how to describe a process diagram essay

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How To Write an IELTS Process Diagram Essay

An IELTS process diagram question can contain a wide variety of different types of graphics. It could be a natural process such as the water cycle, a manufacturing process or a diagram of a system.

Using these 5 steps will help you to write a high-scoring process diagram essay:

1)  Analyse the question

2)  Identify the main features

3)  Write an introduction

4)  Write an overview

5)  Write the details paragraphs

In this lesson, we’re going to work through the 5 stages step-by-step as we answer a practice question.

Before we begin, here’s a model essay structure that you can use as a guideline for all IELTS Academic Task 1 questions.

Ideally, your essay should have 4 paragraphs:

Paragraph 1  – Introduction

Paragraph 2  – Overview

Paragraph 3  – 1 st  main feature

Paragraph 4  – 2 nd  main feature

We now have everything we need to begin planning and writing our IELTS process diagram essay.

Here’s our practice question:

The diagrams below show a structure that is used to generate electricity from wave power.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Generating Electricity From The Sea

Source: Official website IELTS Essentials

Step 1 –  Analyse the question

The format of every Academic Task 1 question is the same, with the instruction sentence (highlighted below) identical in every question. Here is our practice question again.

Every question consists of:

• Sentence 1 – A brief description of the graphic
• Sentence 2 – The instructions
• The graphic – diagram, chart, graph, table, etc.

Sentence 2 tells you what you have to do.

You must do 3 things:

1.     Select the main features.

2.     Write about the main features.

3.     Compare the main features.

All three tasks refer to the ‘ main features ’ of the graphic. You  do not  have to write about everything. Just pick out 2 or 3 key features and you’ll have plenty to write about.

Step 2 – Identify the Main Features

The graphic in IELTS process diagram questions should not be difficult to understand. There are not usually any numbers to analyse as in other types of question, just a diagram to interpret or, as in our practice question, two diagrams which each show part of the process.

All you are looking for are the main features. These should be the easiest things to spot. There will be lots of information in the graphic to help you identify them, especially, titles, labels and captions.

Here are some useful questions to ask?

1) Is it a linear or a cyclical process?

A linear process starts and finishes at different places. It will often involve the manufacture or creation of something, starting with the raw materials going in at one end and the finished product coming out the other end. An example of this can be seen in this diagram from a past IELTS process diagram question about the manufacture of bricks.

Linear process

A cyclical process, on the other hand, is a process that goes back to the beginning and repeats over and over again, such as the life cycle of a frog or a butterfly.

Cyclical process

2) Where does the process start and end?

For a linear process this will usually be obvious. It may be harder to determine for a cyclical process so it’s important that you examine the graphic carefully to find out.

3) How many steps are there to the process?

If there are a lot, it can be helpful to number them from 1 to whatever number the final stage is.

4) Can the process be easily broken down into stages?

In the brick-making graphic, for example, there are three stages:

a) Creating the bricks from clay

b) Manufacturing the finished product by drying and firing

c) Packaging and delivery

In the life cycle graphic above, there are also three distinct stages as the frog passes through different stages of development – egg, juvenile, adult.

5) What are the raw materials? What is produced at the end of the process?

These questions obviously apply only to manufacturing processes.

For other types of process, it might be more appropriate to ask the following question.

6) What is the end result of the process?

This question is relevant for our practice IELTS process diagram question which shows a process that creates something using a particular structure. The end result is the production of electricity.

So, what main features stand out in our practice graphic? Here it is again.

This graphic doesn’t contain very much detail. There are only two stages to the process:

Stage 1:  Electricity is generated as the wave flows into the structure (Diagram A).

Stage 2:  Electricity is also created as the receding wave draws air back down the column (Diagram B).

Other diagrams are more complex and you have to go through them stage by stage to work out what’s happening and then pick out just 2 or 3 main feature to write about.

The key features you select will be the starting point for your essay. You will then go on to add more detail later. However, with just 20 minutes allowed for Task 1, and a requirement of only 150 words, you won't be able to include many details.

We’re now ready to begin writing our essay. Here’s a reminder of the 4 part structure we’re going to use.

Step 3 – Write an Introduction 

In the introduction, you should simply paraphrase the question, that is, say the same thing in a different way. You can do this by using synonyms and changing the sentence structure. For example:

Introduction (Paragraph 1): 

The two diagrams illustrate a method of creating electricity from the force of waves using a specifically designed man-made construction.

This is all you need to do for the introduction.

Step 4 – Write an Overview (Paragraph 2)

In the second paragraph, you should give a general description of the diagram/s or process. The detail comes later in the essay.

State the information simply using synonyms where possible. No elaborate vocabulary or grammar structures are required, just the appropriate words and correct verb tenses.

For example:

Overview  (Paragraph 2): 

The structure, consisting of a wave chamber and a tall column containing a turbine, is erected on a steeply sloping coastal cliff or sea wall where it is subject to the movement of the ocean waves.

Step 5  – Write the 1st Detail Paragraph

Paragraphs 3 and 4 of your IELTS process diagram essay are where you include more detailed information. In paragraph 3, you should explain the first key feature in more detail.

For this question, we will expand on the first stage of the process. Here it is again:

Stage 1: Electricity is generated as the wave flows into the structure (Diagram A).

And this is an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 3 :

The first diagram shows how the incoming wave fills a large chamber and forces the air inside this space up the column and through the turbine. The pressure of the air rotates the turbine which generates a current of electricity. The process does not end there for the structure is able to continue producing power as the sea recedes as can be seen in the second diagram.

Step 6  – Write the 2nd Detail Paragraph

For the fourth and final paragraph, you do the same thing for your remaining key features or, for this question, the second stage of the process.

Here it is again:

Stage 2: Electricity is also created as the receding wave draws air back down the column (Diagram B).

Here’s an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 4 :

As the water now flows away from the structure, it draws air back down the column and downwards through the turbine in the same direction as the previous upward flow of air. The turbine continues to turn thus generating even more electricity. 

Here are the four paragraphs brought together to create our finished essay.

Finished IELTS Process Diagram Essay

This sample IELTS process diagram essay is just over the minimum word limit so you can see that you don’t have space to include very much detail at all. That’s why it is essential to select just a couple of main features to write about.

Now use what you’ve learnt in this lesson to practice answering other IELTS process diagram questions. Start slowly at first and keep practicing until you can plan and write a complete essay in around 20 minutes.

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IELTS Writing task 1: describing a diagram

In this lesson you will learn how to describe a diagram in IELTS Writing task 1 .

We will deal with a process diagram . Although diagrams are not very common in IELTS, they do appear in Writing and are very different from other types of graphs you can get. So it's a good idea to learn how to structure your answer when describing a diagram.

• See IELTS Writing digram question
• Learn how to write a band 9 answer
• Learn useful vocabulary
• See video tutorial

As an example, let's take a look at the following question card:

The diagram illustrates how steel rods are manufactured in the furniture industry.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

You can watch a video tutorial on how to describe diagrams in IELTS Academic Writing task 1:

• Introduction
• General overview
• Specific features

Now we'll take a look at each part of the answer.

1. Introduction

The first paragraph of your answer should be an introduction. For the introduction, you need to paraphrase the topic in your own words. It shouldn't be longer that 2 sentences.

And this is a possible way to write your introduction:

You could also write the introduction in another way:

In fact, there are plenty of ways to write your introduction. Just keep in mind that you should use synonyms and paraphrase the topic from your question card.

2. Overview

• how the process begins and ends
• the number of stages

If the diagram has loops or repeating stages, or your process is cyclic - write that in your overview too!

Here is a good way to write a general overview:

Overall, the process consists of eleven stages, beginning with the raw material and ending up with the product’s inspection.

Always use word overall to start your overview. This way you will indicate the examiner that you’re describing general trends.

3. Specific features

After you've given the overview, you should write about specific details of your diagram. To do that, you need to describe each stage of your process in detail . Don't forget that you should provide information in a logical way!

This is a possible way of describing the specific features of our diagram:

First of all, iron ore, yellow ore and carbon are collected to serve as a raw material for steel rods manufacturing. After that, the raw material is melted in a melting slit, where it is heated to a temperature in range of 1300-1500 °C. The melted mass is then transferred to a smelting cabin to undergo refinement. Next, the candescent metal is put in a pouring machine and poured into ingots.

In the next stage, the ingots are connected to a cooling reservoir, where the temperature falls to 60-100 °C. Metal goes through special nozzles and cools down, forming strands. Following this, the metal strands proceed to rollers that change their shape. Next, the products are put into a heating machine, where they undergo heat treatment. Subsequently, a measuring automaton completes a surface check of the products.

After that, the metal rods are sized by special cutters and get ID stamping. Finally, the products undergo inspection and are ready for use.

Using connectors

• first of all
• in the next stage
• following this
• subsequently

Using additional information

Your diagram will often provide you some additional information and hints for most stages of the process. Make sure that you use all that information while describing specific features of your diagram!

However, sometimes you may see that some stage lacks information for description . For example, we only know that the third stage of our process is called refinement and it happens in a smelting cabin . But we don't know what exactly happens during this stage.

In this case, you can use a verb to undergo . To undergo = to experience. For example, you can write: " the material undergoes refinement in a smelting cabin ".

And don't forget that you should NOT write a conclusion in Writing task 1 as you're not giving your opinion, you're describing the data.

Practice. Choose the correct options:

• The table shows the amount of students who study abroad in 2001 and 2011. The table shows the number of students who study abroad in 2001 and 2011.

Amount or number? Note that students are countable.

• The graph illustrate China's annual growth rate of exports of goods. The graph illustrates China's annual growth rate of exports of goods.

Look at the verb that follows the word graph . Hmm, the graph should be singular, so illustrates is the correct option.

• The line graph shows how many Finnish people went to the cinema between June and October 2014. The line graph shows how much Finnish people went to the cinema between June and October 2014.

You can say how much water or how much effort (these nouns are uncountable). But people are countable, so you should use how many in this case.

• The pie charts compare the world population of 1900 with 2000 . The pie charts compare the world population in 1900 and 2000 .

You should use phrase in + year , not of + year or at + year . Moreover, it seems like you compare population with year in the first sentence.

• The bar chart gives information about average household expenditure in Japan. The bar chart shows information about average household expenditure in Japan.

You can use either gives information about or shows , but not both at the same time.

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IELTS Writing Task 1 Process Diagram Tips, Vocabulary

Updated On Dec 08, 2023

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IELTS Writing Prediction Questions for 2024

In IELTS Writing Task 1, different types of graphs, charts, maps or process diagrams are given on the basis of which you have write your report. 

In Process diagrams, there are 2 types of processes which include Manufacturing Process (MP) and Natural Process (NP). Passive voice is preferred for MP while NP is active voice.

Below are some useful tips,  sentence structures and vocabulary for this IELTS Writing Task 1. 

• Follow the same initial steps for writing about a graph.
• In the introduction you can use: The diagram/picture/chart shows/illustrates/describes/depicts the process of/how… For example: Topic : The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts. ==> Essay: The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to  forecast  the weather.
• Find a starting point and write the process as a series of steps
• Useful connecting words you can use are:
• first/firstly/first of all, to star with, … or   The first step | is involved + Ving                                  
• secondly, thirdly
• then/next/after that/following that/following on from this, …
• subsequently/in the subsequent stage/ subsequent to that, finally..

==> Example: To begin with , the food is processed. The next step is when it is packed. Finally , it is delivered.

Prepositions: At the beginning of…/ At the end of…

Use the following conjunctions to make more complex sentences

– when/once/as soon as/immediately/whereas….

Eg: Once obtained, raw materials and manufactured components are stored for later assembly

The manufacturing stages involve the storage, assembly, inspection, packing to the sales methods whereas the research stages include market & product research, design and advertisement.

– before + clause or gerund

Eg: Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished products ready for sale.

– after + clause or gerund

Eg: After the production planning is complete the assembly, inspection, testing and packaging stages are done sequentially.

– where/from where/after which

Eg: Assembly first depends upon the production planning stage, where it is decided how and in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of finished goods.

Useful Sentence Structures

X=The chart/diagram….

1, X (shows/describes/illustrates) how + clause

E.g: The diagram below shows how salt is removed from sea water to make it drinkable

2, X (shows/describe/illustrates) + noun

E.g: The charts below show the result of public survey

3, X (provides/gives) information about……….

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.  Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

(Post your writing in the comment, your writing will be corrected in 24 hours)

• IELTS Writing tips
• IELTS Writing recent actual test
• IELTS Writing Answer sheet
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Frequently Asked Questions

How to attempt an IELTS process diagram essay?

How is Grammar and Vocabulary important when writing the process diagram essay?

Can contractions or idioms be used for describing process diagrams in the IELTS Writing Task 1?

What words and phrases to avoid in the process diagram essay?

Is it always necessary to paraphrase the question in the process diagram of IELTS Academic Writing Task 1?

Practice IELTS Writing Task 1 based on report types

Proven tips to score Band 9 in IELTS Writing

Nafia Zuhana is an experienced content writer and IELTS Trainer. Currently, she is guiding students who are appearing for IELTS General and Academic exams through ieltsmaterial.com. With an 8.5 score herself, she trains and provides test takers with strategies, tips, and nuances on how to crack the IELTS Exam. She holds a degree in Master of Arts – Creative Writing, Oxford Brookes University, UK. She has worked with The Hindu for over a year as an English language trainer.

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14 comments.

Jiji paul P

Posted on Jul 16, 2021

The diagram provides information regarding the production of bricks for the construction field. Overall, the manufacturing of clay bricks contains eight stages which start from digging of clay to the delivery. First of all, the clay has been signed out of the land with the help of a digger and put this raw material into a metal grid with a roll where the mud has been powdered and filtered. Next, it has been mixed with sand and water. After this step, the material goes for shaping which is of two-mode, one is by using a wire cutter and the other is using traditional moulds. In the next stage, the bricks get transferred to a drying oven where the bricks being kept for 24-48 hours. Later proceed into a container with two layers of the kiln where the moderate (200°C-980°C) and high temperatures of 870°C to 1300°C respectively as well as a cooling layer where the product has been kept for 48-72 hours. The final property has shifted for packaging purpose then get delivered to customers.

ABHIROOP GHOSE

Posted on Sep 13, 2018

This diagram demonstrates the process of making bricks that used for the building industry. Overall, it can clearly be seen that, the process of manufacturing industrial bricks consists of 7 steps. Starting by digging the ground and ends by delivery. To begin, the first step is producing the clay which used to make the bricks by digging the ground using a large digger. Then the clay placed into a metal grid to break up the clay into small pieces, a roller is used to help in this step. After that, the clay is mixed with sand and water, then this mixture is turned into bricks by either putting it into a mould or using a wire cutter.

Following this, the bricks transferred to the drying oven to dry for 24-48 hrs. Subsequently, using a large kin, the bricks exposed to moderate temperature(200-980)then high temperature(200-1300).Next, the bricks are cooled in a cooling chamber for 2-3 days. Finally, the bricks are packed and delivered to their destinations.

Chandra Khanal

Posted on Dec 25, 2019

Step 1 (Paraphrase the question or re- introduce the topic) The diagram explains the way in which bricks are made for the building industry.

Step 2 Specific Details 1 (Just look at 4 processes only) To begin, the clay used to make the bricks is extracted from the ground by a large digger. This clay is then placed onto a metal grid, which is used to break up the clay into smaller pieces. A roller assists in this process. Following this, sand and water is added to the clay, and this mixture is turned into bricks by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cutter. Next, these bricks are kept in an oven to dry for 24 – 48 hours.

Step 3 Specific Details 3 (Take the last three steps) In the subsequent stage, the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. They are heated in a kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c), followed by a cooling process in a chamber for 2 – 3 days. Finally, the bricks are packed and delivered to their destinations.

Step 4 (Write an overview) Overall, there are seven steps in the process, beginning with the digging up of clay and culminating in delivery.

IELTS Material

Posted on Sep 29, 2018

It is a well-organized answer.Keep it up!

Sitti Mardiya Askali Sariol

Posted on Oct 21, 2017

The diagram indicates the method that is utilized in making bricks for building industry. It is shown here that the process will begin at the site where clay are dug by a digging vehicle. The obtained clay will then undergo a process whereby it is strained, to separate the large pieces from the fine ones. The finer clay will be submitted to a roller where it will be led to either a molding or cutting equipment, through which bricks are created. Once the bricks are made, they will be subjected to for drying in an oven for 24-48 hours. The drying process is of two steps, first is with the use of moderate heat which is 200- 980 degree Celsius, secondly is drying in a 870- 1300 degree Celsius of heat. Once the bricks were dried, they will be locked in a cooling chamber for 48- 72 hours. After two to three days, these materials will be ready and will be prepared for packaging. Finally, the product will be delivered through a lorry to an industrial consumer.

novie manerwap

Posted on Oct 15, 2017

The picture shows the process in producing bricks for the building industry. Firstly, a digger is used to collect clay from the ground which is then transported to the manufacturing site and placed on a metal grid in a roller machine where it is pulverized further and segregated from soil and other impurities. Secondly, sand and water is mixed with the clay, after which the mixture is placed in a mould. Next, the molded clay is cut into small bricks using a wire cutter that is passed through each mould. After this, the cut bricks are processed in a drying oven for 24-48 hours. When the drying period is finished, the bricks are placed in a kiln with varying temperatures from moderate (200-980 degrees) to high (870-1000 degrees) to desiccate the blocks more. The last step in the process is to cool the cinders where it is placed in a chamber for 48-72 hours. Lastly , the finished products are packed then placed in a truck where it is delivered for use in the construction industry.

Posted on Aug 11, 2017

the diagram given provide information about how the bricks are made to be used in building industry. at the first sight it can be clearly seen that the process is divided into 7 main phases. in the first stage , a digger is used to gather the clay from the ground. then , the collected clay is filterized through a grid made from metal. the outcome clay is put on a roller. after that sand and water are added to the clay. the next step is divided into 2 different ways.the clay is cut by a wire cutter or put into a mould and outcome from the 2 stages are the bricks. after the bricks are made , it’s placed in a drying oven or 24 to 48 hours. after the required time finished , the bricks are sent to 2 kilns. the first kiln is with moderate heat(200 to 980 c) and the following kiln is with high heat ( 870 to 1300 c) . at the end of this stage bricks are sent to a cooling chamber for 2 to 3 days. at the end the packaging phase starts. then the bricks are ready to be used in building and it is transferred to the building points by trucks. all in all, the process is divided into 7 stages (gathering – filtering- cutting- drying-heating-packaging and delivering)

Posted on Jul 6, 2017

The picture depicts the process by which the paper and pulps are produced. Overall, it is clear that there are 13 main steps in the process of making paper and pulps, starting from cutting wood and ending with making paper rolls and paper bales. At the first step of the process, once chopped down, the wood is then chipped. Following to this, it goes through digester and becomes a piece of paper, after which in pull screen the paper is then cleaned up. In the next stage, after going through 4 stages, namely pulp former, pulp driers, pulp reel, and pulp cutter, it turns into paper bales. When it comes to the production of refined paper for printing, having got rid of some skins, paper is then dried. Subsequently, paper mixed with some water is pressed and paper also is pressed. Final stage of the process is that after drying the paper for some period of time, it then becomes paper roll.

agostinopalomba

Posted on Nov 18, 2016

The diagram below shows how processing works would be used to manufacture bricks for build industry. The first step is involved by a digger which cach the clay for putting above a metal grid, over a huge roller, after that a mixing of clay with a certain quantity of sand and a good amount of water make something that will be pass trough a wire cutter and than after this passage, any catted pieces was putted into a mould that give this a particular kind of shape. After that many pieces of these must be moved inside a dring oven for 24/ 48 hours at a variable temperature, firstly at a moderate temperature between 200° and 980°, secondly after this first step the temperature goes high until reach a minimum valu of 870° and without overweith 1300°. Finally this big block will be moved inside a cooling chamber for 48/72 hours and then will be packaged and delivery starting.

Posted on Sep 16, 2016

THE ABOVE DIAGRAM REPRESENTS THE PROCESS THAT IS USED TO MANUFACTURE BRICKS FOR BUILDING INDUSTRY.THERE ARE VARIOUS STEPS INVOLVED IN IT FIRSTLY IT STARTS WITH CLAY WHICH IS COLLECTED WITH THE HELP OF THE DIGGER .WITH THE HELP OF METAL GRID THE CLAY IS FLITTERED BY USING ROLLERS .FURTHER IT IS PROCESSED BY ADDING SOME AMOUNT OF SAND AND WATER INTO IT .NOW WE HAVE TWO METHODS TO SHAPE UP THE BRICK THAT IS EITHER WE CAN USE A RECTANGULAR MOULD WITH PROPER DIMENSIONS OR WITH THE HELP OF THE WIRE CUTTER BRICKS CAN BE CUT INDIVIDUALLY INTO A PROPER SHAPE . NOW THE BRICKS FORMED ARE KEPT IN OVEN FOR ABOUT 24-48 HOURS TO GIVE SOME SORT OF HEATING SENSATIONS .FROM OVEN THE BRICKS ARE SHIFTED TO KLIN WHERE THE BURNING PROCESS TAKES PLACE FIRSTLY AT MODERATE TEMPRATURE AND AFTER SOME TIME THE TEMPRATURE IS INCREASED SLIGHTLY . FROM KILN THE BRICKS ARE SHIFTED INTO A COOLING CHAMBER FOR ABOUT 2-3 DAYS TO GIVE SOME COOLING EFFECT. AND THE PROCESS ENDS UP WITH A LAST STEP THAT IS PACKAGING, AND ALL SET READY TO DELIVER IT TO CUSTOMERS ACROSS INDIA .

Posted on Aug 23, 2016

Firstly the earth is dug out using the digger.This earth is loaded on to a conveyor belt made of metal where in only the sand particals are filtered out to be mixed with the right quantity of water.Next, the mixture is either passed through a mould where a wire is used to cut the continuous mixture at certain intervals where it takes the form of bricks or the mixture is poured into moulds to take the desired shape. These bricks or the moulds are then loaded into a drying oven for a duration of 1 to 2 days.After this process they are moved into a brick Kiln where in the bricks undergo a gradual cooking starting temperatures from 200 degree Celsius to high as 1300 degree Celsius. They are then shifted into a cooling chamber where in they undergo a gradual cooling which can last up to 3 days.These bricks are then ready for packaging and ready for delivery to various customers all across India.

Posted on Jul 29, 2016

The presented infographic reveals the chain method, which is applied to manufacture brick for the industry construction.

The process starts with digger digging for the clay as the main raw materials for brick. Thenafter, a metal grinder will be used to grind the clay and the clay will be rolled in a roller and mixed withe sand and water on the clay. Now, for shaping the brick there will involve two substitute method, either using a wire cutter or using a mould.

Further, the well shaped bricks will be kept on a drying oven for 24 to 48 hours before moving them to kiln under the moderate temperature. Likewise, from moderate kiln, the bricks will be shifted to high and cooling temperature respectively. And, finally the brick will be ready for use and will be caked and forwarded for delivery.

Overall, manufacturing brick is a five step process before it’s final outcome

Posted on Jun 30, 2016

the picture shows the procedure of producing bricks for purpose of constructing buildings.

according to the diagram ,first of all clay collected from the ground using a digger.then collected clay send thru a metal grind and a roller to make into small pieces.next water and sand are added to the piece of metal and mix up well.after that this mixture turn into the bricks via wire cutter or mould..Following on from this ,before burning these bricks store in a drying oven for one to two days.at the last stage dried bricks are restored in a kiln and let it burn at moderate temperature (200-980),high temperature (870-1300) and once it burned keep it in a cooling chamber for two ,three days before packaging.finally these ready to use bricks are packed and delivered to the destination where it required..

Posted on Jul 1, 2016

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IELTS Process Diagram

It is less common in the writing test, but sometimes you will get an IELTS process diagram to describe.

This should follow the same format as any task 1:

• Introduce the diagram
• Give an overview of the main point/s
• Give the detail

Follow this link about how to write a task 1.  However, there are different types of task 1 ( line graphs, pie charts, maps etc ) and each requires knowledge of a certain type of language .

This lesson will look at how to write an IELTS process diagram for task 1.

We also have a video lesson on writing an IELTS Process.

What is an IELTS Process Diagram?

To begin, look at this question:

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task .

The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

A process will have a number of stages that are in time order .  So you should start at the beginning, and describe each stage through to the last one.

In the example above, this is fairly clear. It begins with the digging of the clay, and ends with delivery. Processes are not always this clear, and you may have to look more carefully to spot the beginning, and there may also be two things happening at the same time .

So it is important that you look at other sample processes to get a good understanding of how they can vary.

The Key Writing Steps

Introduce the diagram.

As with any task 1, you can begin by  paraphrasing the rubric :

The diagram explains the way in which bricks are made for the building industry.

As you can see, this has been taken from the question, but it has not been copied. You need to write it in your own words.

Highlight the Main Points

An IELTS process diagram is different to a line, bar, pie chart or table in that there are not usually key changes or trends to identify.  However, you should still  give an overview  of what is taking place.

The IELTS  public band descriptors  state that to achieve a band 6 or more for ‘ task response ’ the student must  provide an overview  in a task 1.

As there are no trends to comment on, you can make a comment on, for example, the  number of stages in the process  and how it  begins and ends :

Overall, there are eight stages in the process, beginning with the digging up of clay and culminating in delivery.

Give the Detail

Now you need to explain the IELTS process diagram, and there are two key aspects of language associated with this:

1) Time Connectors

A process is a  series of events , one taking place after the other.  Therefore, to connect your stages, you should use ‘ time connectors ’. 

Here is the rest of the answer with the time connectors highlighted (notice that you simply go from the beginning to the end of the process):

To begin , the clay used to make the bricks is dug up from the ground by a large digger. This clay is  then  placed onto a metal grid, which is used to break up the clay into smaller pieces. A roller assists in this process.

Following this , sand and water are added to the clay, and this mixture is turned into two differing types of brick by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cutter.  Next , these bricks are placed in an oven to dry for 24 – 48 hours.

In the subsequent stage , the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. They are heated in a kiln at a moderate and  then  a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c),  followed by  a cooling process in a chamber for 2 – 3 days.  Finally , the bricks are packed and delivered to their destinations.

These connectors are the same you would use to write a graph over time  when you explain a series of changes.

These are some common IELTS process diagram connectors:

To begin Following this Next Then After After that Before** Subsequently Finally

** If you use  before , this means that you will be mentioning a later stage before an earlier stage, so you need to use it carefully.  If you can use it properly though, it will get noticed. 

Here is an example using stages four and five:

Before being dried in the oven, the mixture is turned into bricks by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cutter.

2) The Passive

When we describe an IELTS process that involves humans (a man-made process as opposed to a natural one), the focus is on  the activities , NOT the person doing them. 

When this is the case, we use  the  passive voice , not the active. For a natural process , such as the life-cycle of a frog, we use active as there is not a person doing the activity in the diagram.

This is a brief explanation of how to use the passive voice, but if you are new or unsure about using it, you should do some further study and practice.

Most sentences use this structure:

• Subject  +  Verb  +  Object
• A large digger   digs up   the clay in the ground.

In the active voice (as above), the digger is doing the verb i.e. the digger is doing the digging.

When we use the passive voice, we make the object (the clay) the subject, and make the subject (the digger) the object. We also add in the verb ‘to be’ and the past participle (or Verb 3).

• (S) The clay in the ground (V) is dug up (O) by the digger.

So throughout most of your description for your IELTS process diagram, you should be using the passive voice. 

This is difficult as some verbs cannot take the passive. For example, 'to go' cannot be passive, so it is kept in the active voice:

• ...the bricks go through a heating and cooling process.

This is why you need to make sure you practice the passive so you know exactly how to use it.

Also, as you will see from the description, it is more usual to to comment on who or what is doing the action so the ' by.... " phrase is excluded.

Here is the same example description with uses of the passive highlighted:

The Passive Voice:

To begin, the clay (which)  is   used  to make the bricks  is dug up  from the ground by a large digger. This clay is then placed onto a metal grid,  onto a metal grid, which  is used  to break up the clay into smaller pieces. A roller assists in this process.

Following this, sand and water  are added  to the clay, and this mixture  is turned  into bricks by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cutter. Next, these bricks  are placed  in an oven to dry for 24 – 48 hours.

In the subsequent stage, the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. They  are heated  in a kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c), followed by a cooling process in a chamber for 2 – 3 days. Finally, the bricks  are packed  and  delivered   to their destinations.

Varying your Language

Sometimes it may be appropriate just to use the same language that you are given in the IELTS process diagram to describe it, but you should try to vary it.

You may be able to use nouns from the diagram as your verbs.  For example, the noun packaging in stage seven becomes:

Finally, the bricks are packed …

Follow this link from the model task 1 pages to see a full IELTS process diagram model answer for this process.

More Task 1 Academic Lessons:

IELTS Process Writing Sample: The manufacture of tea

View an IELTS process writing sample answer with comments. In this sample answer you have to describe the process of making difference types of green tea.

Take an IELTS Quiz to test your IELTS knowledge

IELTS Quizzes to test and train you on the writing task and task 2 of the IELTS test. Gap fills and multiple choice.

Describing IELTS Graphs: Tips to avoid a common mistake

IELTS Graphs: A common mistake In IELTS graphs is to get the subject of the graph wrong. This lesson explains how this mistake is made and show you what you need to do to avoid it. There is a also a practice exercise.

IELTS Process Diagram: The manufacture of bricks

With an IELTS process in academic task one you sometimes have to describe a process diagram rather than a bar chart or line graph. View a sample question plus model answer.

Useful Language for IELTS Graphs

This useful language for IELTS graphs looks at phrases for introducing graphs and describing changes

Prepositions in Graphs Quiz: Between; from; to; at; of; in; with; by

Prepositions in Graphs: Practice using prepositions in the IELTS test. View a model answer and practice using a gap fill.

Which Tenses for IELTS are the Most Important?

Candidates often ask which tenses for IELTS are needed in order to do well in the exam. This lesson goes through the grammar tenses and how they apply to the test.

IELTS Pie Chart Strategies and Tips for a Band 7, 8 or 9

This IELTS pie chart lesson provides you with tips and advice on how to describe an IELTS Pie Chart in order to get a Band 7, 8 or 9.

IELTS Task 1 Process: How chocolate is produced

This IELTS Task 1 Process Diagram is about the production of Chocolate Production. In a process you usually have to describe a process of making something.

IELTS Table: Tips and techniques for a high score.

IELTS Table advice for a high score. Learn how to describe an IELTS table, which is just another way to present data.

How to Describe an IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Graph

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: This lesson describes in a simple way how you should describe a graph for the academic part of the test for task 1. You need an introduction, overview and body paragraphs. These simple steps will show you how, and how to get a high score.

Describing Graph Trends Using the Language of Change

Describing graph trends: In IELTS you must know how to describe the trends that you see in the graph you are given. This lesson provides practice with some common language used to describe trends.

IELTS Process Exercise: Master your skills for the passive voice

IELTS Process Exercise Gap Fill: This teaches you how to use the passive voice for IELTS Task 1

Writing Tips for a Graph in the Future in IELTS Academic

Graph in the future: Sometimes graphs in IELTS refer to a future time. You must know the language to write about these. In this lesson, learn how to write about an IELTS graph in the future. Getting the tenses right is an important part of the IELTS writing task 1.

IELTS Task 1 Verb Quiz: Practice for processes and the passive voice

In this IELTS Task 1 Verb Quiz you can test yourself on choosing the right verb in a sample process diagram. This provides practice with the passive voice.

Learn Compare and Contrast Language for IELTS Graphs

Compare and Contrast Language: In the academic IELTS task 1, you have to know the right language if you want to get a band 7 or higher. Practice your IELTS language for bar charts in this task 1 writing lesson.

Describing an IELTS task 1 graph over time

This lesson shows you how to write an IELTS task 1 graph or chart that is over time.

Tips for Organising an IELTS Line Graph

Organising an IELTS Line Graph - This lesson shows you have to improve the coherency of your graph in order to achieve a high band score.

IELTS Bar and Line Graph: How to describe two graphs together

This Bar and Line Graph example shows you how you can write about two charts together in the IELTS test for task 1, with strategies and techniques.

IELTS Task 1 Line Graph Structure Using Groups

For an IELTS Task 1 Line Graph there are different ways to organise your answer. Grouping information is a good way to get a logically structured response.

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IELTS writing task 1: The process of making milk and cheese

Writing task 1 ielts academic process diagram..

Updated: April 2024

Describing a process in  IELTS academic writing task 1 needs specific grammar, such as the passive and sequencers for showing how something is made or processed. In this lesson, I will look at how to use accurate vocabulary and grammar, the correct structure, and a model answer for a diagram showing how milk, cheese, and butter are made for commercial sale.

In this lesson we will look at:

1. Example of a process diagram task.

2. ielts academic writing task 1 structure., 3. grammar needed for a process diagram., 4. example task and model answer., example process diagram..

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the production and processing of milk and dairy products for commercial sale.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

IELTS academic writing task 1 always has the same structure. In writing about process diagrams we are mainly describing how something works or how something is made .

You will need to have an introduction which paraphrases the question, a short overview of the process (about 2 sentences) and 2 body paragraphs explaining in detail, but no conclusion is needed.

The grammar for this kind of task is the present simple passive, sequencers and sometimes the present perfect passive. For linking the steps you can use sequencers (first, next, subsequently, after that, finally)

Grammar for an IELTS process diagram.

This type of process needs the present simple passive and active to describe what happens in each step, also you will need sequencers such as ‘ Firstly, subsequently, next, following this, after that, then, finally etc.’ . to show this as a step by step process . Another grammar point to help link sentences is the present perfect passive . Take a look at the examples below.

Present Simple Passive.

object + to be + past participle:  This is used to describe a process where the person is not important, also the passive is used for the stages of production.

• The cows are milked by a milking machine twice a day.
• The milk is put into refrigeration storage.
• The milk is delivered by tanker to the dairy.
• Cream, cheese and butter are produced from the milk.
• The items are packed into boxes
• The tea leaves are picked.

Present Simple Active.

object+verb: The active is used to describe natural processes.

• Cows graze in the fields.
• Cows eat grass every day.
• The sun shines.
• Flowers grow.
• Tea grows in India.
• The moon rises in the evening.

Sequencers.

These are necessary when describing the stages in academic task 1 process diagrams for better cohesion and flow.

• First of all
• To begin with
• at this point
• following this
• after which
• the next step is
• subsequently
• the last step is…

Example sentences:

In the first four stages , cows graze in the fields. After that , the cows are put into a milking machine twice a day. Following this , the milk is put into refrigeration storage,  after which it is transferred to a tanker. Subsequently , it is pasteurised, processed and made into cheese The last step is the milk and dairy products are sent out to supermarkets.

Present Perfect Passive.

object + to be + past participle:  We can use once and when + present perfect passive to join two processes together.

Once the milk has been transferred to a tanker, it is then delivered to the dairy. When  the milk has been delivered  to the dairy, it is subsequently put through a pasteurisation process… As soon as the milk and dairy products have been processed and packaged , they are then sent out to supermarkets where they are then stacked onto shelves ready for purchase.

Paraphrasing hint: In the question, it says “The diagram below shows the production and …” this needs to be paraphrased by changing the word “shows” to “indicates” or “illustrates” . The word Diagram is not paraphrased because there is no way to paraphrase that word. It will always be a diagram.

Grouping the information.

In IELTS task 1 academic it is important to group the information logically as this improves overall coherence. In this case, the main body paragraph one is about the first four stages and main body two is about the last four stages. I included the stage where the cows graze as that is part of the whole process.

Model answer

Notice the paraphrased introduction with a short overview starting with the word ‘overall’ and the use of the passive with sequencers.

The diagram illustrates the way milk is produced and processed into cheese, cream and butter and packaged for sale to consumers. Overall, there are eight stages in the process, starting with cows grazing on the grass, to the milk processed at the dairy and the sale of dairy products in supermarkets and shops.

In the first four stages, cows graze in the fields, after which they are taken to a milking machine to be milked twice a day. Following this, the milk is put into refrigeration storage. In the next step, the milk is put into a tanker where it is then ready to be delivered to the dairy on a daily basis.

In the last four stages, once the milk is delivered to the dairy, it is put through a pasteurisation process. It is also turned into various dairy products such as cheese, cream and butter. Finally, as soon as the milk and dairy products have been processed and packaged, they are then sent out to supermarkets and shops where they are displayed and ready for purchase by consumers.

Any comments? leave them below.

9 thoughts on “ielts writing task 1: the process of making milk and cheese”.

The pictures give detailed information about the process by which milk and dairy products are manufactured to sell. Overall, it is clear that there are a total of 8 steps which can be organized into three main stages in the production, namely the feeding cows, tasks in the factory with special machines, and the delivery process to customers. It is worth mentioning that advanced technologies such as refrigerators and others are utilized in the process of production. Looking at the details, the process begins when the cows start grazing. After that, milk is taken by a special machine from the cows twice a day. Gotten milk is refrigerated in the storage before daily delivery by tanker to the factory of dairy. After being delivered, dairy products are prepared, to be more precise cheese, cream, and butter. Following this, prepared products are pasteurized and packaged. Finally, the end products are delivered to customers.

can you check it?

It’s a good attempt,but the overview is very long…for detailed corrections check out the writing correction service here: https://ieltsfocus.com/writing-correction-service/

How many paragraphs are required or recommended?

In a task 1 report you need an introduction and overview, then 2 body paragraphs, no conclusion… so thats 3 paragraphs total.

superb! Thanku

great information! Thanks

it is a well structured explanation of a process. You saved my life!

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

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IELTS with Fiona

Your comprehensive guide to IELTS

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IELTS Process Diagram: 5 easy steps

By ieltsetc on January 14, 2018

IELTS Process diagrams are not difficult. Follow these 5 easy steps to help you get Band 7 in 20 minutes.

Thank you for your interest in my IELTS lessons and tips.

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Reader Interactions

July 10, 2022 at 5:16 am

If I unfortunately give one step wrong then how much it will influence my score?

July 20, 2022 at 12:54 pm

Hi Sheikh It depends what you mean by getting one step wrong (send me an example if you can).

The Band 6 descriptor for Task Achievement says : ‘presents and adequately highlights key features/ bullet points, but details may be irrelevant, inappropriate or INACCURATE’.

So if, for example, you said ‘The diagram shows how leather goods are recycled’, you might get a lower score because it is inaccurate, but you’d still score well in grammar.

I hope that helps, Best wishes Fiona

January 26, 2022 at 2:36 am

Hi Fiona, I have attempted to make a shorter version for one of the sample tasks given in your site. as it is much shorter, i was wondering if i ran the risk of missing out some information in the chart. i would be grateful if you could tell me how i can boost my score. many thanks in advance.

The bar chart compares the highest temperatures in three Australian cities in 2016. The data were recorded in degree Celsius. Overall, the temperatures in the three places showed changes over the months, albeit with similar pattern. However, Darwin’s temperature was consistently higher than the other two cities. In detail, from January to May, Darwin saw a mild fluctuation in its temperature, which dropped to its bottom in the next two months, standing just over 30 degrees. The following months, nonetheless, experienced a slight recovery to around 33 degrees. There was a significant drop in temperature in Perth over the first six months before almost leveling off in July and August. The figure was highest in January at 28 and lowest in July at 18.8 degrees. It then reversed the trend and nearly reached the greatest level. Finally, showing a similar pattern to Perth, Melbourne was the city with the lowest temperatures throughout the year, reaching its peak of 25.8 in the first two months and bottoming out in July at 13.4 degrees which was similar to the other two. This was also the bottom record among all the cities. (188)

August 26, 2022 at 8:50 am

Hi Hoang Sorry I can’t mark everyone’s writing on the site but you are welcome to join the Members Academy to get feedback, Best wishes Fiona

January 25, 2022 at 2:21 pm

Hello Fiona, thanks a lot for your valuable sharing about the writing tasks and how we – test-takers – can touch up our writing. i find the task about the lifecycle of a butterfly is rather challenging as there is just little information to include in our writing. I therefore gave it a go. if possible, could you just give me some advice on how i can improve this piece.

TASK The illustration shows the different stages through which a butterfly goes. Overall, the five pictures depict significant transformations from an egg to an adult butterfly. It is noticeable that the body of the final insect is completely different from the shapes of itself in its many stages of changes. In detail, the initial phase of this cycle commences with the production of an egg which then turns into a caterpillar. From the pictures, it can be seen that the environment for these early living forms is on trees’ leaves. Following that, a chrysalis is formed. Inside this develops a young butterfly. The next step stage involving the breaking of the outside layer of the chrysalis and the appearance of an adult butterfly. Even up to this period, the predecessor of the fully-developed butterfly still relies on leaves of trees. This whole process, however, is complete when the ultimate creature leaves its habitat.

January 9, 2022 at 8:38 am

hi Fiona it is very useful thanks ) I have a question I have an exam after 10 days in university which enables us to pass to the second term So it is very important for me And I have many difficulties in task1 (bar chart, line graph, process) I do not know which material I should use to improve them. Can you give me advice please I don’t know where I should start(

January 10, 2022 at 4:06 pm

Hi Fizza. I’m not sure how much you will be able to cover in 10 days but my IELTS Task 1 Bootcamp would be perfect for you.

March 16, 2021 at 6:59 pm

Hi ms, in the 2nd paragraph, why we use the word “onto trucks” but not “into”. Also, ‘ the “skin” is air-dried before being loaded onto the trucks”. “skin” is not plural?

March 17, 2021 at 8:49 am

Hi Han. Many thanks for your questions. You could say ‘into’ trucks too. Check out both examples on this fantastic website Ludwig.guru (click here – I did the search for you).

If you jump back up to Point Number 2, you can see that ‘skin’ can be uncountable, when you talk about it in build (like ‘chocolate’) or countable when you talk about it in individual pieces (like ‘chocolates’).

September 24, 2020 at 4:18 pm

I had a query about writing task. I repeat atleast one word like 6-7 times and always i see it after completing the entire task. Can you tell me how will it affect my score? and how can i improve this? also is it ok not to paraphrase the terms given in the process diagram, like can i copy the exact words from the process diagram?

October 12, 2020 at 1:40 pm

Hi Aishwarya and many thanks for your question. 1. The ‘Lexical Resource score is based on RANGE (variety) and accuracy, so if you use the same word many times, this will lower your score. The only way to stop doing this is to build your vocabulary so that you have more range to choose from when you’re writing e.g instead of repeating ‘important’ you can say ‘siginificant’ or ‘essential’. 2. It is not always possible to paraphrase the terms in the process diagram, so it’s fine to copy the exact words in your writing. However, the examiner will look for instances of where you have used your own words e.g. ‘The diagram shows how plastic bottles are recycled’ = ‘The diagram shows how plastic bottles are processed so that they can be reused’. I hope that helps, Best wishes, Fiona.

August 12, 2020 at 8:30 am

Can I write in two paragraphs: Paragraph 1: Introduction and overview Paragraph 2: Describe the process

August 12, 2020 at 12:52 pm

Yes absolutely! The Overview can go at the start with the introduction or at the end as a separate paragraph. Both options are fine. Thanks for your message.

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How to Describe a Diagram in IELTS? A Complete Guide to Ace Writing Task 1

The International English Language Testing System popularly also known as the IELTS exam is an English language proficiency test. This test is used to examine a candidate’s command of the English language through listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections. This test is conducted across the world and nearly 150 countries across the globe use IELTS’s result to provide admissions into the universities and permanent residences to people from other nations. The main purpose of this test is to see whether the candidate has the ability to use English to deal with real-life situations.

Exam Pattern

There are two categories of IELTS tests:

#2 Academic

General is for people moving abroad for Job purposes or PR.

Academic is for candidates wanting to move abroad for higher studies.

IELTS evaluates your English proficiency skills based on:

#1 Receptive skills

#2 Productive skills

Tests in IELTS

Now, under these skills, different tasks are present to test your command over the language:

#1 Receptive Skills

  # Listening (40 min)

  # Reading (60 min)

#2 Productive Skills

  # Writing (60 min)

  # Speaking (11-14 min)

The Listening, Speaking, and Writing sections are conducted at once, in a time span of 2 hours 40 minutes without any break while the speaking test will be conducted on the same day, or before, after seven days to the test.

Moving further, the writing test is again divided into two different categories i.e, task 1 and task 2 where task 1 mostly consists of writing a response to the given diagram, table, graph, pie chart, or process.

In this article, we will see how to answer diagram-type questions in IELTS and how to describe a diagram in IELTS.

IELTS Diagram

The IELTS Diagram task is often described as a tough task, but you need to understand that the examiner is looking for your ability to identify and describe the given visual. Hence, for all those worrying about how to crack diagram questions in IELTS, summarise every detail of what you see in the diagram in a structured manner in a short time. Let us see how it can be done.

How to Describe a Diagram in IELTS?

First of all, examine the diagram well in three stages:

#1 Firstly, observe the title of the diagram and see what it depicts.

#2 Secondly, examine the diagram and pay attention to every little detail like the main parts of the diagram and their subdivisions, the relationship between those parts, and further explanations.

#3 Lastly, think of the points you want to mention and keep in mind that your answer must contain a minimum of 150 words.

Structure Your Description

Think of how to structure your description. Usually, the structure consists of three parts, i.e.,

#1 Introduction: In the introduction, write the purpose of the diagram.

#2 Body of the text: Explain in detail every description of the diagram.

#3 Summary: In the end, sum up the idea of the diagram.

Complete Your Diagram in 8 Simple Step

#1 Read the title and write the introduction.

#2 Describe every detail in the body of your text.

#3 Add sequencing words to connect your sentences.

#4 Include the passive form in the body to tell the activity is done.

#5 Paraphrase your lines and avoid redundancy.

#6 Use synonyms.

#7 Summarise the idea of the diagram.

#8 Proofread your work and clear the errors.

Tips for Better Description of the Diagram

Use connectors.

Describing the diagram can be a series of events in a process. Hence, the correct usage of connectors is very much important. This will make your text look effective. A few examples are:

#1 first of all

#3 to begin with

#4 after that

#7 in the next stage

#8 following this

#9 subsequently

#10 Finally

Use Correct Vocabulary

Most students worry when they see the process of a diagram as it seems to have a complicated vocabulary. For example, in some diagrams, difficult and unrelated words are used, and their synonyms are mostly unknown. But this step is not difficult. In fact, process diagrams usually contain most of the vocabulary that you need to describe in the diagram. You just need to make some small alterations to the grammar to avoid redundancy and make it look good while reading.

Avoid Giving Biased Opinion

In this task, you are not allowed to give your personal opinions. You should simply describe what is given in the diagram. You cannot use words like “I think this is the reason for the damage or loss”, but you can certainly describe which process in the diagram led to the other without mentioning it as your opinion. Keep in mind that everything you are writing should be visible in the diagram.

Use Passive Voice

The use of passive voice is not very common in English, but it is commonly used when people describe the process of diagrams in the IELTS. When passive voice is used, we don’t know who is doing an action or what is causing the action. In passive voice, we emphasise the action and not on the person doing the action. In the same way, in the IELTS diagram task, we don’t know who is doing the action, and the concentration must be on the action done, i.e., the diagram.

For example, rather than saying “______ sent provisions,” we can instead say, “Provisions are received.” This is useful because we don’t know who is sending them, and we are not allowed to give our personal guesses or information in this task of IELTS. If we wanted to include the fact that the process results in receiving provisions, we could say it in a general way using passive voice. Hence, we need to use passive voice in IELTS Writing task 1.

Hold Back from Being Impersonal

In your text, words like “You, I, or My” shouldn’t be used anywhere; instead, keep your work general.

Instead of using words like, “We can see that” or “I think it’s notable”, use words like “It can be seen that” and “A notable feature of the diagram is”. Use of the later sentences will make the structure of your work a passive voice.

To inculcate all the above habits in your writing, try to attempt as many mock tests as possible and solve different types of questions, previous papers, sample questions before the exam to be well prepared. While writing the test, keep in mind what the evaluator wants, i.e., the ability to describe the information and proceed on that path. Move as per the time, and complete your task in 20 given minutes.

We hope that you received the answer for how to answer diagram questions in IELTS. Describing a diagram in an IELTS writing task is not a cakewalk, but with all the tips, effective strategies, and right preparation, you can perform well in the task and score a good band.

Continue reading IELTS Ninja ’s numerous blogs and articles that will help you gain a clear perspective on how to score a good band. For more help, IELTS Ninja ‘s personal mentor with years of experience will help you in every step towards your dream of migrating abroad for a better life. They will help you solve your doubts, keep track of your progress, and help improve in weak areas. Don’t miss the free demo class and experience the teaching methodology of IELTS Ninja before making the next-best decision to join them. For more details, visit the IELTS Ninja website now.

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This article was very helpful for the writing task, I was able to crack the mock test after trading this, what are the kind of questions which you feel difficult?

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Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 – How to Describe Process Diagrams

• Writing tips

You got a process diagram to describe and you want to write a Band 7 or higher Academic Writing Task 1 response. In this video Adam shows you step by step how it’s done. He starts by teaching you how to analyse the process diagram before you start writing, gives you tips how to reword the task prompt easily, how to write a great overview and how to group or separate the various stages in the body paragraphs.

In the 10 years Adam worked as an examiner at the British Council, he saw times and times again that test takers weren’t getting Band 7+ because they were writing their answers the wrong way (and NOT because they lacked vocabulary or didn’t know grammar).

So he made this video to show you the right way to answer the Academic Writing Task 1 .

Watch this video and you will learn

– how to analyse a process diagram before you start writing – what to pay attention to, and what to be aware of – how to reword the task prompt – how to organise the information in your answer (did you know you could group stages?)

By doing all of that right, you will save time on Writing Task 1 and use it for Writing Task 2, which carries more weight.

Watch the lesson on YouTube , or below:

In the video

1. What are you explaining? In this particular diagram it is the process for producing biodiesel.

2. How many steps are there in the process? Sometimes you may get a cyclical diagram (of a process that keeps repeating), and you need to find the best starting point. Adam shows you how.

3. When things are added? Diagrams typically have things that are added to make the process possible. Be aware of that and look for things that are added.

4. What are the by-products? By-products can often be seen in process diagrams. In this one it is the high protein residue and glycerine.

5. Can the stages be combined or separated? In this diagram steps 1 and 2 are stand-alone ones, but steps 3 and 4 can be combined.

And there is a lot more to learn, so do watch the entire video , because Adam explains everything in a very easy to understand way. It won’t take you long to start writing Band 7+ reports!

Adam doesn’t give you a model response in this lesson, because he would like you to have a go and write your own. But if you’d like to see a Band 9 sample, check out our High Scorer’s Choice IELTS practice tests . This particular topic can be found in Package 2 and we also provide a model response for it, as well as all the other writing tasks.

Enjoy the lesson!

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IELTS Flow Chart Academic Writing Task Guide

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This guide will help you to understand process diagrams and flow charts for IELTS Academic Writing Task 1.

Table of Contents

1.1 objective, 1.2 skills used, 2.1 process diagram.

• 2.2 Flow Chart

3.1 Introduction and Overview

3.2 main body paragraphs.

• IELTS Writing Task 1 Band Descriptors Explained
• 5.1 Linking phrases for Process Diagrams/ Flow Charts

6.1 Present Simple Passive

6.2 present perfect passive, 6.3 participle structures, 7.1 sample answer commentary, 8.1 problem 1, 8.2 problem 2.

• Quiz- Check Your Understanding

1. IELTS Process Diagram/ Flow Chart Overview

Process diagrams and flow charts fall under the same category as they require the same type of response and approach. They are not a very common IELTS writing task 1 question in the exam.

An IELTS process diagram will illustrate several stages of a process using pictures . A flow chart is visually more simple and will illustrate a process using a series of boxes and directional arrows .

Although a process diagram/flow chart is not a very common IELTS writing task 1 question type, it is important to be prepared in case it comes up in your IELTS exam.

The main aim of this task is to produce a minimum of 150-word report that summarises, reports and compares the main features of the process diagram or flow chart.

Even though the information in a process diagram/flow chart is being presented using pictures or boxes, you are still being tested on the same skills as you need for graphs and charts in IELTS writing task 1.

You need to select the key features of the diagram or chart, summarise the important information and make comparisons when it is appropriate.

The tone of your report should be formal and you must write at least 150 words .

2. IELTS Task 1 Process Diagram and Flow Chart Questions

The process diagram/ flow chart will either describe a natural process or a production process. Sometimes a decision making process can be there – for instance, steps to buying a house. Here is an example of the process of producing and making a cup of tea:

The picture below show how tea is produced and then illustrate the process of making a cup of tea.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features making comparisons wher relavant.

IELTS External links

Also, read the following IELTS Report Writing Guides

• IELTS Bar Chart
• Line Graph IELTS
• Pie Chart for IELTS
• IELTS Academic Table
• IELTS Academic Process Diagram
• Maps for IELTS
• Combined - Table and Bar Chart
• Combined - Bar Chart and Pie Chart
• Combined - Table and Pie Chart
• IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide

2.3 Flow Chart

Below is an example of a flow chart that illustrates a the process of enrolling at a university:

The diagram shows the procedure for successful high school graduates to enrol at university.

Summarise the information by reporting and selecting the main features making comparisons where relevant.

3. Structure for IELTS Process Diagram/ Flow Chart Questions

You should write your report for these question types using a clear structure and  logical paragraphing. Read on for more information about what to include in each paragraph.

Unlike your response to an IELTS graph, chart, map or table, you do not need to separate your introduction and overview paragraph for a process diagram/ flow chart.

In this paragraph, you need to summarise the diagram or chart in one statement. You must include all the key features. This is the most important paragraph in IELTS writing task 1.

Here are some useful phrases to introduce your first paragraph :

• The flow chart show information about …
• The pictures in the process diagram illustrate information about …
• The diagram illustrates information about …

The diagram shows information about …

Here are some sentence endings for the process of tea (tea could be replaced with the relevant process for your question):

• …how to grow tea
• …how a cup of tea is made
• …the process of growing tea
• …the process by which tea is grown
• …the steps involved in growing tea
• …the stages of making a cup of tea

Your main body paragraphs should go into more detail than your overview. Note that you do not have to separate your body paragraphs according to the number of diagrams . For example, there are four diagrams, you do not need to write four paragraphs: we recommend you write one or two paragraphs .

Here are some more helpful hints for your main body paragraphs :

• You should write about each stage of the process , but you will be able to write about some in more detail than others
• Use the vocabulary that is given to you in the diagrams
• You will need to change the tense of any sentences you are given (e.g. the imperative ‘dry the leaves’ would need to be changed to the passive ‘the beans are dried’)
• Use a mix of the passive and active voice. Keep in mind that passive voice helps to explain a process better.
• When using the passive voice and, if you think it is necessary, you can add the agent to the end of the sentence e.g., ‘after the tea is picked by the workers ’
• Use linking phrases to describe the start , next stages or end of a process (see Vocabulary for IELTS Process Diagrams/Flow Charts )

4. IELTS Writing Task 1 Band Descriptors Explained

Our section  on IELTS Writing Band descriptors   in our IELTS writing Task 1 Masterclass is full of helpful hints for each marking criterion.

5. Vocabulary for IELTS Process Diagrams/Flow Charts

5.1 linking phrases for process diagrams/flow chart.

You should use a range of linking phrases throughout your report.

You can use the following linking words and phrases to describe the start , next stages and end of a process:

6. Grammar for IELTS Process Diagram/Flow Charts

The present simple passive is useful for describing a process because you can put focus on the object involved in the process.

Present Simple Passive Form : Object + is/are + past participle

Examples : The tea is picked and put into baskets. The tea is boxed and delivered to supermarkets. The water is boiled and then poured into the cup.

The present perfect passive is useful when you want to write about two stages of the process in one sentence.

Present perfect passive form : Object + have/has + been + past participle

In the first part of the sentence, use the words :

Examples : Once the tea leaves have been picked , they are placed into a basket. When the tea has been picked , it is packed into boxes. After the tea has been put into boxes, it is driven to supermarkets.

The present simple passive can be replaced by a participle structure. This will help to increase your grammatical range.

Participle forms : After being + past participle + subject + second half of sentence Having been + past participle + subject + second half of sentence

Examples : Having been picked from the field, the tea leaves are placed into a basket. After being packed into boxes , it is driven to supermarkets.

7. IELTS Writing Task 1 Process Diagram Sample Answer

The pictures below show how tea is produced and then illustrate the process of making a cup of tea.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features making comparisons where relevant.

The diagram shows information about the process of growing tea and the steps involved in making a cup of tea. There are thirteen stages in the process, beginning with the growing and sowing of the tea seeds in India and China and finishing with drinking a cup of tea.

In the first and second stage , tea leaves are sown and grown in India and China, left to grow in the sun and then the leaves are picked and put into baskets. Once the leaves have been picked , they are packed and put into boxes before being loaded onto lorries and delivered to supermarkets. Having been delivered , the tea is then purchased and taken home by customers.

If we look at the process of making a cup of tea , to begin with the customer first boils a kettle of water. After the water has boiled , they then add the tea bag to the cup before adding the desired amount of milk and sugar. The final stage is that the tea can be drunk and enjoyed. This completes the process of making a cup of tea from beginning to end.

The report above would receive an estimated 9.0 overall in the IELTS writing task 1 Academic paper.

It has been organised into logical paragraphs that are clearly divided into an introduction/overview and then two main body paragraphs separated into the first and last stages of the process. All stages of the process have been mentioned.

The minimum 150 words has been exceeded. The report is written in a formal style (the write has not included their opinion and has not used informal language)

The passive voice has been accurately used throughout the report, for example ‘Once the leaves have been picked’. Lexical items such as ‘once’ and ‘after’ have been used to create order and cohesion. The present perfect passive has been used to introduce more than one process in a sentence, e.g. ‘After the water has boiled, they then add the tea bag to the cup’.

Linking phrases such as ‘In the first and second stage…’ and ‘The final stage’ have also been used to order the process. The participle sentence ‘Having been delivered, the tea is then purchased and taken home by customers’ also adds to the grammatical range.

8. Common Errors and How to Avoid Them

Problem 1 Not using the passive voice effectively.

Solution 1 You need to use the passive voice when describing an IELTS process diagram or flow chart because it is often not clear who is doing the action and you want to put focus on the object of the sentence. Make sure you practise forming the present simple passive and present perfect passive as these will be very useful when writing this type of report.

Problem 2 Missing some of the stages in the diagram.

Solution 2 You should aim to write about each stage of the process. However, this does not mean you need to go into detail for each stage and you will have more to write about some stages than others.

9. Quiz- Check Your Understanding

Take this short quiz to test your understanding of writing task 1 and process diagrams/ flow charts:

• False Answer: B. False Exp × Explanation: Unlike your response to an IELTS graph, chart, map or table, you do not need to separate your introduction and overview paragraph for a process diagram/ flow chart (although you may choose to separate them if you wish).

Explanation: Although a process diagram/ flow chart is not a very common IELTS writing task 1 question type, it is still important to be prepared in case it comes up in your IELTS exam.

• The graph shows…

Explanation: A. cannot be used when writing about process diagrams/ flow charts, it is more suitable for line graphs.

Explanation: You should create order in your report. For example, you could choose to write about the first stages of the process in body paragraph 1, and the last stages in body paragraph 2.

Explanation: You should mention each stage, but you do not have to write about every stage in detail.

Explanation: The present simple passive and present perfect passive are very useful when writing about processes.

• The tea is picked and put into baskets. Answer: A.
• The workers pick the tea and put it into baskets
• After the workers pick the tea, they put it into boxes.
• When the tea has been picked, it is packed into boxes. Answer: B.
• The trees in the city had been cut down.

Explanation: A. is an example of the past perfect passive and C. is an example of the past simple passive.

• The trees in the city were cut down
• Finally,...
• In the first stage,...
• is grown… Answer: C. Is grown is the passive form, not a linking phrase.

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IELTS Writing Task 1: Process Questions

Introduction.

In Part 1 of the IELTS Writing test, you might be asked to describe a process. IELTS Task 1 process questions are not as common as charts  or graphs , but they do come up occasionally. They are much easier to answer than the other Task 1 questions, but many people do not prepare for them at all. This is a big risk to take because it does not take long to familiarise yourself with these questions and learn how to answer them properly.

This post will show you:

• the different types of process question
• a 5 step plan for answering any process question
• how to write an introduction
• how to pick out the main features and write an overview
• how to write about each stage in detail
• how to sequence your language

Different Types of Process Question

There are generally two different types of process question: natural and man-made.

Natural processes include things like the life cycle of a butterfly or frog, pregnancy, the water cycle or how cows produce milk.

You might also be asked to describe a man-made process like how coffee, tea, beer or wine are made, how cement or bricks are produced or how an ATM or the internet works.

It does not matter if it is man-made or a natural process. The same skills and system we use to answer process questions are the same for both.

Writing Task 1 Process Questions: 5 Step Plan

To understand the task and quickly make a plan to answer process questions you should follow the 7 steps below:

• Understand the process. Find the start and the end of the process. Count how many stages there are and understand what each stage does and the relationship it has with the stage before and after it.
• Paraphrase the question.
• Describe what is happening generally in 2 sentences. This is your overview paragraph and I will show you how to write this in more detail below.
• Divide the process in two and write two separate paragraphs detailing each stage of the process.
• Check your work.

Understand the Process

One of the most challenging things about these questions is having to write about something you have never seen or heard of before.

Don’t worry, try to remember two things.

First, the examiner knows that you have probably never seen this process before and you have only 20 minutes to write about it. They do not expect a perfect answer. Just pick out the main features and report them accurately.

Second, you can quickly understand any process by asking yourself these questions:

• Where does the process start and where does it end?
• How many stages are there?
• Is it a man-made process or natural process?
• Is it a cyclical (in a circle) or linear (one start point and one end point) process?
• Are there any materials that need to be added to the process?
• What is produced?
• What does each stage of the process do?
• What are the relationships between each stage?

The processes you will be asked to write about in the IELTS test will not be very complicated and you should be able to easily answer all of the questions above. When you do this you will completely understand what is happening and you will be able to start writing your answer.

Paraphrase the Question

Every process question follows the same format. First, it tells you some general information about the process and then it instructs you to ‘Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.’

For example, the question above states:

The diagram below shows the process of photosynthesis. (General information) Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features. (Instructions)

The first thing we need to do in every question is to paraphrase the general information. Paraphrasing  is one of the most important IELTS skills to master. We paraphrase a sentence by rewriting it so that the words are different but the meaning stays the same. There are a few different ways we can do this but the easiest way is to use synonyms and change the word order of the sentence. Synonyms are different words that have the same meaning, for example, woman and female.

Let’s look at the questions above and paraphrase them.

Question 1 : The diagram below shows the process of photosynthesis.

Paraphrased : The illustration demonstrates how plants produce energy from sunlight.

Question 2 : The diagram below shows how electricity is produced in a nuclear power station.

Paraphrased : The illustration below shows the process of how nuclear power plants make electricity.

Every time you see an Academic Task 1 question rewrite the question and this should be your first paragraph. We can now move on and write our next paragraph; the overview.

Overview of Process

The overview is probably the most important paragraph in the whole essay. If you do not write an overview it is extremely difficult to get a high mark in IELTS Task 1, however, if you learn how to write a good one, you are far more likely to get the score you deserve.

Overviews for process questions can be done quite easily by asking yourself a few questions. The answers to these questions will allow you to form 2 overview sentences.

• Is it a man-made or natural process?
• Where does it start and where does it end?
• Is it cyclical or linear?
• Are any materials added?

You might not be able to answer all of these for each process question, but you will always be able to answer enough of them to be able to write a good overview.

Detail Each Stage of the Process

Now that we have paraphrased the question and provided an overview we need to tell the examiner about each stage in more detail.

• say what each stage does
• what it produces
• if any materials are added
• and/or discuss the relationship with the previous or subsequent stages.

Sequencing the Process

Try to sequence your language and make your details easier to read by using language like:

• First of all
• Following that
• Subsequently
• Before that

Make sure you know the meaning and grammar of the words and phrases above before you use them. Do not use them if you are not 100% sure about how they should be used in a sentence.

Check Your Essay

You should try to leave 3-4 minutes at the end to check and improve your work. Many students do not do this because they feel they do not have enough time, however, it is better to try and get everything done in 15 minutes and then check and refine your work, than do everything in 20 minutes.

Things that you should check are:

• Are there any spelling or punctuation mistakes?
• Are the verbs the correct tense?
• Does the process I describe make sense? Does it match the diagram?
• Is there any vocabulary repetition we could remove with synonyms?
• Do I have 4 clear paragraphs?
• Did I write over 150 words?
• Have I included things only obvious from the diagram?
• Have I included the main features in the overview?

About Christopher Pell

My name is Christopher Pell and I'm the Managing Director of IELTS Advantage.

I started IELTS Advantage as a simple blog to help 16 students in my class. Several years later, I am very humbled that my VIP Course has been able to help thousands of people around the world to score a Band 7+ in their IELTS tests.

If you need my help with your IELTS preparation, you can send me an email using the contact us page.

IELTS Writing Process Diagram Vocabulary for Task 1

On IELTS Writing Task 1, you’ll need to describe a graphic. Sometimes, this can be a type of chart . Other times, it will be a process diagram. So how do you know what process diagram vocabulary IELTS examiners are looking for? That’s where Magoosh comes in!

In this post, we’ll look at words and phrases you can use to describe processes on IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 . (And for additional tips on IELTS vocabulary, check out our collection of the best IELTS Writing tips and Task 1 Language and Vocabulary guide !)

What is a Process Diagram on the IELTS?

A process diagram is an illustration that shows you how something is done. It could be anything from the creation of a product to the recycling cycle (as in this IELTS Task 1 process example !)

Generally, you’ll find two types of process questions. The first is a manufacturing process: something that humans do. The second is a natural process: something that occurs in nature.

Within your essay, you won’t need to come up with deep insights or hypotheses about the diagram that you’re looking at. Instead, you’ll simply need to follow the prompt, describing what you see. This can be surprisingly complex, so practice is crucial.

No matter what type of process the prompt asks you to write about, you can use the same kinds of process vocabulary IELTS words and phrases in your response!

Process Diagram Vocabulary for IELTS

Words to describe the type of diagram.

• Distributes
• Human-produced

This diagram illustrates the man-made process that a company uses to distribute natural gas to consumers. Overall, this seven-step , linear process illustrates which types of consumers the company prioritizes.

This diagram depicts the natural hydrological cycle process by which water moves through the environment. This cyclical process involves steps , such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Words to Describe the Steps in the Process

• First/firstly
• Second/secondly
• After/afterwards/once
• Subsequently
• Finally/lastly

Process Diagram Vocabulary IELTS Examples

First , the product begins in the design stage . Following this , prototyping and 3D printing occur. Next , the product moves to the production stage .

In the first step of this process, three things happen simultaneously. Light, water and carbon dioxide all enter the chloroplast. Once this has happened, the water enters the thylakoid and carbon dioxide becomes part of the Calvin cycle in the second step . Subsequently , in the third step , the chloroplast produces oxygen and sugar.

Words to Describe a Cycle or Repetition

• Continues indefinitely
• Repetitious

This cyclical process technically begins when a new product is produced, though it can continue to loop indefinitely .

While the linear process is technically complete after Delivery (Step 7), the diagram depicts this as a repetitious , or cyclical , process. This is likely because the need for additional goods will recur , and so the cycle of the delivery process could theoretically continue indefinitely .

Verbs to Know for Describing a Process

The rock cycle process begins with weathering and erosion. It then continues with transport and deposition. The process ends with melting rock in magma.

Clarification follows the pressing stage. The cycle then ends as the wine is bottled and shipped.

Eliot Friesen-Meyers is the Senior Curriculum Manager for Magoosh IELTS and TOEFL. He attended Goshen College (B.A.), New York University (M.A.), and Harvard University (M.T.S.), gaining experience and skills in curriculum development, ESOL instruction, online teaching and learning, and IELTS and TOEFL test prep education. Eliot’s teaching career started with Literacy Americorps in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and later, taught ESL programs at Northeastern University, University of California-Irvine, and Harold Washington College. Eliot was also a speaker at the 2019 TESOL International Conference . With over 10 years of experience, he understands the challenges students face and loves helping them overcome those challenges. Come join Eliot on Youtube , Facebook , and Instagram . Recent blog posts Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 1 Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 2

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How to write about process diagrams in IELTS Writing Task 1

By ielts-jonathan.com on 17 June 2022 0

IELTS Task 1 Questions – Process Diagrams

Before you start learning how to describe Process Diagrams in IELTS Task 1, it would be useful for you to study these articles first.

If you are familiar with the content, you can continue to the next section.

IELTS TASK 1 Describing changes and trends           

IELTS TASK 1 Working correctly with numbers      

IELTS TASK 1 Increase your band score with Adjectives/Adverbs

IELTS TASK 1 Using Compare and Contrast language

When writing about Process Diagrams there are usually two main features that you need to notice – the order and stages of the process presented, what kind of process it is and whether it is one process or repeated. 

For this type of essay it is standard to write a four paragraph essay, namely An Introduction, An Overview and probably one or two body paragraphs.

Have a look at my articles below if you need further information

How to write an Introduction

How to write an Overview      

How to write the Main Bodies  

You can now study the Process Diagrams below and look at the suggested structure:

IELTS Writing Task 1: Describing a Process Questions

Although it’s a less common type of question in the writing test (you’re more likely to get a Graph and Chart question) sometimes you will get an  IELTS Process Diagram that needs to be described.

This format of question is very visual and therefore seems easier to answer than other formats, and because they are less common, students often prepare less for it.

This is a mistake as it is really important to be prepared for all types of IELTS questions. But, the good news is that the preparation won’t take as long as you might think.

Process Questions follow the same format as any IELTS Task 1:

• Introduce the diagram
• Give an overview of the main point/s (necessary for Band 6 and above)
• And provide the detail

This post will explain:

• The two types of process question
• The tried and tested method for answering any process question
• How to write the introduction
• How to write about the detail in sequence
• How to finish with a great overview
• The commons mistakes IELTS students make

What is an IELTS Process Question?

These questions can be divided into two types: natural cycles and man-made processes.

Official IELTS practice questions have featured natural cycles such as the life cycle of frogs, moths or butterflies, the natural water cycle or how cows produce milk for their calves.

In contrast, practice questions have included man-made processes such as how coffee, tea or leather is made, bricks are produced or a satellite signal is transmitted and received.

More good news is that the same skills and principles can be applied to both man-made and natural cycles.

Let’s consider a typical question first.

Here is the diagram we are going to use.

A Good Teacher’s Guide to IELTS Planning.

Any good teacher will tell you that to be effective in Task 1  you need to understand  the task quickly and plan an answer quickly too. You can do this like so:

Get an overall visual understanding of the process

• Paraphrase the question
• Consider an overview
• Divide the process into parts
• Include time to proofread your writing

Gaining an overall understanding of the process

A process has a  number of stages  that are in  time order ed.   So, you should start at the beginning, follow the process and describe each stage through to the final one.

In the example above, this is fairly obvious.  It begins with the removal of clay, and ends with delivery of the finished product.

However, processes are not always as clear as this, and you may need to look more carefully to notice the beginning, and two things may happen at the same time. In this example, it’s clear that two processes might take place as one arrow becomes two, for example, the bricks are moulded or cut.

It’s quite a challenge to write about something you have never seen, so it is important that you  look at other sample processes  to get a good understanding of how they might vary.

Don’t worry , it doesn’t need to be perfect, you only have 15 minutes and just need to notice the main features and report them in an accurate way.

TOP TIPS for understanding

• Identify where the process begins and ends
• Is it a circular process or linear with a start and a finish?
• Count the number of stages?
• Is it natural or a man-made process?
• Is anything added to the process?
• What is the function of each stage of the process?
• Is there a relationship between these stages?
• What is produced at the end?

By answering these questions you will have already started planning your essay

Good News – Remember the IELTS task is not there to trick you, and you won’t be given a complicated process to describe. Your task is to report effectively and accurately.

Introduce the Diagram

As with any Task 1, you can begin by  paraphrasing sentence (1)

This is the rubric or instructions.

Paraphrasing is a task that is worth learning to do well, and a good knowledge of paraphrasing will also help you in the Reading, Listening and Speaking part of the test.

Simply put, paraphrasing for IELTS means using different words and/or word order so the original meaning remains the same.

In order to remain the same, different words need to be synonyms, so Man, male and person have a similar meaning, they are synonymous, but man, male, person and girl are not all synonymous.

As you can see, all the information in the three sentences has been taken from the question, but it has not been copied.

If you do copy directly then those words are not used towards the word count and you will fail on TASK ACHIEVEMENT.

You need to write it in your own words.

In any Academic Task 1 question you can rewrite (paraphrase) the questions and this will be the first paragraph. Well done! You can then move on further and consider the next section, the Overview.

Overview of the Process

The ‘ public band descriptors ’ state that to achieve a Band 6 or above for ‘ task response ’ the student must  provide an overview  in a Task 1. Without one, you are less likely to get a high score.

If you started planning at the beginning then writing a good overview will be a lot easier near the end.

Remember, the questions I asked you to consider. These should be sufficient to provide the 2 sentences you need to construct the basic overview.

• Where does the process begin and end?
• Circular process or linear with a start and a finish?
• Number of stages?
• Natural or a man-made process?
• Additions to the process?
• What is produced at the end

An IELTS process diagram is different to a chart or table as there aren’t usually any key changes or trends to identify.

So, as there are no trends to comment on, you could mention, for example, the  number of stages in the process  and how it  begins and ends instead.

Providing the Detail

Now that you have completed paraphrasing the question and given the overview, the next stage is to explain the IELTS process diagram in detail.

You can do this by:

• Stating what each stage does
• What is produced?
• Are any materials added?
• Is there a relationship between stages?

Before you do this you need to consider the most suitable language that reflects the sophistication of the task.

Consider the most suitable language

In order to describe the process well there are two key aspects of language to be considered. These are sequencing and choice of grammar.

1) Time Connectors

As a process is a  series of events , for example, one taking place after the other, to connect your stages, you should sequence them using suitable ‘ time connectors ’.

By using these well, your writing instantly becomes more logical, cohesive, sophisticated and most importantly, more impressive to the examiner.

Here is my sample answer with the time connectors highlighted that simply describe from the start to the end of the process.

Other examples of sequencing Time Connectors are:

BUT you need to be familiar with the meaning and correct use of these words so you need to have practised using them well.

If you use one incorrectly, it will stand out and be noted and penalised by the examiner.

For example, BEFORE means that you will mention a later stage first and then an earlier stage, as in this example

Before being dried, the mixture is shaped into bricks by placing into a mould or using a wire cutter.

So be careful.

2) Passive Tense

When we describe an IELTS process, the focus is on the activities in the process rather than the person.

So to describe the activities you use passive, not the active grammar.

If you need to know more about the Passive voice you can read the review below, but the good news is

• The IELTS task will provide most of the verbs that you need to use
• Using the passive will avoid using the words as they appear in the text
• You only need to use the passive in the present simple tense – that’s the Present Simple Passive

Most sentences use this structure:

• Subject + Verb + Object

A mechanical digger removes the clay from the ground.

In this active voice the digger does the verb i.e. the digger is doing the digging.

In the passive voice,

• the object (the clay) becomes the subject,
• and the subject (the digger) becomes the object.
• and the verb ‘to be’ and the past participle (or Verb 3) is also added.

The clay from the ground is removed by a mechanical digger.

The second example is far more appropriate for the IELTS Process Diagram question and far more sophisticated in choice of language.

Most of the description in your IELTS process diagram will use the passive voice but some verbs cannot be passive so are written as active.

An example of this ‘go’

‘the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. ’

A solution to this problem might be to use a synonymous word, as in this example I have used in the final text

the bricks are put through a heating and cooling process

Here’s my example. I’ve highlighted the passives in the text.

Varying your language

One final tip for a higher score is variation in language.

Occasionally, it may be appropriate just to use the same language that you are given in the IELTS process diagram to describe it, but you should try to vary it.

You may be able to use nouns from the diagram as your verbs.

For example, the noun packaging near the end of the process becomes:

Finally, the bricks are packed.

Common Errors

A very basic error seen in Task 1 introduction is basic verb agreement.

Look at the two genuine examples below.

The image show

The diagrams show s

In both examples it is unclear about the number of nouns discussed

Here is the correction:

Common Errors using the Present Simple Passive

• Make sure you practise the passive so you know exactly how to use it.

Also, as you will see from the description, it is more unusual to comment on who or what is doing the action so the ‘by….” phrase is often excluded.

• Singular or Plural

Notice these examples are incorrect.

The brick are dried   the bricks is dried

This is a really common mistake In Task 1 writing!

Here are the corrections:

Finally, check your Essay

Ideally, you need to allow 3 to 4 minutes at the end of the test to check and improve your writing. Often students don’t do this because they spend 20 minutes writing, but it is far better to write for about 15 minutes and allow 5 minutes to check and improve your writing.

From my experience the points you should check for are:

• Are there any obvious spelling or punctuation errors?
• Are the verbs the correct tense?

Additionally, you should consider these questions, but if you followed my planning advice you should be ok.

• Do the verbs agree with the subject?
• Does the process make sense? Does it follow the visual?
• Is there any repetition in vocabulary?
• Could this be improved with synonyms?
• Have I written over 150 words?
• Have I organised the text into at least 3 paragraphs?
• Have I noticed only the obvious features from the diagram?
• Have I included the prominent features in the overview?
• Have I NOT included my personal opinion?

Once you have done this, be proud of the final product!

The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Here’s my sample.

Sample Answer Process Diagrams.

The diagram shows the process used to make bricks for use in the building industry.

To begin, the clay used to make the bricks is removed from the ground by a mechanical digger. This clay is then placed onto a metal grid, which is used to break down the clay into smaller pieces. A roller assists in this process.

Following this, sand and water are added to the clay, and this mixture is transformed into brick by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cutter. After that, the bricks are placed in an oven to dry for between 24 to 48 hours.

In the final stages, the bricks are put through a heating and cooling process. They are heated in a kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c), followed by a cooling process in a kiln cooling chamber for 2 to 3 days. Finally, the bricks are removed, packed, and delivered to their final destinations.

Overall, there are eight stages in the process, beginning with the removal of clay from the ground and finishing in the delivery of the final product. Despite the use of modern machinery and tools, the production of brick remains a lengthy and complex process.                                  

I hope you found this article useful. Comments are welcome and so is sharing!

I’m Jonathan

I’ve taught IELTS and University English in more than a dozen universities and schools around the world.

I’m a parent, traveller and passionate about language teaching and helping students achieve their dreams.

Whilst living in Austria or working in Asia, I run IELTS courses to help students get to where they want to be.

If you are serious about IELTS, connect with me to see how I can help you.

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2x Process Diagram Model Essays

Posted by David S. Wills | Jun 26, 2017 | Model Essays | 0

This week I’m giving you two sample essays from IELTS writing task 1 (academic). In the past I have given answers to line graphs and bar charts , but this week we’ll look at a more tricky type of question – process diagrams . It’s important to remember to take time to read the diagram, and then think about how to change the verbs to passive form .

Beneath the essays, I have written some comments that I think will be useful. They explain some points about my sample essays that should help you to understand them better and incorporate my suggestions into your own unique work.

I hope these examples can help you write your own excellent IELTS essays. Good luck!

Process Diagram 1

The process diagram shows how coffee is produced by using a dry method. There are twelve stages altogether, beginning with the beans being sorted and ending with the coffee being packed and sold at a supermarket or shop. To begin with, the beans are sorted by hand and then cleaned by using a sieve. Next, they are dried in the sun for four weeks, before being raked and turned. Then they are stored in a silo until the time when they are sent to a mill in a truck. At the mill, the beans are hulled and graded before they are bagged. After the process of being bagged, the coffee is sold in bulk to retailers, who will undertake the last two steps of the process. Finally, it is roasted, packed, and then sold again to the consumer in a shop. The bag of coffee is the final product.

In the IELTS Writing Task 1 , you really aren’t allowed to add anything extra; however, in this essay I have stated a few extra details that I think are most likely true from the diagram. This is that the bags of coffee are sold to consumers in a shop and that the coffee is sold in bulk to retailers. I think it would be hard to dispute either of those facts.

Note also how I have taken the verbs from the diagram and altered them into the passive voice. This is very important. When describing a process diagram, you should always change the verbs to passive voice. Take stage 4 for example:

• the man rakes and turns the beans
• the beans are raked and turned

Finally, I have been very careful in my use of transition phrases to show the passage of time. Some students will say “first, second, third…” and so on, which sounds a little basic. Try to get some variety, and remember that you can put two or more stages into the same sentence to avoid this.

Process Diagram 2

There are two diagrams showing industrial processes. The first shows the production of cement, while the second shows the production of concrete. It is apparent from the beginning of the second picture that cement is used in the production of concrete, and so these images are linked as part of one longer process to make concrete from a number of different materials. In the diagram showing cement production, limestone and clay are tipped into a crusher until they become powder. This powder is then fed into a mixer and then later into a rotating heater. The resulting material is ground into cement, which is then bagged in large sacks. These bags of cement are poured into a concrete mixer with water, gravel, and sand. This mixture must be carefully measured according to the percentages on the diagram. The concrete mixer will combine the ingredients by rotating in order to produce concrete.

In this diagram, we are not given any verbs to use, so we need to change the nouns (like “crusher” and “heater”) into verbs. Remember again to change these into the passive voice.

This exercise is harder than the first one because you have to look at the diagram for longer to understand it. It doesn’t just go 1,2,3,4,5… However, you’ll see that in my introduction I have explained how it functions, with the first diagram leading into the second. This longer description means I wrote two shorter paragraphs actually describing the processes.

About The Author

David S. Wills

David S. Wills is the author of Scientologist! William S. Burroughs and the 'Weird Cult' and the founder/editor of Beatdom literary journal. He lives and works in rural Cambodia and loves to travel. He has worked as an IELTS tutor since 2010, has completed both TEFL and CELTA courses, and has a certificate from Cambridge for Teaching Writing. David has worked in many different countries, and for several years designed a writing course for the University of Worcester. In 2018, he wrote the popular IELTS handbook, Grammar for IELTS Writing and he has since written two other books about IELTS. His other IELTS website is called IELTS Teaching.

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How to describe a flow chart in IELTS

• understand how to identify the main features of a flowchart
• review how to write about a flowchart (a description and analysis of a process)
• learn how to divide the writing task into three main parts
• approach this type of task with confidence
• obtain a high IELTS score in this exam task

What is a flow chart?

The task 1 flow chart, what is a flowchart going to be like in the ielts test, look before you plan, a task 1 flow chart might look like this:.

• How many steps are there?
• Are there points in the process when there are two things occurring simultaneously or where there are alternatives?
• Are there any cause-effect relationships in the diagram?

Plan before you write

Ielts writing task 1 is assessed according to 4 criteria:.

• task achievement
• coherence and cohesion
• lexical resource
• grammatical range and accuracy
• Introduction : 2 sentences, the first to generally state what the process is and the second to point out some comments on the process, its relevance, complexity and so on.
• Main body : a sequential description of the process itself. In our examples, how many stages did you count? Would we need one sentence for each stage or is it possible to combine some together in complex sentences?
• A short conclusion of one or two sentences : We may decide in fact to include the "overview" here instead of at the beginning as some kind of concluding remark.

The writing process

Some useful examples of the passive:, we could begin the main part:, after writing.

• 3-5 minutes: Reading question, looking and planning
• 10-12 minutes: Writing
• 3-5 minutes: Checking

Try this by yourself:

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IELTS Diagram: Model Answer Band Score 9

This IELTS diagram model answer is estimated at band score 9. It is possible to have a diagram in your IELTS writing task 1 academic paper. A diagram is also known as a process. The diagram shown below is from IELTS Cambridge Book 8, Test 3.

The diagram below shows the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Source: IELTS Cambridge English Test Book 8

Diagram Model Answer

The diagrams illustrate the steps and equipment involved in the production of cement and the way in which cement is then used to make concrete.

Overall, limestone and clay pass through four stages before being bagged ready for use as cement. Cement is then combined with three other materials to create concrete. While the process of making cement uses a number of tools, the production of concrete is simpler and requires only a concrete mixer.

In the first stage of making cement, limestone and clay are crushed together to form a powder. This powder is then combined in a mixer before passing into a rotating heater which has constant heat applied at one end of the tube. The resulting mixture is ground in order to produce cement. The final product is afterwards put into bags ready to be used.

Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists of mainly gravel, which is small stones, and this makes up 50% of the ingredients. The other materials used are sand (25%), cement (15%) and water (10%). These are all poured into a concrete mixer which continually rotates to combine the materials and ultimately produces concrete.

Comments: This diagram gives a concise introduction. The overview contains key features of both diagrams and also highlights the connection between them. The body paragraphs are organised well and linking devices are used flexibly and accurately. Each body paragraphs explained the steps of each process in a logical order. Complex sentences are accurate and there is also passive voice used. Collocations are well used.

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Should not the second last sentence in the second paragraph say grind instead of ground?

The second last sentence in the first body paragraph uses the passive voice: is ground. You create the passive voice using the verb “to be + past participle”. The past participle of grind is ground. Diagrams quite commonly use the passive voice in sentences.

The diagram illustrates the production of cement through various stages involved along with several tools used. Further it demonstrates how this cement is utilized for the generation of concrete which is essential for building purposes.

It is apparent from the diagrams that the production of cement involves undergoing several stages such as mixing , rotation and grinding. This cement is then used for the formation of concrete which undergoes a simple process of mixing various substances such as with water , sand and gravel.

Initially limestone and clay are allowed to pass through crusher and this outcome is transferred to Mixer. The product formed after mixing moves towards the rotating heater accompanied by heat produces the pre-form of cement. This pre-form then allowed to pass through the Grinder to form a final powder type material called cement which is ready to be packed into bags .

Now 15% of cement is mixed with 10% of water along with 25 % and 50% of sand and grovel (composed of small stones) respectively. At next this final mixer passed through the concrete mixer process. After rigorous rotation ,we get concrete as the final product ready to be used as construction material.

The two diagrams delineate how cement is manufactured and used to make concrete for the purpose of construction.

Overall, the procedure of cement making involves five steps, divided into two primary stages of processing raw materials and packaging, while the concrete production comprises only one step of mixing the ingredients together.

Regarding the first diagram, natural products such as limestone and clay are poured into the crushing machine, where they are passed between the two rollers to form a fine powder. Following this, the resultant powder is then placed in a mixing equipment for blending, after which a direct heat source is applied to a rotating heater to raise its temperature. Next, the hot amalgam is broken down into finer particles by a grinder to create cement, whereupon it is then put into bags to be distributed to construction sites.

As required, the cement is spun in a concrete mixer, accounting for 15% of the total mixture, along with 10% of water, 25% of sand and 50% of gravel. The final product of this treatment is concrete to be used for building various structures. (184 words)

Please any one review my task 1: The diagram illustrates the way to produce cement by using these materials, secondly, how to convert cement into concrete and develop concrete for construction purposes from cement. Overall, the cement production starts from Limestone and Clay, after completing the stage then ending up disappearing into the cement bags. Concrete is generated from cement after involving water and contributes stones around about 50 percent The cement-making uses a number of tools and creates concrete using a concrete mixer. There are first linear graph relays on 10 steps and concrete on 5 parts. In the stage of making cement, the Limestones and clay are crushed into form powder. After that mixer has been rounded heater and transferred to the heat view. After completing the heat stage, the grinder grinds the heat and produces actual cement. The cement is packed in bags to be sold in the market. In the second diagram, cement and water have a crucial role in producing concrete. Just 15 percent cement and approximately 10 percent water are used for making concrete. Gravel is almost 50 percent and sand 25 percent of usage through the concrete mixer. The concrete mixer combine all item in one stage and, finally, change cement into concrete format. The small stones used 50 percent as compared to other tools.

The diagrams depict the process of cement production and its further usage to make concrete for construction.

Overall, there are two major stages which can be determined: cement production, which has 4 steps and requires multiple tools and less complicated concrete making.

Initially, limestone and clay are combined together to be crushed by a crasher. Once the crushed powder is ready, it goes through the mixer to the rotating heater, where under the influence of heat, from the opposite end of the tube, the mixture is being rotated. After this step is finished, the mixture is grinded by a grinder in order to become cement. The final step is to place cement into bags for storing and further usage.

At this point, concrete is ready to be made. In order to do this, 4 ingredients are needed: a quarter of sand, 10% of water, 15% of cement and 50% of gravel, which are small stones. All the ingredients are mixed together in a concrete mixer, which makes concrete by constant rotating.

This diagram clearly depicts the step-by-step process of cement production and its role in the creation of concrete. The production of cement involves 8-10 rigorous stages that are essential for its creation. On the other hand, concrete is formed by combining cement, water, sand, and gravel in varying proportions. The initial stage of cement creation involves blending limestone and clay to form a fine powder, which is then mixed with other ingredients and heated at high temperatures in a rotating heater. The resulting substance is then ground in a grinder and stored in different bags. Furthermore, the second diagram emphasizes that gravel is the primary component of concrete, constituting 50% of the ingredients, followed by cement (15%), water (10%), and sand (25%). These constituents are combined in a rotating concrete mixer to produce the final product.

The diagram illustrates the manufacturing process of cement production and the way in which concrete is manufactured from the cement.

Overall, the cement is manufactured in 8-10 stages. Whereas, concrete is produced using cement, water, sand, and gravel in different proportions.

In the first stage of cement making, limestone, and clay are mixed together and powder is formed. Then after this powder is taken into the mixer and mixed with several ingredients. through which it passes through the rotating heater and is heated at high temperature, and then finally the product is grinded in a grinder and the cement is kept in different bags.

Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists mainly of gravel, which is small stones, and this makes up 50% of the ingredients, The other materials are cement (15%), water (10%), and sand (25%). These all ingredients are poured into a concrete mixer which continuously rotates to combine the materials and ultimately produces concrete.

Hi liz, Please correct my mistakes and guess the band score of my writing.

The diagram illustrates the raw materials and the process with the corresponding equipment required for making cement and how the concrete is produced for building purposes using cement and other ingredients. Overall, cement which is mixed with different ingredients(water , sand, and gravel) is produced from 4 main stages where raw materials (Limestone and Clay) are used.

At first, limestone and clay is passed through crusher to break it down in the form of powder which is then passed through the mixer. The mixed powder is then passed to next station where it is heated by rotating heater to make cement granules. And finally, it is passed through grinder to make it fine particles which is then packed into bags ready to use.

Regarding the second diagram, cement is used for concrete production which accounts for 15% of total ingredients to be used. The cement is then mixed with 10% of water ,25% of sand and 50% of gravel(small stones) in the concrete mixer which is then rotated for certain time to make final product of concrete which can be used for building purposes.

The two diagrams show the different stages and equipment used in the process of making cement, and how is cement used in the production of concrete.

Overall, there are four different phases a limestones and clay have to passed through before it became cement and ready for use, while making concrete requires only 1. While the process of making cement uses numbers of equipment, only mixer is being used in making a concrete.

In making cement, Firstly, the limestones and clay will pass through a crusher. This crusher will break the limestones and clay into a smaller piece till they became powder in appearance, then they will be put into a mixer to mix them evenly. After that, the mixed powder will pass again through a tube which is connected to a rotating heater which has constant heat at the end of it. From this point, the product will then go to a grinder and from then cement is made and is ready for bagging.

In concrete production, combinations of different amount of materials like cement at 15%, sand 25 %, water and small stones at 10 % and 25 % respectively are being put in a concrete mixer and all of these will be mixed together and the end product is a concrete which is ready for making buildings.

The given diagrams represent about the procedure and equipment required while producing cement and eventually concrete from obtained cement. The obtain cement has been filed in the plastic bags. On the contrary, in the complete production of concrete, cement work as raw material. Initially Limestone and Clay has been mixed and passed through a crusher which crush and convert in powder form. This will then pass to a mixer which help in mixing the power and then pass through a rotating heater which has passed over-heat. It is crucial to give the proper amount of heat before passing to the grinder which is the final stage before producing cement which would then be pack in plastic bag and ready for sell. On the other hand, it has been observed with the shared diagram that the Gravel (tiny [pieces of stones] consists half of the total composition (50%). The rest half has been further divided in three parts. The first of them is sand which constitutes one-fourth of the total composition. The rest one-fourth after (50% of Gravel & 25% of sand) constitutes (cement and water).

The diagrams illustrate the process of making cement through various steps and one step procedure of making concrete with the help of cement. Overall, lime stone and clay is being processed through many paces, untill it is packed into bags; Moreover, this cement is being used in the production of concrete with other three ingredients. while the cement production is quite a complicated procedure as compared to making concrete which has only one step. In the first picture , clay and lime stones are being crushed to form powder which is next sent to the mixing cylinder. In the next phase the mixer is being heated in a rotating heater with a continuous heat resource from the one side of it , now the mixer is ready to be ground in a grinder and finally cement is ready to be packed. Regarding the second diagram, there are four ingredients water,cement, sand ,and gravel which is small stones and used in large quantity, with the ratio of 10%, 15%, 25% and 50 % respectively are poured together into a concrete mixer. The concrete mixer rotates the materials continuously to form concrete , Finally. please anyone can check my task and point out my mistakes. Moreover ,let me know my scores.

The first picture illustrates the way in which cement with materials is made step by step, and the second picture shows how is concrete produced by cement for the infrastructure of buildings in one step.

Overall, it is conspicuous that the process of cement manufacture is made up of 4 stages, commencing with providing initial materials namely, limestone, and clay, after which they together combine, and at the end contents are placed in large bags. While the function of making cement uses several tools, the production of concrete requires only a concrete mixer.

At the first stage of this process, limestone and clay where were pressed by a crusher, and the resulting forcing form a powder, drawn into the mixer, during which prepared for the heat spinning step. Having been heated, the materials passed through the rotating heater, the resulting mixture is placed on the grinder machine. The output of this step is cement, which is packed in bags before being delivered to the market. Regarding the second diagram, at the same time as the device rotates clockwise, add ingredients to it. A concrete mixer is a specifically designed man-made contraction, which integrates primarily ingredients together, with 15% of cement, 10% of water, 25% of sand, and gravel which consist of the largest percentage of it therefore 50% of small stones, the resulting compounding is concrete.

The given diagrams describe the two processes necessary to produce concrete that is used for building. The first process being cement production, the second being the production of concrete using the cement produced in the former step.

The initial step in cement production, is crushing limestone and clay by means of a roller crusher that turns both raw materials into a powdery form. this powder is then passed to a mixer just right before it goes into the rotating heater, heated by a heatgun. to wrap up the process, the heated product goes through a grinder to produce the final shape of cement that is put in bags.

Secondly, 4 different raw materials are poured into the concrete mixer. However, in a rather specific and detailed proportions. Half of that mixture consists of gravel which is basically tiny stones. Sand comes after by quater of the whole mixture. Finally cement and water, 15% and 10% respectively. The mixer rotatry action does the rest to produce a homogenous and integral final product of concrete.

Your ideas are too much preferable for me. I enjoy your ideas and what you are trying to say in your Diagram.❤️

The diagram illustrates tools, ingredients and steps cement needs to go through in order to become concrete and be used as a construction material.

Overall, before becoming a ready to use material, concrete needs to go over two main phases, the cement production phase, where cement is made and packaged, and the concrete production phase, where concrete is made mixing cement with other rock.

With regards to cement production, a powder resulted from the crushing process of two rocks, Limestone and Clay, is conducted through a pipe to a rotating heater where heat is applied. Furthermore, A grinder is used to grind the mix transforming it to cement that get packaged after that in cement bags.

In concrete production phase, 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand and 50% small stones of gravel are mixed together in a rotation motion by the concrete mixer, the outcome of this process is concrete that’s ready to be used for building purposes.

The diagram illustaters tools, ingredients and steps cement needs to go through in order to become concrete and be used as a constraction material.

Overall, before becoming a ready to use material, concrete needs to go over two main phases, the cement production phase and concrete production phase.

With regards to cement production, a powder resulted from the crushing proccess of two rocks, Limestone and Clay, is conducted through a pipe to a rotating heater where heat is applied. Furthermore, A grinder is used to grind the mix transforming it to cement that get packaged after that in cement bags.

In concrete production phase, 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand and 50% small stones of gravel are mixed together in a rotation motion by the concrete mixer, the outcome of this proccess is a ready to use concrete.

Was going through the model answers so the overview and the introduction, are they combined in the first paragraph .

It is possible to combine them and I usually do so for diagrams which otherwise have a short introduction. However, the intro and the overview are separate statements even when put in the same paragraph.

Thank you 😊

Ocean of 😊 thanks

You’re welcome 🙂

hi liz. sometimes it happened that we are given small process in which it is difficult to complete word count then what should be done in such situation.

IELTS does not produce task 1 diagrams or maps etc which cannot be completed within 20mins. This test is designed by professionals, checked and double checked.

The figure illustrates the method for the manufacturing of cement in different steps with the instruments involved in the process. Furthermore, the application of the cement for the production of concrete to build architectural structures is demonstrated. Overall, cement production is a stepwise process that involves combination of different materials like limestone and clay with different machineries including crusher, mixer, heater and grinder. Then, in order to implement this cement in building mega structures, it has to be converted into concrete. Initially, cement synthesized by crushing limestone and clay into a powder that further pass through mixer into the rotating heater. Through external flame, heat was provided to the rotating heater to properly mix the powder under elevated temperature. Then heated powder pass through grinder to finally convert into cement. Then cement was packed into the bags. For the manufacturing of concrete, this synthesized cement was used that comprise of 15 % of all ingredients. Furthermore, half of the concrete constitute of small stones known as Gravel and sand cover the other quarter with 10 % water. All these ingredients collectively mix in concrete mixer to blend the final product.

The diagram here illustrates how cement is produced and how its is used for production of concrete. It includes a description of the processes and steps used in order to reach the end product, that is concrete.

First, to produce cement; limestone and clay are crushed and mixed together . Once that is done, the mixture is passed through a roller where eternal heat is provided which results in grainy cement. This grainy cement is then passed through a grinder again to get fine cement powder. This Cement is then ready to be packed in bags.

Now, to produce the concrete, this cement is used in a ratio of 15 % with 10 % of water, 25% sand and 50% gravel. All of this is together put in a concrete mixer, which mixes them all together and produces Concrete.

Overall, you can see that in order to produce concrete, cement is required and here it shows a complete process of how cement is produced and further used to produce concrete.

Geraldine says the diagram illustate the level of materials consumed in the manufacturing of cement, and the use of cement in producing concrete for building purposes.

How ever, in the cement making production the limestone and the clay are crushed together to form a powder, then transfered into the mixer before passing through the rotating heater to heat. Then down to the grinder for the grounding process for cement conversion then poured into the cement bag for use.

The second process shows that (15%) of cement (25%) sand (50%) gravel which is the small stone plus (10%) of water are all mixed together into the concrete mixer for the concrete production.

The diagram display the processes and tools involved in producing cement and how it is converted into concrete for the purpose of building.

Overall, the process of making cement involve the use of limestone and clay which undergoes four stages and equipment while concrete production requires only one process and tool.

In the first digram, limestone and clay are added into a crusher where they are crushed into a powder and then thoroughly mixed in a mixer. Subsequently, the mixed product enters into a rotating heater which has a source of heat at an extreme end. Furthermore, the heated product is grinded with a grinder into cement which is then poured into various bag.

In the second diagram, 15% of cement, 10% of water, 25% of sand and 50% gravel which is a type of small stone is added into a concrete mixer. At this point, the ingredient is thoroughly mixed to give rise to concrete which can be utilize for building.

The diagrams illustrate how to make concrete for buildings with the help of processing cement with its stages and equipments used. Overall, limestone and clay pass through four stages before being bagged ready for use as cement which is 15% ingredient of concrete. While the process of making cement uses a number of tools, the production of concrete requires only a concrete mixer. In the first stage of cement production, limestone and clay are crushed together to make the form of powder. Then the powder is collected in the mixer before passing into a rotating heater which has constant heat exposure at the end of the tube. The resulting mixture is ground in order to produce cement. After the final product is put into bags, then it is ready to be used as a component of making concrete. Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists of 50% of gravel which is small stones. The other materials used for concrete production are sand (25%), cement (15%) and water (10%). All these ingredients are poured into a concrete mixer which is constantly rotates to combine the materials to produce concrete.

Total 187 words.

The above diagram illustrates the stages and equipment used in the cement making process, and how cement is used in the production of concrete for building purpose. Cement is one of the four ingredients involved in production of concrete. Initially, ground limestone and clay are added to a crusher to break into smaller particles. This fine powder is next added to a mixer to create a perfect blend of the two. Later the mixed powder is sent into a rotating heater, to which heat is supplied from one end. After heating the mixture, the heated mixture is added to a grinder to make a fine powder. The obtained fine powder is cement. Cement is packed in bags and distributed accordingly. Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists of mainly gravel, which is broken stone and accounts to 50% of the ingredients. Other ingredients are cement (15%), water (10), sand (25%) and gravel (50%). All ingredients are added into a concrete mixer is said proportions and mixed thoroughly to produce concrete.

The Diagram above Illustrates all necessary steps and equipment that are followed and used while making cement, further how it is used to make concrete for different building projects. The process followed for making cement is first limestone and clay are crushed and are mixed in a mixer to properly combine them together, after that the mixture is then heated in a rotating heater once this process is completed the final step is grinding and then finally cement is ready to use. In concrete production, there are four things that are combined together with proper measurement, things combined together are as follows, Cement [15%], Water [10%], sand [25%], and gravel [50% gravel are small stones] these four materials are mixed in a mixer and concrete is ready to use

Please evaluate. The diagram illustrates the various stages employed in the production of cement and also the method used to make concrete. Overall, limestone and clay passes through four main stages in order to make the final product, which then further added with three more ingredients in a mixer to produce concrete. In the production of the cement several tools along with heating medium are used whereas concrete making process needed only a mixer.

Initially, limestone and clay passes through a crusher which crushes them into a powder. Now this powder passes through a mixer, which mix it well. Next stage is rotating heater, where continuous heat is applied after this the heated powder allowed to pass from a grinder which shapes it into the final product. From here the cement is poured and packed into bags in order to process it for commercial purposes.

For concrete making, mainly four ingredients Gravels, sand, cement and water in particular proportions are used (50%, 25%, 15% and 10% respectively). All four are fed into a mixer, which rotates constantly and mixes them to form the concrete.

The diagram illustrates the production of a cement which is then used to from the concrete. overall, the limestone and clay are used to form cement after passing through several steps like crushing, mixing, heating and grinding. this cement is then used to form the concrete by mixing with other ingredients in a concrete mixer. Firstly the limestone and clay are crushed to form a powder this powder is then mixed together in a mixer for passing through a rotatory heater where constant heat is applied. Furthermore this heated powder is then grinded to form cement which is stored in bags for delivery regarding second diagram the concrete is made by adding cement and other two ingredients like water and sand into a main ingredient which is gravel(50%) that are fine stones . All these ingredients are mixed together in a concrete mixer to form concrete which is used as a building material.

The diagram shows the ways in which bricks are made for the building industries. Overall, there are eight stages in the whole producing process, beginning with the digging up the clay and culminating in delivery. In the initial stage of the process, the clay used to make the bricks is dug up from the ground by a large digger before placing onto a metal grid which is used to turn the bricks into smaller pieces. A roller assists in this process. Following this, sand and water are added to the clay in order to turn into bricks by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cut. Next, these bricks is placed in a drying oven to dry for 24-48 hours. Once the bricks have gone through heating and cooling process, they are then heated in a kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature ranging from 200 C – 1300 C, followed by cooling process in a cooling chamber. Having been left in the chamber for 48-72 hours, the bricks are then packed and delivered to their destinations. Hey Liz, I am Shukhrat from Uzbekistan. Can you have a look at this? Does this process deserve to get high band score in IELTS?

Mam Liz, is it true that that process diagrams and flow charts have a very very small chance to actually be asked in the exam?

They can appear at any time. If your results are important to you, do not presume that diagrams or maps are unimportant.

I know this is an old comment but incase someone else passes by this-

I didn’t study maps thoroughly because someone I was studying said “I’ve never seen that, they’re never going to ask that.”

Behold- it was the task I got on exam. Hahahaha.

Prepare for all types of tasks unless you’re willing to schedule multiple exams in a week to counteract the odds. 😉

Sorry to hear you got caught out. Yes, any type of task can appear in task 1. It is essential to prepare for all of them.

hello liz, regarding this essay, shouldn’t “ground” in the second paragraph and at the end of the third line be grounded?

No. The past tense of “to grind” is “ground” or “grinded”.

Hello Liz I am an ardent fan of your tutorials..i just want to ask one thing about task 1..shall we write it in present tense or past tense if nothing is mentioned about time like in process tyoe questions

If no date is given, use the present tense.

Hi liz …. u r commendable.. very precise way of teaching … luv u so much

Thanks a lot for this wonderful website Ieltsliz😍😍😍

Hi Liz, Instead of ‘overall’, can we use ‘To outline’ Thanks

Why change the signpost “overall”? It is the best signpost to indicate an overview. This is formal, report writing. It will not improve your score to change that signpost.

I have a question … do we need to write process in passive voice or active only ?

You will use a combination of both.

The diagrams explains the steps and equipments utilize in the production of cement and the way in which concrete are formed for housing reasons. Overall, it can be deduced that the process of cement making used four equipments and two materials. In contrast, concrete was produced from four materials that was mixed together in one machine which rotates in a gradual motion.

First of all, the production of cement was made with limestone and clay which was crushed to powder and then passed through the mixer. Then, the materials was heated at the end of the rotating heater tube before it was grounded. Later on, the cement produced was packed into bags.

However, in the production of concrete, four materials were used compared to cement production that utilized two resources. 15% of cement which was made from limestone and clay was added to 25 percent of sand. Two times the size of sand represents the size of gravel which is small stones. Moreover, 10% of water was also added. All this material were mixed in a concrete mixer which rotates in a gradual movement.

Dear Liz, I noticed a difference between what you said on one tutorial and this example here. Should overall be separated into a single paragraph or not?

There are no fixed rules. Diagrams generally have a very very short introduction. Sometimes it is no more than 10 words. For that reason I put the overview in the same paragraph. It’s fine to do that. For all other task 1, I keep it as a separate paragraph. The most important thing is using the word “overall” to indicate to the examiner that it is the overview and making sure all key features are highlighted.

The flow chart illustrates the process of making cement, while the other diagram shows how different materials are combined with the product to produce concrete.

Overall, cement manufacturing takes four steps, beginning with crushing and ending with cement in bags. Regarding concrete production, different materials in constituencies are added/mixed to under rotation to make concrete.

Cement making steps are as follows: First and foremost, inputs namely; limestone and clay are put in a crusher where they are grinded to produce powder. Then, the material is channeled into a mixer where it is mixed thoroughly. The next stage involves passing the powder into rotating heater where heat is applied, the resource is rotated consequently, as heater rotates. The final stage focuses on the by-product which is crushed under grinder to produce cement which is put in bags.

Looking at concrete production diagram, initials stage: water (10%), cement (15%), sand (25%) and gravel (50%) are added together in concrete mixer, then, the mixer is put under rotation and the inputs are mixed to produce concrete.

Word count: 180 words

It’s really helpful

The diagram provides information about the different levels and tools required in the production of cement, and how cement contributes to the making of concrete for construction purposes.

Overall, the manufacturing of cement requires a dry process, while concrete production on the other hand is a wet method. Also, the mixer Isa necessary equipment in both cement and concrete making.

The first stage in the production of cement is crushing ofboth limestone and clay to give a fine powdered mixture,after which it is transported into the mixer for thorough mixing. Next the mixture enters the rotating heater were heat is directly acted upon it. Then the heated mixture is poured into the grinder for more grinding of the particulars. The result is cement and then they are packed into bags for distribution and use

The making of concrete requires the combination of cement (15%), water(10%), sand (25%) and small stones called gravel also by 50%). The composition is poured into the concrete mixer for proper mixing of every ingredients.

This example is helpful for me and i learnt lot of things related to way we can use connectors include then and afterwards . I want next example about flow chart and pie chart. Thanks if you read it then comment also.

You can find model answers and tips for writing task 1, in the writing section of the website. Just click on the RED MENU BAR at the top of the website 🙂

Hi Liz, thanks for your painstaking efforts to produce these materials. I wish to ask, could the overviews for the two diagrams be given separately. Can it be done in different paragraphsis. Thank you

Yes, definitely. You can write the overview separately. I usually do for my task 1 but I occasionally like to offer alternatives.

Hi liz, Thanks for your up-to-date informations. I want to ask a question that is it okay to write a overveiw in 2nd paragraph and again in the end add a conclusion paragraph in another way, I mean by another prospective in writing task 1?

You are being marked on your ability to group information together – not to repeat it and scatter it in different paragraphs.

Hi Liz, Can the overview come last?

Sure. But don’t miss it. It is the most important paragraph in task 1. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-1-lessons-and-tips/

Hi Liz, I cannot upload answer to first IELTS Bar Chart Practice Sample question ( men ,women and children eating five portions of fruits and vegetables). Please share a link for the answer. Thank you.

Try the main writing task 1 page. Click on the RED BAR at the top of the website.

Thanks madam Liz, the work on your web is quite blissful

Hello Liz First of all, thank you for your videos, tips and all you do for us. I want to know one thing. Do we have to write writing tasks in IELTS with handwriting?

If you are taking normal IELTS, it will all be hand written. However, there are some countries and some test centers that offer computer delivered IELTS.

Thanks for a big support, your website is too useful.

The diagrams depict the process of cement production and its usage in making concrete.

In cement production there are 4 stages involved. In the first stage limestone and clay are crushed to powder form. This then passes through a mixer into a rotating heater, which is supplied with constant heat at one end. Afterwhich, the mixture is ground to develop cement. This final product is bagged thereafter.

The process of concrete making involves 4 items, cement(15%), sand(25%),gravel(50%) and water(10%). All these ingredients are mixed in a concrete mixer which rotates clock-wise.This process results in the formation of concrete.

Overall, the making of cement is of 4 stages, in which a number of equipments are used. As far as concrete production is concerned, all the substances are mixed in a single machine.

Hi, Liz. Firstly, I’d like to thank you for these great lessons which are very helpful for me in preparing my upcoming academic IELTS test. Secondly, I’d like to ask you if we are allowed to use/draw an arrow in the writing tasks? You know, to add some words that we’ve forgot to mention earlier. And when we use pen in writing tasks, is it okay to cross out some words, even a long sentence?

The examiner only sees the answer sheets. So you can draw, underline, , make notes, plan etc all over your question paper for listening, reading and writing. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-help-faq/ and this page: https://ieltsliz.com/deleting-words-in-ielts-writing/ . You can find all my tips on the main pages of this site which you access through the RED BAR at the top of the website.

You are astonishing. thanks a lot for your help, time and on top of that patience.

can all diagrams be written in a passive voice? such as the tense used in the diagram above?

As seen in the model above, the tense will vary to show a range.

Hi Liz, first of all, thank you for your great advice. I was wondering about the format of writing. Are we allowed to leave space in the first sentence of every paragraph? (just to indicate that there is a new paragraph starting ?

https://ieltsliz.com/should-i-indent-my-paragraphs-in-ielts-writing/

Hi, Liz.How can we write overviews for PROCCES and Map.What data shoul we mention?

A process is another name for a diagram. All writing task 1, including diagrams and maps, MUST have an overview. It is the most important statement/paragraph in your task 1 writing. For diagrams, state the key stages. For maps, state the key changes (if it is time related) and/or the main features.

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