how much does a phd cost in usa

• PhD in USA – A Guide for 2024/25
• Finding a PhD

A PhD in USA takes approximately 5 – 6 years of full-time study and can cost between $12,000 – $45,000 per academic year. PhD programs in USA differ from that in the UK and Europe in that students must first take taught classes, coursework and exams before starting their research project.

Why Do a PhD in USA?

The United States has long had some of the most distinguished universities and advanced PhD programmes in the world. Combined with curriculum flexibility, rigorous teaching methods, vast funding opportunities, breathtaking campuses and significant career prospects, it’s no wonder that it is one of the most sought-after study destinations for research students.

In addition to comprehensive training standards, here are a few other reasons why a student may choose to undertake their PhD in the United States:

• Longer learning timeframes – A PhD in the US lasts longer than a PhD in the UK or Europe. This allows students to more confidently transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies; more commonly referred to as ‘graduate studies’ in the US. This gives you the opportunity to learn more about your subject, research methods and academic writing in general before starting your research project.
• World-class universities – It’s no secret that some of the most well-known higher education institutions that continue to dominate global rankings are based in the United States. Although many factors go into determining whether a position is right for you, a PhD at a high-ranking American university will undeniably have many benefits, from excellent learning standards to access to innovative equipment and deep expertise.
• International network – The US has long been a popular choice among PhD students around the world. As such, the US hosts a diverse and multicultural learning environment in which many research students will quickly feel at home.
• Opportunities – With over 4,000 universities in the US, we can safely say you will have plenty of opportunities to find the ideal combination of project, supervisor and university that works for you.

Universities in USA

Universities in the United States can be divided into two types: public universities and private universities.

Public universities are financed by the state in which they are based. Because of this, public universities charge less for students from within the state and more for students from outside the state, including international students.

Private universities are not financed by their state, but by private donors, research funds and tuition fees. For this reason, private universities generally charge higher tuition fees than public universities and require all students to pay the same amount, regardless of whether they come from out-of-state or abroad.

According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 , eight of the top ten universities in the world are located in the United States. These are:

Method of Study

The main difference between a PhD in the US and a PhD in Europe lies in the program structure. Whereas a European PhD essentially consists of a single phase lasting three to four years , an American PhD consists of three different phases, each with its own time frame.

• Phase One – The first phase lasts approximately two years and focuses on building a basic foundation for the doctoral student. This phase consists largely of taught components such as lectures, tutorials and laboratory sessions, in which the student learns more about theoretical concepts and research methods within their discipline.
• Phase Two – The second phase can be considered an assessment phase, which runs both periodically alongside and at the end of the first phase. Here, students complete coursework and take exams on the basis of the material they have covered of which they must pass in order to proceed to the third phase.
• Phase Three – The third phase lasts approximately three years and resembles the European PhD structure. During this period, the student undertakes an independent research project, including forming a research design, conducting experiments, writing a thesis (more commonly referred to in the USA as a dissertation) and sitting a viva exam.

Teaching Requirements

Besides structure, a key difference between a PhD program in the US and in Europe is the focus on teaching requirements. In the US, doctoral students are expected to lecture, lead tutorials, host laboratory sessions, mark coursework and provide office hours for undergraduate students. Although students studying in European will likely contribute to these at some point during their study, this would normally be on a voluntary basis and involve less time commitment.

Research Flexibility

Another difference is project flexibility. In Europe, students typically apply to a PhD project predetermined by a supervisor, and although there may be some scope to adapt the project, depending on the funding provider , it will usually be limited to how the project is carried out rather than what it is about. In the US, however, a student applies to become a doctoral candidate within a department rather than applying for a particular research project. This is because students are expected to decide on their thesis topic (also commonly referred to as a dissertation research topic) near the end of their first phase after they have developed a better understanding of their subject and know where their interests lie. Therefore, research students in the US generally have more flexibility and influence in the direction of their research than students in the United Kingdom or Europe.

PhD Admission Requirements in USA

PhD admission into US universities can be highly competitive, both because of the limited number of positions and the large number of annual applicants.

The eligibility requirements for a doctoral program in the USA can generally be divided into four sections:

• Grade Point Average ( GPA ) – in the US, a scoring system known as Grade Point Average is used to measure academic ability. A student’s GPA is calculated as a weighted score of the subjects they study during their undergraduate degree; an equivalent score is calculated by universities for international applicants. Although universities rarely set minimum GPA requirements for doctoral study, it’s worth being aware that a GPA of 3.0 is equivalent to a UK second class honours (2:1); the typical entry requirement for UK universities.
• Graduate Records Exam (GRE) – most universities will require you to take a series of examinations known as Graduate Records Exams, which are used to determine your suitability for graduate study. GREs will assess your analytical, reasoning and critical thinking skills as well as your depth of your subject.
• Student aptitude – in addition to academic ability, US universities also look for characteristics of a strong researcher. These include traits such as engaging in the subject in your own time, e.g. by attending talks and conferences, demonstrating a high degree of independence and enthusiasm, and a general passion for your subject.
• English Language Proficiency – international students whose first language is not English must sit language exams such as IELTS or TOELF to demonstrate their English language proficiency.

International students will also require a F1 student visa in order to study in the US, however, you would typically apply for this after you have secured a place into a doctorate program.

How to Apply for PhD in USA

When applying for a PhD position at a graduate school, the application process will differ between universities, however, they will all typically ask for the following:

• Academic CV – a short document summarising your educational background and current level of experience .
• Personal statement – a document which outlines why you believe you are suitable for PhD study and your passion for the subject.
• Academic transcripts – a complete breakdown of the modules and their respective marks you have taken as part of your previous/current degree.
• GRE scores – a transcript of your Graduate Records Exam results.
• Research statement – a condensed version of a research proposal outlining your general research interests, if required.
• Recommendation letters – references from several academic referees who endorse your qualities as a person, your abilities as a student and your potential as a doctoral researcher.

Application Deadlines and Fees

Since PhD programs in the United States have taught components, they commence at the same time as all other taught degrees, and therefore share the same application deadlines and start dates. This corresponds to an application period that typically begins in August and ends in February. Admission decisions are typically made in April, with successful students starting in August/September.

When you apply to a graduate school, you will be expected to pay a fee for each doctorate application to cover the school’s administrative costs for processing your application. The fee varies from university to university, but typically ranges from $50 to $100 .

Funding your PhD in USA

It’s very common for a PhD student to receive financial aid in the form of a PhD scholarship; in fact, this will be the case for the vast majority of students in the US.

PhD funding can be ‘fully funded’ covering the student’s graduate program tuition fees, accommodation and living costs, or ‘partially funded’ covering the student’s tuition fee only in part or full.

Besides funding, a graduate student can take on an assistantship, such as a graduate teaching assistant or research assistant, in which they take on a part-time salaried position at the university alongside their studies.

Due to the international and collaborate nature of American universities, there are also a number of international scholarships available, such as the Fulbright Scholarship and the AAUW International Fellowship .

PhD Duration in USA

In the US, a PhD takes approximately 5 – 6 years to complete if studying full-time, and 8 – 10 years if studying part-time.

If you already have a Master’s degree, your first phase can be shortened by one year at the discretion of the university.

Cost of a PhD in USA

The cost of a PhD program in the US can vary considerably depending on the type of university, i.e. whether it’s a public or private university, the doctoral course, i.e. whether it’s in a STEM subject such as computer science, engineering or a non-STEM subject, and whether you are a home or international student.

In general, however, the typical annual tuition fee for a PhD in the US is between $12,000 and $45,000 per academic year.

As with any doctoral degree, additional costs may include travel for collaborations, bench fees, accommodation and living expenses.

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How To Pay For A Ph.D.

Fact Checked

Updated: Jan 25, 2024, 12:13pm

If your heart is set on earning a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree, you’ll join an elite club. In the United States, only 4.9 million people—about 2% of adults—hold a Ph.D. or other doctoral degree.

A Ph.D. can lead to a significantly higher salary. According to The College Board, the median earnings for those with doctoral degrees was $120,700, 38% more than the median for those with master’s degrees.

However, earning a Ph.D. can be an expensive endeavor. To avoid racking up too much debt, learn how to pay for a doctorate with grants, scholarships and other sources of financial aid.

What Does a Ph.D. Cost?

If your goal is to earn a Ph.D., be prepared for a significant investment of both time and money. Depending on the type of university you choose and your program, a Ph.D. usually takes three to five years to complete. If you attend school part-time, it can take even longer.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), tuition and fees cost, on average, $20,513 for the 2021-2022 academic year, so you’ll spend anywhere from $61,539 to $102,565 to complete a Ph.D. program. In addition, you’ll need to account for about $16,000 to $20,000 per year in added costs, such as room and board, supplies and other fees.

That total is on top of what you spent on a bachelor’s and master’s degree, so your education will likely cost well into the six figures. With such a high cost, it’s no surprise that many Ph.D. earners have substantial student loan balances.

7 Ways To Pay For a Ph.D.

Ph.D. costs can be significant, but a variety of financial aid opportunities can make the price tag more manageable. Paying for a Ph.D. is possible using the following options:

1. Fully Funded Ph.D. Programs

Fully funded Ph.D. programs typically cover the cost of tuition and fees, and they also provide a monthly stipend for living expenses and health insurance. Some examples of fully funded Ph.D. programs include:

• Boston University . Attendees of Boston University’s Charles River Campus can take advantage of a fully funded model. The program includes 100% tuition coverage, a health insurance credit and a living expense stipend. Depending on your program, the stipend ranges from $27,318 to $40,977 per year.
• Duke University . At Duke University, Ph.D. students are guaranteed five years of tuition and living stipends and up to six years of full health and dental insurance coverage. The amount of financial support varies by program and stipend amounts range from $2,538 to $3,217 per month.
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Sloan School of Management . MIT’s fully funded Ph.D. program covers students for up to five years. The program pays for the full cost of tuition and provides students with a monthly stipend of $4,497, student medical insurance and a new laptop. Students also receive up to $4,500 for travel and conferences.

Not all universities offer fully funded Ph.D. programs, and existing programs are highly competitive. For example, the Stanford University Department of Political Science Ph.D. program selects 12 to 15 students per year.

2. Ph.D. Fellowship Programs

A fellowship program provides students with financial support so they can focus on their academic work. Issued based on the student’s academic merit or research achievements, fellowships may or may not have a service requirement attached.

Fellowships can come from universities, nonprofit organizations or government agencies. For example:

• American Psychological Association (APA) Doctoral Fellowship in Health and Substance Abuse Services . The APA fellowship is for full-time doctoral students who are committed to working in behavioral health. It provides up to three years of financial support, and the stipend amounts vary by year and program.
• Cornell Fellowship . Cornell University operates several fellowship programs. The Cornell Fellowship pays for one academic year of tuition, fees, health insurance and a stipend.
• U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program . The NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program is a five-year fellowship that gives students three years of financial support. The fellowship includes an annual stipend of $37,000 and pays up to $16,000 per year in tuition and fees.

You can search for fellowship opportunities through the ProFellow database .

3. Doctoral Scholarships

Scholarships are available to Ph.D. students, and these merit-based awards can come from nonprofit organizations, private companies, states and government agencies. The award amounts vary, ranging from smaller awards that may only cover incidental expenses to more substantial awards of $20,000. For example:

• Accounting Doctoral Scholars Program . Certified public accountants (CPAs) intending to earn a Ph.D. in accounting can qualify for up to $20,000 through the Accounting Doctoral Scholars Program.
• American Library Association (ALA) Century Scholarship . The ALA Century Scholarship gives up to $2,500 to library school students with disabilities pursuing a doctoral degree.
• Washington State American Indian Endowed Scholarship . In Washington, Native American students can receive $500 to $2,500 to pay for their education at an eligible school within the state.

You can search for additional scholarship opportunities with tools like FastWeb or Scholarships.com .

4. Ph.D. Grants

Unlike scholarships, grants are usually awarded based on the student’s financial need. Ph.D. grants can be issued by states and nonprofit organizations. For example:

• José Martí Scholarship Challenge Grant Fund . This grant, issued to Hispanic students in Florida, is both need-based and merit-based. Eligible recipients can receive up to $2,000 per year.
• Organization For Autism Research Graduate Research Grant . Doctoral candidates conducting autism research can qualify for a grant of $2,000.
• Virginia Tuition Assistance Grant Program . Virginia residents attending an eligible university can receive between $5,000 and $12,500 per year in financial assistance.

You can find Ph.D. grant opportunities through your state education agency or CareerOneStop .

5. Employer Reimbursement

If you’re currently working full- or part-time, your employer may be willing to help with some of your education expenses. According to the Society for Human Resource Management, 48% of employers offer tuition assistance or reimbursement benefits.

Contact your human resources department to find out if tuition reimbursement is available and what you need to do to qualify for the benefit.

6. Federal Student Loans

Depending on the other financial aid you qualify for, you may need to borrow some money to cover your remaining expenses. Federal student loans are a good starting point since they have more borrower protections than other options, and you may qualify for loan forgiveness later on based on your employment.

Ph.D. students may qualify for either direct unsubsidized loans or grad PLUS loans. Unsubsidized loans have lower interest rates but have annual and aggregate borrowing maximums that your program may exceed. If that’s the case, you can use grad PLUS loans to pay for your remaining expenses.

7. Private Student Loans

If you aren’t eligible for federal loans or need to borrow more than the federal limits allow, private student loans are another way to pay for your Ph.D. Private loans come from banks, credit unions and other lenders, and your loan eligibility is based on your credit, income and whether you have a co-signer (someone who agrees to repay the loan if you miss payments).

If you have excellent credit, you could qualify for private loans with lower rates than you’d get with federal loans, and private student loans can have terms as long as 20 years.

If you decide to take out a private loan, compare quotes from several lenders offering loans for Ph.D. programs. Consider the rates, terms and overall repayment costs to find the best loan option.

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• PhD Funding in the USA – A Guide for 2024

PhD Funding in the USA

Written by Ben Taylor

Many of the world’s top research universities are based in the USA, making it a popular destination for PhD students globally. However, the USA has a reputation for being an expensive place to study. This can be daunting. But there are fantastic opportunities for PhD funding, including many fully-funded PhD programmes in the USA for international students.

This guide will provide an introduction to the cost of a typical doctorate in the USA, along with some of the most generous forms of PhD funding available at American universities.

On this page

American phd funding – what you need to know first.

The USA boasts highly ranked universities with substantial budgets and endowments allowing them to offer generous fully-funded PhD scholarships to graduate students of any nationality.

Here’s what you need to know when beginning your search for fully-funded PhDs in the USA:

• Public vs private universities : public universities differentiate fees for in-state and out-of-state students, so international students pay the same as out-of-state domestic students. Private universities don’t distinguish between domestic and international students.
• Full-ride PhD scholarships : many universities offer 'full-ride' PhD scholarships that cover tuition fees and living expenses.
• Fulbright Commission : this commission administers several funding schemes for international students, allowing them to complete their research in the USA.

The cost of a PhD in the USA

American PhD fees vary widely across public and private institutions. Also, the differentiation between in-state and out-of-state fees at public universities impacts the cost. They also tend to be exaggerated or otherwise misreported based on very high figures for prestigious Ivy League universities. These aren’t typical.

Actual fees vary between public and private institutions and sometimes depend on a students’ residency status:

• Public institutions : on average, charge $12,394 per year for in-state students, with higher fees for out-of-state students (including international students).
• Private institutions : on average, charge $26,621 per year for all students on graduate programmes.

These figures are based on data from the US National Center for Education Statistics . While private institutions generally have higher fees, they may also have more funding available.

The best way to get a sense of the tuition fees you will actually pay for a US PhD is to look up a few programmes in your subject and compare their prices. Just make sure you’re comparing the same thing: some universities will list fees per year, whereas others may list fees per semester or per credit.

In-state vs out-of-state

US universities don’t distinguish between international students and domestic fees in the same way as the UK. But public universities do differentiate between students from inside or outside their state. This is because ‘in-state’ students have their education partly subsidised by their state government. As an international student you’ll pay the same fee as a US student from ‘out-of-state’.

Living costs

The sheer size of the USA means living costs can vary significantly across different states. Here are some typical expenses you might encounter:

• Rent : average ranges from $400 to $800 per month for a room in a shared house and $900 to $3,000 per month for an apartment.
• Public transport : typically, costs around $100 per month.
• Food : approximately $40-100 per week.

See our guide to living in the USA during a PhD for more advice.

Fulbright Postgraduate Scholarships

The US-UK Fulbright Commission helps foster research connections between the USA and the UK, offering postgraduate scholarships to talented British students. Benefits include:

• A contribution towards your tuition fees (this could cover the first year of fees or fully-fund the entire degree, depending on the award and institution)
• Health insurance cover
• Visa sponsorship
• Networking opportunities through a global alumni organisation

Fulbright Scholars will also gain valuable networking opportunities through a global alumni organisation, as well as support during their studies from the Institute of International Education (IIE).

There are a range of Fulbright Postgraduate Awards available, with some providing a fully-funded PhD degree and others only offering a one-year tuition fee waiver. You can check out the Fulbright Postgraduate Scholarships on their website.

Eligibility for Fulbright Postgraduate Awards

• Must be a British citizen (foreign nationals settled in the UK may also apply)
• Typically requires an undergraduate result of at least a 2.1 (a 2.2 might be accepted on a case-by-case basis)
• Should not have spent more than six months in the USA already

Applying for a Fulbright Postgraduate Award

The application process for a Fulbright Award usually opens in August, with a deadline in early November.

You’ll need to make an online application with the following documents/details:

• Requires academic transcripts, CV, passport photo, personal statement, references, and research objectives
• Successful candidates will be invited for an interview in February

You’ll also need to complete a separate application to the university you want to do your PhD at.

Shortlisted candidates will be invited to attend an interview in the following February.

Other Fulbright PhD scholarships

The above information focuses on the US-UK Fulbright Commission, which is part of a much larger network of organisations devoted to helping talented international students attend American universities.

Fulbright-Nehru Doctoral Fellowships , for example, offer Indian students the chance to complete a funded research placement (six to nine months) in the USA.

The Fulbright Foreign Student Program provides Nigerian doctoral students with the opportunity to conduct PhD research in the United States.

Fulbright Germany’s Doktorand:innenprogramm (PhD student programme) is a similar scheme to help German researchers complete work in the USA.

You can view Fulbright programmes by country on the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs website.

University PhD scholarships

American universities commonly offer fully-funded PhD programmes for international students, and it’s rare for successful candidates to be self-funding entirely. Funding often includes fee waivers, stipends, and other forms of financial support.

In general, private universities will have more funding than public universities (though they will also have higher fees). You can search some of the PhD funding available using an official tool provided by Education USA . These results aren’t exhaustive though: make sure you also check with the university you are considering.

We’ve done some of the leg-work for you and produced a list of international PhD scholarships available at some of the top American universities, which you can check out below.

Assistantships

Assistantships are another common form of funding, providing a stipend or fee waiver in exchange for work. Types include:

• Graduate Teaching Assistantships (TAs) : Teaching and mentoring undergraduate students.
• Research Assistantships (RAs) : Assisting faculty with research.
• Fellowships : Funding without additional responsibilities, conditional on maintaining high academic standards.

Federal grants and aid

National science foundation (nsf) graduate research fellowship program (grfp).

Offers federal grants for talented STEM graduate students, including benefits like:

• $37,000 annual stipend
• Tuition fee allowance of $12,000 (paid directly to the university)

You can find out more on the NSF GRFP website .

Federal Student Aid for US students

Available for US citizens with financial aid needs, including federal loans and work-study opportunities.

Final thoughts

Securing funding for a PhD in the USA might look challenging, but with numerous opportunities available, obtaining financial support is highly achievable. Whether through fully funded PhD programmes, assistantships, or federal grants, there are many pathways to making your academic dreams a reality.

Search for a PhD in the USA

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Ben worked in the FindAPhD content team from 2017 to 2022, starting as an Assistant Content Writer and leaving as Student Content Manager. He focused on producing well-researched advice across a range of topics related to postgraduate study. Ben has a Bachelors degree in English Literature from the University of Sheffield and a Masters from the University of Amsterdam. Having also spent a semester at the University of Helsinki through the Erasmus programme, he’s no stranger to study abroad (or cold weather!).

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How Much Does a PhD Cost?

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Obtaining a PhD is a great way to open up your career options and fulfill personal goals. If you’re deciding whether to go back to your school for a doctorate degree, make sure to get a picture of what it will cost you beforehand so you can make an educated financial choice. In this article, we take a deep dive into how much a PhD costs, including non-tuition expenses and hidden costs. We also list the pros and cons of earning a PhD, as well as ways to fund your degree if it is the right choice for you. Let’s get started! 

What is a PhD? 

“PhD” is the abbreviated title for “Doctor of Philosophy.”  A PhD is an academic degree that qualifies the degree holder to teach at the university level or work in specialized positions in certain fields. PhDs generally focus on STEM research and teaching fields. 

Keep reading : Everything you need to know about a doctorate degree

How much does a PhD cost? 

It usually takes around eight years to earn a PhD at an average tuition cost of 81,000 . 

The true cost of a PhD is very dependent on the following factors: 

• Choice of school
• Field of study
• Type of PhD 
• Location of school
• Dollar amount of student loans

Also see: What is the average amount of graduate school debt?

Other costs associated with receiving a PhD

Living expenses .

In addition to the cost of tuition involved in earning a PhD, there are numerous outside factors that add to the total spent. These predominantly include living expenses such as housing, food, insurance, and transportation. The cost of these necessities will vary depending on the state, city of residence, and number of years it takes to earn a PhD. Therefore, it is important to consider all these factors when planning to earn a PhD. 

Hidden costs of a PhD

Besides just the monetary cost of a PhD, receiving this degree has some hidden costs that can affect whether a PhD is truly worth it. Let’s look at some of the most important hidden costs.

Receiving a PhD takes a long time! If you want to earn a PhD, it will take up to eight years to do so. 

Delayed opportunities

Because receiving a PhD takes time, this means there may be work and life opportunities and experiences you miss out on or have to delay.

Lost income

While focusing on earning a PhD, you will need to focus on your education rather than maintaining a steady flow of income from a job. You will most likely not be able to hold down a full-time job while completing your PhD schooling. 

The chance of not finishing

Unfortunately, it is quite common to start but not earn a PhD. There are a lot of factors that hinder students from receiving their PhD, including the following: 

• Realization they do not want a PhD
• Lack of ability to pay for a PhD
• Inability to maintain a school work balance

Ways to fund your PhD 

Luckily, prospective PhD candidates have numerous options to help them fund their education. Typically, PhD students turn to a variety of funding sources, including scholarships, grants, studentships, loans, and employer sponsorships. 

PhD Scholarships

There are a variety of scholarships out there intended for PhD students to help them on their academic journey. These funds can typically be used for tuition, books, and other educational expenses. Try checking out our very own Gutsy Graduate Scholarship to get started!

Grants are very similar to scholarships. They provide money for students for tuition and other academic expenses.

Studentships

A “studentship” is a name that is most often used for PhD scholarships. Studentships are an opportunity for PhD students to receive funding in order to ease financial pressures. Traditionally, studentships are awarded based on merit and achievement. 

Loans are a common way of funding PhD students. The US Department of Education offers Direct PLUS loans as well as Direct Unsubsidized Loans to graduate and professional students. 

Assistantships

Graduate assistantships are opportunities to earn money while taking on a position that allows you to make connections and obtain skills in your field. There are various types of assistantships such as teaching and research assistants. Depending on your institution and professor, your role may vary widely depending on what your professor is working on. So, it is important to do your research before accepting an assistantship to determine if it is the right role for you. An assistantship typically functions as a job where you serve a certain number of hours and will be paid for your labor. 

Fellowships

Fellowships can vary widely depending on the institution; however it is essentially funding granted to students to help lower the cost of education. A fellowship is typically a merit-based scholarship for advanced study of an academic subject and is granted to the top candidates in their class. Graduate fellowships typically will cover the cost of tuition as well as a stipend to be used to cover the cost of living which makes graduate studies affordable for academically-driven students. 

Further reading : Assistantships vs. fellowships: What’s the difference? 

Employer sponsorships

In some cases, you may be eligible to receive employer sponsored funding to earn a PhD. In order to do this, you will usually need to demonstrate to your employer that receiving a PhD will also benefit the company as a whole. 

Also see: Top graduate school scholarships

Is a PhD worth it? 

The answer depends on the individual student’s goals and financial situation. There are many pros and cons associated with receiving a PhD. We include a few of the most common reasons below. 

• Access to more prestigious and high-paying jobs
• Development of skills
• Networking opportunities 
• Can make significant contributions to your field of study 
• Financial costs/debt
• Isolating and lonely experience for some
• Stress associated with academic rigor
• Limited job openings after graduation 
• Loss of valuable job experience and opportunities
• Length of time to earn a PhD

Some questions to ask yourself before pursuing a PhD

• Why do I want a PhD? 
• Am I financially prepared to fund a PhD?
• What jobs will be available to me after receiving a PhD?
• Do I have the prerequisites and experience to move forward to a PhD program? 

Related: What is a research university?

Overall cost of PhD

In total, earning a PhD involves a considerable investment of time and money. It can also put you in touch with incredible peer support, mentors, and resources, and be incredibly rewarding and help you start down the path towards your dream career. Be sure you are confident in your decision before starting your PhD journey, and best of luck to you! 

Also see: Grad school financing options

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Studying a PhD in The USA - The Complete Guide

Find your perfect postgrad program search our database of 30,000 courses.

The USA is a favourable postgraduate study destination for international students due to the high standard of academic study and the wide variety of subjects. By undertaking a PhD in the USA, you will find yourself becoming an internationally recognised expert in your chosen field.

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the USA is considered the highest awarded degree in many US universities and institutes for most fields of study. For many international students, it's a dream course that offers an exciting new life chapter.

Attending Grad School for a PhD in the USA is not the same as undertaking a PhD in Europe or the UK , it can often be a different experience. However, studying abroad will improve your global cultural understanding in addition to your network of contacts for your future career. A PhD degree is often required when you apply for high-level management jobs, government expert positions, and careers like a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.

There are a multitude of reasons why the United States is a fantastic choice for your PhD studies. Here’s everything you need to know about studying a PhD in the USA.

1. PhD course length

The total length of a PhD in the USA is between 4-8 years for full-time students and 8-10 years for part-time students, depending on your field of study. PhDs can be completed in 4-5 years for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject. Students typically dedicate 1-4 years on coursework, followed by 2-4 years of dissertation work. In the USA, the academic year is divided into two teaching semesters: August to December and January to May. 

Having a longer duration for your PhD allows for greater opportunities to adjust to your course and find your footing. This enables you to concentrate on developing a more comprehensive understanding of your chosen subject at a more relaxed pace.

2. World-class universities

The US repeatedly tops the charts of worldwide ranking universities , so what better place to do your PhD studies? Although rankings shouldn’t be the main deciding factor when making your PhD choice, they're a great indicator of educational expertise.

There are many factors to consider when choosing the location for your PhD. Does the university have a high employability rate after graduation? Are you wanting to go public or private university? What kind of research facilities do they have? 

Be sure to do some research before making a decision on your perfect place of study.

3. International community

The United States is a popular choice for international students from all over the world – making it an inspirational and cosmopolitan choice for your PhD studies. No matter what your choice of academic study is, you are guaranteed to find a diverse community that welcomes students from all backgrounds. 

4. Affordable tuition fees 

There are various tuition fee options available for PhD students regardless of your budget. The American higher education system is often associated with high fees and substantial student debt, but in fact, studying at an American university isn't always expensive, and many institutions offer affordable courses. For instance, PhD costs range from $28,000 to $55,000 annually, which shows that finding a PhD course that’s more affordable is possible. 

5. Student experience

American universities typically have vibrant campus communities with a wide range of extracurricular activities, clubs and organisations. As a student, you will have the opportunity to engage in various social, cultural and recreational activities alongside your academic studies.

6. Student support

American universities typically provide comprehensive support services to assist you on your PhD journey. These services may include academic advising, counselling, career services, libraries, writing centres and various student organisations aimed at fostering your personal and professional development.

7. Land of opportunity

It's fair to say that student life in the USA offers something for everyone, regardless of what you're looking for from a PhD. With 50 states, six time zones, and thousands of higher-education providers, there's an opportunity waiting for every individual across the globe.

So let’s take a look at some of the key factors to consider when studying for a PhD in the USA.

Studying a PhD in the USA: top tips

Who is eligible for a phd in the usa.

To be eligible for PhD in the USA, generally students should have completed a graduate degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0, provide proof of English language proficiency, GRE scores and other supporting documents.  The eligibility criteria for a PhD in the USA can vary depending on the specific university and program. 

Can I get a PhD without a masters degree?

Yes, you can pursue a PhD without having a masters. Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

The eligibility criteria and requirements for direct entry PhD programs vary among institutions and fields of study, so it is advisable to check the entry requirements of the specific university or course you are interested in.

How to apply for a PhD in the USA

When applying for your chosen subject in the USA, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This will include:

Completed application form – provided by your preferred university.

A personal statement – on why you want to study the subject, your research interests and career goals. Be sure to include any extracurricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References – universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades – you will generally need to submit scores from standardised tests like the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT). 

English language proficiency – international applicants whose native language is not English usually need to provide proof of English language proficiency through tests like the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Samples of work – it is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

The application fee. 

Method of study

Compared to the UK and Europe , studying a PhD in the USA involves several key differences. Students in the USA are usually in direct contact with their professor, compared with those in the UK where students might find that their PhD program is headed by a professor who gives them a little less flexibility to change their research and study areas. There can be several cultural differences between UK, Europe, and USA university lifestyles. US students are expected to undertake a great deal of teaching and marking, as opposed to PhD students in Europe. 

As a result, you may have less free time outside of the university when pursuing a PhD in the USA.

Application for PhD In USA

When applying for your chosen subject, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This might include:

A personal statement on why you want to study the subject. Be sure to include any extra-curricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References. Universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades. It is important that you provide a list of your awarded grades from previous courses you have studied.

Samples of work. It is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

UK and Europe students decide on their PhD thesis subject area before they apply . While taking classes at a graduate level, prospective PhD students in the USA spend up to a year or two deciding on their specific research subject. It is normal to apply for up to six institutions for a PhD in the USA, and students apply to each institution separately as there is no central organisation. 

Students in the UK and Europe are expected to apply with an understanding of the subject already, usually in the form of a masters degree, and be ready to start studying at the PhD level straight away. In the USA it is expected that students do not have an in-depth understanding of their subject as they usually only have an undergraduate degree when they apply. 

When should I start applying for a PhD in the USA?

Deadlines for applications to PhD programs in the USA tend to be between December and February, and institutions should let you know about your application by April. Most US institutions recommend that you apply as far in advance as you possibly can to give them, and you, plenty of time to make arrangements. 

Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply as well. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Funding your PhD in USA

PhD students are very likely to receive financial support in the form of PhD scholarships ; some USA PhD students also receive PhD studentships .

Making your PhD application in plenty of time allows you more time to apply for and arrange your PhD funding. Many students find that funding can cover much, or all, of the cost of their PhD studies in the USA, which ranges between $28,000 and $40,000. Deadlines for funding applications can be as early as December before starting your studies in the Autumn/Fall. 

There are two types of PhD funding: fully funded, which pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses, or partially funded, which pays for the student's tuition only partially or fully.

Can a PhD be fully funded?

Yes, many top universities in the USA offer fully funded PhD programs for eligible students. This funding pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation and living expenses. Partially funded PhDs only cover the student's tuition in part or in full.

Some PhD students will receive a stipend from their institution with an assistantship position, but this varies between institutions and between departments within institutions. Other students can find funding from both their own and the American government, and there are plenty of American government schemes like The Fulbright Program that offer funds.

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How long does it take to study a PhD in the USA?

For part-time students in the USA, a PhD can take eight to ten years, but it usually takes five to six years for full-time students. PhDs can be completed in four to five years rather than five or six for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject.

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Based on 2024 Times Higher Education's World University Rankings data, the following table shows which US universities rank the highest.

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How Much Does a PhD Cost?

How much does a PhD cost? Before you enroll in a doctoral program, you may have this pressing question on your mind.

The price of earning your PhD can vary greatly from one school to another, so it can help to pay close attention to the average costs at different institutions.

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Once you have a better idea of the cost of earning this degree, you can make a plan for your doctoral studies and work toward achieving your goals.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average doctoral student earning a research degree pays $16,526 in tuition per year. [1]

Plus, on average, there’s an additional $16,320 in non-tuition fees and expenses each year. That makes the average annual cost of a PhD $32,846. [1] It’s common to spend 3 to 5 years or more in a PhD program. That can seem like a staggering amount of money at first. You may be relieved to know, though, that you might not have to pay the entire amount yourself.

Many PhD candidates receive a good deal of support to help with their studies. PhD students fund their educations in a variety of ways, including:

• Fellowships
• Program-based funding

Program-based funding may include a stipend, a tuition waiver, and even benefits like health insurance. Fully funded online PhD programs are available, and in these programs, students are not responsible for covering any of the expenses associated with their doctoral education. It’s not always necessary to go into debt to pursue doctoral studies. Many students graduate from PhD programs without having incurred any debt.

One of the biggest assets that can help you graduate debt-free is an assistantship opportunity. You may be able to secure a role as a teaching or research assistant. In exchange for your work, you might receive a tuition waiver, a stipend, and other benefits.

Both the tuition at your school and the stipend you may receive will vary depending on where you enroll. To learn more about Ivy League costs, you can review the following table.

• Brown University: Tuition , stipends
• Columbia University: Tuition , stipends
• Cornell University: Tuition , stipends
• Dartmouth College: Tuition , stipends
• Harvard University: Tuition , stipends ( Engineering & Biological Sciences )
• Princeton University: Tuition, stipends
• University of Pennsylvania: Tuition , stipends
• Yale University: Tuition , stipends

This chart will give you an idea of typical PhD expenses at some of the top public universities.

• University of Arizona: Tuition , stipends
• Florida International University: Tuition , stipends ( Business & Bridge to the Doctorate Fellowship Program )
• Georgia State University: Tuition , stipends
• Ohio State: Tuition , stipends
• Texas A&M: Tuition , stipends ( Chemistry & Chemical Engineering )
• University of Central Florida: Tuition , stipends
• University of Florida: Tuition , stipends ( Engineering & English )
• University of Illinois: Tuition , stipends ( Math & Communication )
• University of Minnesota: Tuition , stipends ( Management & Public Health )
• University of Texas: Tuition , stipends ( Computer Science & Biology )

These rates reflect general tuition and stipends at the above schools, but the rates may vary somewhat depending on your program and the terms of your assistantship.

For example, you’re likely to earn more for a half-time assistantship than for a quarter-time one, and you’re likely to earn more for a 12-month assignment than for a 9-month one.

Factors That Affect the Average Cost of a Doctorate Degree

Many different elements will play into the overall price of earning your degree. One major factor is the type of school you attend. The following figures are based on data from the Urban Institute. [4]

Choice of School

• Private for-profit : $13,520 average annual tuition
• Private nonprofit : $25,160 average annual tuition
• Public in-state : $11,000 average annual tuition
• Public out-of-state : $22,590 average annual tuition

How long it takes to earn your degree can make a difference as well. The National Science Foundation offers data on how long PhD students in various fields are often in school. [5]

Program Length by Field of Study

• Education : 5.7 years
• Engineering : 5.3 years
• Humanities and arts : 6.8 years
• Life sciences : 5.5 years
• Mathematics and computer sciences : 5.7 years
• Physical sciences : 5.6 years
• Psychology and social sciences : 6.0 years

Online studies may change your costs. The tuition is often similar, but on-campus residency can be more expensive than living at home. Consider, for example, the graduate housing costs at the University of Miami. [6]

Online vs. On-Campus Housing Costs

• Living on-campus : $24,120 annually
• Living with a relative : $8,664 annually

On the other hand, teaching and research assistantships are less common for online PhD programs than on-campus ones. Even with housing costs, you may, then, spend less for on-campus studies.

Professional Doctorate Degree Cost

A PhD is not the only type of doctorate. There are also professional doctorates available, such as a Doctor of Podiatry (DPM) or a Doctor of Medicine (MD).

The following data from the National Center for Education Statistics provides an overview of the average doctoral degree cost annually. [1]

• Books and materials : $1,196
• Non-tuition costs and fees : $23,745
• Tuition : $34,910

In general, professional practice doctorates are more expensive than PhDs. According to the Urban Institute, 30% of professional practice doctoral programs have published annual tuition rates of more than $30,000. [2] Only 22% of PhD programs fall into that price category.

It’s also worth noting that doctoral students in professional programs are less likely to receive stipends, tuition waivers, and other benefits that often make school more affordable for PhD students.

Paying for a PhD

There are many ways to handle your PhD program cost. Perhaps you have the means to pay for your schooling on your own. If not, you may benefit from an assistantship, federal student aid, or the financial support of your workplace.

According to the National Science Foundation, the majority of students fund their PhDs through assistantships. [7] Further NSF data about primary funding sources is listed here.

Also, data from the National Center for Education Statistics shows that students earning research doctorates took out, on average, $20,500 in loans. [3]

Graduate students may be eligible for Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Federal Direct PLUS Loans.

Student Loan Debt of PhD Graduates

When it comes to the cost of a PhD, what you study can be as important as any of the other factors. As a general rule, people who get research doctoral degrees in education are much more likely to graduate with debt than other doctoral students.

The following data from the Urban Institute supports this idea. [8]

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average non-education PhD graduate had a loan balance of $98,800. [9] For those with degrees in education, the average balance was $111,900.

If you are interested in a degree in education, you may want to pay particular attention to the tuition costs and benefits available at the schools you’re considering.

Is a PhD Degree Worth It?

Yes, a PhD degree is worth it for many students. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that unemployment rates are quite low among people with doctoral degrees. The overall American unemployment rate is 4.7%.

Among people with doctorates, the unemployment rate is only 1.5%. [10] Plus, a PhD can put you on the path toward a research role or a tenured career in academia. In addition, it is an impressive personal accomplishment.

If you’re considering pursuing a terminal degree, then you’ve probably been wondering, “How much is a PhD?” Now that you know, you can start your search for the accredited school that’s right for you.

[1] National Postsecondary Student Aid Study: 2016 Graduate Students (NPSAS:GR). US Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.

[2] Figure 3. Baum, Sandy and Patricia Steele. The Price of Graduate and Professional Schools: How Much Students Pay (PDF). Urban Institute. NCES, NPSAS 2012.

[3] Table A-8: Average amounts of selected types of financial aid received by graduate students. US Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.

[4] Appendix A. Baum, Sandy and Patricia Steele. The Price of Graduate and Professional School: How Much Students Pay (PDF). Urban Institute. NCES, NPSAS 2012.

[5] Table 31. Median years to doctorate, by major field of study: Selected years, 1994–2019. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

[6] 2023-2024 Estimated Graduate Cost of Attendance . University of Miami. Graduate Professional Financial Assistance.

[7] Table 35. Doctorate recipients’ primary source of financial support, by broad field of study, sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race: 2019. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

[8] Baum, Sandy and Patricia Steele. Graduate and Professional School Debt: How Much Students Borrow (PDF). Urban Institute. 2018.

[9] Trends in Student Loan Debt for Graduate School Completers (PDF). Spotlights. The Condition of Education 2018. National Center for Education Statistics.

[10] Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment, 2021 . Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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How much does a phd cost, published by steve tippins on february 1, 2019 february 1, 2019.

Last Updated on: 6th June 2024, 01:36 am

Many people have dreams of getting a PhD and returning to the classroom to guide young students. Others want to complete a doctorate to embark on a career of cutting-edge research.

These are admirable reasons to embark on the road towards getting a PhD. However, it’s important to consider the cost of a PhD before embarking on this journey. How much does a PhD cost? And more importantly, is it worth the price?

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Average Cost of a PhD

The average time it takes to complete a PhD is just over 8 years. That’s right, 8 years. The average cost of a PhD program is $30,000 per year, which comes to a grand total of $240,000 over the course of eight years. Almost a quarter of a million dollars.

Of course, this is just the average cost of a PhD–chances are your specific program will cost either more or less, and you might not take as long to finish. Then again, you might take longer. So, these are just estimates. You may be able to come up with a more accurate estimate by looking at your specific program and field. But no matter the details, it is vital to consider how much money you’ll actually be spending and whether it’s worth the investment.

However, when considering the cost of a PhD, tuition is just the beginning. If you only look at the price tag without considering the hidden costs, you may be in for a rough few years. In order to fully answer the question, “How much does a PhD cost,” we have to look at some other factors as well.

The Hidden Cost of a PhD

There are more costs than just dollars and cents when pursuing anything, and a PhD is no exception. Here are some of the hidden costs to be aware of when considering the cost of a PhD.

Eight years is a long time. Even three years is a substantial time investment. Getting a doctoral degree means that you will be investing a great deal of time into this quest. Before you begin, remember that you can only be in one place at a time so you will inevitably miss out on other opportunities. What do you spend your time on now? Consider whether you’re willing to give that up for the most part for a few years.

Lost/Delayed Opportunities

If you go to graduate school full-time you most likely will not be able to hold down a full-time job. That means that your career will be put on hold. If you go to graduate school part-time you can still keep your job but the demands of graduate school may mean that you might miss potential promotions.

Missed time with family and friends

The demands of a graduate program are substantial. There are classes and then there is homework. It is not like in undergraduate school where you might have been able to dash off a homework assignment 15 minutes before class. In graduate school you are expected to provide thoughtful and considered submissions. This can take a great deal of time.

This time commitment may mean missing events with your family and friends . I have seen many cases where a graduate student attends a soccer game or dance recital with her/his laptop and works on an assignment through the entire event. They are there, but are they really present? Make sure that your family is on board with you getting your degree. Their support can be invaluable, but their lack of support could mean having to pay back debt for a degree you never finished, or worse yet, resentment from those you love the most.

Income you could have had

If you do give up a career, you will lose that income. If you maintain your career, you may miss out on promotions and larger raises. This means lower income while in school. Recognize that there is no guarantee you will make this income back once you finish your degree. Depending on your field of study, you may actually make less money as a professor than you could at a professional job outside academia.

Foregone future benefits

You may have a number of benefits at work. For example, a 401(k) with employer matching. If you are not working, you will lose both your contribution and any employer matches. If your income is diminished, your 401(k) contributions may be lower. This will not impact your current income but it may reduce your retirement income.

The cost of not finishing

While your intention will obviously be to complete the program and get hooded at the end of the journey, the reality for 50% of those beginning a doctorate don’t finish . If you end up among them, will you regret beginning the program? How will you repay the student loans?

Is It Worth It to Get a PhD? Benefits of a Doctorate Program

With all of those costs, there must be some reasons people go through the mental and financial hardship of getting a PhD. And of course there are. Here are a few.

Positive income

On the bright side, at many schools PhD students go to school tuition free (at this point, tuition waivers are not considered income for tax purposes) and get small stipends to teach and help do research. This benefit can offset many of the costs, but you will find that these stipends do not allow for a lavish lifestyle. Many people in this position take out loans to cover living expenses.

Non-monetary benefits

If your ultimate career includes a full-time faculty job, then one of the benefits is a flexible schedule. Rarely do teaching faculty have to comply to a strict 9 to 5 schedule. Additionally, they get time off when students get time off. A flexible schedule can allow you to be more present in other areas of life, such as with your family. As a professor, I took the summers to spend time with family and explore the world. We bicycled through Northern France one summer and traveled to the Galapagos Islands another. These are experiences that I’ll always cherish.

There are also non-monetary benefits relating to creating a life of meaning. If you feel a sense of purpose in your job, you’ll have a happier daily existence than if you toil away at something that feels pointless. Since people with more education often get more control over their careers, the doctorate may enable more opportunities to find or create meaningful work.

Your getting a PhD might also be meaningful to those who know and love you. Will it serve your family or community to get a doctorate? How might your personal sacrifices be worth the effort, once you have achieved this goal on behalf of those you care about?

How Much Does a PhD Cost? Final Thoughts

The dream of getting a PhD drives many to enroll before considering all of the costs. I urge you to consider all possible costs and benefits when considering a PhD program. If you decide to enroll in a PhD program, consider options that can help you finish your degree faster, saving you money in the long run.

Asking the question, “How much does a PhD Cost” should always be followed by a second question: “Why do I want to get a PhD?” It’s important to consider the amount of money you’d be spending and consider whether it’s worth the investment. What else could you do with a quarter million dollars? Start a business? Buy a home? Feed the hungry?

Your reasons for getting a PhD are where you’ll find the answer to whether it’s worth the cost. If you’re confident your research could contribute to advances in developing a cure for cancer and you want to contribute what you can no matter the cost, it may be worth spending the money to get a PhD. If you’re deeply passionate about a certain subject and feel it’s your life purpose to ignite the same passion in young minds, getting a PhD may be the perfect choice for you.

But if you’re doing it to get a promotion or a better job, you might be better off looking into other options. In these cases, a PhD may not be worth the cost.

Steve Tippins

Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Learn more about his dissertation coaching and career coaching services. Book a Free Consultation with Steve Tippins

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• Tuition, Funding, & Living Costs
• PhD/Master's Application Process

All PhD students at Yale are fully funded. On average, doctoral students at Yale receive more than $500,000 in tuition fellowships, stipends, and health care benefits over the course of their enrollment. Some terminal Master's degree students also receive funding.

Tuition for full-time study at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in the academic year 2024-2025 is $49,500.

More information on Tuition & Fees is available in our Programs & Policies handbook. Please note that we do not charge many of the fees common to other schools (e.g., technology fee, library fee, gym fee, student activities fee).

See Student Accounts for billing and payment inquiries.

For PhD Degree Applicants

All PhD students at Yale receive the following financial award, typically for a minimum of five years:

• a fellowship that covers the full cost of tuition ($49,500 for 2024-2025)
• a 12-month stipend (minimum of $49,538 for 2024-2025)
• comprehensive health insurance, including hospitalization coverage and specialty care for students, their legal spouse, and their children
• a family support subsidy for graduate students with children under the age of 18

Additionally, a Dean's Emergency Fund is available to help students with eligible, unanticipated emergency expenses. In some cases, the Continuing Registration Fee for advanced PhD students is also covered by the Graduate School.

Most PhD students complete their degrees without incurring debt.

For Master's Degree Applicants

Most students pursuing Master's degrees do not receive financial support from the Graduate School and are responsible for paying tuition, but some programs offer limited funding. Please check with the program that interests you for more information.

All Master's students registered at least half time receive Student Basic Coverage at Yale Health. You are also eligible to purchase Hospitalization and Specialty Care coverage at a group rate through the university.

Other Sources of Funding

Many of our students win external fellowships and grants. See our External Fellowships & Awards page for more information on how an external award will affect your Yale funding.

Some students choose to take loans, participate in work-study programs, or engage in part-time employment to supplement their funding while in Graduate School. More information is available on Other Means of Financing Graduate Education .

Living Cost Estimates

To ensure that our financial aid package provides enough support to enable you to live in New Haven and study full time, we developed a cost-of-living guide (see below). The Office of Financial Aid also uses these calculations to determine financial need as required by certain funding sources and for immigration processes.

Estimated average living expenses include housing and food, transportation, personal and academic expenses (excluding tuition), and hospitalization coverage and specialty care. Expenses for doctoral students may actually be less than the estimate below, since PhD financial packages cover the full cost of single-student hospitalization and specialty care coverage in the Yale Health Plan, as well as half the cost of two-person coverage (for spouses and partners), and the full cost to cover children.

2024-2025 Academic Year Living Cost Estimate:

9-MONTH LIVING COST (Master's Students):

• Single Student: $30,875

12-MONTH LIVING COST (PhD Students):

• Single Student: $39,651  

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Financing Your Education - Doctoral Programs

A doctoral degree is a significant investment in your future, and financing your education is a critical factor to consider. While the funding we provide covers the basic standard cost of attendance determined by Stanford University for a modest life as a graduate student, accepting an offer from a doctoral program has significant personal, professional, and financial implications. Below you’ll find information on GSE and Stanford financial support for doctoral students, as well as other important considerations when it comes to financing your PhD.

Funding guarantee

Stanford GSE offers all admitted PhD students a five-year funding package that provides tuition aid, fellowship stipend, and assistantship salary which covers the standard cost of attendance. The funding is based on meeting the basic financial need of the student alone for the first five academic years of the doctoral program and entails assistantship work. The cornerstone of the GSE doctoral experience is the apprenticeship that all students undertake, typically under the guidance of their academic advisor, but often with other Stanford faculty as well. In this apprenticeship model, doctoral students are provided with a funding package that consists of opportunities to serve as teaching and research assistants for faculty members' courses and research projects. By this means, and in combination with the coursework, students are prepared to excel as university faculty, education researchers, and leaders in the field.

All funding is contingent upon satisfactory academic progress and performance on the research and teaching assistantships. There is no separate application for this funding.

Assistantships

As part of the academic and professional training and development, students undertake assistantships which provide both salary and tuition. Research assistantships are funded by faculty research grants, other faculty funds or as needed, by the GSE Dean’s Office, and can lead to joint publications with faculty or to dissertation topics. Students who have sufficient expertise and experience may also be selected as teaching assistants for courses at the GSE or other Stanford schools and departments. Assistantships are typically secured in consultation with faculty advisors. Students work 10 hours (25% assistantship) or 20 hours (50% assistantship) a week depending on their year in the program. 

• Research assistantship (RA): Various duties for research projects
• Teaching assistantships (3 types):
• Course Assistant (CA)—course preparation and grading
• Teaching Assistant (TA)—leads regularly-scheduled discussion sections
• Teaching Affiliate (TF)—full responsibility for course

Funding Details 2023-2024

Note: The above figures reflect 2023-2024 rates. Actual amounts will be adjusted to the rates for 2024-25 and future years.

Cost of attendance

Tuition depends on the units taken by the student. In addition to tuition expenses, the cost of attendance of a PhD program involves living expenses such as rent, food, and transportation. The sum of tuition and non-tuition expenses constitutes the standard cost of attendance. 

As you consider applying to graduate school, you can use the standard cost of attendance of your program —plus any additional expenses you might have—to create your financial plan, keeping in mind that tuition and non-tuition expenses of the standard cost of attendance are set by the university on an annual basis.

What you can do now to prepare financially if admitted

• Prepare for how your standard of living may change as a graduate student, especially if you are coming from a full-time job.
• Consider the length of your program, any dependents, existing debt, and additional financial commitments you may have. Students with children may review Stanford support programs for families.
• If you have personal or special circumstances that require additional expenses above and beyond the standard cost of attendance, plan accordingly.
• Start saving as much as you are able to cover any unexpected expenses you may incur while in graduate school.
• Familiarize yourself with federal as well as private student loans, their interest rates, fees, repayment options, deferment policies, and eligibility requirements, so that you are informed if you need to borrow.
• Be ready to cover all initial expenses, since fellowships and stipends will not be disbursed until a few weeks into your first quarter. Onboarding into a PhD program often requires up front out of pocket expenses for relocation.

Additional GSE resources

Once PhD students matriculate, the GSE has a variety of resources available to support academic work and unanticipated needs.

Students are eligible for up to three travel fellowships during their time at GSE if they are attending a conference or other professional development opportunity.

GSE Student Emergency Fund assists graduate students who experience a financial emergency or unanticipated expenses causing financial hardship. This fund is meant to support those who cannot reasonably resolve their financial difficulty through fellowships, loans, or personal resources. 

GSE Dissertation Support Grants help advanced PhD students who require additional financial support for dissertation research activities. These grants, available at up to $6,500 total per student, are available to students who do not have access to other funds to cover their dissertation costs.

Stanford University resources

Knight-Hennessy Scholars (KHS) program aims to prepare the next generation of global leaders to address the increasingly complex challenges facing the world. The program selects up to 100 students each year and provides three years of financial support that is integrated into the GSE’s funding package for PhD students.

Vice Provost for Graduate Education awards various fellowships for doctoral students and maintains a list of other Stanford fellowships that students may consider.

Cardinal Care subsidy is an automatic university-wide subsidy program for graduate students. Vaden Health Center manages the university’s Cardinal Care student health insurance.

Stanford Financial Aid Office oversees a number of financial support programs specifically for graduate students with challenging financial situations. 

Additional hourly work is available to students who wish to work for pay as "casual labor" at Stanford up to eight hours a week, provided work does not adversely affect the academic program. Requires approval from the student’s advisor and the Academic Services team.

Other funding sources

External fellowships are integrated into the GSE’s funding package. There are many funding opportunities offered outside of Stanford. The GSE admissions team has compiled an external fellowships and grants document for you to explore, though you should plan to do your own research as well. International students can find additional sources of funding on the Institute of International Education’s (IIE) Funding for U.S. Study website and this publication .

Stanford is committed to providing benefits through the Yellow Ribbon Program of the Post-9/11 GI Bill® to students in degree-seeking programs. GSE students who qualify for Chapter 33 benefits at the 100% level may be eligible for additional funding through the Yellow Ribbon Program. Please note that for GSE students receiving tuition fellowship funding, the Yellow Ribbon match may reduce and in some cases replace institutional grants and scholarships. For instructions, visit the page, Activate VA Education Benefits at Stanford .

International students are guaranteed the same funding package as domestic students. However, there may be restrictions regarding the number of hours and opportunities to work during the summer months. To learn more, please contact the Bechtel International Center .

To meet immigration regulations, international students must show proof of adequate financial support to cover the length of time of their graduate program. While international students are not eligible for U.S. federal loan programs, they may qualify for private/alternative loans. Many lenders, however, require that a U.S. citizen or permanent resident co-sign the loan. You can find information and tools to help you choose private loan programs most frequently used by Stanford students here. A comprehensive list of private loan programs is available at FinAid.org .

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PhD Program Costs

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Costs listed below reflect the 2024-2025 academic year.

Most of our PhD programs are fully funded, meaning that for 4-5 years, the program will pay for your tuition and fees, as well as provide you with a stipend. In 2024-25, the University minimum stipend is $39,425; some PhD programs provide more. After your guaranteed funding period, you may be responsible for paying reduced tuition and fees. These details can be explained by the PhD program to which you are applying. Living expenses and the cost of books should also be considered as you plan your budget for the academic year. 

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How Much Does It Cost To Get A PhD in USA?

• by Canice Silas

Are you intending to get a PhD degree in the USA? Have you considered factors such as the cost of tuition and living expenses? What are the financial implications of your choice of USA as a study destination ? How much does it cost to get a PhD in USA? The cost of tuition and living expenses for pursuing a PhD in the USA varies between $20,000 and $50,000 per year depending on the program, specialization, and the university.

Pursuing and completing a PhD can be expensive, especially in the USA. The cost of education for a USA doctoral degree will depend on many factors , including whether the program is public or private, the chosen course of study, the residency status of the student, and the length of the doctoral program.

As school tuition and associated costs increase year by year, it is helpful for potential international applicants to be aware of the costs they may face. This brought the question, “How much does it cost to get a PhD in the United States”?

Cost Analysis of Pursuing a PhD in the USA

The financial impact of earning a PhD in the United States is evident in the cost analysis, which encompasses tuition fees, living expenses, and potential debt. It is crucial to thoroughly evaluate all aspects when deciding to pursue a PhD in the USA, considering both the expenses and the potential future advantages of obtaining a doctorate from a prestigious institution in the USA.

Tuition Fees

The tuition fees for obtaining a PhD in the United States can differ substantially based on the specific university and academic program. Variations in tuition rates are often associated with the reputation and geographic location of the institution, with some universities offering more accessible options for PhD candidates. Additionally, the classification of the university – whether it is private, public in-state, or public out-of-state – also plays a significant role in determining the cost of tuition. The cost of tuition for PhD in the USA varies between $20,000 and $50,000 per year depending on the program, specialization, and the university.

Private Universities

The expense of obtaining a PhD at private universities in the United States can significantly differ based on the school and where it is located. The US National Center for Education Statistics reports that the average yearly tuition cost at private universities is approximately $26,621. However, this figure can be much greater at certain renowned institutions.

Public In-State Universities

Public universities in the United States are a more cost-effective choice for obtaining a PhD in comparison to private colleges. Tuition costs at these schools are generally lower, and there may be options for in-state residents to receive discounts. The US National Center for Education Statistics reports that the tuition and fees for in-state students come to $12,394, which is more than half the cost at private universities.

Public Out-of-State Universities

Out-of-state public universities in the United States provide a more cost-effective alternative to private universities, although they are pricier than in-state public universities due to the higher tuition rates for out-of-state students. Nevertheless, these universities remain a worthwhile option for those seeking to pursue a PhD.

In-state vs out-of-state

American universities do not apply the same distinction between international and domestic student fees as those in the UK. However, public universities do make a clear differentiation between students from within their state (in-state) and those from outside of it (out-of-state). This is because students from within the state receive some government subsidies for their education. As an international student, you will be charged the same tuition fee as a US student who resides out-of-state.

3. Living Expenses

Living costs may differ based on the university’s location and the student’s lifestyle. Major cities like New York or San Francisco have notably higher living expenses due to expensive housing and transportation. Furthermore, students living off-campus may also have added costs for utilities and groceries. Prospective PhD students should carefully consider these factors when budgeting for their doctorate program.

The aggregate expenses for living are determined by the combined costs of housing, transportation, utilities, food, health insurance, and other incidental expenses. This segment will offer an extensive analysis of each of these expenditures and their impact on the total cost of obtaining a PhD in the United States.

Accommodation

The cost of housing for PhD students in the USA varies greatly based on location and proximity to university campuses. Other factors to consider include on-campus housing availability, utility costs, roommates, parking fees, internet and cable, and furniture expenses. Rental prices should be researched, along with proximity to the university. The average cost for accommodation ranges from $500 to $2,500 per month and can change annually.

• On-campus accommodation – $450/month
• Off-campus accommodation – $600 – $3,000/month

The cost of feeding for PhD students in the USA can be significant, especially for those living on campus. Many students opt for meal plans offered by the university to save time and money. However, some may choose to cook their own meals as a more cost-effective option. The average cost of food per month for a college student is between $400 – $670 .

Transportation

The cost of transportation for PhD students in the USA varies by location and living situation. Common methods include public transport, biking, walking, and carpooling. On average, it costs $300 to $1,000 per month.

Health Insurance

Health insurance is a very important part of the funding package and is included for nearly all PhD students at most top programs in the U.S. Universities continue to subsidize student health insurance. However, it costs about $200 to $500 or more per month for a basic health insurance plan. Most universities require all students, both domestic and international, to have adequate health insurance.

Personal Expenses

Personal expenses such as clothing, sports, entertainment, lifestyle, and so on, can contribute to the major financial burden faced by International PhD students in the USA . This is because most students do not understand how to save money during a PhD . Apart from the above-listed living expenses, it is difficult to roughly calculate how much personal expenses should cost on average as it solely depends on individual PhD students.

However, a rough estimate can be made based on typical spending habits and lifestyle choices. For example, some PhD students may choose to live frugally and prioritize their studies, while others may indulge in dining out and entertainment, leading to varying personal expenses. Nevertheless, a budget of $500 to $5000 a month should be enough.

Additional Costs

Apart from tuition and fees, obtaining a PhD in the USA also requires payment for books, supplies, and research materials. These additional costs may encompass specialized software, conference travel, and publication fees. Other possible expenses include research materials and equipment, professional development workshops, and language certification exams.

Books and Supplies

The expenses for books and supplies differ depending on your academic discipline and whether you are enrolled in research seminars, classes, or working as a research or teaching assistant. These costs can also fluctuate significantly from year to year. While often overlooked, they still make a significant contribution to overall weekly and monthly expenses.

Research Expenses

The expenses associated with conducting research for a PhD program in the USA can differ greatly depending on the area of study and specific research requirements. For instance, students in scientific fields may have to allocate funds for laboratory equipment and materials. Conversely, students in the humanities may need funding for travel and archival research. The amount of money required for research expenses is most time not included when students seek to find out how much it costs to study PhD in the USA

Application Fees

The cost of applying to PhD programs in the United States can differ greatly depending on the specific university and program. On average, applicants can expect to pay between $50 and $100 in application fees, but some universities may require fees of $150 or even higher. It’s worth noting that certain programs may have higher fees than others, which can affect the total cost of earning a PhD.

Examination Fees

The cost of pursuing a PhD in the United States can differ significantly based on the university and program. While some universities have a standard fee for all PhD programs, others may have separate fees for each program. The examination fees can range from a few hundred dollars to more than a thousand dollars, depending on the university and program.

Financial Aids

#1. research assistantships.

Research assistantships for PhD students in the USA provide practical experience and financial support. Responsibilities include working with faculty, conducting independent research, literature review, data analysis, reporting results, writing research papers, and tuition remission plus a $20,000-$35,000 stipend annually.

#2. Teaching Assistantships

Assisting with teaching gives graduate students practical experience and helps with the expenses of getting a PhD in the USA. Many graduate students need these positions to pay for tuition and living costs while pursuing their doctorate. Teaching assistants usually receive comparable tuition benefits and a stipend of $18,000-$30,000 for teaching undergraduate classes.

#3. Fellowships

Fellowships are crucial in offering financial support to doctoral students pursuing their PhD in the United States. Many universities offer fellowship programs that often cover tuition and living expenses, and may also include research or teaching opportunities. Ultimately, fellowships help alleviate the financial burden of pursuing a PhD. Some of the leading fellowship funding options for PhD students in the USA are:

National Science Foundation:

The National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program is a well-established federal grant program for highly skilled graduate students in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in the United States. It provides recipients with the opportunity to pursue a fully-funded PhD. Notably, more than 40 Nobel laureates are among the program’s past recipients. Over three years, the GRFP offers financial benefits including an annual stipend of $37,000 and a tuition fee allowance of $12,000 (paid directly to the university).

See the Full List of Fellowships

A possible means of financial support for individuals pursuing a doctoral degree in the United States is through grants provided by both governmental entities and private institutions. These grants are intended to cover the cost of tuition, research expenditures, and living expenses for students enrolled in doctoral programs. Certain grants may necessitate that recipients engage in research within a designated area of study or contribute to a specific project.

Scholarships

Scholarships are essential for lessening the financial strain of earning a PhD in the United States. Numerous universities provide merit-based scholarships designed specifically for doctoral candidates, which can help with tuition, living expenses, and research costs. External organizations and foundations also offer financial assistance through scholarships. By making the pursuit of a PhD more attainable, scholarships benefit a greater diversity of students.

University-Specific Scholarships

Many universities in the United States offer specific scholarships for doctoral students to lessen the financial strain of earning a PhD. These scholarships can cover tuition, fees, and living expenses, and may also include assistantships for research or teaching. These scholarships are customized to each student’s needs and accomplishments, providing substantial financial assistance and acknowledging academic excellence.

External Scholarships

These scholarships can ease the financial challenges that often accompany PhD degree programs. Eligibility for these scholarships often involves meeting specific criteria and requirements. Notable external scholarships for PhD students in the United States include the Fulbright Scholarship, the Ford Foundation Fellowship, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. These scholarships cover tuition, living expenses, and research fees.

Strategies for Managing and Minimizing Costs

The following are strategies that may be used to manage and minimize the cost of pursuing a PhD program in the USA: You may elect to enroll in a PhD program at a research institution that offers tuition remission or offers a Graduate Student Assistantship Program in which the students perform supervised research work and are compensated with a stipend and tuition remission.

1. Budgeting and Financial Planning

When evaluating the expenses associated with obtaining a PhD in the United States, it is crucial to meticulously plan and allocate the necessary funds. This involves exploring financial assistance alternatives, seeking out scholarships and grants, and developing a practical monthly budget to address living costs. By dedicating the effort to establish a thorough financial strategy, students can gain a clearer understanding of the actual cost of their education and make well-informed choices regarding their academic endeavors.

2. Part-Time Work Opportunities

Due to the expensive nature of obtaining a PhD in the USA, students must consider part-time job options to ease the financial strain. One potential option is working as a teaching or research assistant within their department, which not only offers valuable experience but also helps with tuition costs. Another option is to seek on-campus employment in places like the library or student center. Students can explore off-campus opportunities such as tutoring or freelancing within their field of expertise.

Choosing to pursue a PhD in the USA should be made with careful consideration of the potential financial impact and a comprehensive understanding of the potential return on investment in terms of career opportunities and earning potential. While the cost of pursuing a PhD in the USA can be significant, the potential benefits in terms of career advancement and earning potential justify it as a worthwhile investment for many individuals. Overall, a thorough cost analysis is crucial for those contemplating a PhD program in the USA.

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Canice Silas

Canice U. Silas is a dedicated scholar who has channeled the last 20 years of his life to various forms of scholastic pursuits. He holds a BSC in Industrial Chemistry and a master's degree in Inorganic Chemistry from the prestigious Imo State University, Owerri. Mr Silas is set to complete his PhD in Inorganic Chemistry within the next six months. Passionate about the classroom from his elementary school days, Mr Silas grabbed the first opportunity that came his way at the Imo State University where he worked as A. A and currently K. O. Mbadiwe University, as a lecturer and as well has been into educational consulting for thousands of students across various tertiary institutions in the world.

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Do PhD Students Pay Tuition? Unpacking the Cost of a PhD

Choosing to pursue a PhD is a major milestone, but it comes with a host of concerns and questions. As a prospective doctoral student, you might wonder if you pay tuition for a PhD and how much that will cost.

In many cases, the answer is no, PhD students do not pay tuition. Instead, universities often provide their doctoral students with tuition waivers and funding packages to carry them through their years of study. 

However, it's important to bear in mind that this isn't always the case and the specifics can vary greatly. Navigating PhD funding can seem daunting at first, but understanding how tuition, stipends and other sources affect the out-of-pocket cost of a PhD can help you feel more confident in your decision.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Contrary to popular belief, the costs of a PhD program aren't set in stone. Factors like the institution, geographic location, field of study and funding support all play a role in how much you’ll actually pay for a doctoral program. Depending on your field, some PhD programs pay you . 

To give you a clearer picture, let's break down expenses and potential support.

Tuition and Fees

Tuition and fees are typically the most substantial expense. How much you pay depends on the institution offering the program and the field of study you choose. According to the Education Data Initiative , the average cost of a PhD specifically is $106,860, while the average cost of a doctorate degree in general is higher at $150,835.

You can expect a lower cost at public institutions ($93,670 on average) compared to private universities ($129,395 on average). Considering the time to complete a doctorate degree ranges from approximately 4 to 8 years, the duration of your studies can influence the total price.

While figures like this seem substantial, it's important to remember that scholarships, grants, fellowships and assistantships significantly reduce the out-of-pocket expenses for most PhD students. For instance, the average grant aid for a doctoral degree is $16,502 annually, and 21.4% of PhD students surveyed by the Education Data Initiative offset their costs with teaching assistantships. 

As a result, actual paid expenses are often much lower than the listed tuition and fees.

Books and Materials

The cost of study materials, including textbooks and research supplies, varies depending on the specific requirements of your field of study.

For example, PhD students in Earth Sciences or Chemistry might need to invest in lab equipment and materials, while students in Humanities may require numerous books and subscriptions to academic journals.

However, it's essential to note that many programs provide funding resources that help offset or eliminate these costs. Universities often offer subsidies or funds for research materials, and there are numerous grants and scholarships specific to different fields of study. Libraries and interlibrary loan systems can also be a valuable resource for accessing required books and academic journals.

Healthcare and Living 

Cost of living and healthcare can vary greatly depending on your circumstances and location. Major cities, for example, tend to have higher living costs than smaller towns or rural areas. 

The higher expenses in cities often correlate with increased access to resources, research opportunities and a wide variety of entertainment and lifestyle choices. On the other hand, smaller towns or rural areas might offer lower cost of living and fewer distractions but may limit access to extensive resources or opportunities.

Luckily, many universities offer annual stipends as part of their financial aid packages for PhD students. These stipends are designed to help you manage your living and healthcare expenses, allowing you to concentrate on your studies and research. Some universities may also provide budget-friendly on-campus housing options to help mitigate overall costs. 

Navigating the Financial Landscape of a PhD

The path to earning a PhD isn't just an academic journey, but a financial one too. While it's true that in many cases, PhD students don't pay tuition, it's crucial to understand that it’s ultimately variable depending on where and what you choose to study. Financial aid packages and stipends can be a substantial help, providing relief to both domestic and international students.

At the Moody School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, we pride ourselves in providing an environment that fosters academic excellence, research innovation and professional development. With the generous support of the Moody Foundation, we have expanded our funding opportunities, enabling a diverse range of talented students to become part of our community.

Our suite of financial resources, including fellowships, assistantships, and travel grants, aim to facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations and reduce financial barriers. By helping our students focus on their academic and research pursuits, we build a vibrant, diverse, and inclusive environment that sets the stage for future leaders to thrive.

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Graduate Education

The real cost of grad school in the us, nearly everyone gets funding, but the financial demands of getting a phd can catch some off guard, by wynne parry, special to c&en, november 2, 2021 | a version of this story appeared in volume 99, issue 41.

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Graduate school has a reputation of being difficult, but when Nyesa Enakaya moved to Washington, DC, to start her PhD in chemistry at Howard University, she found the pressures were more than academic. Nearly all chemistry PhD programs come with a guaranteed income, but for some students, the money goes only so far.

Enakaya started in a stronger position than many. Not only was she debt-free, but she had savings, and with her parents’ help she made a down payment on a condo near her new institution. Together, her monthly mortgage and homeowners’ association (HOA) fees cost less than renting in the area. This arrangement will also make it possible for her to sell when she graduates.

Her 9-month teaching assistant’s salary of $20,000 sounded like a lot at first, even though it’s less than the average chemistry stipend of $26,000. But as her first school year began, it became clear that her monthly paychecks amounted to roughly the same amount as her mortgage, HOA fees, and utility costs. She had little to nothing left over for all the expenses that typically accompany graduate school, such as health insurance, fees charged by the school, and, of course, food, let alone anything unexpected.

“I just saw my bank account draining,” says Enakaya, now in her fifth year at Howard. “I wasn’t making enough money to support myself, and I was losing all of my savings.”

In chemistry and closely related fields, PhD students almost always receive financial support to cover the cost of their tuition and their living expenses. That’s not true of those in chemistry master’s programs or many who pursue degrees in other areas, such as the humanities and medicine, for which funding is much less consistent. Even so, PhD student stipends in chemistry are never lavish.

While many manage just fine, others quickly learn that their stipends cover much less than they expect or need. Routine costs, including taxes and health insurance, add up quickly. A high cost of living, as in a place like the District of Columbia, undergraduate debt, and unforeseen expenses can all contribute to a financial shortfall and the stress and frustration that accompany it.

However, not everyone struggles. Overall, funding appears to meet students’ needs more often than not. In an American Chemical Society survey conducted in 2019, 62% of US graduate students in the chemical sciences said their financial support was adequate, a decrease of roughly 7 percentage points from 2013.

Amrit Venkatesh says the financial package for his chemistry PhD at Iowa State University, which included a stipend that reached $26,600, seemed reasonably well matched to the cost of living in Ames, Iowa. “I would definitely not call it underpaid,” he says.

After he finished his master’s degree in his native India, Venkatesh at first didn’t seriously consider going to the US for a PhD. He wanted to take time to consider his options, and he assumed that programs in the US would be too expensive for him to afford. After deciding to pursue a PhD in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, he began looking for a strong program. In the process, he learned that the school that would become his top pick, Iowa State, offered a stipend that he believed he could live on. “I only applied after I was convinced I could make it work,” he says.

Tips from experts and grad students

Before starting a PhD program

Talk to current or recent grad students

When undergraduates give Sarah Goh, a professor of chemistry at Williams College, lists of programs that interest them, she connects them with Williams alums. “I will say, OK, so email these six people and ask them what the program is like and what their life is like.”

Learn about loans

Payments on many, but not all, student loans can be deferred while you’re in graduate school. Federally subsidized loans are the only ones that won’t accrue interest while you are in a grad program, says Ryan Stuart, a family life and finance educator at Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Compared with undergrads, grad students pay higher interest rates and are more likely to encounter lifetime borrowing limits.

Ask yourself whether you can afford to live there

When you are close to selecting a program, draft a detailed budget tailored to your individual needs and the local cost of living, says Emily Roberts, owner of Personal Finance for PhDs. As part of your research, ask current students if the stipend is livable, she says.

Prepare yourself

Before you start your program, Roberts recommends paying down any credit card or other debt and establishing a cash reserve to keep you afloat, in case it takes some time to get your first paycheck. If you anticipate needing additional income and think you’ll have the time, energy, and freedom, she recommends establishing a side job before you start your program.

Talk to fellow grad students

Your colleagues are the “biggest encyclopedia for budgeting finances,” says Katie Johnson, a recent PhD graduate from the University of Nevada, Reno. “The graduate students that have been there for 2, 3, 4 years, they already know how to do it,” she says. Not only do other students know where to find the cheapest rent and phone bill, but they also may become your roommates.

Make a spending plan (aka budget)

“There is literally no way to figure out if you can survive on any amount of income if you don’t have a plan in place,” says Stuart, who finds that people are generally more receptive to the prospect of making a “plan” versus a “budget.” He recommends using PowerPay’s free online planning tools.

Rightsize your housing

Financial experts typically recommend spending no more than 30% of your monthly income on housing. If that share creeps up much higher, “that is a big red warning flag that you need to do the best you absolutely can to downgrade your housing costs,” Roberts says. That can mean getting a roommate or moving, if feasible.

Establish an emergency fund

Whether it’s a car accident or a last-minute trip home, unexpected expenses come up. Stuart recommends that students put aside at least $400 just in case. If you can manage $1,000, all the better; if not, aim to build up to that amount. Once you have a more regular, stable income, try to set aside 3 to 6 months’ worth of expenses, he says.

Start saving now

You may have a hard time imagining retirement right now, but Stuart and others recommend that you start putting something aside for it. Thanks to compounding interest, “even little amounts over longer periods of time are going to be much higher in the long run,” he says.

While US chemistry graduate students can receive funding from a number of sources, for most students, the institution where they study provides a stipend as compensation for teaching or research. To keep students focused, some institutions discourage or even forbid them from taking on outside jobs.

On average, US schools pay $26,814 for doctoral students working as research assistants and $26,082 for their counterparts working as teaching assistants, according to another ACS survey in 2019, this one of chemistry programs. These numbers, however, obscure enormous variation between both programs and students, who sometimes receive funding from additional sources, such as certain fellowships.

In spring 2014, after struggling to find accurate and up-to-date stipend information online, Emily Roberts launched the PhD Stipend Survey , which now has almost 11,000 entries. The results aren’t perfect—a few entries list unbelievably high amounts—but the survey is the closest thing to a clearinghouse for PhD stipends.

Roberts, who holds a PhD in biomedical engineering, cautions that a dollar amount on its own is meaningless. “Without putting that stipend in the context of the local cost of living, you really don’t yet have any idea of whether that stipend can pay even for basic living expenses,” says Roberts, now the owner of Personal Finance for PhDs .

To account for the cost of living, her survey uses data from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Living Wage Calculator for a single person with no dependents to calculate a living-wage ratio. A ratio less than 1 raises “a red flag,” Roberts says.

Housing, in particular, can strangle students’ finances. The high cost of living near the University of California, Santa Cruz, drove graduate students at this institution to strike in December 2019. They demanded a $1,412 per month raise, an increase they calculated would allow students to spend less than 30% of their pretax income on rent, the proportion recommended by financial experts.

On July 1 of this year, Connor Brandenburg, an organic chemistry student at UC San Diego, got a raise that brought his finances nearly in line with this rule. After his department increased students’ stipends from $31,000 to $34,000 per year, his rent—$897 a month for a studio in university-run housing—accounted for about 32% of his pretax income.

But, within a year and a half, this share may grow substantially. In April 2023, he will have exhausted the 2 years of on-campus housing the university allotted him as a graduate student. Off-campus rents for a comparable studio can run up to $1,700, Brandenburg says, so he’s planning to downgrade.

“I’m 24. I don’t necessarily want to share a room with someone anymore, [but] financially, that may be my only option,” he says.

In addition to rent, graduate students face an expense familiar to undergraduates: fees, which some institutions levy separately from tuition. Like so much else, fees can vary considerably between schools.

This fall, the bill for graduate students at the Georgia Institute of Technology amounted to as much as $1,097 for 10 fees , which include money to fund student organizations, transportation services on campus, and a general-purpose “special institutional” fee.

Most of these charges are recommended by the school’s president and set by the Board of Regents for the University System of Georgia, which includes Georgia Tech. The largest of these fees, the special institutional fee, is an exception. The board instituted it in 2009, at first temporarily, to compensate for state budget cuts. But funding reductions remained in place and so did the fee, growing from $100 to $344 for graduate students.

While Georgia taxpayers may benefit from this shift, the accumulating fees make a difficult situation worse for Krista Bullard, a fifth-year PhD student in chemistry and biochemistry at Georgia Tech. Through a fellowship at the school’s Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Bullard earns $29,000 a year, an amount that she has found doesn’t match the cost of living in Atlanta.

“I have my parents’ car. They pay my car insurance; they pay for my phone,” she says. “I don’t think I could do it on my own.”

Like many other students, she has loans from her undergraduate degree, which add to the financial pressure. The end may be in sight, however, because she plans to graduate in May.

“I’m really pushing for that, mostly because I really can’t afford to stay any longer,” she says.

Fees typically don’t include another common cost: health insurance. Some institutions, including Georgia Tech, require students to purchase plans offered through the school or prove they have comparable coverage. But some programs provide free coverage.

Roughly a year after finishing his PhD, Venkatesh says his financial experience turned out “about the same as what I expected.” That doesn’t mean it was easy. Like many other students, he made the money work through a combination of hard work, self-discipline, and, on occasion, painful trade-offs.

After moving from India, Venkatesh faced a distinct set of financial challenges: he needed to send money back home to his family and, after he got married at the end of his first year, to support his wife, whose visa restrictions severely limited her options for earning income in the US. Tight finances, as well as the demanding work culture of American academia, contributed to the most difficult part of his entire PhD experience: traveling home only twice.

Together, he and his wife carefully managed their money, and Venkatesh figured out a way to supplement his stipend. While at Iowa State, he earned a series of academic honors—fellowships, scholarships, and a prize for research publications—that brought in between $1,000 and $10,000 after each year of his program.

“I have seen graduate students who manage the stipend significantly better than even I did,” he says. “But there were also students who might say the exact opposite, who were really struggling from month to month.”

In contrast, Enakaya’s expectations of living on her stipend evaporated after she started her program at Howard. At first she made do by using her savings and credit cards. She also found work tutoring and teaching, as well as paid summer internships, and her adviser provides her with some additional funding for her research. Her success lining up outside income, however, has come at a cost.

Over the most recent summer, for example, she interned at Brookhaven National Laboratory while teaching biochemistry and a Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) prep course virtually. For 12 weeks, this arrangement kept her away from her research lab at Howard, where she had originally intended to focus her time and energy.

“Going into Howard, I truly didn’t believe that I would have to be taking internships, that I would have to be getting extra jobs,” she says.

The financial prospects for future Howard students may improve, at least to a degree. By 2023, the university plans to increase the 9-month teaching assistant stipend in chemistry and other departments by 20%, to $24,000, according to Dana Williams, dean of Howard’s Graduate School. This decision was based on the cost of living in the DC area, she says in an email.

Others besides teaching assistants may benefit too. Although funded by faculty members’ grants, research assistant stipends match those of teaching assistants and will likely increase too, according to Hua Zhao, the chair of Howard’s Chemistry Department.

The raise would bring Howard’s stipend more in line, although not quite on par, with funding offered to PhD students in chemistry at other DC institutions. Georgetown University and George Washington University both offer full-year support, versus Howard’s 9 months, of more than $35,000.

Looking back, Enakaya says that even if she had fully understood the financial picture, and the prospect of a larger stipend elsewhere, she would not have reconsidered her decision to go to Howard.

“I wanted to go to an HBCU [historically Black college or university]. I want to be surrounded by people that I know support and love me and really want to help me grow not just as a chemist, but as a Black chemist,” she says. “I want to learn from the faculty here, because they’ve had similar stories and similar experiences as me.”

When told her scramble to make the money work sounded stressful, Enakaya says: “Graduate school is stressful. We make it work. We definitely make it work.”

Wynne Parry is a freelance writer based in the greater Philadelphia area. This article is copublished in inChemistry magazine in partnership with ACS Education.

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PhD in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & Salaries

Jasmine Grover

Content Strategy Manager | Updated On - Apr 30, 2024

You must show your English proficiency by submitting scores for IELTS (7 to 7.5) and TOEFL (90 to 100).  When pursuing your PhD in USA, you've got 10 years to wrap up your thesis even though the program is 6 years. The cost of a PhD in the USA can vary quite a bit, ranging from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 20.6 Lakhs to 66.9 Lakhs) . Though it can be costly, a PhD in USA offers a great return on investment as you can earn salaries ranging from USD 59,506 to USD 92,179 .

Some  top universities to aim for your PhD in the USA are MIT, Harvard University, Stanford University, and University of California, Berkeley. With a doctorate in hand, you can easily get a job at top-notch companies like Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, and more. 

PhD in USA: Program Highlights

Top Universities for PhD in USA

When it comes to pursuing a PhD in USA, there's no shortage of top-notch universities to choose from. Here are a few universities that consistently rank high and offer exceptional programs:

Why study PhD in USA?

Studying for a PhD in the USA is a top choice for many aspiring scholars. Here's why pursuing your doctoral studies in USA might be the best choice:

• PhD in USA is offered by well-ranked and globally accredited universities such as Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. 
• You don't need to spend years working on a master's degree before you can pursue PhD in USA. Some universities in USA offer admission to the PhD program right after bachelor's.
• USA universities offer PhD students generous stipends, scholarships, and fellowships, covering tuition fees and living costs.
• The USA boasts a lower unemployment rate of only 3.9% compared to many other countries.
• Over 280 universities in USA offer PhD programs for engineering, business, arts, or sciences.

The USA is a global innovation, technology, finance, and entertainment powerhouse. Whether you dream of working in Silicon Valley, Wall Street, or Hollywood, studying in the US puts you right in the middle of some of the world's most exciting hubs of opportunity.

So, if you're ready to take your academic journey to the next level and set yourself up for success, a PhD in the USA could be the right choice.

Popular PhD in USA Programs for Indian Students

Some popular programs of PhD in USA for Indian students:-

Course Curriculum

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in USA is a popular degree sought after by many international students. It is considered the highest academic achievement in most fields of study. The PhD program in the USA consists of three main phases:

• Coursework Phase: Involves advanced courses over 1 to 3 years to build foundational knowledge and research skills.
• Preliminary Examination : Assess students' breadth of knowledge in their field after completing coursework.
• Dissertation Phase : Lasts 2 to 8 years for independent research, culminating in a written dissertation.

The duration of the PhD program varies depending on the field of study and the student's academic background. On average, it takes 4 to 8 years to complete a PhD program after obtaining a bachelor's degree. However, students who already hold a master's degree may complete the program in a year or two less, depending on their prior coursework and research experience.

PhD in USA Admission

Admission to most universities in the USA remains open during December and January. Students must submit applications before the deadlines are passed. You can go through the sections below to check the eligibility criteria and other requirements for PhD in USA.

PhD in USA: Eligibility Criteria

As the entry requirements vary within the field of study, it becomes very difficult to group this data into a piece of the overall information. However, the following eligibility criteria are followed by a majority PhD universities in USA:-

• 4-year Bachelor’s degree or Master’s degree
• A minimum GPA of 3 out of 4.
• 2 academic and 1 professional Letter of Recommendation (LOR)
• A 500-750 word Statement of Purpose (SoP)
• Updated Resume or CV
• A valid passport
• F-1 or J-1 US Student Visa
• Valid Passport
• Student Visa

PhD in USA: University Requirements

To get admission to PhD programs in the USA, students must have a minimum GPA of 2.7 to 3.9 based on various universities. Students must also have English language proficiency scores of IELTSand TOEFL. The various requirements for PhD admission in USA in some of the popular universities are tabulated as follows:-

Cost of PhD in USA

Students who wish to get admission to PhD courses in the USA must have enough funds to support their studies in the USA. Based on various top universities offering PhD courses, the total cost of study in the USA is around USD 70,573 to 1,26,163 (INR 58.47 lakhs to 10.45 million) including tuition fees and living costs.

PhD in USA Tuition Fee

The cost of PhD in USA varies with the specialisation or the preferred field of study. However, on average, the annual tuition fees range from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 2.05 to 66.66 lakhs). The following table presents the university-wise distribution of the average tuition costs for opting PhD in USA:-

Cost of Living in USA

USA is the most popular as well as the costliest study abroad destination for PhD in USA as well as other programs. This corresponds to the quality of education, safety, ambience, and health services the country offers. Based on some of the top universities in the USA, students admitted to PhD courses will face an average living cost of USD 45,773 (INR 37.92 lakhs) based on various parameters mentioned below.

PhD in USA with Scholarship

At Universities in the USA, students are offered various scholarships and fellowships allowing students to ease their financial burden. You can check various fellowships offered by US universities in the table below.

Also Check : Education Loans to Study in USA

PhD in USA Placements

After completing the Ph.D. program at Universities in the USA, students are offered various job profiles based on their field of study and research. The average salary offered for various job profiles listed below ranges from USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs).

PhD in USA: Return on Investment

After completing the PhD programs in the USA, students are placed in various sectors. Graduates from US Universities receive an annual average salary ranging from USD 65,070 to 1,75,090 based on various top universities as mentioned below.

The availability of stipends, scholarships, and fellowships allows students to pursue a PhD in USA without any financial pressure. With an unemployability rate of just 3.9%, the USA allows graduates to work in their core fields after completing the Ph.D. programs. Companies like Apple, Amazon, CISCO, Microsoft, etc. offer students a salary range of USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs) based on different job profiles. 

Ques. How much does PhD cost in USA?

Ans. The cost of studying PhD in USA includes tuition costs and living costs as mentioned below.

• Tuition cost for PhD in USA ranges from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 2.05 to 66.66 lakhs)
• Living costs for PhD in USA is around USD 45,773 (INR 37.92 lakhs).

Ques. How many years is PhD in USA?

Ans. Students enrolled in US universities have 10 years to complete their doctoral thesis, even though the course duration is 6 years .

Ques. What is the eligibility for PhD in USA?

Ans. To pursue PhD in USA, you must fulfil the below requirements.

• Students must have a bachelors or masters degree in relevant field.
• Students must have secured a GPA 2.7 to 3.9 on a scale of 4 (80-94%).
• Students must have valid scores of IELTS 7.0-7.5, TOEFL 90-100, etc.

Furthermore, for some of the specialisations, candidates will be required to submit GMAT or GRE scores.

Ques. Can I work while pursuing a PhD in USA?

Ans. Individuals pursuing a PhD in USA are allowed to work for a maximum of 20 hours per week on a part-time basis. They may start full-time working during vacations or holidays.

Ques. What are the top PhD programs to study in USA?

Ans. The following are some of the popular streams for pursuing a PhD in USA:-

• Engineering
• Biological Sciences

Ques. What can I do after completing a PhD in USA?

Ans. After pursuing a Ph.D. program in USA candidates may work under the following job profiles:-

• Research Scientist
• Data Analyst
• Assistant Research Engineer
• Teaching Assistant Professor
• Field Biologist
• Economist, etc.

Ques. Is post graduation necessary for pursuing PhD in USA?

Ans. For a majority of institutions, post graduation or a Master’s degree is not required for studying PhD in USA. Only an undergraduate degree with at least a 3.0 GPA (85%) is sufficient for applying to these colleges.

Ques. What is the salary after PhD in USA?

Ans. Graduates of PhD programs in USA can earn an impressive average annual salary ranging from USD 55,200 to USD 101,100 (INR 45.5 Lakhs to INR 83.4 Lakhs).

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Estimated Expense Budget

Main navigation, graduate tuition, 2024-25, three academic quarters of graduate tuition.

Full-time enrollment may be considered 8-10 units per quarter or 11 or more units per quarter depending on the type of financial support and the program.

2024-25 Average Graduate Student Expense Budget

Child Care:  Costs can range from $1,000 - $3,000 per month (or more).

Living Costs for Spouse:  $12,000 (9 months); $16,000 (12 months).

Living Costs for Children:  $3,000 (9 months); $4,000 (12 months).

Medical Insurance for Spouse and/or Children:  See the  Vaden Health Center  web site or contact the Insurance Office at (650) 723-2135 or email  [email protected] .

Taxation:  Fellowship stipends and assistantship salaries are subject to taxation. This tax liability should be included in budget planning.

Tuition, Fees, and Ph.D. Stipends

NOTE: All numbers below require annual approval by the Board of Trustees

Last updated August 27, 2024

PDF version

View full cost to attend . 

  * - Projected rates for tuition, fees, and stipends are tentative and subject to change.

** - For longer term projections, the tuition remission rate can be assumed to increase 0.7% per year.

*** - Teaching assistant and grader rates are established by the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences.

How Much Stipend For PhD In USA? Top Universities That Offer The Highest PhD Stipend

If you are here, chances are you are exploring universities that offer the highest PhD stipends in the USA. Well, you are at the right place. Well, how much stipend for PhD in USA today?

Highest PhD stipend in USA may be in universities like Princeton, Stanford, or Cornell. The average PhD stipend from these universities are around $45,000.

This article delves into the question how much stipend for PhD in USA. It looks into institutions that not only prioritise research and education but also ensure their students are well-supported financially.

From Stanford’s impressive stipends to the competitive packages at Princeton, we uncover the top universities with the highest PhD student in USA.

How Much Stipend For PhD In USA

Which Universities Offer The Highest Phd Stipend In USA?

Stipends can help easy the journey of many PhD students, and here are the highest paying PhD stipends in the USA:

Stanford: At Stanford University, PhD students are at the top, with a whopping $45,850 stipend, the highest PhD stipend, making it a dream for many. This hefty sum covers not just tuition but also living, a critical factor in places with a high cost of living.

Princeton: Princeton University isn’t far behind, offering its graduate students between $47,880 to $50,400 . The university sweetens the deal with a full stipend paid in August for new students, setting a high bar for PhD stipends in the United States.

South Carolina: The University of South Carolina offers a different kind of allure with a minimum stipend of $34,000. This amount, boosted by a “Provost Fellowship Top Off,” brings the total to at least $36,000. For students pursuing a PhD, this financial aid is significant, especially when considering the cost of living in South Carolina compared to more expensive states.

Rice: Rice University present compelling options with their departmental stipends and fellowship packages. Rice offers up to $40,000 a year.

Houston:  University of Houston provides a substantial $31,000, coupled with a Graduate Tuition Fellowship, enhancing the value of the stipend further.

Ohio: Ohio University stands out for its generosity, surpassing many with diverse assistantships that include a full tuition waiver and a stipend, showcasing the range of stipends available to PhD students in the United States.

Boston: Boston University guarantees a package that includes a stipend, tuition scholarship, and health insurance credit, adjusting the stipend amount based on the program and academic year.

Cornell: Cornell University demonstrates its commitment to graduate education with an 8% increase in graduate assistantship and  stipends, ensuring students receive competitive financial support.

These universities not only offer some of the highest PhD stipends but also ensure that the stipends do justice to the living costs, making them the best universities for prospective PhD candidates to consider.

Types Of PhD Stipends Paid To PhD Students In USA

PhD stipends come in various forms, depending on the source of funding, the country, and the specific field of study.

University Stipends

One common type is university or departmental stipends, which are provided by the institution itself. These stipends are often tied to either teaching or research assistantships, where students are required to perform tasks such as conducting research or teaching undergraduate courses.

In exchange, they receive a monthly or annual living allowance, and in many cases, their tuition is also waived. This is a typical funding model in many universities worldwide.

Government-Funded Stipends

Government-funded stipends are another significant source of financial support for PhD students. Many governments, through grants or research councils, provide funding to support doctoral studies in areas of national interest, particularly in STEM fields. Examples of these include the:

• National Science Foundation (NSF) in the US,
• Research Councils UK (RCUK), and
• Australian Research Council (ARC).

These stipends are often tied to specific research projects or priorities set by the government, and they may come with a competitive application process.

Research Assistantships

Research assistantships (RAs) are another common form of funding, particularly in fields like engineering and the natural sciences.

These stipends are funded through research grants that professors receive for specific projects.

As research assistants, students work closely with faculty members on these projects, and in return, they receive a stipend that often includes a tuition waiver. Similarly, teaching assistantships (TAs) are funded by the university and involve students assisting with teaching duties, such as:

• running labs, and
• holding office hours. 

In exchange, they receive a stipend, which may also cover tuition costs.

Industry Partnerships

Some PhD programs are funded through industry partnerships, where companies provide stipends to students working on research projects relevant to their business interests.

In fields like biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and engineering, this industry-funded model allows students to conduct research while gaining practical experience with corporate partners.

These stipends often come with expectations that the student will spend time working at the company or contributing to specific projects of interest to the organization.

Are These Stipends Enough To Pay For Cost Of Living?

Generally stipends are offered to assist PhD students manage their living costs, while being able to focus on their study and research work.

But here’s the catch. Even the highest PhD stipend may not stretch as far as you’d hope in cities where the cost of living is sky-high.

Rent, groceries, and other living expenses can quickly eat into your stipend, making financial management a crucial skill for PhD students.

The story changes a bit when you look at universities in areas with a lower cost of living. The University of South Carolina, for instance, offers a minimum stipend of $34,000, which goes further in a less expensive city.

For many PhD students, the stipend is just part of the financial puzzle. Teaching assistantships, research assistantships, and external fellowships can supplement your income, but these come with their own commitments and pressures.

And remember, that stipend isn’t just for living expenses. It often needs to cover:

• student feess,
• health insurance,
• and sometimes even a portion of your tuition.

So, are PhD stipends enough? It really depends on where you’re studying and how you manage your finances. While some students find their stipends sufficient, others juggle additional jobs or seek external funding to make ends meet.

It’s a delicate balance, one that prospective PhD candidates should consider carefully before diving into their doctoral studies.

Can International Students Get PhD Stipends In The US?

For international students dreaming of a PhD in the US, the question of funding is crucial. You might wonder, “Can I get a stipend too?”

The good news is, yes, international students are often eligible for PhD stipends just like their US counterparts.

In fact, universities like Stanford and Princeton offer substantial stipends, with amounts that aim to cover living expenses and sometimes more.

These stipends are part of fellowship packages, which means they’re not tied to teaching or research assistantships, offering more freedom for your studies.

But here’s something you might not know. The value of the stipend can greatly depend on your department and research area. Some departments offer higher stipends based on the availability of funds and the nature of the research.

Also, the cost of living can vary widely across the US, so a stipend that is generous in one city might be just enough to get by in another.

International PhD candidates often worry about additional costs like:

• health insurance
• tuition fees, and
• travelling home.

Many US universities cover these expenses as part of the stipend package, easing the financial burden on students.

So, if you’re an international student looking to pursue a PhD in the US, rest assured that stipends are within reach. But, it’s wise to research and understand the stipend amount, what it covers, and how it stacks up against the living costs in your chosen city.

Can PhD Students Get Stipends Outside Of USA?

When you look beyond the US for PhD programs, you’ll find some attractive stipends that make the academic journey more viable.

For example, Norway and Denmark shine with stipends around $55,000, setting a high standard for supporting PhD candidates.

This level of financial aid is not just about covering tuition but ensuring that living expenses don’t become a burden. It’s a model that some of the best universities around the globe are starting to follow.

In countries like these, the stipend for PhD students does more than just cover the basics. It respects the fact that these students are often at the highest level of education, having possibly completed a master’s or bachelor’s degree.

The value of the stipend reflects the cost of living, allowing students to focus on their research interests without the constant worry of financial strain.

PhD programs in such regions offer more than just a high PhD stipend; they offer a living wage ratio that many find hard to match.

This approach not only attracts international students but also sets a precedent for how PhD stipends should be structured.

It’s about recognising the contribution of doctoral students and ensuring they can pursue their academic and research goals without undue hardship.

This insider detail reveals a stark contrast to places where stipends do not cover living costs, highlighting a progressive stance on supporting postgraduate students.

Highest-Paying Stipend For PhD Students

Universities offering the highest PhD stipends in the USA demonstrate a commitment to fostering academic excellence by alleviating financial pressures on their students.

These institutions stand out not just for their academic prowess but for their dedication to supporting PhD candidates through substantial stipends.

As prospective students navigate their options, these universities emerge as beacons of opportunity, ensuring that financial aid goes hand-in-hand with world-class education and research opportunities, shaping the next generation of scholars.

How Much Stipend For PhD In USA Today?

The average PhD stipend from major US universities are around $45,000.

What Are The Types Of Stipends For PhD Students?

University or Departmental Stipends, Teaching Assistantships (TAs), Research Assistantships (RAs), Fellowship Stipends, Industry-Funded Stipends

Do International PhD Students Get Stipends?

Yes, international PhD students often receive stipends, similar to their U.S. counterparts.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

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PhD in the USA - Types, Cost and Eligibility

Confused about a phd in the usa here’s everything you need to know.

The US as a study-abroad country for post-graduate programs is unique in its way since its fundamentals include structured degree programs with comprehensive training and independent research. These extraordinary qualities enhance the appeal of the PhD programs and that’s why many students prefer to study here

Why study PhD in the US?

The US institutions follow a rigorous approach in their graduate programs, which means they provide essential training and emphasis on professional development, which exceeds minimum requirements of ‘traditional’ research-focused PhD programs in other parts of the world.

In-depth understanding: American PhD programs, on an initial stage, develop a deep understanding of the subject. This forms the basis of your research. So, instead of just focusing immediately on your dissertation proposal, you have the time to first understand what it is all about

World-leading research institutions: The US institutions are ranked at the top of global league tables, which reflects their considerable investment in research output and expertise

International perspective: US universities welcome a large number of international students from various countries. Therefore, irrespective of your subject area, you’ll always be part of a diverse academic community

Innovation: The US is a kind of trendsetter in

post-graduate studies

. It is the second country after Germany to switch to the modern PhD degree that includes a structured approach to doctoral training

Ample opportunities: With 50 states, six time zones and a large number of higher education institutions, whatever you plan to seek from your PhD study, is available to pursue

Funding: Most of the research-intensive universities in the US are substantially funded. This means more chances of financial aid to students than any other country

Structure of the PhD

PhD programs in the US are a pure research degree. An original research is an essential requirement for an American doctorate since you need to present your rationale behind the thesis.US doctorates begin with taught classes and assessments in the form of a comprehensive exam. Upon completion of which a student finalises their dissertation topic and start with the research.

Duration of PhD

Usually, the duration of PhD in the US is four to six years (full time). In which you’ll spend Year 1 to Year 4 on the coursework stage of the program and Year 2 to Year 4 on the dissertation.The academic year in the US includes two teaching semesters i.e., August-December and January-May. During this time your classes and assessments will take place.

Types of PhD

Mostly, the US universities award the standard PhD or as an academic doctorate, which is equal to PhDs in other countries. However, some programs award professional doctorate degrees which include practical projects and case studies in addition to academic classes and dissertation research like the DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) and EdD (Doctor of Education).The last type of ‘doctoral’ qualification is for students who seek to qualify for regulated professions like law or medicine, for example, JD (Doctor of Laws) and MD (Doctor of Medicine) degrees which are different from academic doctorates.

Eligibility criteria for PhD programs

The eligibility criteria vary as per the institution and stream of the study program. However, the basic requirements are the same across fields:

16 years of educational background

Exceptional academic results in both levels i.e., undergraduate and master’s

GMAT scores for post-doctoral management programs (some might ask for GRE test scores)

Results of English language proficiency tests such as the IELTS

Academic and research projects, internships, or publications

Popular fields of PhD study in the US

Biological Sciences

Anthropology

Engineering

Cost of pursuing PhD in the US

Many American institutions offer PhD programmes therefore, the fees for the same vary a lot. However, actual fees depend upon public and private institutions and sometimes on a students’ resident status:

Public institutions offer PhD degree normally at an average of $12,737 annually, but for international students, it may be higher

Private institutions offer PhD at an average of $43,300 annually on graduate programs to all students

Also Read - How you can finance your education in the USA The modern PhD is a dynamic qualification to develop a wide range of transferrable skills. Therefore, the job market for PhD graduates is quite diverse. Besides, many students pursue careers in higher education including administration and leadership positions and academic posts. While others use their research and teaching expertise into professions of secondary and further education or public administration or industry

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How much does a meal cost at popular fast food chains in America?

Which fast food spots have the best drive-thrus.

A new study reveals where you should go when you're hungry and on the go.

LOS ANGELES - If you're wondering how much it costs to grab a sandwich, fries, and a drink at America’s top fast food restaurants, here’s a quick breakdown. 

While prices can vary depending on your location, these general figures give you an idea of what you might pay.

Fast facts and trends from America's most popular chains

• Most affordable meal: Taco Bell’s Crunchwrap Supreme meal comes in as the best value, ranging from $7.50 to $9.
• Most expensive meal: Five Guys tops the list with their Cheeseburger meal priced between $15 and $17.
• Mid-range options: Chains like Shake Shack, Chipotle, and Jersey Mike’s offer meals in the $12 to $15 range, balancing price with quality.
• Healthier alternatives: Chipotle’s customizable burritos and bowls, along with Panda Express’s fresh stir-fry options, stand out as potentially healthier choices.
• Classic chicken sandwiches dominate: Both Popeyes and KFC offer similarly priced Chicken Sandwich Combos, ranging between $8 to $9.50.
• Premium burger offerings: Shake Shack and Five Guys both cater to premium burger lovers but at a significantly higher price compared to other fast food chains.

Meal costs at popular U.S. fast food chains

McDonald's:

• Big Mac meal: around $8 - $10
• Includes: Big Mac, medium fries, medium drink

Chick-fil-A:

• Chicken Sandwich meal: $8.29 - $9.50
• Includes: Original Chicken Sandwich, waffle fries, medium drink
• 6" Turkey Sandwich meal: $7 - $9
• Includes: 6-inch sandwich, chips, drink

Wendy's:

• Dave’s Single Combo: $9 - $10
• Includes: Dave’s Single burger, fries, drink

Burger King:

• Whopper meal: $9 - $11
• Includes: Whopper, fries, drink
• Crunchwrap Supreme meal: $7.50 - $9
• Includes: Crunchwrap Supreme, fries or chips, drink
• Chicken Sandwich Combo: $8 - $9
• Includes: Classic Chicken Sandwich, fries, drink
• Chicken Sandwich Combo: $8 - $9.50
• Includes: Chicken Sandwich, fries, drink
• Cheeseburger meal: $15 - $17
• Includes: Cheeseburger, fries, drink

Shake Shack:

• ShackBurger Combo: $13 - $15
• Includes: ShackBurger, fries, drink

Panda Express:

• Bowl Combo: $10 - $12
• Includes: One entree, one side, drink

Jersey Mike's:

• Regular Sub Combo: $12 - $14
• Includes: Regular-sized sub, chips, drink
• Burrito Combo: $12 - $14
• Includes: Burrito, chips, drink

The Source:

This article is based on a review of available information from official menus and online data from popular fast food chains to provide an overview of current meal prices..

Editorial note: Homefront (defined in the Disclosure below ) may earn a commission from affiliate partner links featured on our site. This commission does not influence our editors’ opinions or evaluations.

How much does skylight window installation cost in 2024? Materials, installation and other factors

Jennifer Farrington is a contributing writer at USA TODAY Homefront. She is a Florida native who has more than a decade of writing and editing experience. Jennifer has covered everything from real estate and insurance to personal finance and entertainment.

Typical cost range: $383–$2,390 per window

Join the  3,696 people  who have received their free, no-obligation quote over the last month.

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Skylight windows can range from $383 to $2,390 per window.

Tube skylights, the most cost-effective style, range between $606 and $797.

Labor costs range from $177 to $359 per window.

Skylights are a great way to flood your home with natural light. On average, aluminum, double-glazed skylight windows cost between $383 and $2,390 per window. This cost excludes installation, according to Sierra West Publishing’s “Current Residential Construction Cost Manual 2024.” 

Compared to vinyl, fiberglass and wood, aluminum is a more affordable window framing material for skylights. The three main types of skylights — ventilating (roof windows), tubular and fixed windows — come in various shapes to fit your space. 

Costs can rise depending on the type of skylight, size, shape and additional features of the unit. “If a roof is extremely steep or has tile shingles rather than asphalt, that could impact installation prices,” explained Mike O’Brien, head of Berthoud, Colorado-based Custom Exteriors roofing department.  

We gathered cost data and consulted window experts to break down installation prices and offer tips on how you can save on this home improvement project.

Window replacement ranges from $734 to $1,806 per window, depending on the window style, frame material, size and labor costs.

Window screen replacement ranges from $100 to $300 but varies based on the screen’s dimensions, functions and material.

Window repair ranges from $100 to $600, but it can vary based on the extent of the damage, frame material and window size.

What factors contribute to skylight installation costs?

Skylight window costs vary by size, with standard options ranging from 2 by 2 feet to as large as 6 by 6 feet. Custom sizes are available but tend to be higher in the price range.

Shape is another factor, with popular styles including flat, arched, domed and pyramid. Additional features, such as solar-powered enhancements, can drive up costs, making style and customization key factors in the final price.

The roof’s slope and the type of roofing material can greatly affect installation costs, according to O’Brien. Smaller, fixed skylights that don’t open are usually more cost-effective, while operable models such as curb-mounted windows come with a higher price tag. 

We’re breaking down each of these cost factors so you can determine which skylight window fits your budget best.

Skylight size

The size of the skylight significantly impacts its price, with costs ranging from $383 to $2,390 for a double-glazed aluminum frame, according to the “Current Residential Construction Cost Manual 2024.” 

A 2-by-2-foot skylight starts at $383, while a 3-by-3-foot option increases to $619. Costs do not include installation. 

For a 4-by-4-foot skylight, prices typically begin at around $955; a larger 4-foot by 8-foot model can cost about $2,277. A bigger standard size window, measuring 6 feet by 6 feet, starts at approximately $2,390. 

Skylight type

Skylight windows are available in different styles to meet different lighting needs. A tubular (or tube) skylight captures sunlight from the roof and directs it into your home through a reflective tube, making it ideal for interior rooms such as closets, laundry rooms, bathrooms and hallways. 

However, tube skylights don’t offer ventilation or sky views. Home Depot sells tubular skylights at prices that range from $606 to $797. Some styles are designed specifically for asphalt-shingle roofs, while others are compatible with shingle roofs — selecting the right type is essential for proper installation.

Fixed skylights, on the other hand, are flat or slightly domed windows that don’t open for ventilation but flood larger rooms such as work areas, bedrooms, game rooms and living rooms with natural light. 

Fixed skylight prices range between $695 to $1,400, O’Brien noted. These skylights are treated like a replacement window. The price range includes installation.

Operable skylight windows, such as ventilating skylights, are designed to open and close for ventilation. These skylights can release heat near the roof and bring in fresh air, making your home more comfortable. 

Most operable skylights open outward at the bottom section of the window. But some models vent through a hinged panel, which is usually smaller in size. To install operable skylights into an existing space, you can expect to pay between $950 and $1,400, according to O’Brien.

Customizing a skylight window is possible; however, some companies impose limitations in terms of size. Custom replacement skylight windows are the costliest, ranging between $700 and $5,000. 

When ordering a custom skylight, you might face a wait time of 30 days or more. Also consider that custom skylights may require a flashing kit. 

Skylight material

The type of material you select for framing your skylight window will significantly influence the pricing. Aluminum is typically the most budget-friendly option, followed by vinyl, fiberglass and then wood, which sits at the higher end of the price spectrum.

“People often buy wood windows because they like the look of the wood versus vinyl,” said Larry Shapiro, co-owner of Executive Remodeling in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. “However, wood windows tend to be more expensive than other materials, which causes buyers to choose something else.”

Skylight shape

Skylight window shapes include flat, arched, domed and pyramid. Plastic dome skylights range in price from $218 to $444 for sizes between 2-by-2-feet and 4-by-4-feet, according to the Current Residential Construction Cost Manual 2024.

Pyramid domes are typically more expensive, with costs ranging from $317 to $644. Flat skylights are another option, starting at approximately $219 but can still go up to $992 at Home Depot for units measuring about 2 feet by 4 feet.

Installation 

The cost range for labor ranges between $177 and $359 per skylight window, according to the “Current Residential Construction Cost Manual 2024.” O’Brien’s team charges $150 per hour for skylight installation. Depending on the window style and the scope of work, the job can take up to four hours, adding to the overall expense.

O’Brien estimated that installing a skylight window in an existing opening in Colorado typically costs between $700 and $1,100 per window, when it is a direct replacement. This price range covers aluminum and wood framing materials, with wood usually falling on the higher end.

If you’re considering adding a new skylight to your home, expect higher costs since creating a new opening is required, and don’t overlook the potential fees for removing and disposing of an existing skylight. Expanding an already open area to fit a larger skylight can increase expenses, adding to the overall project cost.

Skylight panes are typically crafted from either plastic or glass.“Skylights are only available in double panes due to safety issues,” O’Brien said. Plastic glazing, usually made from acrylic or polycarbonate, is a more budget-friendly and sturdy option. However, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) notes that polycarbonate plastic glazing can yellow over time and allow more UV rays into your space. 

Glass glazing, although more expensive upfront, is more durable when compared to plastic. Available in laminated or tempered options, laminated glass tends to be pricier but provides enhanced safety. Both types are designed to prevent the glass from shattering into large, sharp pieces, adding an extra layer of protection to your skylight window.

Low-e glazing is a feature commonly found in skylight windows, enhancing the energy efficiency of your home. This coating helps regulate indoor temperatures, keeping your space comfortable year-round while reducing energy costs.

To give you an idea of how prices compare for glass types, we looked at the Velux Fixed Curb Mount skylight (sold at Lowe’s). A skylight measuring 14.5 inches wide by 30.5 inches long with laminated low-e argon glass retails for $305, while the same-sized skylight with tempered glass costs $189. This makes the laminated low-e argon glass skylight approximately 38% more expensive than the tempered glass version.

How can you save money on skylight installation costs?

When it comes to saving on skylight installation, a little strategy goes a long way. Opting for simpler, more budget-friendly designs and carefully planning your installation location — such as choosing spots with easy roof access — can help you cut down on costs.

Energy-efficient skylights with solar capabilities lower energy bills and can make you qualify for clean energy tax incentives or rebates, putting more money back in your pocket.

When skylight shopping, don’t settle for the first contractor who gives you a quote. Requesting multiple estimates can help you secure the best deal without compromising on quality. These cost-saving tips can brighten your home without putting a damper on your wallet.

Choose low-cost materials

A smaller skylight window can significantly reduce installation costs without compromising on natural light. The size of the window isn’t the only factor, though — material choice matters, too. Aluminum and vinyl are cheap options that offer a good balance of durability and price. Fiberglass is more expensive, and wood sits at the top of the price range.

When it comes to shopping for windows, “vinyl is the least expensive option,” according to Chris Pound, owner and president of Window Source DFW in Carrollton, Texas. Vinyl’s affordability, combined with its durability and low maintenance, makes it a popular choice for homeowners looking to save without sacrificing quality.

Shop around

Shopping around and obtaining at least three quotes from reputable window brands can help you assess factors such as installation, materials and labor costs, ensuring you get the best deal. Make sure each quote request specifies the same window type, location and project scope to receive an accurate comparison on the total cost.

Look for discounts and rebates

Installing solar skylight windows could qualify you for certain tax credits such as the Energy Star windows and skylights tax credit . If you install clean energy property between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2032, you can claim 30% of the product cost, up to $600 per installation. The total annual limit for this efficiency tax credit is $3,200, with specific caps of $1,200 for windows, doors and skylights.

To be eligible, your windows must meet the Energy Star Most Efficient criteria, which you can verify using the Energy Star Climate Zone Finder . To claim this tax credit, which directly reduces your tax liability dollar for dollar, file Form 5695 with your annual income tax return.

In addition to federal tax credits, you may be eligible for state tax incentives for installing solar skylight windows, and you might even receive rebates from your utility provider. For example, Puget Sound Energy in Washington offers up to $200 per window, depending on the efficiency boost. However, there are expiration dates and total limits for these rebates.

Be aware that in some cases, these rebates could impact your federal solar tax credits. Consult a tax professional to ensure you maximize your benefits and correctly claim the tax incentives. 

How do professional and DIY costs compare?

Installing a skylight yourself versus professional installation can save you roughly $177 to $359 in labor costs per skylight window.

However, while you might cut costs, the installation process can be time-consuming, especially if you’re not familiar with the steps involved. You’ll need to purchase the skylight and ensure you have all the right materials, including flashing, which is essential for proper installation.

“Since skylights are adding a penetration into your roof assembly, installation details like sealing and flashing are critical to a well-performing and durable skylight,” explained Kyle Biega , an engineer with the DOE Buildings Technologies Office Residential Envelope Solutions portfolio.

Installing a skylight requires a thorough understanding of your roof type and the ability to accurately measure the pitch to choose the appropriate type and size of skylight. For example, a 22-inch acrylic dome skylight with a flexible tube and low profile flashing is designed for roofs with shingles and a pitch ranging from 14 degrees to 60 degrees. If your roof pitch is below 3:12, you should use a curb-mounted skylight, whereas if it’s above 3:12, a deck-mounted skylight is the way to go.

Ultimately, deciding to DIY or hire a professional should hinge on your skill level and comfort when cutting an opening in a roofing structure and measuring and selecting the correct skylight. If you’re unsure, a professional window installer might be worth the investment.

What are the benefits and drawbacks of skylight windows?

Skylight windows can transform a home by inviting natural light without sacrificing privacy or wall space. While they undeniably brighten any room and enhance its overall aesthetic, skylights have some drawbacks. Let’s dive into the pros and cons of installing a skylight window.

• Reduces the need for artificial lighting
• Maintains privacy while letting in natural light
• Enhances the appearance of a room
• Can increase cooling costs if not equipped with low-e coating
• Costly installation for new opening
• Some skylights need to be opened manually with a pole or crank, though pricier models open with a remote control

When should you replace skylight windows?

Skylight windows should be replaced if you notice visible signs of wear and damage. 

Key indicators that it’s time to install a new skylight window:

• Leaks: Water leaks can occur from a weakened seal or poor installation.
• Damaged glass: Glass that is warped, cracked or broken.
• Difficulty opening: If operable skylight windows are difficult to open or won’t open at all, this can hinder ventilation.
• Age: Skylight windows typically last between 10 and 20 years .

Signs of water damage around the unit or condensation build-up are signals you should consult a window installer. Professionals can help determine if it’s time to replace your skylight window.

What’s next?

When comparing new or replacement skylight windows , consider the size of the room and the number of existing windows. Generally, aim for 1 square foot of skylight for every 20 square feet of floor space. For rooms with many windows, the skylight should cover no more than 5% of the floor area, while for rooms with fewer windows, it can cover up to 15% of the floor area.

Skylights can be a costly project for those with a limited budget, but there are budget-friendly options to consider. “While Energy Star skylights are the preferred option if a homeowner wants to install a skylight, it may be appropriate to consider installing a solar tube as an alternative option,” Biega suggested. “A solar tube can bring in natural light to the building while minimizing the amount of solar heat that is added to the building, something that is particularly important during hot weather.” 

Editorial note: The name “Homefront” refers to the alliance between USA TODAY and Home Solutions that publishes review, comparison, and informational articles designed to help USA TODAY readers make smarter purchasing and investment decisions about their home. Under the alliance, Homefront provides and publishes research and articles about home service and home improvement topics.

Homefront has an affiliate disclosure policy . The opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Homefront editorial staff alone (see About Homefront ). Homefront adheres to strict editorial integrity standards. The information is believed to be accurate as of the publish date, but always check the provider’s website for the most current information.

Yelena Moroz Alpert is an editor for USA TODAY Homefront. She has written about home improvement and renovation projects as well as design trends for the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, Architectural Digest and House Beautiful. Having moved almost a dozen times, Yelena knows a thing or two about packing and organizing. In her spare time, Yelena is experimenting with gardening and updating her 1938 Cleveland home. Follow her DIY adventures @designfix.cle .

To determine replacement window costs, we reviewed the best window brands, surveyed 1,500 homeowners about what they paid for their windows, spoke to experts and sourced pricing data from Sierra West Publishing’s “Current Residential Construction Cost Manual 2024” — an annually published construction costs book. We also analyzed data from RSMeans, a construction cost database. …

The cost of an energy-efficient window can range from $240 to $1,100, based on data we obtained from industry experts and secret shopping on home improvement websites such as Home Depot and Lowe’s.  Those figures may cause initial sticker shock, but consider the fact that upgrading old single-pane windows to Energy Star-rated windows can reduce…

The type of window you choose for your next installation or replacement impacts your home’s energy efficiency, curb appeal, noise reduction and more. Some windows showcase aesthetics, whereas others prioritize function over form. Consider technical factors such as frame material, spacers, glazing and overall window design. For example, picture windows are well-insulated but lack the…

Our editorial team is committed to creating independent and objective content focused on helping our readers make informed decisions. To help support these efforts we receive compensation from companies that advertise with us.

The compensation we receive from these companies may impact how and where products appear on this site. This compensation does not influence the recommendations or advice our editorial team provides within our content. We do not include all companies, products or offers that may be available.

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Here's How Much the 2025 Social Security Cost-of-Living Adjustment Could Boost Checks

• The government will announce the 2025 raise on Oct. 10.
• The latest projections put it around 2.5%.
• If seniors have to cover more of their own expenses next year, having multiple sources of retirement income will be helpful.
• Motley Fool Issues Rare “All In” Buy Alert

The 2025 cost-of-living-adjustment is about to be determined, and it might not go as far as some retirees hope.

We're about two weeks away from the much-anticipated announcement of the 2025 Social Security cost-of-living adjustment (COLA). The government will reveal it on Oct. 10, helping beneficiaries plan their budgets for next year.

We don't know what the COLA will be yet, but there are already predictions. Here's a closer look at how much the average check will likely increase in 2025.

Image source: Getty Images.

The 2025 COLA is expected to be 2.5%

The latest projection from The Senior Citizens League puts the COLA estimate around 2.5%. This is below the 3.2% hike recipients got this year and reflects cooling inflation.

Since the COLA is a percentage, which the Social Security Administration applies to your existing benefits, you can get a good approximation of your 2025 benefit by applying the projected percentage to the current amount. For example, the average Social Security benefit for retired workers as of August was $1,920 per month. If we add the 2.5% projection to this, we get an extra $48, bringing the average check in 2025 to about $1,968. That's an extra $576 per year.

What to do if the COLA doesn't go as far as you had hoped

That probably would not be as much as many are hoping for. They argue that the COLA computation doesn't actually help checks keep up with inflation. The Senior Citizens League found that benefits have actually lost 20% of their buying power since 2010. So even with the COLA, you could wind up spending more of your own money to cover your expenses.

Planning ahead can help minimize this shock. If you have personal savings, you can fall back on these. Those without much of a nest egg might have to try to diversify their retirement income . This could involve taking a part-time job, renting out or selling extra property, or considering strategies like a reverse mortgage . Anything that minimizes your reliance on Social Security can help.

You might also qualify for certain government benefits to help with your essential costs. Look into assistance programs for expenses like food, housing, utilities, and healthcare in your area to see what your options are and what criteria you must meet to claim them.

Once you know how far your checks will go and how much you'll get from Social Security, plan your budget for 2025. After a month or two, revisit it to make sure it's working for you and make adjustments as needed.

The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .

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• Home Internet

The Average Internet Bill in the US is $63 a Month. Here’s How You Can Lower It

Many providers also raise your rates significantly after the first year or two.

How much does internet really cost? Between hidden fees, price increases and confusing promotions, that's a harder question to answer than you'd think.

And despite efforts like the US Federal Communications Commission's recently mandated labels for home internet plans , the total you see on your internet bill never seems to be quite what you expected when you signed up.

To find out the real cost of internet in the US, I turned to CNET’s database of internet service providers, which is updated regularly by inputting addresses around the country for 27 of the largest providers.

Locating local internet providers

I found that the median price for internet in the United States is $63 per month for all speeds available, with autopay discounts applied. This price doesn’t include the cost to rent equipment, which on average adds another $15 to your monthly bill. That brings the grand total to around $78 per month for home internet -- almost exactly the same as the $75 that Consumer Reports found when it analyzed 18,359 internet bills in 2022. 

There's an enormous range of prices available. Astound , Mediacom , Xfinity and Ziply Fiber all offer plans starting at just $20 per month. Ziply also has the most expensive (and fastest) internet plan in the country by a mile: $900 a month for an absurdly over-the-top 50Gbps plan. 

For many people, $63 per month probably sounds like a pretty good deal. If you're paying significantly more than that, consider this a wake-up call. There are steps you can take to lower your costs, like negotiating your bill, purchasing your own equipment or downgrading to a cheaper plan. But the best option might be to switch providers altogether. There's been an unprecedented federal investment in internet infrastructure over the past few years, along with new technologies like 5G home internet . If you haven’t evaluated your options in a while, you might be surprised to find some new internet providers on the block. 

Internet cost by connection type

How much you pay for internet is heavily impacted by the connection type you're using. This analysis confirms what many rural internet customers have known for years: Rural providers are the most expensive, with the slowest connections around. 

DSL and satellite internet -- often the only options in rural areas -- were the slowest connections by far. DSL was particularly sluggish, with median download speeds of just 40Mbps, which doesn’t meet the FCC's minimum definition for broadband internet . 

Satellite internet was prohibitively more expensive than other connection types. Satellite providers had a median price of $110 per month for download speeds of 100Mbps. 

Prices for cable internet tend to start pretty low, but these providers are most likely to raise your prices after a year or two (or both). Fiber internet was also on the pricier side, but plans don't typically come with price increases. The median price for fiber internet was $75 per month in the first year and $83 in the third -- much less severe than cable’s $28 jump from the first year to the third.

Equipment fees

About half the internet plans I looked at included a monthly fee for equipment, but you always have the option to purchase your own modem and router instead of renting it each month from your ISP. The median equipment fee was $15 per month. Rise Broadband and Spectrum have the lowest equipment costs, at $10 per month, while Starlink has the highest, with a required up-front equipment purchase of anywhere from $499 to $2,500.

The following providers don’t charge extra for equipment:

• Frontier Fiber
• Google Fiber
• Quantum Fiber
• Starry Internet
• T-Mobile Home Internet
• Verizon Fios
• Verizon 5G Home Internet

Some providers jack up prices after a year or two

Skyrocketing bills are one of the most frustrating parts of being an internet customer, and this analysis revealed just how much your bill will grow in the second (or third) year. 

Though the median price in the first year was $63 per month, it rose to $76 in the second year and to $80 in the third year. Some of the providers with the steepest price increases were Mediacom ($50 in the second year), Spectrum ($20-$30 in the second year) and Cox ($28 in the third year). Here are the average price increases associated with each provider:

These are the extra charges internet providers tack on to your bill for vague purposes like "network maintenance" or "technology service." Thankfully, these are largely a thing of the past. Altice, the company behind Optimum and Suddenlink, was forced to pay $15 million in a class-action lawsuit in 2023 for these kinds of charges. I found only five providers that currently impose junk fees.

That noted, I wouldn't be shocked to hear about internet providers adding on fees after you enroll that weren't listed while you were shopping. Consumer Reports' analysis was in 2022, but it found 13 ISPs that had junk fees in their bills. 

How to lower your internet bill

If you're paying too much for internet, there are several steps you can take to reduce your monthly costs . Here's what you can do:

• Buy your own modem and router: This is the low-hanging fruit of lowering your internet bill. If your provider is charging you for equipment, purchasing your own modem and router will almost always pay for itself within the first year. I learned this myself the hard way when I spent almost $1,000 renting equipment from Xfinity for six years. You can usually get both for a little over $100. CNET's pick for the best Wi-Fi router is currently available for $75, and you can get a decent modem for around $50. Just make sure it's compatible with your internet provider before you pull the trigger. As an added bonus, you might see a nice boost in internet speeds, too.
• Negotiate with your current provider: Internet providers used to be willing to work with customers when prices got out of control, but that's changed somewhat in recent years. Still, sometimes getting a better price is as simple as calling your ISP and asking for one. Before you call, do some research on what prices they're offering new customers and what plans are available from competitors in the area. And if there's a store in your area, go visit in person. Many customers have had better luck talking face-to-face than trying to get an actual human on the phone.
• Lower your plan: A lot of us are likely paying for more internet speed than we really need . The median internet plan offers 600Mbps download speeds -- enough to stream Netflix in 4K on 40 TVs at once. The speeds advertised by providers are for a wired connection, and Wi-Fi will slow it down considerably, but you get the point. If you're getting speeds over 500Mbps, I recommend evaluating whether you could get by with a slower plan.
• Switch providers: If all else fails, the best way to get a better price on internet is to switch ISPs altogether to take advantage of first-year pricing. You can see exactly which providers are available to you by entering your address on the FCC's broadband map . From there, you’ll have to input your address on each provider’s website to find details on their plans and prices. 

Home Internet Guides

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