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Russian Studies Research Guide

• Databases / Journals
• Dictionaries / Encyclopedias
• Online Russian Studies Exhibits
• Primary Sources - Rus to 1700
• Primary Sources - 18th, 19th and Early 20th Centuries
• Primary Sources - Revolutionary and Soviet
• Citation and Plagiarism Guides
• MLA Citation Style
• Chicago or Turabian Style

Archival Sources in Mansfield Library

While the Mansfield Library's Archives & Special Collections does not hold an extensive collection of primary sources relating to Russia and the Soviet Union, we do have:

• WWI pamphlets concerning Russia and Ukraine  
• James Watson Gerard's photos of Russian soldiers in WWI German P.O.W camps  
• Stella Louise Duncan's 1932 diary of a trip to the USSR  
• Professor Gertrud Lackschewitz's unpublished research  on Black Sea and possibly other Russian Germans living in Montana in the 1930s
• Mike Mansfield's papers related to relations with the Soviet Union .  

What's a Primary Source?

A primary source was either created during the time period being studied or created at a later date by a participant in the events being studied (as in the case of a memoir).

The following websites contain information about primary sources - what they are, where to find them, and how to use them in your research:

Why Study History Through Primary Sources? (Fordham)

How to Read a Primary Source (Bowdoin) Using Primary Sources on the Web (American Library Association)

Websites with Primary Source Content

Canada's Siberian Expedition - a searchable database of over 2000 photographs and documents related to the Canadian Siberian force deployed from the West Coast of Canada to Vladivostok in response to the Bolshevik Revolution.

Eastern European and Slavic Studies Digital Collection  - a variety of links and digitized content from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

The Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System Online - searchable database of transcripts from over 700 interviews with Soviet refugees "during the early years of the Cold War."

New York Public Library's  Posters of the Russian Civil War, 1918-1922 .

Revelations from the Russian Archives - a Library of Congress online exhibit of select documents from the previously top secret archives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. They provide an unprecedented inside look at the workings of one of the largest, most powerful and long-lived political machines of the modern era. Chosen from the 500 made available from the Russian archives, these documents cover the entire range of Soviet history from the October Revolution of 1917 to the failed coup of August 1991.

Russian Books from the Metropolitan Museum of Art libraries  - rare, digitized books from the early Soviet period. 

Russian Satirical Journals Collection - digitized Revolutionary-era journals housed at the University of Southern California.

Seventeen Moments in Soviet History  - A rich archive of texts, images, maps and audio and video materials from the Soviet era (1917-1991). The materials are arranged by year and by subject, are fully searchable, and are translated into English.

Stalinka: Digital Library of Staliniana  - Hosted by the University of Pittsburgh, this collection comprises visual materials and artifacts related to Stalin, including photographs, posters, paintings, banners, chinaware, pins, and sculptures.

U.S. Government Resources

Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS)  - The official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity from 1861-about 1976 (there are currently 450 volumes, with several more published each year.) As examples, one volume is entitled  Foreign Relations of the United States:  1946. Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union  and another is entitled  Foreign Relations of the United States:  1969-1976, Volume XVI. Soviet Union, August 1974-December 1976   (published in May 2012.) The volumes contain documents from Presidential libraries, Departments of State and Defense, National Security Council, Central Intelligence Agency, Agency for International Development, and other foreign affairs agencies as well as the private papers of individuals involved in formulating U.S. foreign policy. In general, the editors choose documentation that illuminates policy formulation and major aspects and repercussions of its execution. Two different websites provide partial access to this series. The  Office of the Historian  has volumes covering 1945-1976 online. The  University of Wisconsin Digital Library  has 1861 (volume 1) to 1958/1960 online. The Mansfield Library has the complete series (in print) on Level 1 at call number: S 1.1

Books with Relevant Primary Source Content

The Mansfield Library has many primary source publications supporting Russian Studies research. A selection is below, but others can be discovered using the Library Catalog . You can also use WorldCat to discover resources held and other libraries and then request to have them sent to you via InterLibrary Loan .

Acton, Edward and Tom Stableford, eds. The Soviet Union: A Documentary History , 2 vol.   Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2004. Call Number: 947.084 S7298 (Level 2)

Browder, Robert Paul.   The Russian Provisional Government, 1917: Documents .   3 vol.   Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1961. Call Number: 947.084 B877r (Level 2)

Bunyan, James. The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1918: Documents and Materials . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1934. Call Number: 947.084 B942b (Level 2)

Bunyan, James. Intervention, Civil War, and Communism in Russia, April-December 1918: Documents and Materials .   Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1936. Call Number: 947.084 B942i (Level 2)

Clark, Katerina and Evgeny Dobrenko, eds., Soviet Culture and Power: A History in Documents, 1917-1953 .   New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. Call Number: 947.0842 C5938S (Level 2)

Dallin, Alexander and F. I. Firsov, eds., Dimitrov and Stalin, 1934-1943: Letters from the Soviet Archives .   New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. Call Number: 947.0842 D5826 (Level 2)

Daly, Jonathan and Leonid Trofimov . Russia in War and Revolution, 1914-1922: A Documentary History . Indianapolis: Hackett, 2009. Call Number: 947.0841 R9692r (Level 2)

Degras, Jane T., ed., Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy , 3 vols. (London: Oxford University Press, 1951-53) Call Number: 327.47 D321s (Level 2)

Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1915-1918: Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry .   London: Oxford University Press, 1958. Call Number: 947.084 G373g (Level 2)

Golder, Frank Alfred. Documents of Russian History, 1914-1917 .   NY: Century Co., 1927. Call Number: 947.084 G618d.Ea (Level 2)

Haup, Georges and Jean-Jacques Marie.   Makers of the Russian Revolution: Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders .   Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974. Call Number: 947.084 H374b.Ef (Level 2)

Koenker, Diane P. and Ronald D. Bachman, eds. Revelations from the Russian Archives: Documents in English Translation . Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1997. Call Number: LC 1.2:R 32/2 (Level 1)

Lenin, V. I.   Collected Works .   45 vol.   Moscow: Progress, 1960-70. Call Number: 947.084 L566.E 1960 (Level 2)

Lewytzkyj, Borys.   The Stalinist Terror in the Thirties: Documentation from the Soviet Press .   Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1974. Call Number: 947.084 L678s (Level 2)

Lih, Lars T., et al., Stalin’s Letters to Molotov, 1925-1936 .   New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. Call Number: 947.0842 S782Z (Level 2)

McCauley, Martin, ed. The Russian Revolution and the Soviet State, 1917-1921: Documents . NY: Barnes & Noble, 1975. Call Number: 947.0841 R969 (Level 2)

Molotov Remembers: Inside Kremlin Politics. Conversations with Felix Chuev . Chicago: I. R. Dee, 1993. Call Number: 947.084 M728Zc.E (Level 2)

Hanna G., and L. Lempert, trans. Petrograd, October 1917: Reminiscences . Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1957. Call Number: 947.084 M152p.Eh (Level 2)

Pipes, Richard, ed. T he Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive . New Haven: Yale University Press , 1996. Call Number: 947.084 L566Z5 (Level 2)

Rosenberg, William G. Bolshevik Visions: First Phase of the Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia .   2 vols.   Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990. Call Number: 306.3450947 B693 1990 (Level 2) Russian-American Relations, March 1917 – March 1920: Documents and Papers .   C. K. Cumming and Walter W. Pettit, eds.   NY: Harcourt, Brace, and Howe, 1920. Call Number: 947.084 F714r (Level 2)

Siegelbaum, Lewis and Andrei Sokolov, eds. Stalinism as a Way of Life: A Narrative in Documents . New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. Call Number: 947.084 S7825 (Level 2) and Electronic Book

Stalin, Joseph. Selected Works . Davis, CA: Cardinal Publishers, 1971. Call Number: 947.084 S782ab 1971 (Level 2)

Steinberg, Mark D., ed. Voices of Revolution: 1917 .   New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. Call Number: 947.0841 S8198v (Level 2)

United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States . 450+ volumes. Call Number: S 1.1 (Level 1)

Wade, Rex A., ed. Documents of Soviet History , 8 vols. (Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1991-2008) Call Number: 947.084 D6378 (Level 2)

Source Anthologies

These collections, spanning the from the Rus period through the Soviet era, often provide excerpts of English-translated primary documents and can serve as a great starting point.

Barker, Adele Marie, and Bruce Grant.  The Russia Reader: History, Culture, Politics . Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010 .

Call Number: 947 R9692 (Level 2)

Bisha, Robin.  Russian Women, 1698-1917: Experience and Expression: an Anthology of  Sources . Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press, 2002.

Call Number:  305.40947 R9695  (Level 2)

Kaiser, Daniel H., and Gary Marker.  Reinterpreting Russian History: Readings, 860-1860's . New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Call Number:  947 R374  (Level 2)

Levi,  Scott, C and Ron Sela. Islamic Central Asia: an Anthology of Historical Sources . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010 . Call Number: 958 I824 (Level 2)

Riha, Thomas.  Readings in Russian Civilization . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.  

Call Number:  947 R572r (Level 2) This is a three-volume work.  Also available as an electronic resource .

Vernadsky, George, and S. G. Pushkarev.  A Source Book for Russian History from Early Times to 1917 . New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 1972.

Call Number:  947 S724 (Level 2)

Walsh, Warren B.  Readings in Russian History from Ancient Times to the Post-Stalin Era . [Syracuse, N.Y.]: Syracuse University Press, 1963.

Call Number:  947 W228r 1963 (Level 2)

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Understanding Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine

• Aaron Stein
• Maia Otarashvili
• February 24, 2022
• Eurasia Program

Introduction 

On February 24, 2022 Russia began its invasion of Ukraine. 

In times of crisis, balanced, in-depth analysis and trusted expertise is paramount. The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) remains committed in its mission to provide expert analysis to policy makers and the public on the most pressing foreign policy challenges.

To help you understand this evolving crisis, we have compiled a list of publications, event recordings, and podcasts to help explain current events in Ukraine. FPRI has also included resources about other protracted conflicts, the neighboring Baltic states, and the role of NATO in managing the fallout from the war.

If you have not already done so, be sure to follow the FPRI fellows listed below for further reading and resources. For press inquiries, please contact [email protected]

Russian Aggression in Ukraine & Russian Defense 

• Moscow’s Mind Games: Finding Ideology in Putin’s Russia – February 2023
• The Confrontation with Russia and US Grand Strategy – February 2023
• Tanks a Lot (Well, Actually Not That Many for Ukraine) – February 2023
• Wagner Group Redefined: Threats and Responses – January 2023
• ‘Let’s Make a Deal’? Ukraine and the Poor Prospects for Negotiations with Putin – January 2023
• Will Russia Survive Until 2084? – December 2022 
• How the Battle for the Donbas Shaped Ukraine’s Success – December 2022 
• Ecological Path to Peace Is Possible in Ukraine – November 2022 
• Putin’s Philosophers: Reading Vasily Grossman in the Kremlin – November 2022 
• The Russian-Ukrainian War Triggers an Energy Revolution – September 2022 
• Ukraine’s Defense Industry and the Prospect of a Long War – September 2022
• Understanding Russia’s Efforts at Technological Sovereignty – September 2022
• Watching the War on Russian Television – August 2022
• War Crimes in Ukraine: In Search of a Response – August 2022
• Why Russian Elites Are Standing By Putin – July 2022
• Climate Action Meets Energy Security: The Russian Invasion of Ukraine Adds a New Dimension to Energy Transition – June 2022
• The War’s Impact on Russia’s Economy and Ukrainian Politics – June 2022
• The Evolving Political-Military Aims in the War in Ukraine After 100 Days   – June 2022
• How Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine has Affected Kazakh Politics – June 2022
• Russia’s Use of Cyberattacks: Lessons from the Second Ukraine War – June 2022
• What’s Next for Ukraine’s (and its Neighbors’) Domestic and Foreign Policy? – June 2022
• Reviving the Prospects for Coercive Diplomacy in Ukraine – May 2022
• Food Prices, Elections, and the Wagner Group in Africa – April 2022
• Appraising the War in Ukraine and Likely Outcomes – April 2022
• Ukraine War Sparks Suspicion over Russia’s Designs on Kazakhstan – April 2022
• Do Russians Really “Long for War” in Ukraine? – March 2022
• Kadyrov’s Ukraine Gamble – March 2022
• Lukashenka’s Fatal Mistake – March 2022
• What We Can Learn about Russian Strategy from Ivan III – March 2022
• The Russian Navy in the Russia-Ukraine War Scare – February 2022
• How Will China Respond to the Russia-Ukraine Crisis? – January 2022
• Moscow’s Compellence Strategy – January 2022
• Zapad 2021 and Russia’s Potential for Warfighting – September 2021 
• Russia’s Coercive Diplomacy – August 2021 
• Russia’s Forever Wars: Syria and Pursuit of Great Power Status – September 2021
• Understanding Russia’s Cyber Strategy – July 2021
• Russia’s Nuclear Strategy: A Show of Strength Despite COVID-19 – May 2021
• Even Thieves Need a Safe: Why the Putin Regime Causes, Deplores, and Yet Relies on Capital Flight for its Survival – November 2021
• Five Years of War in the Donbas – October 2019 
• Coal Mines, Land Mines and Nuclear Bombs: The Environmental Cost of the War in Eastern Ukraine – September 2019
• ​​ Volodymyr Zelensky: Ukraine’s Servant of the People? – September 2019 
• Russia’s Tragic Great Power Politics – March 2019
• Ukraine’s Presidential Election and the Future of its Foreign Policy – March 2019
• Bond of War: Russian Geo-Economics in Ukraine’s Sovereign Debt Restructuring – September 2018
• The Ukrainian Military: From Degradation to Renewal – August 2018
• Reflecting on a Year of War – February 2023
• Will Russia Survive Until 2084? – January 2023
• The Russia-Ukraine War and Implications for Azerbaijan – July 2022
• Russia’s War in Ukraine: Uncompromising Objectives and an Uncertain Future – June 2022 
• The State of Play in Ukraine – May 2022
• Russia’s War in Ukraine: Nukes, Negotiations, and Neutrality – April 2022 
• Russia’s War in Ukraine: Implications for China  – March 2022
• What the West Needs to Know About Russia’s War in Ukraine – March 2022
• Russia’s War in Ukraine: Analyzing the Western Military and Economic Response – March 2022
• Russia’s War in Ukraine: The Humanitarian Crisis and Prospects for Resolution – March 2022
• Russia’s Long Shadow and the Future of Europe – February 2022
• Russia-Ukraine Tensions: Will Moscow’s Compellence Strategy Work? – January 2022 
• Interview with Russian Dissident Ilya & Former Duma Member Ilya Ponomarev – January 2022
• Russia’s Coercive Diplomacy  – August 2021
• FPRI Special Briefing: U.S. Sanctions Against Russia – March 2021
• FPRI Special Briefing: Alexeyi Navalny and U.S.-Russia Relations – February 2021
• Don’t Mention the War – April 2023
• Torn in the USA: How Important is the War in Ukraine for the United States? – March 2023
• Ukraine One Year In: The Helpers – March 2023
• Reflecting on a Year of War – February 2023 
• Mobilize This – January 2023
• War in Ukraine: A Firsthand Account – December 2022 
• Public Opinion in Russia: What Do We Know, What Can We Know? – November 2022
• Russia’s War in Ukraine: The Strategic Picture – September 2022
• Russia’s Manpower Conundrum in Ukraine – May 2022
• The Air War Over Ukraine – March 2022 
• Debating a No Fly Zone: The Risk of Escalation with Moscow – March 2022
• Examining Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine – March 2022
• The Risk of War: Russia’s Options for War in Ukraine – February 2022
• The Risk of War in Ukraine: Moscow’s Military Posture – February 2022
• Tensions Over Ukraine: Russia’s Rationale for War – February 2022
• Russian Perceptions of Military AI and Automation – February 2022
• Russia’s Anti-Satellite Weapon: Understanding Russia’s ASAT Test – November 2021
• How Do You Solve a Problem Like Navalny? – September 2021
• Russia’s Coercive Diplomacy: Looking Back at the Ukraine Crisis – August 2021
• Russian-Turkish Relations and Their Implications for the West – May 2021
• Learning From Our Adversaries: Russian Aerial Operations in Syria – April 2021

Protracted Conflicts: Moldova and Georgia

• War As a Neighbor: Moldova and the Challenges of Facing Russian Aggression in Ukraine – April 2023
• Strategic Connectivity in the Black Sea: A Focus on Georgia – December 2021
• Taking Stock of U.S. Military Assistance to Georgia – December 2021 
• Georgia’s Democracy is in Trouble, It’s Time for Closer Engagement – November 2021 
• Russia’ Permanent War Against Georgia – March 2021
• Georgia’s Doomed Deep-Sea Port Ambitions: Geopolitics of the Canceled Anaklia Project – October 2020
• Anatomy of a Fraud: The Moldovan Parliamentary Elections – March 2019
• Geopolitical Games Expected Ahead of Moldova’s 2018 Elections – October 2017 
• The Future of US Strategic Interests in the South Caucasus: Challenges and Opportunities for the Biden Administration – October 2021
• Tug of War in the Black Sea: Defending NATO’s Eastern Flank – July 2021
• The Turkish Veto: Why Erdogan Is Blocking Finland and Sweden’s Path to NATO – March 2023
• Article 5 for the Next Decade of NATO – December 2022 
• The Art of the Possible: Minimizing Risks as a New European Order Takes Shape – November 2022 
• The Baltics Predicted the Suspension of the Ukraine Grain Deal — and Contributed to its Resumption – November 2022
• Good and Bad Neighbors: Perceptions in Latvian Society – September 2022
• Europe’s Wait for Turkmen Natural Gas Continues – September 2022 
• From the Migrant Crisis to Aggression in Ukraine: Belarus is Still on the Baltic Agenda – July 2022 
• Two Less Obvious Lessons for Baltic Defense from Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine – June 2022
• The Baltic Road to Energy Independence from Russia Is Nearing Completion – May 2022
• America Needs a Comprehensive Compellence Strategy Against Russia – April 2022
• Baltic Sea Mining as an Extension of the Russian Gray Zone – April 2022
• The Significance of the Turkish Straits to the Russian Navy – March 2022
• Fear, Solidarity, and Calls for Further Action in the Baltics as Russia Invades Ukraine – March 2022
• Latvia’s First Response to Russia’s War in Ukraine – March 2022
• Turkey’s Careful and Risky Fence-Sitting between Ukraine and Russia – February 2022
• At the Double: Poland’s Military Expansion – January 2022 
• Turkey’s Response to the Russia-Ukraine Crisis – January 2022 
• Afghanistan was a Turbulent NATO Proving Ground for the Baltic States – December 2021
• Crowded Pond: NATO and Russian Maritime Power in the Baltic Sea – December 2021 
• Baltic Perspectives on U.S. and Transatlantic Nuclear Negotiations with Russia – October 2021
• Namejs vs. Zapad: Military Exercises on Both Sides of the Frontline – September 2021 
• Reconceptualizing Lithuania’s Importance for U.S Foreign Policy – July 2021
• Russian-Turkish Relations and Their Implications for the West – April 2021
• Nord Stream 2: Germany’s Faustian Bargain with Gazprom and Why it Matters for the Baltics – December 2020
• Cooperation, Competition, and Compartmentalization: Russian-Turkish Relations and Their Implications for the West – May 2021
• America’s Approach to the Three Seas Initiative – May 2021
• The Baltic States as NATO Heavyweights – March 2023 
• The Future of European Energy – February 2023
• What’s Happening With Russian Speakers in Latvia? – January 2023
• We Can France if We Want To: What Does Paris Want for Ukraine and Europe? – November 2022 
• Giorgia on My Mind: Italy’s Rightward Turn and Its Implications – October 2022 
• Stuck in the Magyar: Why is Hungary the “Bad Boy” of Europe? – October 2022 
• Bloc Party: The EU and the War in Ukraine – September 2022 
• The View from Ukraine: An interview with Dr. Volodymyr Dubovyk – August 2022 
• What Does Erdogan, Erdo-want? – July 2022
• Baltic Power Hour – July 2022
• No More Niinistö Nice Guy: Has Finland’s Security Calculus Changed? – June 2022
• Swedening the Deal: Stockholm Turns to NATO – June 2022
• The Energy Trilemma: An interview with Dr. Andrei Belyi – May 2022
• The Sejm Difference? Poland and the New, Old Europe – May 2022
• Bundes-where? Germany’s Politics and Security in Changing Times – May 2022
• Ukrainian Refugees in Latvia: An interview with Agnese Lāce  – April 2022
• Who Speaks For Eastern Europe? – February 2022
• Foreign Minister Edgars Rinkēvičs on Latvia’s Foreign Policy Challenges – November 2021 
• Reframing the Baltic states: An Interview with Dr. Andres Kasekamp – October 2021

FPRI Experts to Follow 

• Rob Lee – @RALee85   Eurasia Senior Fellow, PhD Student at King’s College, London
• Bob Hamilton – @BobHam88   Black Sea Fellow, Research Professor at the U.S. Army War College  
• Maia Otarashvili – @MaiaVanRijn Deputy Director of Research
• Aaron Stein – @aaronstein1  
• Chris Miller – @crmiller1 Director of Eurasia Program, Assistant Professor at The Fletcher School, Tufts University
• Nikolas Gvosdev @FPRI_Orbis   Editor, Orbis: FPRI’s Journal of World Affairs, Captain Jerome E. Levy Chair in Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College
• Clint Watts – @SelectedWisdom Distinguished Research Fellow , National Security Contributor for NBC News and MSNBC
• Indra Ekmanis – @indraekmanis Baltic Sea Fellow and Editor of the Baltic Bulletin
• Una Bergmane @UnaBergmane Baltic Sea Fellow, Researcher at the University of Helsinki
• Mitchell Orenstein @m_orenstein   Eurasia Senior Fellow, Professor of East European and Russian Studies, University of Pennsylvania
• Stephanie Petrella @sdpetrella  Eurasia Fellow
• Sara Ashbaugh @sara_ashbaugh Editor in Chief, BMB Russia
• Eilish Hart @EilishHart    Eurasia F ellow, Eurasia Program
• Clara Marchaud @ClaraMarchaud Editor of BMB Ukraine

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The Russian Role in the Yemen Crisis

• First Online: 11 February 2020

Cite this chapter

• Samuel Ramani 3  

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In a period of increased Russian assertiveness in the Middle East, Russia’s non-aligned stance toward the Yemeni war stood out distinctly. Following the conflict’s inception in 2014, Russia maintained diplomatic relations with both the Houthis and Yemen’s UN-recognized government, while resolutely opposing the Saudi Arabia-led military intervention in 2015. Although these policies set Russia apart from the international consensus, Moscow cautiously avoided miring itself in a protracted war. This chapter explores the antecedents for Russia’s solitary abstention vote on UN Security Council Resolution 2216 in April 2015, by analyzing the Russia-Yemen bilateral relationship under former president Ali Abdullah Saleh and Russia’s handling of the 2011 Yemeni revolution that heralded Abdurabbo Mansour Hadi’s presidency. It then examines Russia’s reaction to the outbreak of war and shifting positions on conflict resolution within the context of Moscow’s strategic interests in Yemen and regional power projection ambitions.

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Alghoul, D. (2016, August 19). What Does a Diplomat’s Pro-Houthi Stance Say About Russia’s Yemen Policy. Middle East Monitor . https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20160819-what-does-a-diplomats-pro-houthi-stance-say-about-russias-yemen-policy/

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Barmin, Y. (2018, September 9). Interview by Author [In-Person].

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Gulf News . (2019, April 17). Kuwait Asks for Russia’s Help in Yemen. https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/yemen/kuwait-asks-for-russias-help-in-yemen-1.63391318

Issaev, L. M. (2018, October 25). Challenge Dialogue: What Links Russia and Saudi Arabia . Al-Sharq Forum . https://www.sharqforum.org/2018/10/25/challenge-dialogue-what-links-russia-and-saudi-arabia/

Issaev, L. M., & Kozhanov, N. (2017, August 24). The Russian-Saudi Rapprochement and Iran. Al-Jazeera English . https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/08/russian-saudi-rapprochement-iran-170817154056810.html

Kommersant. (2015, February 25). Khusity ishchut sobesednikov v Moskve [Houthis Are Looking for Interlocutors in Moscow]. 32 (6). https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2674533

Kortunov, A. (2018, September 10). Interview by Author [In-Person].

Manukov, S. (2015, January 23). Vakuum vlasti [Power Vacuum]. expert.ru . https://expert.ru/2015/01/23/nezhdannaya-vlast/

Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2015, December 31). Comment by the Information and Press Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Developments in Yemen . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2569 . http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2004580/pop_up?_101_INSTANCE_cKNonkJE02Bw_viewMode=print&_101_INSTANCE_cKNonkJE02Bw_qrIndex=0

Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2017, July 25). Press Release on the Delivery of Humanitarian Aid to Yemen . http://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2822550

Nebehay, S. (2017, April 25). U.N., Russia Warn Against Assault on Main Yemeni Port. Reuters . https://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN17R18K-OCATP

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Ramani, S. (2020). The Russian Role in the Yemen Crisis. In: Day, S.W., Brehony, N. (eds) Global, Regional, and Local Dynamics in the Yemen Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35578-4_6

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