Legacy

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad passed away on February 22, 1958. For his contributions in the field of education in India, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1992. Numerous institutions across India have also been named in his honour.

Some of them are the Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi, the Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology in Bhopal, the Maulana Azad National Urdu University in Hyderabad, Maulana Azad Centre for Elementary and Social Education (MACESE Delhi University) are some of the examples.

His birthday – November 11 – is celebrated as National Education Day.

Frequently Asked Questions on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

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• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Biography

Introduction

Move back to the time when India was under British rule, around the period of 1855 that is after the formation of the Indian National Congress. This period has seen the efforts, dedication, and intellectual minds of various moderate leaders like CR Das, Motilal Nehru, Dada Bhai Naroji, and one important name among these names is the ‘Maulana Abdul kalam Azad’. 

We Bring You the Autobiographies of the Prominent Leaders To Make You - 

Understand the leadership quality they had and learn from these qualities

To imbibe in oneself the same commitment and devotion towards the motherland

To make you admire the fearless attitude that surpasses all storms and surges

To make you learn from their mistake 

To make you carry their vision and help build the nation great again. 

In This Particular Article, Students Will Learn the Following - 

Introduction 

Who was Maulana Abdul kalam Azad?

Early History of Maulana’s Life

Maulana and the Congress

Maulana as the Freedom Fighter

Short essay 

Task to do 

Frequently asked questions

Who is Abdul Kalam Azad?

Abdul kalam Azad, also known as Maulana Abdul kalam Azad or Maulana Azad was an Indian scholar, Islamic theologian, Senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence movement, and an independent activist. He was born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca and his full name is Abdul kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad. He is commonly known as Maulana Azad where the word Maulana is an honour which means ‘Our Master’ and he adapted Azad as his pen name.

Maulana Abdul Azad was highly respected throughout his Life as he was a man of high integrity. Azad in his teenage year’s composed many poetries in Urdu and also had written much work on religion and philosophy. While he was working as a journalist, he published many articles which criticized British rule which eventually led him to get involved in the Indian independence movement. Maulana Azad also became the leader of the Khilafat movement during which he met the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Maulana Azad was moved by Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas of a non-violence approach to fighting against British rule. He became an enthusiastic supporter of Mahatma Gandhi and also worked to organize the non-co-operation movement in protest of the 1919 Rowlatt Acts. At the age of 35, Maulana Azad became the youngest person to serve as the president of the National Congress.

Without taking the help of the British government. Maulana Azad in October 1920 was elected as a member of the foundation committee to establish the Jamia Millia Islamia at Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh.In 1931, Maulana Azad was the main organizer of the Dharasana Satyagraha.He also was the most important national leader of the independence movement and also helped in establishing the ideas of secularism and socialism in India. He also helped in launching the Quit India rebellion movement and because of that, he was also imprisoned by other Congress members. Maulana Azad also worked on the unity of the Hindu-Muslim community through his Al-Hilal newspaper. He believed that we as Indians if united will help to make India independent from British rule. Let us learn more about who Abdul Kalam Azad is.

Maulana Abdul kalam Azad Information

Abdul kalam Full Name: Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini

Abdul kalam Azad Birth Date: 11 November 1888

When did Abdul kalam Die: 22 February 1958

Age (At the Time of Death): 69 

Early Life History of Maulana Abdul kalam Azad

Maulana Azad's real name was Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini but eventually came to be known as Maulana Abdul kalam Azad. He was born on 11 November 1888 in Makkah. Muhammad Khairuddin was his father and was a Bengali Muslim scholar of Afghan ancestry who wrote twelve books and had thousands of disciplined and claimed noble ancestry while his mother name was Sheikha Alia bint Mohammad, the daughter of Sheikh Mohammad bin Zaher Alwatri who was also a reputed scholar from Medina.

Azad was from an orthodox family background as a result that he pursued traditional Islamic education from the beginning. Maulana Azad settled with his family in Calcutta in 1890 where he was homeschooled and self-taught. He was taught by his father at home and then later as years passed he was taught by teachers from various fields. Maulana Azad was educated and trained to become a clergyman and he wrote many works which also included reinterpreting The Holy Quran. He learned Arabic and Persian languages first during his teens and then learned various subjects such as geometry, mathematics, philosophy, and algebra. He also had a keen interest in world history, English, and politics. Azad was very interested in learning new knowledge and that resulted in him opening a new library, a debating society, and a reading room before he even reached the age of twelve. Azad also wrote a biography on the Life of Al-Ghazali at the age of twelve and was also writing articles for a literary magazine known as Makhzan when he was only fourteen years old. When he was fifteen he started teaching students who were twice his age and also completed the traditional course of study at the age of sixteen. By the year 1990, he was the editor of the weekly magazine called Al-Misbah and by 1903 he brought out the monthly journal named as Lissan-us-Sidq. Maulana Azad also got married to a young Muslim girl, Zulaikha Begum when he 13c years old.

Azad also developed an interest in the pan-Islamic doctrines of Jamaluddin Afghani and also the Aligarh thoughts of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Influenced by the Pan -Islamic spirit he visited countries such as Iraq, Egypt, Syria, and Afghanistan to study the doctrines further. In Egypt, he met many Arab revolutionary activists who inspired him to be a national revolutionary. 

Maulana Azad as the Congress Leader 

Maulana Azad was an inspiring personality in the field of politics. He served in the Congress working committee and also in the offices of the general secretary and the president. In the year 1928 Maulana Azad developed a close friendship with Jawaharlal Nehru and began to support the idea of socialism as he believed that it would help in fighting inequality, poverty, and other national challenges. Maulana Azad was also involved in naming the Muslim political party Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam. Azad accepted the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi and believed that nonviolence is the only way that India could be independent of British raj and in 1930  when Mahatma Gandhi embarked on the Dandi Salt March that inaugurated the Salt Satyagraha, Maulana Azad was the one who organized and led the national raid in a nonviolent way on the Dharasana salt works to protest against the increasing salt tax and restriction of its sales and production. Because of the Dandi March, the British government had imprisoned many people who participated in it and among all of them, Azad was also imprisoned in jail between the years 1930 to 1934. In the year 1931 Maulana Azad and many other independent activists were released from jail because of the Gandhi-Irwin pact in which Mahatma Gandhi pledged to give up the Salt Satyagraha movement in return for all his comrades to be released from the jail. 

Maulana Azad was appointed to organize the Congress election campaign in 1935 when the elections were called under the Government of India Act. Azad also worked on raising funds, selecting trustworthy candidates and also organized volunteers to spread the word of elections, and held many rallies across India which aimed at helping the common people of India understand the importance of the election. In 1936, Maulana Azad backed the idea of Jawaharlal Nehru to be the Congress president and also supported the resolution supporting socialism. Azad again supported the reelection of Nehru in the 1937 election and had organized many campaigns for the same cause. Maulana Azad was in conversation with Jinnah and the Muslim league between the years 1935 and 1937 over the Congress-league coalition and broader political co-operation. 

Maulana Azad as the Freedom Fighter

After returning from Egypt, Maulana Azad met two revolutionaries, Aurobindo Ghosh and Sri Shyam Sundar Chakravarty from Bengal. He was inspired to make India Independent of British rule. He joined the revolutionary movement against British rule. The revolutionary activities were restricted to Bihar and Bengal which was not helpful to fight the British as many people did not know about the cause. Maulana Azad within two years was able to set up secret revolutionary centres all over North India and Bombay this helped many people joining the revolutionary movement to fight the British. During this time there was a rumour that the British government was using the Muslim community against India’s Freedom struggle, this caused many of the people who the revolutionary movement to be anti-muslim. Maulana Azad was able to convince his colleagues to shed their hostility towards the Muslims. 

In the year 1912, Maulana Abdul kalam Azad started a weekly journal in Urdu called Al-Hilal. The main purpose of this journal was to increase awareness of Independent India and to include more revolutionary recruits from the Muslim community. Due to the Morley-Minto reforms, a bad blood relation was developed between the Hindu-Muslim community but Al-Hilal played an important role in ending the disputes between the Hindu and Muslim communities as it became a revolutionary mouthpiece that helped spread the extremist ideas but later it was banned by the British government in the year 1914. This did not stop Maulana Azad from promoting Indian nationalism as a result of that he started another weekly magazine called as Al-Balagh with the same mission of promoting revolutionary ideas based on Hindu-Muslim unity and also urged people to fight for independent India. In 1916, the British government again banned Al-Balagh and even imprisoned Maulana Azad for four years at Ranchi.

Maulana Azad was released in 1929 from prison and soon after the release, he convinced the Muslim community to fight against the British through the Khilafat Movement. In 1920, Maulana Azad joined the Indian national Congress and in the same year joined the Non-Cooperation Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi. In 1923, Azad was elected as the president of the session of the Congress in Delhi. Azad was arrested and put in the Meerut jail for a year and a half for the violation of the salt laws as part of Mahatma Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha Movement but after a year he was released. Maulana Azad became the president of the Congress in the year 1940 and remained in the post till 1946. he always was convinced of the idea that India should be a secular democratic country and always worked for the unity of the Hindu-Muslim community. he was against the idea of partition and opposed it but in the end, partition hurt him greatly as it shattered his dream of a unified nation where Muslims and Hindus can coexist and prosper together. 

Short Essay on Abdul Kalam Azad

Abdul kalam Azad’s original name was Abdul kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddi and he was also called Maulana Abdul kalam of Maulana Azad. He was born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca.

Azad was the son of Muhammad Khairuddin, an Indian Muslim scholar living in Mecca and his mother was Sheikha Alia bint Mohammad. When he was young his family moved back to India and he received a traditional Islamic education at home from his father and other Islamic scholars. Azad was influenced by the teaching of an Indian educator Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and learned English as well. 

Maulana Azad at the age of twelve got very much active in journalism. In 1912 he started writing daily journals and also published a weekly Urdu-language journal by the name Al-Hilal in Calcutta. The journal mainly focused on the idea of how the Muslim community can help in fighting against British rule in India. Al-Hilal also criticized the Muslim rulers who were supporting the British government. The journal became very famous among the Muslim community because of its Anti-British idea and because of that, it was banned by the British government. In 1920 he joined the Indian National Congress and helped spread the idea of Independent India among the Indian Muslim community. Between the years 1920 to 1924, he also participated in the Khilafat movement which defended the Ottoman Sultan as the head of the Muslim community. 

Maulana Azad became very close to Mahatma Gandhi and was involved in various civil disobedience campaigns which were organized by Gandhi such as the Salt Satyagraha movement. Because he participated in the salt satyagraha movement, he was imprisoned in the year 1920, and later on, he was again prisoned because he participated in the Quit India movement. Maulana Azad also became the president of the Indian Congress Party in the year 1923. 

Maulana Azad was one of the leaders who negotiated with the British for Indian independence. He believed in the idea of secular India and worked tirelessly for an India that would embrace the idea of Hindu-Muslim unity. Azad strongly opposed the partition of India and tried to not let the British divide India. He later blamed Mohammed Ali Jinnah and Congress party leaders for the division of the subcontinent. After India got Independence, he served as the minister of education in India from 1947 until 1958. Azad died of a stroke in 1958 and decades after his death Azad was awarded the Bharat Ratna which is India’s highest civilian award.

Since we have learned who Maulana Abdul kalam Azad is, let us look at some frequently asked questions.

The Task to do - 

After reading the autobiography, students are required to do a SWOT analysis of the Life of Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad. That is students are required to identify the strengths of Maulana Azad and weaknesses if any you felt Maulana had. Identify the opportunities he had and the threats he faced during all these periods. 

This exercise will make you think analytically of the Life of Maula and help you extract the learning you want to take away with you. 

Conclusion 

Maulana Abdul Kalam Azaad was a renowned poet and scholar. He was very fluent in many languages and was a very good leader as he convinced many people to join the Indian Freedom fight. Azad worked for Indian nationalism and worked for the Hindu-Muslim unity in India. He is not only remembered for his role as the Freedom Fighter for Indian Independence but also as the first education minister of independent India from 1947 to 1948. On February 22, 1958, he passed away due to a stroke. For his invaluable contribution to the nation, Maulana Azad was awarded Bharat Ratna which is India’s highest civilian honour in the year 1992. 

FAQs on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Biography

1. Which post did Maula Abdul Kalam hold after India got Independence?

During the interim government itself Maulana Abdul kalam took charge as Education minister and he remained the education minister until he died in 1958. And thus every year since 2008, on November 11th which is the birth anniversary of Maula Abdul Kalam, we celebrate the Nation Education Day. 

2. What are some of the interesting facts about Maula Abdul kalam Azad?

Some of the important facts about Azad are - 

He was born in Saudi Arabia and came back to India when he was two years old

He never went to a school and did homeschooling 

He knew many languages like Hindi, English, Arabic, Persia, Hindustani, etc

In 1912 he started a weekly journal Al-Hilal, forging Hindu-Muslim unity and also increasing the revolutionary recruits amongst the Muslims

He supported the Non-cooperation movement and joined INC in 1920

In 1940 he became the president of INC and remained as the president till 1946

He founded Jamia Millia Islamia University, in 1920

He shaped the modern education system like IITs, IISc

If you have more interesting facts about Maulana Azad please write in the comment box. 

3. What was Maulana Azad’s view on the formation of a separate state of Pakistan?

Maulana was a visionary and opposed the formation of a separate state of Pakistan. As he feared that without a proper constitutional measure the rights of the Muslim minorities would be exploited. And the partition would have left the Muslims in minority in many areas under the tyranny of the majority. Thus, Maulana and Jinnah had contradictory views on the issue of partition. 

4. What is the Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad Trophy?

It is a trophy started in the year 1956-57 which is awarded to the overall Top Performing University in Sports of the preceding year. The aim behind giving the trophy is for promoting competitive sports in the university sector and to develop interest among students and motivate them to take up competitive sports.

5. What is the name of the autobiography of Maulana Abdul kalam Azad? 

Maulana Abdul kalam Azad was a great writer who wrote the journals Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh. An autobiography was also written with the title ‘India Wins Freedom’. 

6.  What is Celebrated on Maulana Abul Kalam’s Birthday?

Maulana Abul Kalam was the first education minister of independent India. To celebrate his life and his achievement towards the education system in India every year Azad birthday, November 11 is celebrated as the 'National Education Day'.

7. What are the Contributions of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad? 

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first education minister of Independent India. He also contributed to establishing many educational institutions such as Jamia Millia Islamia and the IIT Kharagpur. He was also a strong believer that the women of the country should be educated and also advised that free education should be provided to children up to the age of 14.

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Introduction

• Published: April 2014
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Amir of the Karvan

The image of maulana abul kalam azad is an integral part of my childhood memories. Azad was Minister of Education from 1947 to 1958. My father, Khwaja Ghulamus Saiyidain, served him for a few years as Secretary, Ministry of Education. Some other members of my family were also close to Maulana Azad. They all used to go to see him in small groups for what seemed to me to be serious consultations. I recall my elders holding Azad in great respect and awe, always reading and quoting his commentary on the Koran and discussing his views on all issues of national importance.

My father’s family hailed from Panipat, a town known all over India not only for the battles fought in its fields, for its schools of quir’at (the art form of the recitation of the Koran), but also for the independent views of its scholars of Islam. Therefore it was no wonder that Azad’s Tarjumam-ul-Quran (translation and commentary on the Koran) was always referred to in the discussions that raged in our household. To a child who was brought up to listen quietly to her elders, their discussions in those highly traumatic post-partition days, with occasional references to Azad, seemed most mysterious and incomprehensible. Once on Eid-ul-Fitr I was asked to accompany my father to see the great man at 6, King Edward Road (since then renamed Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Road). The occasion is vivid in my memory. He seemed happy to see us and I was struck by the elegant picture he presented. Immaculately dressed in a cream coloured achkan and an Aligarh pyjama , he was gracefully reclining on the sofa of the drawing room, smoking a cigarette with a slim silver holder. That image of him, I have carried in my mind throughout my years of research and writing on his life and works.

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10 Lines on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was an eminent freedom fighter and a founder of new India after independence. He was a journalist by nature who made his writing an ultimate weapon against the British rule in India. In his articles published in magazines and newspapers, he always criticized the British rule and its activities. Maulana Azad also participated in different movements that were launched by Gandhiji like non-co-operation movement etc.

Maulana Azad served as the first education minister of India (now HRD ministry) and laid a foundation of education with research and development in modern India.

Ten Lines on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

10 lines on maulana abul kalam azad – set 1.

1) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a freedom fighter and a social and political activist.

2) Maulana Azad was the first Human Resource and Development Minister of free India.

3) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born on 11 th November 1888 at Mecca in Saudi Arabia.

4) Maulana Azad was self-taught in his home and he knew Urdu, Hindi, Persian, Arabic, etc.

5) Maulana Azad during his late teenage became an active person in the field of journalism.

6) In 1912 Maulana Azad started publishing a weekly newspaper in Urdu known as ‘Al-Hilal’.

7) The newspaper of Maulana Azad became very popular for his criticisms of the British rule.

8) Maulana Azad joined Indian National Congress in Calcutta and become a prominent leader.

9) Maulana Azad also participated in the ‘Khilafat Movement’ in 1920-24 for protecting the caliphate.

10) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad died on 22 nd February 1958 in Delhi while serving in his office.

10 Lines on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – Set 2

1) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a freedom fighter, social activist and a journalist, his full name was ‘Abul Kalam Ghulam Mohiuddin Ahmed Bin Khairuddin Al-Husseini Azad’.

2) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a senior leader of Congress party and after independence; he became the first human resources and development minister of India.

3) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born in Mecca of Saudi Arabia, his father was ‘Mohammad Khairuddin’ and his mother was ‘Alia Mohammad Khairuddin’.

4) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad got his formal education at home in Arabic, Persian, Urdu with theological orientation, he also received a modern education.

5) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a writer by nature and as a result, he started his monthly magazine known as “Nairang-e-Alam” in 1899.

6) Maulana Azad was very much influenced by revolutionary ideas of national and international leaders; he published a weekly called ‘Al-Hilal’ in 1912.

7) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad agitated for restoration of the caliphate in Turkey which is also known as the ‘Khilafat movement’ in 1920.

8) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad also participated in the national freedom struggle; he participated in the non-co-operation movement with Gandhiji in 1920.

9) When Maulana Azad became the first HRD minister after independence, he laid stress on scientific education, modern education and education for all.

10) For his contribution in the freedom struggle, socio-religious harmony in society and major works as an HRD minister, Maulana Azad was given ‘Bharat Ratna’ in 1992.

10 Lines on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – Set 3

1) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, one of India’s first freedom fighters, was a scholar as well as a poet.

2) He worked for Hindu-Muslim unity and was one of the Muslim leaders who opposed the principle of a separate Muslim nation (Pakistan).

3) He actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Khilafat Movement, supporting non-violence with Gandhiji.

4) He became the first Education Minister of independent India and took up the task of improving the education system of the country.

5) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

6) His father Maulana Khairuddin was a Bengali Muslim of Afghan origin.

7) Mohammad Khairuddin and his family left Calcutta in 1857 and moved to Mecca at the time of the first movement of Indian independence.

8) There, Mohammed Khairuddin met his wife, who was the daughter of Sheikh Mohammad Zahar Vatri of the Arab country.

9) In 1890, 2 years after Maulana Azad’s birth, his family returned to India and settled in Kolkata.

10) He was married at the age of 13 years to Zulekha Begum.

—————

10 Lines on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – Set 4

1) The full name of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiuddin.

2) He was an important politician who supported India’s independence.

3) He worked in several magazines in his early career and was close to Deobandi ideology.

4) Maulana Azad joined the Indian National Congress in 1920 supporting the Non-Cooperation Movement with Mahatma Gandhi.

5) Maulana Azad was elected President of the Congress at the Ramgarh session in 1940 where he criticized religious separatists and remained in the same post till 1946.

6) Maulana Azad was appointed as the Minister of Education in the first Cabinet after Indian independence from 1947 to 1958.

7) Maulana Azad tried to strengthen education for the progress and development of the country until his last breath.

8) Maulana Azad witnessed the independence of India in 1947 and the partition of India and Pakistan.

9) He died in Delhi on 22 nd February 1958 due to a heart attack.

10) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was posthumously awarded India’s highest civilian honor and award Bharat Ratna in 1992 for his valuable contribution to the nation.

5 Lines on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

1) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was an Indian freedom fighter.

2) He was the first Education Minister of India.

3) Azad was a prolific writer, poet and journalist.

4) He was an influential leader in the INC.

5) He was a major voice of Indian independence movement.

Maulana Azad was such a learned person that he knew many languages. He was a writer by nature and by profession and started publishing magazines and newspapers from his teenage. In his literary works, he always criticized and exposed the Britishers. Maulana Azad always advocated Hindu-Muslim unity and secularism in India. Maulana Azad served as the first HRD minister of India. “India Wins Freedom” is a book written by him.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Ans. Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini was his real name.

Ans. Maulana Azad was chosen to be a member of the Jamia Millia Islamia’s founding committee in October 1920.

Ans. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prolific writer and poet. He wrote many books in Urdu and Persian, including his famous works India Wins Freedom and Ghubar-e-Khatir.

Ans. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour, in 1992 after his death for his contribution to Indian independence movement.

Ans. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the youngest man to be elected as Congress president.

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