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Happy Odia New Year; know the significance of Pana Sankranti

The day assumes much significance as the new Odia calendar or Panjika is released on the auspicious day. The day also marks the onset of the summer season and is known as Pana Sankranti and people distribute 'pana', a traditional cool drink.

• Vikash Sharma
• Published: Sunday, 14 April 2024
• Last updated: 14 April 2024, 09:31 AM IST

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It is a moment of pride for the people of Odisha as Odias across the state celebrate Odia New Year with religious fervour. The day is celebrated as Pana Sankranti and marks the beginning of Odia New Year. Also celebrated as Maha Vishuba Sankranti or Mesha Sankranti, this festival falls on the first day of the traditional Hindu solar calendar month of Mesha.

As per the Hindu calendar, this day usually falls on April 13 or 14 each year. The auspicious Maha Vishuba Sankranti is also celebrated as the birthday of Lord Hanuman. To celebrate the day, people in Odisha throng temples and bathe in the holy water. On this holy day, temples across the state witness a huge influx of devotees.

Braving the scorching heat and humid conditions, people visit temples to worship the lord and seek his blessings for the well-being of their family members and friends. The day assumes much significance as the new Odia calendar or Panjika is released on the auspicious day. The day also marks the onset of the summer season and is known as Pana Sankranti and people distribute 'pana', a traditional cool drink.

Pana Sankranti:

There is a tradition of making a homemade beverage known as ‘Pana’ which is distributed among the people. It is usually prepared from the pulp of wood apple, locally known as bel fruit, fruits, sweets, sugar or molasses, black pepper powder etc.

Pana is distributed among family members, friends, and neighbours as a symbol of sharing and community bonding.

On this day, people hang an earthen pot over a basil plant. This is known as ‘hanging of Basundhara Theki’. A hole is made at the bottom of the pot and a blade of grass is inserted into it. After filling it with water mixed with ‘pana’, the pot is hung over a Basil (Tulsi) plant. Water in the pot keeps falling on the Basil drop by drop.

Pana Sankranti holds great cultural and religious significance that brings people together, fostering a sense of unity and harmony.

• Pana Sankranti

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When is Pana Sankranti 2024? Date, timing, history, significance and celebration of Odia New Year

Pana sankranti holds great significance as it marks the commencement of the odia new year. from date to history, here's all you need to know about the festival..

Pana Sankranti , also known as Maha Bishuba Sankranti, is the traditional New Year celebration of the Odia people of Odisha, India. The event falls on the first day of the lunar month of Baisakha, which corresponds to the first day of the traditional solar month of Meṣa in the Odia solar calendar. In Odisha, a sweet drink called 'pana' is prepared and shared on this auspicious day, especially in rural areas. The festivities also include the worship of Lord Jagannath , who is believed to have created the pana drink. The festival is a time of rebirth, new beginnings and community, and its colourful celebrations perfectly capture Odisha's rich cultural heritage. From date to history, scroll down to know more. (Also read: Baisakhi to Vishu: Interesting facts about spring harvest festivals celebrated in India )

Pana Sankranti 2024 date and timing

This year, the auspicious festival of Pana Sankranti will be celebrated on Saturday, April 13th. As per Drik Panchang, the auspicious Pana Sankranti Moment is scheduled to commence at 9:15 PM, marking the observance of this special occasion.

Pana Sankranti history

The festival of Pana Sankranti has been celebrated for centuries and is believed to have its roots in the ancient agricultural practices of the region, signifying the beginning of the new agricultural cycle. According to folklore, Lord Jagannath, the presiding deity of the famous Jagannath Temple in Puri, is credited with creating the Pana drink to relieve the sweltering summer heat. This concoction of water, jaggery, yoghurt and a mixture of spices is believed to have cooling properties. An integral part of the festival, the pana drink is shared among friends, family and neighbours, symbolising camaraderie and unity.

Significance of Pana Sankranti

In Odisha, the culture and traditions of India, Pana Sankranti is very important. The event ushers in the new agricultural year and is celebrated on the first day of the Hindu solar calendar. It is also celebrated with pana, a refreshing sweet drink, and is believed to herald the arrival of summer.

It is traditional for people to clean their homes, wear new clothes and offer prayers to Lord Jagannath, the presiding deity of the famous Jagannath Temple in Puri, during the festival, which is a time of renewal and new beginnings. The festival also emphasises the value of cooperation and camaraderie within the community, as people come together to participate in folk dances and share the Pana drink.

Pana Sankranti celebration

In the Odia Hindu tradition, Pana Sankranti is significant as the birthday of the revered Hindu deity Hanuman, known for his unwavering devotion to Lord Rama. Temples dedicated to Hanuman, Shiva and Surya are worshipped on this auspicious occasion. Devotees also visit temples dedicated to Goddess Devi, such as Taratarini Temple and Sarala Temple, where special rituals such as fire-walking festivals and Patua Yatra are held.

Various local festivals are celebrated in different parts of Odisha, such as Chadak Parva and Meru Yatra, marking the culmination of the month-long celebrations. The day also sees the introduction of the new Odia calendar or Panjika, which serves as an almanac of Hindu festivals and auspicious dates for the year. Bela Pana, a festive sweet drink made from milk, bel fruit and spices, is shared across the state to mark the occasion, accompanied by the ritual of Basundhara Theki, where water is poured from an earthen pot onto a sacred basil plant.

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Bhubaneswar, Apr 14 (PTI) President Droupadi Murmu, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik greeted the people of Odisha on the occasion of ‘Odia New Year’ and ‘Maha Bishuba Sankranti’ on Sunday.

Murmu in a post on X said: “On the occasion of Pana Sankranti, I extend my heartiest congratulations to the people of Odisha and those living abroad. Pana Sankranti or Maha Bishuba Sankranti is celebrated with joy across Odisha. I wish the dear brothers and sisters of Odisha a happy and prosperous Odia New Year, a symbol of cultural richness. and I pray for the prosperity of the people of the state.” Modi also wished the people of Odisha on Odia New Year and in a post on X said: “Best wishes on Maha Bishuba Pana Sankranti and Odia New Year. We take great pride in the wonderful Odia culture. I pray that the year ahead is full of happiness and success. May all your dreams be fulfilled as well and may everyone be healthy.” Patnaik said: “My heartiest greetings and best wishes to all on the occasion of Maha Bishuba Sankranti and Odia New Year. May the immense mercy of Mahaprabhu Shri Jagannath fill everyone’s life with happiness and prosperity.” Marking the celebration of the Maha Bishuba Sankranti, special rituals are held at Shree Jagannath Temple in Puri. The newly-prepared almanac is read before the sibling deities of Lord Balabhadra, Devi Subhadra and Lord Jagannath.

The people observe fast and offer new clothes, ‘pana’ (sweet water) to the deities at different temples. The pana is prepared by mixing water, jaggery, yoghurt and spices having cooling properties.

The day is also observed as the birthday of Lord Hanuman.

The people also observe Jhamu Jatra. The people observing Jhamu are called ‘Patua’ or holy devotees. They end the ritual on the day by walking barefoot on burning charcoal as a part of their penance and to express gratitude to the goddess for having fulfilled their wishes.

The Maha Bishuba Sankranti is observed in different names in various regions of the state, while it is called ‘Chadak Parva’ in North Odisha, the same is called ‘Danda Nata’ in the southern region of the state. PTI AAM AAM RG

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OPSC OAS Mains: General Studies (GS) and Essay Syllabus (New Pattern)

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory. The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.

Syllabi of the General Studies papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as follows:

Paper-I: Essay

Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Paper-II: General Studies-I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.)

Heritage and culture.

• Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
• Temple Architecture of Odisha
• Socio-cultural Development in Odisha
• Bhakti Movement in Odisha and its impact on the Society of Odisha
• Evolution and Growth of odia language and literature and development of Odia literature
• Regional Tradition of Odisha Festivals
• Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
• The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
• Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
• Kalinga War and Its significance
• Dynastic History of odisha: Mahameghavahana Kharavela, The Bhaumakaras and the Somavamsis, The Gangas and the Gajapatis
• Early Resistance Movements in Odisha- Paik Rebellion, Vir Surendra Sai and the Revolt of 1857
• Creation of Odisha Province
• Freedom Movement and Praja Mandal Movements in Odisha; Social Bases of Odia Nationalism, Integration of Princely States in Odisha; Social Reform Movements in Odisha

Indian Society

• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India and Odisha.
• Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
• Effects of globalization on Indian society as a whole and Odisha.
• Distribution and growth of tribes and tribal population in Odisha; Urbanization- Growth of urban population and urban centres in Odisha
• Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

Geography of India with Special Reference to Odisha

• Physical, Economic and Social Geography of Odisha
• Salient features of world’s physical geography.
• Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
• Odisha’s Natural Resources: Water, Forests and Minerals
• Odisha’s Physiography and Riverine System

Paper-III: General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and Inter-State relations.

Governance, constitution, polity and inter-state relations.

• Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
• Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act, Odisha Right to Public Services Act and Odisha Lokayukta Act
• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
• Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
• Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
• Role of Central and State civil services in a democracy.
• Panchayati Raj Institution (PRIs) in Odisha
• Odisha and its neighbourhood-relations

Social Justice

• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation- India and Odisha
• Development processes and the development industry —the role of MSMEs & Women SHGs
• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections- India and Odisha
• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources- India and odisha
• Issues relating to poverty and hunger- Sustainable Development Goals

Paper-IV: General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management

Science and technology.

• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
• Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio- technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

Economic Development

• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
• Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
• Government Budgeting- India and Odisha.
• Land reforms in India and Odisha.
• Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
• Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways in the Country and Odisha.
• Industrialization in Odisha- Issues and Prospects

Agriculture

• Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers in India and Odisha.
• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security;
• Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing in India and Odisha.
• Food processing and related industries in India and Odisha- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

Biodiversity and Environment

• Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
• Disaster and disaster management in the Country and Odisha- State Institutions and Policies on Disaster Management.

Security and Disaster Management

• Linkages between development and spread of extremism, Left-wing Extremism in Odisha
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money- laundering and its prevention. Acts and Policies relating to Cyber Security and Money Laundering
• Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
• Various Security forces and agencies of the Country and Odisha and their mandate.

Paper-V: General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered :

Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in- human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.

Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non- partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

Emotional intelligence- concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.

Case Studies on above issues.

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Mahatma Gandhi Essay in Odia

Mahatma gandhi essay in odia : Hello dear visitors welcome to the orissa times official website. In this post i will gonna to provide mahatma gandhi essay in odia pdf version. You can read it online or download it. If you once read this mahatma gandhi essay in odia language, deffinitely you can improve your knowledge about bapuji. Because he is the fathe of India. Essay on mahatma gandhi in odia, essay about mahatma gandhi in odia.

mk-gandhi-bio

Mahatma Gandhi is one of the few people whose names are mentioned in gold letters on the pages of world history. Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation, is known as a great man not only in the history of India but all over the world. Mahatma Gandhi’s entry into Indian politics marked a new turning point in India’s liberation struggle. During the struggle, he launched a new arms race based on truth and non-violence.

Mahatma Gandhi Biography Book in Odia

It is an innovative weapon that has no use for bloodshed, no tears, and a victory for war. In his view, he was the best of the best. Perhaps Mahatma Gandhi was the only person after Buddha and Jesus who could have had such a profound effect on public life around the world.

According to Einstein, an eminent scientist, “the next generation could hardly believe that even a man with blood and flesh had entered this earth.

Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals were rare in the modern world. Truth and non-violence were his invincible weapons. During his stay in South Africa from 1933 to 1917, Gandhi’s infamous weapon against the white government there was known as the Satyagraha. Continuing the non-violence movement ended the rights, equality and black discrimination of the people of South Africa. Gandhi returned to India in 1915. He has been an angel of peace.

He set the stage for the Indian liberation struggle. As a result of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1921, the Salt Satyagraha in 1930, and finally the Quit India Movement in 1922, India was liberated from the shackles of independence on August 15. The mighty British government conceded defeat to him. It was the result of the great dedication and unwavering efforts of that great man. That is why he is seated in the highest position. Kantakabi writes about Gandhiji – “O Mohan! Ki Mohan Mantra Dele Chali.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay in Odia Pdf Download

The time was exactly five seventeen minutes in the evening. The first bullet struck Gandhi in the stomach, and the second and third bullets pierced his chest. The next day at eleven and a half. The procession came out. Bapu has his son Ram Das on his right and Deb Das on his left. Devdas decorated the sandalwood on Bapu’s body. Ramdas gave a smirk. The body is immersed in the five elements. In his opinion, the key to solving all problems is truth and non-violence.

The truth can be achieved with the least amount of cost. The truth is that God and labor are his worship. Reaching the truth means reaching out to God. The way to get closer to the truth is non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi, the angel of peace, the father of the nation. Gandhi’s death was the most tragic of the twentieth century. The whole world was stunned. That is why on that day the mourners told the people of the country by air, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru – Friends! The light went out. “It simply came to our notice then. But the innovative light he has shed has been enlightening everyone for ages.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay in Odia Pdf

Twenty years after our country became independent, many Asian and African nations have succeeded in achieving peace through Gandhi’s ideology and vision. On the other hand, Anna’s hunger strike proved a few days later that the application of “Gandhianism” could be expected in any case.

Mahatma Gandhi was a clear figure in secularism, not just in the freedom struggle. He was not tied to any particular religion. Interfaith harmony was the key to his life. That is why his prayers were discussed in all religions. “We are all children of the Father,” he said, “but we worship him differently.”

Gandhi wanted to take the country forward. He was a symbol of the hopes and aspirations of the poor, oppressed, and neglected people. Gandhi was obsessed with the pleasures of modern man. That’s why he focused on basic education – it has the key to making all creative programs practical. Gandhi has also always focused on drug abuse. In his opinion, drug use is detrimental to human beings as well as hinders their economic development. Even after 72 years of independence, no state has been completely free of drugs.

Gandhiji always emphasized women’s education and women’s awakening. He also said that in India, it is important for women to have the same rights as men. Today, women are said to be the most vulnerable in India. From Delhi to the countryside, one thing is for sure – women are the victims of violence, oppression and gang rape. In addition, corruption, sectarianism, racism and criminality pose a threat to our democracy. While Gandhianism has emerged in many parts of the world, our country is moving away from Gandhian philosophy.

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Francis Collins: Why I’m going public with my prostate cancer diagnosis

I served medical research. now it’s serving me. and i don’t want to waste time..

Over my 40 years as a physician-scientist, I’ve had the privilege of advising many patients facing serious medical diagnoses. I’ve seen them go through the excruciating experience of waiting for the results of a critical blood test, biopsy or scan that could dramatically affect their future hopes and dreams.

But this time, I was the one lying in the PET scanner as it searched for possible evidence of spread of my aggressive prostate cancer . I spent those 30 minutes in quiet prayer. If that cancer had already spread to my lymph nodes, bones, lungs or brain, it could still be treated — but it would no longer be curable.

Why am I going public about this cancer that many men are uncomfortable talking about? Because I want to lift the veil and share lifesaving information, and I want all men to benefit from the medical research to which I’ve devoted my career and that is now guiding my care.

Five years before that fateful PET scan, my doctor had noted a slow rise in my PSA, the blood test for prostate-specific antigen. To contribute to knowledge and receive expert care, I enrolled in a clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health, the agency I led from 2009 through late 2021.

At first, there wasn’t much to worry about — targeted biopsies identified a slow-growing grade of prostate cancer that doesn’t require treatment and can be tracked via regular checkups, referred to as “active surveillance.” This initial diagnosis was not particularly surprising. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States, and about 40 percent of men over age 65 — I’m 73 — have low-grade prostate cancer . Many of them never know it, and very few of them develop advanced disease.

Why am I going public about this cancer that many men are uncomfortable talking about? Because I want to lift the veil and share lifesaving information.

But in my case, things took a turn about a month ago when my PSA rose sharply to 22 — normal at my age is less than 5. An MRI scan showed that the tumor had significantly enlarged and might have even breached the capsule that surrounds the prostate, posing a significant risk that the cancer cells might have spread to other parts of the body.

New biopsies taken from the mass showed transformation into a much more aggressive cancer. When I heard the diagnosis was now a 9 on a cancer-grading scale that goes only to 10, I knew that everything had changed.

Thus, that PET scan, which was ordered to determine if the cancer had spread beyond the prostate, carried high significance. Would a cure still be possible, or would it be time to get my affairs in order? A few hours later, when my doctors showed me the scan results, I felt a rush of profound relief and gratitude. There was no detectable evidence of cancer outside of the primary tumor.

Later this month, I will undergo a radical prostatectomy — a procedure that will remove my entire prostate gland. This will be part of the same NIH research protocol — I want as much information as possible to be learned from my case, to help others in the future.

While there are no guarantees, my doctors believe I have a high likelihood of being cured by the surgery.

My situation is far better than my father’s when he was diagnosed with prostate cancer four decades ago. He was about the same age that I am now, but it wasn’t possible back then to assess how advanced the cancer might be. He was treated with a hormonal therapy that might not have been necessary and had a significant negative impact on his quality of life.

Because of research supported by NIH, along with highly effective collaborations with the private sector, prostate cancer can now be treated with individualized precision and improved outcomes.

As in my case, high-resolution MRI scans can now be used to delineate the precise location of a tumor. When combined with real-time ultrasound, this allows pinpoint targeting of the prostate biopsies. My surgeon will be assisted by a sophisticated robot named for Leonardo da Vinci that employs a less invasive surgical approach than previous techniques, requiring just a few small incisions.

Advances in clinical treatments have been informed by large-scale, rigorously designed trials that have assessed the risks and benefits and were possible because of the willingness of cancer patients to enroll in such trials.

I feel compelled to tell this story openly. I hope it helps someone. I don’t want to waste time.

If my cancer recurs, the DNA analysis that has been carried out on my tumor will guide the precise choice of therapies. As a researcher who had the privilege of leading the Human Genome Project , it is truly gratifying to see how these advances in genomics have transformed the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

I want all men to have the same opportunity that I did. Prostate cancer is still the No. 2 killer of men. I want the goals of the Cancer Moonshot to be met — to end cancer as we know it. Early detection really matters, and when combined with active surveillance can identify the risky cancers like mine, and leave the rest alone. The five-year relative survival rate for prostate cancer is 97 percent, according to the American Cancer Society , but it’s only 34 percent if the cancer has spread to distant areas of the body.

But lack of information and confusion about the best approach to prostate cancer screening have impeded progress. Currently, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all men age 55 to 69 discuss PSA screening with their primary-care physician, but it recommends against starting PSA screening after age 70.

Other groups, like the American Urological Association , suggest that screening should start earlier, especially for men with a family history — like me — and for African American men, who have a higher risk of prostate cancer. But these recommendations are not consistently being followed.

Our health-care system is afflicted with health inequities. For example, the image-guided biopsies are not available everywhere and to everyone. Finally, many men are fearful of the surgical approach to prostate cancer because of the risk of incontinence and impotence, but advances in surgical techniques have made those outcomes considerably less troublesome than in the past. Similarly, the alternative therapeutic approaches of radiation and hormonal therapy have seen significant advances.

A little over a year ago, while I was praying for a dying friend, I had the experience of receiving a clear and unmistakable message. This has almost never happened to me. It was just this: “Don’t waste your time, you may not have much left.” Gulp.

Having now received a diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer and feeling grateful for all the ways I have benefited from research advances, I feel compelled to tell this story openly. I hope it helps someone. I don’t want to waste time.

Francis S. Collins served as director of the National Institutes of Health from 2009 to 2021 and as director of the National Human Genome Research Institute at NIH from 1993 to 2008. He is a physician-geneticist and leads a White House initiative to eliminate hepatitis C in the United States, while also continuing to pursue his research interests as a distinguished NIH investigator.

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Essay on New Education Policy 2020

500+ words essay on new education policy 2020.

Education is a fundamental need and right of everyone now. In order to achieve our goals and help develop a just society, we need education. Similarly, education plays a great role in the national development of a nation. As we are facing a major change in terms of knowledge globally, the Government of India approved the National Education Policy 2020. This essay on new education policy 2020 will help you learn how this new policy has replaced the National Education Policy 1986 that is 34 years old.

Aim of the New Education Policy 2020

This new policy has the aim of universalizing education from pre-school to secondary level. It plans to do that with a 100% GRE (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in schooling. The plan is to achieve it by 2030.

This essay on new education policy 2020 will highlight the changes brought in by this new policy. Firstly, the policy proposes to open Indian higher education in foreign universities.

It aims to introduce a four-year multidisciplinary undergraduate program with various exit options. Thus, this new policy will strive to make the country of India a global knowledge superpower.

Similarly, it also aims to make all universities and colleges multi-disciplinary by the year 2040. Finally, the policy aims to grow employment in India and also bring fundamental changes to the present educational system.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Advantages and Disadvantages of New Education Policy 2020

The policy gives an advantage to students of classes 10 and 12 by making the board exams easier. In other words, it plans to test the core competencies instead of mere memorization of facts.

It will allow all the students to take the exam twice. Further, it proposes that an independent authority will be responsible for regulating both public and private schools . Similarly, the policy aims to diminish any severe separation between the educational streams and vocational streams in the schools.

There will also be no rigid division between extra-curriculum. Vocational education will begin at class sixth with an internship. Now, the essay on new education policy 2020 will tell you about the disadvantages of the policy.

Firstly, it can make the education system expensive. Meaning to say, admission to foreign universities will probably result in this. Further, it will create a lack of human resources.

If we look at the present elementary education, we notice that there is a lack of skilled teachers. Thus, keeping this in mind, the National Education Policy 2020 can give rise to practical problems in implementing the system that is for elementary education.

Finally, there is also the drawback of the exodus of teachers. In other words, admission to foreign universities will ultimately result in our skilled teachers migrating to those universities.

To conclude the essay on New Education Policy 2020, we can say that this policy is an essential initiative to help in the all-around development of our society and country as a whole. However, the implementation of this policy will greatly determine its success. Nonetheless, with a youth dominant population, India can truly achieve a better state with the proper implementation of this education policy.

FAQ of Essay on New Education Policy 2020

Question 1: What does the New Education Policy 2020 aim to achieve by 2030?

Answer 1: This new policy has the aim of universalizing education from pre-school to secondary level. It plans to do that with a 100% GRE (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in schooling. The plan is to achieve it by 2030.

Question 2: Give two challenges the New Education Policy 2020 may face?

Answer 2: Firstly, it can make the education system expensive. Meaning to say, admission to foreign universities will probably result in this. Further, it will create a lack of human resources.

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Guest Essay

Immigrant Detention Should Have No Place in Our Society

By Ana Raquel Minian

Dr. Minian is a professor of history at Stanford who has written extensively about immigration to the United States.

In May 2018, Fernando Arredondo and his 12-year-old daughter, Andrea, reached the U.S.-Mexico border. The two had fled Guatemala after gang members killed his son, Marco, and threatened the rest of the family.

Weeks earlier, the Trump administration had introduced the zero-tolerance policy: Adult migrants who were caught crossing the border without permission were to be prosecuted and imprisoned, and the children traveling with them taken away and detained separately.

Mr. Arredondo was not aware of the new policy, but it should not have mattered. He did not cross the border illegally. He and Andrea walked to a Border Patrol processing center in Laredo, Texas, and asked for asylum, a right guaranteed by U.S. law. Still, an immigration official took Andrea from Mr. Arredondo and placed them in different cells. Hours later, the officials lined up a group of children, including Andrea, and drove them away without explanation.

The next day, Mr. Arredondo was transported to a different facility. When he arrived, his eyes fell on the vastness of the complex, which was surrounded by razor wire and policed by guards. Even though he had not broken the law, he now found himself at the Rio Grande Detention Center, a holding facility for men that was run by the GEO Group, a private prison corporation.

The United States was founded on the notion that it welcomes “huddled masses yearning to breathe free,” but it is also a nation of prisoners. Mr. Arredondo’s story sheds light on how immigrant detention overlaps with America’s prison system.

In theory, the purposes of detention and imprisonment are distinct. Unlike people held by the criminal justice system, detained immigrants are not being penalized for breaking the law; they are being held while they wait for permission to enter the country or until they are removed or deported. Nonetheless, the nation’s detention and prison systems have grown side by side, buttressed by the same logic and practice.

In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which barred Chinese labor immigrants from entering the country. At the time, there were no federal immigrant detention centers to hold immigrants whose eligibility was in question or who were slated for deportation. In San Francisco — where a significant portion of Chinese immigrants landed — some were detained in the county jail.

These immigrants — many of whom had the right to enter the United States — were caged while they waited for inspectors to decide whether they could enter the country. Their race, rather than their actions, determined whether they spent time behind bars.

Ellis Island opened its doors a decade later. While it is commonly thought of as the gateway to America, the site also detained immigrants for health or legal reasons. By then, immigration law prohibited entry not only to Chinese laborers but to multiple groups of “undesirable people” among whom were those deemed “insane,” “idiots,” or “likely to become a public charge.” Some were held in overcrowded, lice-infested compartments that had wire for walls and windows that were boarded shut.

Immigrant detention changed dramatically in 1980, after the arrival of nearly 125,000 Cubans from the port of Mariel. Thousands of Cubans were placed in military bases while they waited to be processed. Approximately 400 men who could not find sponsors willing to take financial responsibility for them while they settled into life in the United States were sent to the maximum-security federal penitentiary in Atlanta.

Others, like Pedro Prior-Rodriguez, ended up in the prison for reasons that would be incomprehensible to most Americans. Soon after he arrived, he was mugged and severely beaten on the streets of Rochester, N.Y. During the attack he lost one of his eyes and ended up in the hospital. But when it became clear that Mr. Prior-Rodriguez “required a treatment not available,” immigration officials revoked his parole and instead sent him to the Atlanta penitentiary.

The Reagan administration used immigrant detention to expand the prison system. In 1982 the deputy attorney general, Edward C. Schmults, recommended the construction of both an immigration detention center and a federal prison by stating that the Cuban exiles “put great additional pressure on our already overcrowded federal prison system.” Legislators upheld the idea that more facilities were needed because of Mariel Cubans.

Immigrant detention also played a key role in the development of one of the most criticized parts of the carceral system: its reliance on private prisons. In 1984 the Corrections Corporation of America opened the first completely privately run prison in the United States. It was a detention center. Today the Corrections Corporation, rebranded as CoreCivic, is one of the largest private prison contractors in the United States. Along with other for-profit prison companies, it has spent large sums in lobbying and campaign distributions .

In 2022, 8 percent of state and federal prisoners were caged in private prisons. As of July 2023, more than 90 percent of people detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement were held in facilities owned or operated by private prison corporations.

Like the nation’s prisons, immigrant detention centers tend to be located far from urban hubs, beyond the easy reach of scrutiny. As such, few Americans are aware of the terrible abuses that happen inside some of these facilities. Reports written by experts hired by the Department of Homeland Security found that detainees were held in unsanitary and unsafe conditions, received negligent medical care and were subject to racist abuse.

Immigrant detention does not make us safer. Rather than caging migrants and refugees, the government should allow them to reside with friends, family or community members in the United States while it examines their cases.

Mr. Arredondo and Andrea now live in Los Angeles with the rest of their family. They were lucky; not only was the family reunited, but they have been granted asylum. But he and his family deserved better. So do all those who are currently entrapped in our vast detention system. Immigrant detention should have no place in our society.

Ana Raquel Minian is a professor of history at Stanford. This essay has been adapted from their new book, “In the Shadow of Liberty.”

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