term paper for business development

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Everything You Need to Know to Write an A+ Term Paper

Last Updated: March 4, 2024 Fact Checked

Sample Term Papers

Researching & outlining.

• Drafting Your Paper
• Revising Your Paper

Expert Q&A

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Raven Minyard, BA . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 2,228,886 times.

A term paper is a written assignment given to students at the end of a course to gauge their understanding of the material. Term papers typically count for a good percentage of your overall grade, so of course, you’ll want to write the best paper possible. Luckily, we’ve got you covered. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know to write an A+ term paper, from researching and outlining to drafting and revising.

Quick Steps to Write a Term Paper

• Hook your readers with an interesting and informative intro paragraph. State your thesis and your main points.
• Support your thesis by providing quotes and evidence that back your claim in your body paragraphs.
• Summarize your main points and leave your readers with a thought-provoking question in your conclusion.

• Think of your term paper as the bridge between what you’ve learned in class and how you apply that knowledge to real-world topics.
• For example, a history term paper may require you to explore the consequences of a significant historical event, like the Civil War. An environmental science class, on the other hand, may have you examine the effects of climate change on a certain region.
• Your guidelines should tell you the paper’s word count and formatting style, like whether to use in-text citations or footnotes and whether to use single- or double-spacing. If these things aren’t specified, be sure to reach out to your instructor.

• Make sure your topic isn’t too broad. For example, if you want to write about Shakespeare’s work, first narrow it down to a specific play, like Macbeth , then choose something even more specific like Lady Macbeth’s role in the plot.
• If the topic is already chosen for you, explore unique angles that can set your content and information apart from the more obvious approaches many others will probably take. [3] X Research source
• Try not to have a specific outcome in mind, as this will close you off to new ideas and avenues of thinking. Rather than trying to mold your research to fit your desired outcome, allow the outcome to reflect a genuine analysis of the discoveries you made. Ask yourself questions throughout the process and be open to having your beliefs challenged.
• Reading other people's comments, opinions, and entries on a topic can often help you to refine your own, especially where they comment that "further research" is required or where they posit challenging questions but leave them unanswered.

• For example, if you’re writing a term paper about Macbeth , your primary source would be the play itself. Then, look for other research papers and analyses written by academics and scholars to understand how they interpret the text.

• For example, if you’re writing a paper about Lady Macbeth, your thesis could be something like “Shakespeare’s characterization of Lady Macbeth reveals how desire for power can control someone’s life.”
• Remember, your research and thesis development doesn’t stop here. As you continue working through both the research and writing, you may want to make changes that align with the ideas forming in your mind and the discoveries you continue to unearth.
• On the other hand, don’t keep looking for new ideas and angles for fear of feeling confined. At some point, you’re going to have to say enough is enough and make your point. You may have other opportunities to explore these questions in future studies, but for now, remember your term paper has a finite word length and an approaching due date!

• Abstract: An abstract is a concise summary of your paper that informs readers of your topic, its significance, and the key points you’ll explore. It must stand on its own and make sense without referencing outside sources or your actual paper.
• Introduction: The introduction establishes the main idea of your paper and directly states the thesis. Begin your introduction with an attention-grabbing sentence to intrigue your readers, and provide any necessary background information to establish your paper’s purpose and direction.
• Body paragraphs: Each body paragraph focuses on a different argument supporting your thesis. List specific evidence from your sources to back up your arguments. Provide detailed information about your topic to enhance your readers’ understanding. In your outline, write down the main ideas for each body paragraph and any outstanding questions or points you’re not yet sure about.
• Results: Depending on the type of term paper you’re writing, your results may be incorporated into your body paragraphs or conclusion. These are the insights that your research led you to. Here you can discuss how your perspective and understanding of your topic shifted throughout your writing process.
• Conclusion: Your conclusion summarizes your argument and findings. You may restate your thesis and major points as you wrap up your paper.

Drafting Your Term Paper

• Writing an introduction can be challenging, but don’t get too caught up on it. As you write the rest of your paper, your arguments might change and develop, so you’ll likely need to rewrite your intro at the end, anyway. Writing your intro is simply a means of getting started and you can always revise it later. [10] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
• Be sure to define any words your readers might not understand. For example, words like “globalization” have many different meanings depending on context, and it’s important to state which ones you’ll be using as part of your introductory paragraph.

• Try to relate the subject of the essay (say, Plato’s Symposium ) to a tangentially related issue you happen to know something about (say, the growing trend of free-wheeling hookups in frat parties). Slowly bring the paragraph around to your actual subject and make a few generalizations about why this aspect of the book/subject is so fascinating and worthy of study (such as how different the expectations for physical intimacy were then compared to now).

• You can also reflect on your own experience of researching and writing your term paper. Discuss how your understanding of your topic evolved and any unexpected findings you came across.

• While peppering quotes throughout your text is a good way to help make your point, don’t overdo it. If you use too many quotes, you’re basically allowing other authors to make the point and write the paper for you. When you do use a quote, be sure to explain why it is relevant in your own words.
• Try to sort out your bibliography at the beginning of your writing process to avoid having a last-minute scramble. When you have all the information beforehand (like the source’s title, author, publication date, etc.), it’s easier to plug them into the correct format.

Revising & Finalizing Your Term Paper

• Trade in weak “to-be” verbs for stronger “action” verbs. For example: “I was writing my term paper” becomes “I wrote my term paper.”

• It’s extremely important to proofread your term paper. If your writing is full of mistakes, your instructor will assume you didn’t put much effort into your paper. If you have too many errors, your message will be lost in the confusion of trying to understand what you’ve written.

• If you add or change information to make things clearer for your readers, it’s a good idea to look over your paper one more time to catch any new typos that may have come up in the process.

• The best essays are like grass court tennis—the argument should flow in a "rally" style, building persuasively to the conclusion. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• If you get stuck, consider giving your professor a visit. Whether you're still struggling for a thesis or you want to go over your conclusion, most instructors are delighted to help and they'll remember your initiative when grading time rolls around. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• At least 2 hours for 3-5 pages.
• At least 4 hours for 8-10 pages.
• At least 6 hours for 12-15 pages.
• Double those hours if you haven't done any homework and you haven't attended class.
• For papers that are primarily research-based, add about two hours to those times (although you'll need to know how to research quickly and effectively, beyond the purview of this brief guide).

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.binghamton.edu/counseling/self-help/term-paper.html
• ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Research Fellow, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.
• ↑ https://emory.libanswers.com/faq/44525
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/planresearchpaper/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
• ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/outline
• ↑ https://gallaudet.edu/student-success/tutorial-center/english-center/writing/guide-to-writing-introductions-and-conclusions/
• ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26731827
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-for-your-research-paper/
• ↑ https://www.ivcc.edu/stylesite/Essay_Title.pdf
• ↑ https://www.uni-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/institute/anglistik/dokumente/downloads/how-to-write-a-term-paper-daewes.pdf
• ↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185937
• ↑ https://www.cornerstone.edu/blog-post/six-steps-to-really-edit-your-paper/

About This Article

If you need to write a term paper, choose your topic, then start researching that topic. Use your research to craft a thesis statement which states the main idea of your paper, then organize all of your facts into an outline that supports your thesis. Once you start writing, state your thesis in the first paragraph, then use the body of the paper to present the points that support your argument. End the paper with a strong conclusion that restates your thesis. For tips on improving your term paper through active voice, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Table of Contents

How to Write a Business Term Paper Post-writing Term Paper Tips Business Topics for Research and Term Papers The Value of a Good Term Paper Topic Choosing Your Business Term Paper Topics Examples of Term Paper Topics for International Business Class MBA Business Decision Model Term Paper Ideas Business Software Term Paper Topics Ideas for a Term Paper on E-Business Topics for a Term Paper for International Business Great Topics for a Term Paper for Business Analytics Global Business Term Paper Topics Current Business-related Topic Term Paper Term Paper Topics for Business Communication Business Problem Term Paper Ideas Conclusion FAQ

In a gig economy, where anyone with a smartphone, laptop, and Internet connection can become an entrepreneur, business classes are vital. And while most students take them to learn the practical side of running a company, they still have to contend with an occasional business term paper. 

If research and writing aren't your strong suits, our guide will help you master the skill. And you will easily find a perfect research question on our extensive list of business topics.

How to Write a Business Term Paper

Writing a business term paper is no different from other complex assignments you're familiar with. Therefore, the only way to tackle it and meet the deadline is by dividing the job into manageable chunks and completing them according to the writing schedule you develop.

Let's go over the major components of the paper, from the title page to the reference list.

Format it according to the required style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.). Look up the right way to format it in a formatting guide or handbook, or ask your professor for a business term paper example. The title page usually includes your name and paper title, the name of the class and professor, as well as the submission date.

Although the table of contents is among the first pages of the finished paper, you should leave it for last. After editing and proofreading your paper, create a list of headings and subheadings to ensure you include the latest version of the titles and the correct page numbers.

If you use word processor's styles to create headings throughout the paper, you can use built-in features to generate the table of contents automatically. 

An abstract is a one-page summary of your term paper. It includes the highlights of every chapter, from explaining the study's relevance and objectives to covering the research methodology and presenting findings and discussion. A good abstract lets the reader understand the full scope of the paper at a glance.

Condensing term paper topics in business to a single page is challenging, so we recommend highlighting the critical parts of each section as you write them. You can later combine these pieces and tighten your writing to fit within the abstract word count. Remember to include a list of keywords at the bottom of the abstract page if the required formatting style calls for it.

Introduction

The first short section of the term paper should provide core information about the study and its significance. It usually takes a couple of pages for an intro to business term paper to cover:

• Topic background
• The relevance of the issue
• Research question or thesis statement
• Research purpose and objectives
• Expected results and their significance
• Definitions of the main terms

Main Body of the Business Term Paper Writing

The main body of the paper, regardless of the business topic you tackle, follows the basic structure of a research paper and includes four major chapters:

• Literature review . It's vital to present the current state of the problem and the existing take on potential solutions. The literature review should highlight the shortcomings and gaps in knowledge to emphasize the study's relevance. Remember to combine reference data with your analysis and conclusions.
• Methodology . This chapter focuses on the qualitative and quantitative research methods used in your paper. Aside from brief methodology descriptions, include your rationale for choosing specific methods, approaches, software, etc. Remember that your methodology should be clear enough for anyone interested in reproducing your results.
• Results . Present your research findings in the most digestible way. Use tables, graphs, and figures wherever necessary to facilitate understanding and further analysis. Take another look at the formatting guides to ensure you remember the right way to format table and figure names, etc.
• Discussion . Results and discussion can be combined in a single section to provide immediate data analysis. Provide your take on the results and explain how they answer your research question or fulfill the objectives presented in the introduction. 

The final chapter of your business term paper covers the highlights of the study and emphasizes achieved results in comparison to initial goals and objectives. The conclusion can also include potential theoretical and practical applications of the study, its limitations and drawbacks. Finally, add the potential for further research and further research questions.

Reference List

Once again, refer to your business term paper prompt and requirements to see which formatting style is appropriate. Brush up on your formatting skills online or sign out a style handbook in the campus library. You can also use automatic citation generators, like Mendeley, EasyBib, etc., to format the entries quickly. Remember to alphabetize the list of business term paper resources used and check for potential mistakes before submitting the paper for grading. 

Post-writing Term Paper Tips

Writing the business term paper doesn't end the moment you type the last period. Instead, a post-writing stage commences. It includes:

• Editing . After a short break, go back to your manuscript with a fresh outlook and read it like a critic. Focus on illogical conclusions, choppy transitions, and weak arguments. If you're after the top grade, get a second opinion from a classmate, TA, professor, or professional editor.
• Proofreading . Once you are happy with the paper's content, start looking for mistakes, missing commas, typos, and split infinitives. Use Grammarly or similar software to catch errors standard spellcheckers miss. Remember to specify the academic writing style before using advanced software and prevent unfortunate word choice suggestions. Alternatively, you can order a professional term paper proofreading service .
• Formatting . Unless you use a paper template provided by the professor, pick up a copy of the formatting handbook to look up requirements for margins, font size and typeface, page numbers, headings, etc. And remember to format in-text citations and the reference list accordingly. You can use online citation generators to speed up this step, but remember to double-check each entry to avoid unpleasant surprises. 

Business Topics for Research and Term Papers

With the basics of writing and post-writing routines out of the way, let's discuss finding, choosing, and formulating business term paper topics. But if you're too impatient and know the basics, skip straight to our business idea collection.

The Value of a Good Term Paper Topic

If the deadline is near, you can go with the first business research topic that comes to mind and hope for the best. But if you have the time to put a little thought into it, you'll enjoy the benefits of a well-thought-out research question:

• Your professor will appreciate a fresh idea . The first three ideas you think of are probably the same as your classmates will have. And no professor enjoys reading the same statistics and arguments half a dozen times, so developing a new topic will get you on the instructor's good side.
• Your study will stand out . An original topic will help you gain the professor's attention, which can result in higher grades, exciting internship opportunities, and more. There's no downside to crafting a unique research question.
• Your academic portfolio will gain a remarkable entry . It will be invaluable when you apply for an internship or a job to demonstrate your creativity, ability to think outside the box, and research and writing skills. It's a great way to supplement your resume when looking for your first job.

Choosing Your Business Term Paper Topics

If the professor assigns a term paper on business plan or accounting, that's what you write. But the possibilities are endless if you get a free choice of a topic. So to ensure you pick a great business research topic and score the top mark:

• Select a relevant current issue . Check out the latest news reports and industry publications to get a feeling for what's on the current agenda. For example, the Covid-19 pandemic and war in Europe are more relevant than the financial crisis of 2007-2008.
• Check whether the topic is researchable . Working on current issues may lead to a lack of credible sources you can use in your paper. If a quick search produces less than half a dozen results, consider picking a fresh but well-researched topic instead.
• Formulate the question to fit the scope of the study . Broad topics aren't suited for college and business school term papers, as they are impossible to research in full within the word count requirements. Narrow down the scope of the issue until you can feasibly cover its major aspects.

Below, you'll find 100 top-notch business topics that fit these parameters. So feel free to choose a research question according to your class syllabus and research interests, including business law term paper topics .

Examples of Term Paper Topics for International Business Class MBA

• The use of online blogs for teaching cultural aspects of international business
• Implementing virtual tours to enhance international business class
• Assessing the instruments for developing a global mindset through learning
• Aligning national e-commerce regulations for international businesses
• Evaluating the effectiveness of institutional support for multinational enterprises during a crisis
• Analyzing the connection between infectious diseases and international business
• The role of technology and English mastery in international business success
• The transformation of international business approaches in a post-pandemic world
• Assessing ethical considerations for international business managers
• Analyzing knowledge flows in international business ventures

Business Decision Model Term Paper Ideas

• The impact of rational decision-making among top managers in agricultural businesses
• Financial and managerial accounting as a decision-making business tool
• International business decision-making for small and medium-sized businesses
• Analyzing mathematical modeling use cases for business decision-making
• Combining data and social media analytics for business decision-making
• Assessing the pervasiveness of accountant involvement in managerial decision-making
• Implementing rule engines as a business decision-making modeling tool
• The impact of production technology and process efficiency on business decision-making
• Comparing the effectiveness of risk assessment models in making business decisions
• The effect of market research efficiency on business decisions

Business Software Term Paper Topics

• The cost-benefit analysis of fully integrated software for small and medium businesses
• Developing an effective testing strategy for business software 
• Analyzing existing gamification software solutions in business software systems
• Assessing metrics for business sector complexity and business software implementation
• Developing an integrated lifecycle management approach for business processes and software
• Macroergonomic approach for designing and developing internal business software
• The barriers to transforming legacy solutions into client-server architectures
• Success predictors for business software implementation projects
• Risk management approaches in complex business software projects
• The impact of software-intensive solutions on digital business processes and performance

Read also : Hottest topics for your cyber security term paper

Ideas for a Term Paper on E-Business

• The role of warehousing and logistics solutions in e-business
• Comparative analysis of existing e-business systems
• Implementing facial recognition to increase transaction efficiency in e-business
• The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on e-business processes and performance
• Potential applications of machine learning technologies in e-business solutions
• Assessing virtual reality use cases for e-business processes
• The impact of logistics quality on cross-border e-business customer satisfaction rates
• Analyzing the impact of website redesign as the first step toward business digitization
• The effect of e-service quality on live streaming music concert business' performance
• E-management implementation and its impact on business processes reengineering

Topics for a Term Paper for International Business

• The influence of digitization on cross-border transactional costs
• The effect of social media platforms on international businesses
• Resolving conflicts between national legislation in international contracts
• The impact of cultural differences on international business negotiations
• Analyzing the effect of informal networks on global business operations
• The role of multilingualism in international business relations
• The risk-benefit analysis of knowledge sharing in international business
• Studying business scaling in an international context
• The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on international businesses
• The value of national political risk assessment for international businesses

Great Topics for a Term Paper for Business Analytics

• The impact of business analytics on the industry, education, and professional development
• The role of technology in forecasting the adoption of business analytics by small and medium-sized enterprises
• The effect of business analytics implementation on processes' efficiency
• Evaluating the role of machine learning technologies in business analytics
• Decision tree use cases for predictions in business analytics
• Analyzing significant factors impacting business analytics solutions and their perception
• Implementing human resources analytics based on business analysis tools
• Comparative analysis of open-source solutions for business analytics
• Assessing the impact of business analytics insights on innovation
• Implementing business analytics solutions for competitiveness management

Global Business Term Paper Topics

• Quantitative analysis of business cycle similarities across countries
• Assessing the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in global business
• The impact of strategic outsourcing on business globalization
• Analyzing the level of uncertainty and risk of smart contracts for international business
• The influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global business environment
• Analyzing the current trends affecting the global business landscape
• Comparing successful intercultural leadership strategies for global business
• The role of business intelligence and process management in global enterprises
• The risk factors affecting supply chain management in global business
• The impact of terrorism on global business operations on a national and international level

Current Business-related Topic Term Paper

• Gender-based perceptions in business schools and the global business environment
• Analyzing the core factors supporting corporate sustainability
• Developing a streamlined approach to translating business strategy into business processes
• Assessing the legal, moral, and ethical foundations of current business models
• The impact of business strategy changes on customer satisfaction rates
• The transformation of the transport business model in a post-pandemic world
• Implementing wireless technologies for building green businesses 
• Integrating social media marketing metrics into B2B business strategies
• Improving business-to-business relationships through salespeople and politics
• Achieving business optimization through business process reengineering

Term Paper Topics for Business Communication

• The impact of persuasive communication techniques on business decisions
• Analysis of the common international communication problems via online tools
• Business communication ethics for mass communication management
• The current trends and issues in multicultural business communication
• The effectiveness of coaching for business communication training
• Analyzing business communication strategies of information technology vendors
• The role of non-verbal signals in business communication
• Developing business communication competencies in college students
• Cultural characteristics and business communication traits of Generation Z representatives
• Assessing the effects of artificial intelligence implementation in business communication

Business Problem Term Paper Ideas

• The impact of business intelligence and knowledge management on business problem solving
• Shortcomings of businesses' social responsibility and improvement avenues
• The current state of behavioral analytics and its effectiveness in solving business problems
• Digitization-related issues of small businesses throughout the Covid-19 pandemic
• Assessing current agricultural business problems and potential solutions
• Adopting Big Data solutions to resolve business problems and generate value
• The effects of stress levels on a manager's ability to solve business problems
• The relationship between entrepreneur's age and their ability to solve business problems
• Comparative analysis of business problem solutions dependent on data
• Implementing system dynamics modeling for business problem solving

This guide is designed to help you make sense of term paper business topics and establish a writing routine to produce top results. You can return to this page whenever you need inspiration or a refresher on how to complete the assignment. 

But if you're already out of time and desperately need a good grade on your term paper, let ordertermpaper.net experts deal with it. Head straight to the order form and detail your assignment, and we'll get a professional on it as soon as possible. Or drop us a line in live chat if you have questions or doubts. Our support team is online 24/7 and ready to help.

How to Start a Business Term Paper?

Start with a literature review to help formulate the research question and study objectives. Then, you can return to write the introduction and abstract after the rest of the paper is finished.

How to Make an Outline for Business Term Paper?

The basic term paper outline comprises an introduction, body, and conclusion. The body section usually includes three to four chapters, including the literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. Each may consist of additional subchapters focused on specific aspects of the study. Aside from that, term papers may include a title page, abstract, table of contents, list of terms and definitions, reference list, and appendices.

How to Write Headings in Business Term Paper?

How to Write a Term Paper: A Complete Guide With Examples

You just got your term paper assignment and have no idea what to do or how to start? This guide will navigate you through every step of the process, from idea formation to final editing and proofreading. We will start with outlining, drafting and brainstorming, and get you through the writing part in no time. So, let’s dive into the question of how to write a term paper.

If you want to know everything you will need about term papers, this guide, written by the writers at the best essay writing service will help you along.

Table of Contents

What is a term paper.

A term paper is an academic milestone more so than anything else. As a student, you are tasked with learning and then transmitting that knowledge to others. A term paper is just that, a way to show what you have learnt, and disseminate the knowledge to others. Unlike other types of academic writing , a term paper is more detailed, requires more research, and is generally seen as the hardest piece of written work aside from a thesis.

The aim of a term paper is to showcase your understanding of the subject matter and how well you handle pressure and deadlines. In this context, a term paper proves invaluable. In terms of scope, term papers may zero in on an important historical event – if you’re studying history – a scientific concept, or a contentious argument. The choice hinges on the prompt created by your academic advisor. The typical length of a term paper can stretch to five or seven pages, and is generally the prerequisite to attend end-of-semester examination. But, it is also a part of the weighted grade you’ll receive, which only adds to its importance.

For the average student, writing a term paper takes around two weeks, and is a process many do not fully understand. Term paper starts from a very basic element, a question.

Say your teacher wants you to analyze the arguments for and against US involvement in World War II. How would you start? By asking a question; something like: Why did the US enter the war? Or, why did the US waive its neutrality and entered the war.

This opens the door for you and allows you to find an article or two that then leads to the second step, and so on and so on, until you are done. The problem is many students do not know how the process works, or what skills are needed to get the job done. To write an excellent paper you need to plan carefully, adapt to new conditions, be analytical yet persuasive, and understand how referencing works. In addition, the paper has to be formatted to specifications of your chosen citation style – APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard, etc. This is a lot of work!

What is the Purpose of a Term Paper

At its core, a term paper serves to test your ability to understand arguments and defend them using written constructs within a pre-determined time period. Put simply, it tests your ability to navigate complex ideas when faced with a deadline – something that comes in handy in almost every job you’ll ever have later in life. If you can understand a complex event, a scientific theory, or a debatable stance, based on the directive from your academic mentor, you can manage pretty much anything that is thrown your way.

A typical term paper will be between five to seven pages, and represents the pinnacle of writing tasks in the semester. The process of term paper writing, even when the topic is prescribed, can be an arduous and time-consuming undertaking. To succeed you need meticulous planning, good composition skills, and scrupulous analysis, structure, and edit

Doing the Basics Right Saves You Time

As Seneca famously said, “Luck Is What Happens When Preparation Meets Opportunity.” In short, prepare, prepare, prepare. To create a perfect term paper you need to know, well in advance, how it will look, what will it be about, and how will it be structured. This then allows you to simply fill in the blanks as you go. But, if you start a day before submission, you’re toast – or, you can always ask for help from us J – because the result will be Red Bull frenzy induced compilation of internet’s best hits. And trust me when I say, your teacher has those stored in memory; you’re not the first student to turn a deaf ear on old Seneca….

So, let’s see how to start your term paper:

• Select your topic – If possible choose something that you’re personally interested in. When you choose early, all the good topics are still free, so keep that in mind.
• Research your topic – Once chosen, sit at your computer and run through Google Scholar or your University Library for anything that pops up when you type in your exact topic.
• Create an outline – When you have a basic understanding of the topic, prepare an outline. It’s always going to be fairly standard, so once you get it right, you can re-use whenever you need to in the future.
• Thesis statement – Now starts the tricky part. Just kidding, this is still the Top Lane, we’re not even close to the Jungle. Thesis statements are always pretty similar. Jolt down your guiding question and then, based on what you’ve read, write a one sentence argument. For example, if writing about solar and wind, you might go with: Solar and wind power are the future of energy production because fossil fuels are unsustainable.
• Topics, topic sentences, and paragraphs – Every paragraph starts with a topic sentence that describes what the paragraph is talking about. The easiest way to understand is this. If writing a paper about wind and solar, you would need at least three topic sentences – 1)Wind 2)Solar 3)Benefits of using wind and solar. Naturally, a term paper needs much more than just three, but you get the idea.
•   Conclusion – Once you’ve written down the topic sentences and outlined the paper, note your own expectations of what you’ll find in the conclusion. This will help you understand what is happening, and when you’re actually writing the conclusion it will tell you if you were right or wrong.

Pro tip: If all of this is too much for you, there is always the possibility of asking professionals for help. Our team of term paper writers are here to help, so feel free to reach out!

Structure of a Term Paper

As you’ve probably guessed by now, every paper has to have a specific structure. In general, you can expect to have at least three parts – introduction, body, and a conclusion. However, longer papers may need several sub-sections, perhaps even an abstract or a summary, and a page dedicated to bibliography.

A typical term paper has three to five body paragraphs that form the backbone of your arguments and analytical discourse. A bibliography is always needed, even if your sources predominantly comprise course materials or excerpts from consulted textbooks. Depending on the chosen style, you will need either a Works Cited page (MLA), a Reference page (APA) or a Bibliography (Harvard, Chicago). Given its pivotal role in determining your final course grade, make sure to adhere to the highest writing and editing standards.

Term Paper Outline

• Title page – this is where you enter your name, teacher name, school, class, and date. The formatting will depend on your chosen style
• Introduction – Introduction sets the stage for your arguments. This is where you present statistics, define helpful terms, and finally present your thesis statement. IMPORTANT: Thesis statement is always the last sentence in the introduction.
• Body 1: Historical setting or development
• Body 2: Current state of knowledge about the problem
• Body 3: Main argument and potential implications
• Body 4: Argument for
• Body 5: Argument against
• Body 6: Summary
• Conclusion : Bring all of the body arguments together and restate your thesis statement.
• Bibliography : Provide references for all sources cited in the term paper using the style of your choice

Now let’s get to the nitty gritty of the writing process.

Topic Selection – In most cases teachers or instructors will provide students with a list of pre-approved topics to choose from. But, in some cases you will get the opportunity to choose for yourself. This is both a blessing and a curse, because it can lead you into a deep pit of despair if you are not careful.

Length – Every paper will have an assigned length. You should never go under the minimum or the maximum word/page count, as that will take points away from your final score. If the prompt asks for 10 pages, write that.

Sources – Consult your school library, Google Scholar, and any other database that has access to journals and books on your topic.

Simplify – While it is admirable to be able to write in a high-brow voice, it’s much better to use plain language as much as possible, but staying within the confines of academic jargon. No don’t’s, couldnt’s, or should’ve. If something is too complicated to explain simply, you do not understand it properly. Ask for clarification.

Do not be afraid to wander – Choosing a common topic may be a safe bet, but your teacher will grade you higher if you take a topic nobody else even though about. Brownie points are there for the taking. Just make sure you know what you’re talking about!

Don’t overextend – While the entire combined histories of all monastic orders may seem like an interesting topic (well, to us at least), it is waaaaaaay too broad to cover in 5 or 10 pages. Heck, that would probably take an entire compendium with multiple volumes. In short, don’t be a megalomaniac and choose a topic that fits in 5 pages.

How to Write a Term Paper: The Writing Process

Before starting your write up, the teacher will expect a proposal. This is a very short summary of the topic, your thesis statement, and a few sources. The goal is to present a topic that you can defend and ask the teacher to approve it.

So how do you write a proposal? Start by writing down your thesis statement and guiding question. Then identify three to four sources and jolt down key statistics and pieces of information that are linked to your thesis statement. The goal is to show you’ve done the work. The proposal will generally have a full outline (see above) so that the teacher knows what you are planning to do. If you explain what the topic is and why it is important in writing , the teacher will accept the proposal.

Introduction, well, Introduces the Term Paper

Your essay has to start strong, which is why 99.99%  of all introductions start with a hook that captivates the audience. A hook can be anything, a statistic (like 40% of people in the US have no savings whatsoever, which means around 140 million people are completely broke – now that’s a hook, line, and sinker).

Once you know the reader is hooked, you present a brief overview of the topic you will discuss. This is where you bring statistics, data, and broader theories or concepts that may relate.

The end of the introduction is always reserved for the thesis statement, which is the last sentence of the introduction.

Try to be concise – not more than ¾ of a page (cca 200-250 words), but detailed enough so that the reader understands what the paper is about.

Writing the Body Sections

When you are certain you can understand the concepts and arguments presented in the literature, it’s time to write your body paragraphs.

The goal is to provide the reader with enough context and argumentation to prove your point. So, if you’re writing about the advantages of nuclear energy, you have to provide evidence from the literature as well as a thorough analysis of all benefits and drawbacks. The goal is to be as objective as possible, while ensuring your results are accurate.

Do not dwell on too much detail, you cannot fit all of the information in a 5 – 10 page paper. Isolate the most important pieces of evidence, maybe 3-4 and focus on those.

As a rule of thumb, you will aim for 4 – 5 body paragraphs minimum, but in most cases you will need more. The first section should be the literature review, where you analyze state-of-the-art of the topic you are writing about.

Following the literature review is your analysis, which draws from the information you’ve collected. It’s important to note, do not try and make up new stuff, or draw conclusions in this section. Simply analyze and summarize the findings in your own voice.

The last paragraph of the body section can be your own summary, where you present a different opinion. Be concise and do not go into too much detail, simply note if you think there are any discrepancies in the literature.

Remember : Always start your paragraphs with a topic sentence and try to contain the information within the paragraph to the topic.

Writing the Conclusion

Conclusion is the most important part of the term paper, even though many do not give it enough attention. This is where you put everything you’ve written together and summarize key findings.

Important : Conclusion is not the place to add new information or knowledge!

To write a good conclusion keep in mind your initial research question and thesis statement. The goal of the term paper is to answer the question and prove your thesis statement is correct. Has your paper done this? Write it down and explain why or why not your initial proposal was correct. A thesis statement can be wrong, and you must acknowledge this in your conclusion.

In the conclusion:

• Summarize your findings
• Discuss implications for future reseasrch

Editing and Finalization

The final word of the conclusion has been written, references added and alphabetized, the paper and the title page formatted. You are finally done. Or, maybe not! Now is the time for the final edit.

Teachers, above everything else, hate reading papers with spelling mistakes and poor grammar. To make sure your paper does not annoy the teacher (you don’t want a lower grade), make sure it is completely free of any errors.

The best way to do this is by using a machine learning tool combined with close reading on your own. The machine will weed out the glaring errors, and you will finish the job.

Read through the draft carefully. Remove any fluff or excess words that add nothing to the argument. You will likely find several sentences you will want to change. Do this now. Once done, start the second read-through.

In this read-through you will hone in on the arguments. Do they make sense? Are statistics properly cited, and do you sound coherent? If the answer is no, you will want to fix the mistakes until satisfied.

Now, finally, you are done! Congratulations. Pat yourself on the back. Oh, wait, we forgot about the abstract!

Abstract Comes First, or Last

In no uncertain terms, do not write the abstract before you’ve completed the term paper. This is always the last part of the writing process, but strangely enough the one your paper starts with. Go figure.

When you do get to this stage, use our secret formula. Well, it’s not really secret but we like to think so. The abstract needs three parts to work well, the introduction, the method/procedure, and the conclusion/findings. Depending on the topic these will vary slightly but you will always find them in an abstract.

Introduce your topic and what you plan to do in two to three sentences.

Describe what method you will use – such as literature review, an experiment, or something else. Two to three sentences.

Define the results you obtained after using the method. Two to three sentences.

Remember : The abstract should be between 120 and 200 words in length, no more is needed.

No, they are not. A research paper is an original piece of writing that comes after some type of original research has been done. Maybe you’ve found a new civilization during a dig, or a new chemical element. The research paper is meant to publicize this finding so other scientists can critique, refute, or confirm its validity. A term paper is a much simpler version that requires no original research. But, a term paper is your preparation for writing a research paper later in life.

This will depend on your teacher. In many cases, you will get a pre-defined format to follow, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. If not, we recommend using APA or Harvard, as they are relatively simple to learn and have a ton of resources to help you along.

It is important to remember you are not writing a book, so keep the topic narrow. For example, if writing about renewable energy, choose only one type of energy or just one region. Do not try to cram everything into 5-10 pages; it won’t work.

Writing a term paper is certainly a challenge, but it is also manageable if you dedicate yourself to the process. Prepare well in advance, read a lot, and do not be afraid to ask for help if you get stuck. Your teachers are paid to help you, so email them if you get stuck. Above everything, make sure you are interested in the topic, as that will make the process so much easier.

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How to Write a Term Paper 101: A Tutorial to Takeover

As the end of the semester draws closer, many students are losing their sleep over the thought of writing a term paper. But you’re worrying pointlessly because  PaperPerk  has brought expert help to your doorstep! 

Our comprehensive guide on how to write a term paper is sure to help you with every step. So read this article thoroughly because we cover everything from definition to steps on composition and templates with examples.

Table of Contents

What Is a Term Paper?

A term paper is a written project required at the end of a semester. It is designed to evaluate a student’s knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. Typically, it takes the form of a discussion or analysis of an assigned topic. 

But it can also resemble a scientific report,  reflective essay , or even a research paper. As an essential component of a student’s academic journey, a term paper is characterized by its in-depth exploration of a specific subject matter.

Key Characteristics

One of the key features of a term paper is that it requires a significant amount of research , as it aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. This research-intensive nature of the term paper sets it apart from other academic assignments. 

Additionally, term papers demand technical writing skills, as they need to be well-organized, structured, and adhere to specific formatting requirements. A high-quality term paper should be well-written, thoroughly researched, and analytical. 

It should demonstrate critical thinking and provide valuable insights into the subject matter. With an Impactful term paper, a student showcases their ability to synthesize and analyze information, ultimately contributing to their overall academic success.

How to Write a Term Paper: A Comprehensive Guide

The biggest step in learning how to write a term paper is to understand the importance of creating a term paper outline. This  research paper outline  is the beacon that will guide through your writing process. The following part of this post contains steps on composing an outline and its component. 

How to Write a Term Paper: Outlining a Term Paper

Below are the essential components of an outline. Once you gather your information, you’ll incorporate it within these compartments to avoid creating a chaotic cluster of random data. 

Introduction

Let’s look at these a bit more closely and understand how to use these elements in the best way. 

Also known as the  title page , the cover page of a term paper is the first impression of the paper. It provides all the necessary information about the paper along with a neat and professional look. It should include the following information:

• Title of the paper
• Course name and code
• Instructor’s name
• Date of submission

Steps to compose a cover page:

• Centrally align the title of your paper in the middle of the page.
• Add your name, course name, and number below the title.
• Include your instructor’s name and the date of submission at the bottom.

You might be required to add more than these common elements if your professor asks you to. Many students additionally write the name of the university, department or other relevant details. 

The abstract is a brief summary of your term paper, usually between 150-250 words. It should highlight the main points, including the research question, methods, results, and conclusions. 

Using an  abstract  optimally allows readers to quickly grasp the main points and significance of your term paper. The abstract is usually placed at the beginning of the paper, right after the cover page. 

Steps to compose an abstract:

• Write a concise summary of your paper’s purpose and research question.
• Briefly describe the methods used in your research.
• Summarize the main findings or results.
• Conclude with a brief statement of your paper’s implications or significance.

Ensure that all the information you incorporate within your abstract accurately reflects the content and findings within your paper. Double-check that there is consistency between the abstract and the main body of the paper in terms of the research objectives, methodology, and conclusions. 

The  introduction  sets the stage for your term paper. It provides background information, states the research question, depicts the purpose of the study and explains the paper’s significance. 

Steps to compose an introduction:

• Begin with a hook to capture the reader’s attention.
• Provide background information on your topic.
• Clearly state your research question.
• Explain the significance of your research and its contribution to the field.

The body of your term paper is where you present your arguments , evidence, and analysis. It should be organized into sections or subheadings, each focusing on a specific aspect of your research.

Steps to compose the body:

• Organize your content into logical sections or subheadings.
• Present your arguments and support them with evidence from your research.
• Analyze the evidence and explain its relevance to your research question.
• Use appropriate citations to acknowledge the sources of your information.

The results section presents the outcomes and the findings of your research study. It should be clear, concise, and focused on the data collected during your study.

Steps to compose the results section:

• Summarize the data collected during your research.
• Use tables, charts, or graphs to visually represent your findings.
• Describe any patterns, trends, or relationships observed in the data.
• Ensure that your results are relevant to your research question.
• Avoid repetition of any information. 

The  discussion section  interprets the results of your term paper and explains their implications. It should also address any limitations of your research and suggest areas for future study.

Steps to compose the discussion section:

• Interpret your results and explain their significance.
• Discuss any limitations or weaknesses in your research.
• Compare your findings to previous studies and explain any differences.
• Suggest areas for future research based on your findings.

The  conclusion  brings your term paper to a close by summarizing the main points. This final section of your paper also restates the significance of your research.

Steps to compose a conclusion:

• Restate your research question and summarize the main points of your paper.
• Emphasize the significance of your research and its contribution to the field.
• Offer recommendations or suggestions for future research.
• End with a strong closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

By following this comprehensive guide, you can write a well-structured and impactful term paper that demonstrates your understanding of the subject and contributes valuable insights to the field.

How to Write a Term Paper Proposal: A Tutorial

A term paper proposal serves as a blueprint for your research. It helps in organizing your thoughts and ideas. Lets focus on the essential features of a term paper proposal and understand steps on how to compose each part.

Essential Features of a Term Paper Proposal

Relevance and importance.

The title of your term paper proposal should attract your readers and provide them with a clear idea of your work. It should be clear, concise, and accurately reflect the subject of your research.

Steps to compose a title:

• Identify the main topic or theme of your research.
• Choose relevant keywords that represent the key concepts of your research.
• Combine these keywords to create a clear and informative title.
• Ensure that your  title  is not too long or overly complex.
• Consider your audience’s ability to understand your title.

The objectives section outlines the specific goals of your research. These goals should be clear, measurable, and achievable within the scope of your term paper.

Steps to compose objectives:

• Begin by stating the general purpose of your research.
• Break down this purpose into specific, measurable objectives.
• Ensure that your objectives are achievable within the timeframe and resources available for your term paper.
• Keep your objectives focused and relevant to your research question.

The relevance and importance section demonstrates the significance of your research within the context of your field of study. It should explain why your research is necessary and how it contributes to the existing body of knowledge.

Steps to compose the relevance and importance section:

• Explain the context of your research by providing background information on the topic.
• Identify gaps or limitations in the existing literature that your research aims to address.
• Explain how your research contributes to the field by offering new insights or perspectives.
• Emphasize the potential impact of your research on the broader academic community or society as a whole.

Putting It All Together: Writing a Term Paper Proposal

Now that you clearly understand the essential features of a term paper  proposal , it’s time to put it all together. Follow these steps to create a well-structured and compelling proposal:

• Begin by writing a clear and concise title that accurately reflects the subject of your research.
• Compose a brief introduction that overviews your research topic and its significance. This introduction should also include a clear statement of your research question.
• Outline the specific objectives of your research, ensuring that they are clear, measurable, and achievable within the scope of your term paper.
• Explain the relevance and importance of your research by demonstrating its significance within your field of study. Highlight the gaps or limitations in the existing literature that your research aims to address.
• Provide a brief overview of your research methodology, including the methods you plan to use for data collection and analysis.
• Include a tentative timeline for your research, outlining the milestones and deadlines for each project stage.
• Conclude your proposal with a summary of the main points and a restatement of the significance of your research.

By following these comprehensive steps, you can create a well-structured and persuasive term paper proposal that demonstrates the importance of your research and sets the stage for a successful term paper.

How to Write a Term Paper: Formatting

A term paper format refers to the set of rules and standards that dictate the structure and presentation of a term paper. Formatting is essential to learn how to write a term paper as it ensures consistency, enhances readability, and maintains a professional appearance. 

A proper structure allows readers to concentrate on the content rather than the presentation. Several formatting styles are used in term papers, with the American Psychological Association (APA) style and the Modern Language Association (MLA) style being the most common.

Using APA Style in a Term Paper:

• Choose a standard font, such as 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 12-point Times New Roman.
• Apply double-spacing throughout the paper, including the abstract, main text, quotes, tables, figures, and references.
• Create a title page containing the paper’s title, author’s name, affiliated institution, and a running head.
• Organize the content using headings that adhere to  APA guidelines for different heading levels.
• Incorporate the author-date citation method for in-text citations and format the reference list according to APA guidelines.

Using MLA Style in a Term Paper:

• Opt for a standard font, such as 12-point Times New Roman.
• Double-space the entire paper, including the main text, quotes, and the Works Cited page.
• Include a header with the last name of the author and page number on the top right corner of all pages.
• Use parenthetical citations within the text and format according to  MLA guidelines .
• Follow MLA guidelines for formatting headings and subheadings, if applicable.

Adhering to the appropriate style guide when formatting term papers is crucial for maintaining academic integrity and ensuring that your work is easily comprehended and properly cited.

Choosing the Perfect Term Paper Topics

Writing a term paper can be a daunting task, but choosing the right term paper topics can make all the difference. In this part, we will provide you with some useful tips and tricks to make the process as smooth as possible.

The Starting Point

In most cases, students are assigned term papers by their professors. These topics are related to course outline to assess pupil’s understanding of the course material. As well as their ability to think critically and conduct research on a specific subject. 

Other times, teachers provide students a chance to choose a topic of their liking. But before you go on and pick a topic for your term paper, put the following concerns at the forefront. 

• The course objective 
• Your own interest. 

The Course Objective

Your term paper is essentially assigned to assess your command on the subject. Prioritize your course outline or objective before picking your  research paper topics . This will ensure that your paper is relevant and reflects what you have learnt so far about the subject. 

Your Interests

Your personal interests play a significant role in the success of your term paper. When you choose a topic that genuinely interests you, you are more likely to engage in  writing a research paper . This enthusiasm will not only make the writing process more enjoyable but also result in a higher quality term paper. 

Before picking a specific topic, make sure to conduct thorough research and align your personal liking to your course objective. The following tips on how to pick the perfect term paper topic will assist you in acing your grade.

Tips for Choosing the Perfect Term Paper Topic

While picking a topic for yourself, be mindful of certain things:

Adjusting Topic Length

Consider if the topic would adjust your required length for a term paper. Suppose you’re to write a  10-page research paper , what kind of topic would adjust within those 10 pages? Registering the narrowness or broadness of the topic can help.

Authentic Resources

The second thing you need to consider is the resources of your information. Check if the source you’re working with is authentic. Reliable  sources for a research paper  include academic journals, books, think tanks, and reputable websites.

Complexity of the Subject

To ensure the clarity of your topic, consider its complexity. It is important that the chosen subject can be effectively presented to your audience. Additionally, ensure that you have a solid understanding of the subject matter yourself.

By considering the length, resources, and complexity of your chosen topic, you can ensure that your term paper is engaging, informative, and well-researched. So, take the time to select the perfect topic and get ready to ace your term paper!

How to Write a Term Paper: A Template With Example

This template also contains examples that are highlighted in a different color. 

Title Page 

Abstract .

• Remember to never exceed the abstract more than 250 words.

1.1 Background

1.2 problem statement, 1.3 objectives, 2. literature review, 3. methodology, 5. discussion, 6. conclusion, 7. references.

• The references section uses the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

8. Appendices

• If necessary, this section includes additional material such as raw data, survey questionnaires, interview transcripts, or any other supplementary information that supports the research.

This guide on how to write a term paper must have been helpful to you. But we understand that wrapping your head around something so detailed can be difficult when you’re stressed out. And most students are stressed out by the end of the semester due to multiple deadlines.  That’s why we have brought you our  term paper writing service  so you can relax and focus more on your upcoming exams. Our experts are dedicated to helping students excel academically with quality content and on-time submission. Check us out today and bid goodbye to academic worries!

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• A Research Guide
• Writing Guide
• Assignment Writing

How to Write a Term Paper

• Purpose of a term paper
• How to start a term paper
• Structure and outline

Step-by-step writing guide

Standard term paper format.

• Term paper examples
• Writing tips

What is the purpose of a term paper?

How to start a term paper correctly.

• Choose your topic by focusing on what inspires you unless you are already given a topic.
• Take time to research and analyze your subject.
• Start with a term paper outline (see our templates in the next sections).
• Come up with a strong thesis statement before writing anything for body paragraphs.
• Provide topic sentences and practical examples.
• Provide a strong lesson in the conclusion if it suits the subject you write about.
• Edit and proofread available information for trustworthiness.

Term paper structure and outline

• Introduction. This is where you talk about the subject and a problem you are researching. It helps to introduce your thesis statement and explain the objectives that have been set.
• Body Paragraphs. As a rule, in writing college term papers, one must write down several subheadings and headings to divide ideas and arguments into several (at least four) paragraphs. As done below, each body paragraph should contain one idea and a strong topic sentence.
• Heading 1: History of the argument and background.
• Heading 2: Extent of the problem that you write about.
• Heading 3: Effects of the problem and possible causes.
• Heading 4: Possible solutions and outcomes.
• Conclusion. The final part should represent a strong summary and a response to your thesis statement.

Step 1: Data collection

Step 2: explaining research relevance, step 3: introducing your subject, step 4: literature review preparation, step 5: offering results and conclusions, step 6: structural term paper evaluation, step 7: check your citations and references.

Helpful term paper examples

• Term paper examples that earned an A grade from the University of Delaware
• Sample term paper offered by the Justus-Liebig Universitat Giessen
• Purdue Owl Lab Citation Formats Database
• Simon Fraser University Sample Term Paper

Term paper writing tips

• Choose a topic that inspires you if you have an opportunity. If you have been given an already existing prompt to write, research your subject online and ask about the use of course materials. It will help you to narrow things down and already have source materials for referencing purposes.
• If you can choose a subject to write a final paper for your course, think about something you can support with statistical data and some practical evidence.
• Most importantly, keep your term paper relevant to the main objectives of your study course.
• Keep your tone reflective and natural as you write.
• Double-check your grading rubric regarding limitations and obligatory requirements that must be met.
• Always proofread your term paper aloud!
• If you have an opportunity, consider editing your term paper with the help of a friend or a fellow college student.

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How To Write a Term Paper: A Guide That Works

30 June, 2020

16 minutes read

Author:  Mathieu Johnson

Once you’ve started your university career, you are going to be asked to present a term paper. What’s the difference between a term paper and a research paper? How can you write a good term? What’s the best way to structure it? Where can you find some tips to make the writing process faster? In this article, we’ll discuss a few tips to help you prepare a term paper quickly and professionally.

What Is a Term Paper… And What Is The First Step?

A term paper is a critical and analytical report on the topic or subject that you covered within the course of studies. It usually consists of two separate but equally important aspects: your own thoughts about the topic and a demonstration of your understanding of the existing literature. The main goal of this assignment is to summarize the material you learned and showcase your understanding of the topic. This aspect makes the term paper a universal instrument for assessing a student’s proficiency. It also explains why term papers cost so many points of your course grade.

We usually associate a term paper with a research paper , but although the concepts are quite similar, a research paper requires a more academic approach and a deeper investigation into the literature of your field of study.

To write an outstanding college term paper, you must understand that your professor has requested it in order to test your analytical thinking skills. You must collect relevant data, analyze it, and then make a summary or solve a particular problem. Such skills are highly relevant to the business world, so this type of the task is as practical as it is educational.

So, let’s start the preparation!

Before you begin writing

Unfortunately, there is no magical recipe that allows you to get everything done fast. You will need to choose the best way forward in whatever situation you find yourself, but here are some tips to help you prepare for the assignment.

To begin with, take the research stage seriously . Sometimes, when students are really interested in a topic, they only want to present their personal ideas about the problem. Unfortunately, if you’re not completely familiar with all the data from the various sources, you will need to reinvent the bicycle.

Term paper writing was never an easy ride. Well, not for our expert writers. Place an order with our term paper writing service and secure yourself an “A!”

In the initial stages of your research, investigate everything you can find on the topic . This may sound like a tall order, but you’ll find that it doesn’t actually entail that much reading. At this point you are only compiling the research, so you will be skimming through numerous prospects rather than reading them completely. Bear in mind that your aim is to get acquainted with the various aspects of your problem. The term paper summarizes the knowledge you gained within a course and requires to familiarize yourself with the research that other people have already made on your topic.

Thinking that your opinions are completely original and unique is quite egocentric, and it can get you into trouble. So, “your” thoughts about the problem are usually just somebody else’s statements that you have rephrased (or even a well-established academic concept!). Remember that your professor will be familiar with all the literature surrounding the issue: if you merely rewrite someone else’s thoughts and present them as your own (even if you don’t realize doing it), be prepared for criticism!

Applying a Structure To Your Term Paper

Once you have read all the leading authors and their approaches to your problem, it’s time to create a structure for your work. This is not yet an outline; you just need to decide what to write about. Sketch out the topic for the theoretical portion of your work and think about practical aspects and how you can approach the research in the best possible way.

At this point, you really need to call or email your supervisor . Your professor will have seen hundreds of term papers like yours (i.e., they have not yet been written, but a definite idea exists!) and will be prepared to give you feedback and advice. He or she will tell you what literature you have omitted, offer suggestions about what you should read, and give you feedback about your paper. It may well be that your approach has already occurred to somebody else, in which case there is no need to repeat it.

Choosing a Topic: Easy as Riding a Bike?

When you choose your topic, make sure you choose something that you are interested in . That’s our advice if you want a painless term paper. If you prefer to investigate a field that you’ve never really explored before, you can challenge yourself to do that, too. That might be sophisticated, but why not?

If you decide to investigate a topic or a problem that you are pretty familiar with, your writing will be more fluid. You will focus your attention on a specific aspect of the chosen field and expand your knowledge within that scope. On the contrary, choosing an unfamiliar subject matter can wash out your expertise.

Be prepared to change the topic if you find out that your research isn’t going anywhere. It might occur that you presuppose that your topic has a potential but somewhere at the stage of initial research, you find that it just won’t work. It’s always a good idea to consider two or three topics when you kick off the term paper writing – even if they are just different ways of examining the same problem. By doing this, you will be able to choose the best version, which may not be the one you started with at all!

Related Post: 100 Persuasive essay topics

Formulating a Thesis statement

Writing a proper thesis statement can also be challenging. To begin with, write down a couple of prominent ideas or concepts, then try to make rough drafts of them to see how they’ll work in the structural framework. You will probably find that one idea fits your style, interests, and knowledge base: you can choose that one as your thesis statement.

Remember that the thesis statement is the skeleton, the central concept of your paper. It is the elemental attribute of almost any academic paper – from master’s thesis to a simple five paragraph essay. If you do a thorough job on it, you will find that writing (and defending!) your argument is much easier.

Be aware that all of these stages are parts of a procedure – one leads to another. When writing a term paper, you should collect the material and wrap it up at the same time.

Planning – The Key To Success

Some people claim that they can write a term paper without any planning. In our opinion, this is impossible. If you don’t have a postgraduate degree and you aren’t a certified genius, you need to prepare an outline for your project. It may come as a surprise, but even people who claim otherwise actually prepare outlines – in their heads. But if you don’t have that much experience, use a pencil and your notebook to ensure that you don’t forget anything.

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That’s when we get to preparing your first draft . There’s only one thing to add here: do as many drafts as you need in order to achieve your goal. Understand that your aim is to create an excellent term paper and keep working at it until you are satisfied.

Term Paper Outline: Write Everything In The Proper Section!

In the Introduction , state the topic that you are going to investigate and the context of your work. This is the critical ‘selling’ moment of your work. In a nutshell, your introduction combined with a conclusion should give a sneak peek into what the whole paper is about. If your introduction is well-prepared, it will be quite complacent about the body of your project. The introduction must include an abstract that presents your thesis statement . You should explain your motivation (why should the reader be concerned about this problem?) , your methods (what scientific tools did you use?) , and the results (what you achieved) .

The Literature Review totally corresponds to its name – it is here to review the literature you compiled. Your professor will double check it to make sure that you understand the context of your argument. One more thing to add is: collect all the information you can! Ideally, you should read or at least glance through every book and author that you can find on the topic. Think of your task as a fascinating journey: if you approach it like that, reading hundreds of pages won’t seem like that much of a challenge.

In the Discussion , you must present the interpretations of the problem. Be honest, explain what you pieces of data you don’t agree with and what ideas and concepts you support. This section connects the dots between theory and practice when writing a term paper. Wherever possible, provide several interpretations of the subject matter, then choose the one(s) that are most relevant to the case you are presenting.

In the Body , focus on those arguments that prove your thesis statement. This section must be absolutely logical. If you have chosen a more complicated topic, use heading and sub-headings to improve the appearance of this section. While writing the body, keep your target audience (your professors) in mind. In other words, don’t just record the obvious causes/effects/solutions but also showcase your own findings – what you have discovered and how that proves your thesis statement. Demonstrate that you are familiar with the details and you will stun your readers with the prolific mastery of the topic.

Now, the Conclusion   is her to summarize both the content and the purpose of the paper. The most challenging part is not to make it too dry. Reiterate your thesis statement and briefly show how your results justified your proposition. At the very end, you can suggest a call to action or pose a rhetorical question or statement that leaves your reader wanting more.

What to do next?

When you have finished, reread your work a couple of times. You will almost certainly find a few faults, whether they are contextual, factual, syntactical, grammatical, or even simple spelling mistakes. A very useful tip is to wait for two or three days after writing your final draft to proofread it afterward. Your brain will have time to process the information, and you’ll be able to look at it with a fresh view.

When proofreading, take care to polish the structural problems. The skeleton (the logic and the thesis statement) should make sense. If they don’t, try to approach the problem from another perspective. The changes may take some time, but bear in mind that your objective is to produce professional work. Be patient!

After that, print the term paper. The human eye processes information differently on the paper than on a computer screen; that’s why you need to print it and take one final look for any possible mistakes. Even if you don’t see any serious defects, pay attention to formatting, punctuation, and synonyms. It’s an academic text, so make it shine!

Term Paper Sample

Be sure to check the sample of a term paper, completed by our writers. Use it as an example to perfect your own writing. Link:  Term Paper Sample: Consumer Buying Behavior .

The Do’s and Don’ts of Term Paper Writing

There you have the most important tips to help you succeed in writing a term paper. Now it’s up to you to stop reading and start writing!

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How to Write a Term Paper in 5 Steps

Term papers are a key way to test a student’s knowledge and research skills, but they can be difficult to write. In this guide, we explain the best methods to write a term paper, including the proper term paper format and even how to choose a term paper topic.

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What is a term paper?

A term paper is a piece of academic writing in which a student demonstrates their knowledge of a topic of study. Term papers constitute a large portion of the final grade, making them a serious assignment. There is typically no more than one term paper assigned each term, although how long a term lasts depends on the school system.

Keep in mind that a term paper is one specific type of academic paper. It is more intensive than a standard writing assignment but is not as in-depth as a thesis paper or dissertation.

How long is a term paper?

There is no standard length for a term paper; each subject, course, and professor has their own preferences. Term papers can be as short as five pages or as long as twenty pages, but they usually fall somewhere in the middle.

What’s the difference between a term paper and a research paper?

Technically speaking, a research paper is a paper that argues its main point with original data and evidence. However, the term research paper is used informally to refer to any paper that requires research, even when collecting data and evidence from other preexisting sources. So in that sense, a term paper can be a research paper if the student must research other sources to complete it.

The terms term paper and research paper are often used interchangeably. However, term papers are generally assigned once per term, whereas a teacher or professor can assign as many research papers as they wish.

What’s the difference between a term paper and an essay?

An essay is any writing that asserts the author’s opinion or perspective, whether for school, publication, or just the author’s personal enjoyment. Unlike research-oriented term papers that draw from data and evidence, essay writing is based only on the author’s experience or viewpoint.

Essays are usually shorter than term papers and more casual in tone. Keep in mind that term papers are strictly academic, whereas essays can be written for various audiences.

How do I write a term paper?

Writing a term paper still follows the standard writing process but with some extra focus in certain areas.

1 Developing ideas

The first step of writing a term paper is brainstorming to come up with potential topics and then selecting the best one. Sometimes your topics are assigned, but often you’ll have to choose one yourself.

In addition to picking a topic that you’re personally interested in, try to settle on one that has sufficient depth. Avoid topics that are too broad because you won’t be able to cover everything, and stay away from topics that are too specific because you may not find enough information to fill the required paper length.

If you’re looking for inspiration, check out our list of term and research paper topics .

2 Preparation (research)

The preparation stage is when you determine your main point and the parts of your topic you’re going to discuss. For most term papers, that requires research. If you’re not conducting your own research, then you’re finding and reviewing sources to use instead.

A good place to start is by writing your thesis statement , a single sentence that sums up the main point(s) your paper tries to make. Your thesis statement determines what evidence and counterarguments you’ll need to discuss. Deciding on these early can help streamline your research.

Once you establish what you want to include in your term paper, you can start putting it in order by writing an outline . Think of the outline as the blueprint of your term paper, mapping out each part of your topic, paragraph by paragraph.

Be sure to follow the term paper format for the assignment. This means adhering to the guidelines and planning enough content to meet the length requirement.

4 First draft

Writing the first draft is easier if you follow your outline. Although this stage can be the most labor-intensive, remember that everything doesn’t need to be perfect. You can still go back later to revise and optimize your wording, but for the first draft, just focus on getting all your ideas down on paper.

This isn’t always easy. If you’re having trouble or get stuck at certain points, go back to the fundamentals and revisit your first-year writing skills. If you have writer’s block, don’t be afraid to take a break and try again later—your brain could just be too tired to come up with ideas.

5 Editing and proofreading

After you have completed a first draft, it’s time to begin the editing process. This is when you correct the mistakes in the first draft and detect other issues that need revising. If a section seems weak or inadequate, you can revise the wording or even rewrite it entirely. You may find that something is missing from your first draft, so now is the time to add it.

We recommend rereading your term paper twice—once to correct the wording and structural mistakes and another time to proofread . Revising it twice allows you to better focus on particular issues instead of trying to address everything at once. If you’re trying to determine the right word choice , spending time on spelling and grammar might be a distraction. It’s better to separate the tasks and do them one at a time.

Term paper FAQs

How do i write my term paper.

Writing a term paper still follows the standard writing process, but goes deeper into certain areas. Start by brainstorming topics that you find interesting before selecting one that has ample source material. Then begin your research. When you’re ready to start writing, create an outline, then a first draft, and finally revisions.

There is no standard length for a term paper; every teacher or professor has their own requirements. Term papers can be as short as five pages or as long as twenty pages, but they usually fall somewhere in the middle.

Technically speaking, a research paper supports its thesis with original data and evidence. However, the term research paper is used informally to refer to any paper that requires research, even when collecting data and evidence from other preexisting sources. So in that sense, a term paper can also be a research paper if the student relies on other sources to complete it.

Term Paper Topics: 150 Ideas for Academic Excellence

Upon entering university, the multitude of responsibilities that accompany your studies may catch you off guard. The pressure to write and submit research papers on time can be overwhelming, leading to feelings of exhaustion and anxiety.

Many students find themselves stressed and unsure of how to navigate assignments and exams, particularly when it comes to selecting the best term paper topics that align with their writing style. The process can leave individuals feeling lost and in need of guidance or an essay service .

In this article, you will find a collection of 150 excellent topic ideas in Philosophy, Sociology, Micro and Macroeconomics, History, Ethics, Medicine, Chemistry, Biology, Education, as well as Media and Communication.

From History to Biology: Intriguing Term Paper Topics to Spark Your Creativity

The provided topic suggestions are organized based on subject areas, offering a diverse range of options. Our goal is to provide a balanced scope and complexity, catering to various academic levels, courses, and interests. Feel free to tailor these research topic ideas to align with your specific educational needs when learning how to write a term paper .

Whether you choose to narrow down the topics or approach them from a different perspective, the list is designed to be adaptable to your unique requirements and preferences. Should you lack time to explore any of these topics, go for custom research paper writing at any time on our website.

Still Can’t Find a Great Term Paper Topic?

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Philosophy Term Paper Topics

Embark on a philosophical exploration with these compelling topics in Philosophy that delve into the fundamental questions of existence, ethics, and knowledge. From classical philosophical inquiries to contemporary debates, this curated list offers diverse avenues for contemplation and intellectual discourse.

• The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Examining the Moral Implications of AI Development.
• Nietzsche's Ubermensch: A Critical Analysis of the Concept of the Overman.
• The Trolley Problem: Ethical Dilemmas in Utilitarianism.
• The Philosophy of Mind-Body Dualism: Descartes vs. Contemporary Perspectives.
• Existentialism in Literature: Analyzing the Existential Themes in Kafka's Works.
• The Epistemology of Fake News: Truth, Trust, and Information in the Digital Age.
• Eastern Philosophy: Comparing Taoism and Confucianism on Ethics and Society.
• Feminist Ethics: Deconstructing Gender Bias and Inequality through a Philosophical Lens.
• Environmental Ethics: The Moral Obligations in the Face of Climate Change.
• The Philosophy of Language: Wittgenstein's Linguistic Investigations and its Impact on Analytic Philosophy.

Sociology Term Paper Topics

Dive into the complexities of societal structures and human interactions with these thought-provoking topics in Sociology. This curated list explores a diverse range of issues, from the impact of technology on social dynamics to the examination of cultural norms and their influence on individual behavior. If Sociology isn't your jam, buy term paper from professional writers to keep up with the workload.

• The Digital Divide: Analyzing Socioeconomic Disparities in Access to Technology.
• Social Media and Identity: Exploring the Impact of Online Platforms on Self-Perception.
• The Influence of Gender Roles on Career Choices: A Sociological Perspective.
• Urbanization and Social Change: Examining the Effects of Urban Development on Communities.
• The Sociology of Deviance: Understanding the Social Construction of Criminality.
• Intersectionality in Feminist Theory: Addressing the Interconnectedness of Social Categories.
• The Role of Family Structure in Shaping Educational Attainment.
• Globalization and Cultural Homogenization: Assessing the Impact on Local Cultures.
• Social Movements and Political Change: A Comparative Analysis of Historical Cases.
• The Sociology of Health Inequalities: Investigating the Link Between Social Factors and Health Disparities.

Microeconomics Term Paper Topics

Explore the intricate world of economic decision-making and market dynamics with these engaging topics in Microeconomics. This curated list offers a diverse array of subjects, from analyzing consumer behavior to exploring the implications of market structures on resource allocation.

• Behavioral Economics: Investigating the Psychological Factors Influencing Consumer Choices.
• Market Failures and Externalities: Assessing the Role of Government Intervention.
• The Economics of Information: Examining the Impact of Asymmetric Information on Markets.
• Game Theory in Business Strategy: A Microeconomic Perspective.
• Labor Market Dynamics: Analyzing Wage Determinants and Unemployment Trends.
• The Elasticity of Demand: A Comprehensive Study of Price Sensitivity.
• Monopolistic Competition: Understanding the Characteristics and Implications for Industries.
• Environmental Economics: Evaluating the Economic Cost of Environmental Degradation.
• The Role of Microfinance in Alleviating Poverty: A Microeconomic Analysis.
• Health Economics: Exploring the Economic Factors Influencing Healthcare Access and Outcomes.

Macroeconomics Term Paper Topics

Study the broader economic landscape with these compelling topics in Macroeconomics. This curated list delves into key issues such as fiscal policy, monetary systems, and global economic trends, offering diverse avenues for in-depth analysis and critical inquiry.

• The Impact of Inflation on Income Distribution: A Macroeconomic Perspective.
• Keynesian vs. Monetarist Approaches to Economic Stabilization.
• Globalization and Income Inequality: Analyzing the Macro-Level Effects on Nations.
• The Phillips Curve: Examining the Relationship Between Inflation and Unemployment.
• The Role of Central Banks in Monetary Policy: A Comparative Analysis.
• Economic Growth and Sustainable Development: Balancing Progress with Environmental Concerns.
• Fiscal Policy and Economic Stimulus: Assessing the Effectiveness of Government Intervention.
• Exchange Rate Determinants: Understanding Factors Influencing Currency Values.
• The Business Cycle: Analyzing Phases and Implications for Economic Policies.
• The Macroeconomics of Public Debt: Evaluating the Impact on National Economies.

Economics Term Paper Topics

Discover a curated selection of topics in Economics designed to foster a deep understanding of economic principles and their real-world applications. From exploring market dynamics to evaluating the global impacts of economic policies, this collection provides a valuable foundation for in-depth research, allowing students to delve into critical economic issues and enhance their analytical skills.

• The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: A Comparative Analysis.
• Behavioral Economics and Nudging: Understanding the Intersection of Psychology and Economic Decision-Making.
• The Economics of Renewable Energy: Assessing the Viability and Impact on Energy Markets.
• Economic Consequences of Technological Innovation: A Historical Perspective.
• The Circular Economy: Exploring Sustainable Business Models and Resource Management.
• Income Mobility and Economic Equality: Analyzing Trends and Policy Implications.
• Trade Liberalization and Global Economic Integration: Challenges and Opportunities.
• The Economics of Healthcare Systems: A Comparative Study of Models Around the World.
• The Impact of Economic Policies on Income Distribution: A Case Study Approach.
• Financial Crises and Regulatory Responses: Lessons from Historical and Contemporary Perspectives.

History Term Paper Topics

To maximize your historical research experience, consider selecting a good research paper topic in History that aligns with your interests and offers ample primary and secondary sources, ensuring a rich and nuanced exploration of the past.

• The Silk Road: Cultural Exchange and Economic Impact.
• The Renaissance and its Influence on European Art and Science.
• The Berlin Wall: Origins, Division, and Fall.
• The Role of Women in Ancient Civilizations: A Comparative Study.
• The Cold War Space Race: USA vs. USSR.
• The Crusades: Causes, Consequences, and Historical Impact.
• The Age of Enlightenment: Intellectual Movements and Social Change.
• The Partition of India: Examining the Aftermath and Legacy.
• The Harlem Renaissance: Cultural Flourishing in African American History.
• The Industrial Revolution: Transformations in Society, Economy, and Technology.

Ethics Term Paper Topics

When tackling interesting research topics in Ethics, ensure to thoroughly define the ethical issue at hand and provide a clear rationale for your chosen stance. Engage with relevant ethical theories, present counterarguments thoughtfully, and strive for a balanced analysis to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved.

• Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.
• Environmental Ethics: Balancing Human Needs and Ecological Responsibility.
• The Ethics of Genetic Engineering: Navigating Moral Boundaries.
• Corporate Social Responsibility: Evaluating Business Ethics in the Modern Era.
• Bioethics and Human Cloning: Moral Considerations in Scientific Advancements.
• Ethical Issues in Animal Testing: Balancing Scientific Progress and Animal Welfare.
• The Morality of Capital Punishment: A Critical Analysis.
• Cyberethics: Addressing Moral Challenges in the Digital Age.
• Ethical Considerations in Medical Research: Lessons from Historical Controversies.
• Ethical Dimensions of Globalization: Examining Fair Trade and Social Justice.

World History Term Paper Topics

When working on topics in World History, focus on developing a clear thesis that addresses a specific aspect of global history, ensuring it is both compelling and well-defined. Support your arguments with a thorough examination of primary and secondary sources, offering a nuanced perspective on historical events and fostering a deeper understanding of their global impact.

• The Impact of the Silk Road on Global Trade and Cultural Exchange.
• The Age of Exploration: European Expansion and Its Consequences.
• The Industrial Revolution's Global Impact on Societies and Economies.
• The Ottoman Empire: Rise, Peak, and Decline.
• Decolonization Movements in Africa: Struggles for Independence.
• The Renaissance in Italy and Its Influence on European Art and Thought.
• The Haitian Revolution: A Landmark in the Fight Against Slavery.
• The Boxer Rebellion in China: Resistance to Western Influence.
• The Berlin Airlift: Cold War Tensions and Humanitarian Efforts.
• The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Critical Moment in Cold War History.

Medicine Term Paper Topics

Contemplating interesting research paper topics in Medicine, prioritize selecting a specific and relevant subject to explore, ensuring it aligns with your interests and academic goals. Additionally, integrate critical analysis of current research, consider ethical implications, and emphasize the practical applications of medical advancements to enhance the depth and breadth of your research paper. Since writing about health research paper topics is often challenging, consider learning how to write a nursing essay to be better prepared for such a task.

• Precision Medicine: Tailoring Treatment to Individual Genetic Profiles.
• The Ethics of Organ Transplants: Balancing Supply and Demand.
• Pandemics Throughout History: Lessons from the Black Death to COVID-19.
• Mental Health Stigma: Addressing Barriers to Care and Understanding.
• Advances in CRISPR Technology: Implications for Genetic Editing in Medicine.
• The Impact of Vaccination Programs on Public Health.
• Global Health Disparities: Analyzing the Root Causes and Solutions.
• Telemedicine: Revolutionizing Healthcare Delivery.
• Alternative Medicine: Examining Efficacy and Integration into Mainstream Healthcare.
• Medical Ethics in End-of-Life Care: Balancing Autonomy and Compassion.

Tackling topics in Philosophy, carefully define your thesis statement and ensure it reflects a clear and specific argument, providing a roadmap for your exploration. Engage deeply with primary philosophical texts, critically analyze different perspectives, and construct a well-structured argument to demonstrate a nuanced understanding of the philosophical concepts under consideration.

• Existentialism in Literature: Analyzing the Themes in Kafka's Works.
• The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Examining Moral Implications in AI Development.
• Nietzsche's Ubermensch: A Critical Analysis of the Overman Concept.
• Eastern Philosophy: A Comparative Study of Taoism and Confucianism.
• Feminist Ethics: Deconstructing Gender Bias and Inequality Philosophically.
• Environmental Ethics: Moral Obligations in the Face of Climate Change.
• Theories of Truth: A Comparative Analysis in Analytic Philosophy.

Chemistry Term Paper Topics

When approaching topics in Chemistry, focus on clearly defining the research question and highlighting its significance within the broader context of chemical science. Integrate recent advancements, experimental methodologies, and real-world applications to showcase the practical implications of your chosen topic and engage your readers with the dynamic and evolving nature of the field. If any topic is too difficult or doesn't resonate with you, try term paper writing services for better results.

• Green Chemistry: Sustainable Practices in the Chemical Industry.
• The Chemistry of Drug Design: From Molecules to Medicines.
• Nanotechnology in Chemistry: Applications and Future Implications.
• Environmental Chemistry: Analyzing the Impact of Human Activities on Ecosystems.
• The Role of Catalysts in Chemical Reactions: Mechanisms and Applications.
• Supramolecular Chemistry: Exploring Molecular Assemblies and Interactions.
• Quantum Chemistry: Understanding Molecular Behavior at the Quantum Level.
• Chemistry of Food Additives: Safety, Functionality, and Regulations.
• The Chemistry of Brewing: From Raw Ingredients to the Perfect Pint.
• Bioinorganic Chemistry: Investigating the Role of Metals in Biological Systems.

Biology Term Paper Topics

With topics in Biology, carefully define your research question, ensuring it addresses a specific aspect of biological science with relevance and significance. Utilize a combination of current research, empirical evidence, and critical analysis to construct a well-supported argument that contributes to the broader understanding of biological phenomena.

• CRISPR Technology: Revolutionary Advances in Genetic Editing.
• The Microbiome and Human Health: Exploring the Gut-Brain Connection.
• Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behavior: Insights from Darwinian Theory.
• Climate Change and Biodiversity: Impact on Ecosystems and Conservation.
• Stem Cell Research: Applications in Medicine and Ethical Considerations.
• Epigenetics: Understanding Gene Expression Beyond DNA Sequences.
• Conservation Biology: Strategies to Protect Endangered Species.
• Neurobiology of Addiction: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms.
• Synthetic Biology: Engineering Life for Biotechnological Applications.
• The Ecology of Infectious Diseases: Interactions between Pathogens and Hosts.

Political Science Term Paper Topics

Approaching Political Science topics involves clearly articulating your research question and its relevance to political theory or contemporary issues. Thoroughly engage with diverse perspectives, incorporate relevant case studies, and critically analyze empirical evidence to construct a nuanced argument that contributes to the field's ongoing discourse.

• The Impact of Social Media on Political Campaigns: Analyzing Communication Strategies.
• The Role of International Organizations in Global Governance: A Case Study Approach.
• Populism in Contemporary Politics: Causes, Characteristics, and Consequences.
• The Evolution of Political Parties: A Comparative Analysis of Party Systems.
• Human Rights and International Law: Addressing Challenges and Controversies.
• The Influence of Political Economy on Policy Decision-Making.
• The Arab Spring: Examining Political Change in the Middle East.
• Environmental Politics: Policy Approaches to Address Climate Change.
• Electoral Systems: Comparing Proportional Representation and First-Past-the-Post.
• Nationalism and Identity Politics: Impact on Statehood and International Relations.

Term Paper Topics About Education

Ensure your Education research paper topics are specific and relevant, focusing on an aspect of education that aligns with your academic interests. Support your arguments with a blend of empirical evidence, educational theories, and practical examples to offer a comprehensive analysis and contribute meaningfully to the discourse surrounding educational practices.

• The Impact of Technology on Classroom Learning: Opportunities and Challenges.
• Inclusive Education: Addressing Diversity in the Classroom.
• The Role of Standardized Testing in Education: Pros and Cons.
• Early Childhood Education: The Foundation for Lifelong Learning.
• Online Learning: Exploring Effectiveness and College Students Engagement.
• Education Policy Analysis: A Comparative Study of Global Approaches.
• Special Education: Meeting the Needs of Diverse Learners.
• Teacher Professional Development: Strategies for Continuous Improvement.
• The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Educational Attainment.
• Education and Social Justice: Bridging Gaps for Equitable Opportunities.

Media and Communication Term Paper Topics

Meticulously define your research question, emphasizing its significance within the realm of Media and Communication studies. Employ a critical analysis of media theories, incorporate real-world examples, and consider the social implications to construct a well-rounded argument that reflects an in-depth understanding of communication dynamics.

• Media Influence on Public Opinion: Analyzing the Power of Mass Media.
• Social Media and Political Discourse: Impacts on Democratic Processes.
• The Evolution of Print Journalism in the Digital Age: Challenges and Opportunities.
• Media Ethics: Balancing Freedom of Speech and Responsible Reporting.
• The Role of Advertising in Shaping Consumer Behavior: A Critical Examination.
• Media Convergence: Integration of Platforms and its Effects on Content.
• The Representation of Gender in Media: Examining Stereotypes and Progress.
• Fake News and Misinformation: Challenges in the Era of Information Overload.
• The Impact of Streaming Services on Traditional Media: A Market Analysis.
• Media Literacy Education: Enhancing Critical Thinking in the Digital Age.

It's always crucial to begin researching term paper topics by thoroughly understanding the assigned subject matter or selecting one that aligns with your interests and experiences. Engage in thoughtful brainstorming to identify key themes or personal anecdotes that can add depth to your essay. Establish a clear and compelling thesis statement that guides the reader through your narrative or argument, providing a roadmap for the essay's structure.

Be sure to strike a balance between personal reflection and broader implications, showcasing both your individual perspective and an awareness of the topic's significance. Finally, revise and edit your essay diligently, seeking feedback from peers or mentors to ensure clarity, coherence, and an impactful presentation of your research paper ideas. If you ever happen to require any help with finding the best research paper topics, simply say, ' write my paper ,' and college curriculum helpers will give you a hand. 

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Then it’s time to start doing your research. Wait a sec… Got no time for it? Deadlines burning too hot? Well, we’ve got a solution for you! 

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Training & Development Term Paper

Introduction, why training and development is important in human resource management, training delivery methods in a large organization, analysis of cost benefits of training and development program, reference list.

Training and development is an integral part of human resource management. This is mainly because it imparts skills and experience required for higher productivity. Human resource management is responsible for conducting employee training and development. Ideally, it involves applying of principles aimed at recruiting, training, compensating and developing employees in an organization. These are usually done to maximize effectiveness of the organization and its employees.

Human resource is divided into different categories that work together to achieve efficiency. These include recruitment, performance management, retention, payroll and industrial relation, as well as training and development. However, among these, training and development forms the core of human resource management.

This is mainly because it works to reduce randomness as well as ensure that learning happens in a structured manner. Several methods have been utilized in achieving the best training programs. However, these programs need evaluation to determine their efficacy. This can only be done through evaluation process and design.

Training and development programs require evaluation to ensure that the company moves forward. This paper will establish why training and development is essential in human resource management. It will also explore methods of training, analyze its cost benefits and study a case on the same (Noe, 2006, p.15).

Training and development is essential in any company. This is mainly because it forms the backbone of human resource. Without training and development, achieving efficacy is almost impossible. Moreover, it helps in imparting organizational culture and orientation into the company.

The former enables employees to improve work in line with company’s organizational structure, which helps in smooth running of activities. Similarly, the latter ensures that behavioral change or learning is done in a structured manner. This in turn helps in strengthening organizational culture and hence improved productivity. Training and development is therefore very important as it helps the organization to achieve its objectives (McNamara, 2011, p. 1).

Training and development is usually conducted for a variety of purposes. This is often done when conducting training on a particular topic of interest to the organization, testing a fresh performance system and when employees change roles. In addition, it can be utilized for employee professional development or as a standard for improvement, among others.

In this regard, training and development of employees escalate morale, job satisfaction, employee motivation, efficiency in productivity and hence higher profitability. Furthermore, it minimizes employee turnover, increases innovation, capacity to embrace new technologies and diversity. It is also important to note that training and development enhances risk management as well as image of the company (Advameg, Inc., 2011, p. 1).

Training and development involves a number of phases. These include need analysis, development, evaluation, implementation and design. The phases are usually followed and utilized based on their need. The diagram figure below indicates the phases of training.

Large corporations require effective training methods since the company’s sustainability depends on it. They compose of materials and techniques utilized by trainers in order to structure a learning process. Ultimately, they are aimed at achieving various objectives, which determine the methods of training delivery.

In order to come up with the best training delivery method, a manager needs to analyze company needs. After which, he/she can move to design process where appropriate method is chosen concerning expected deliverables. This requires division of methods into behavioral and cognitive methodologies based on the learning objectives desired.

Cognitive methods are usually given in written form and this helps in establishing relationships or rules of performance. On the other hand, behavioral methods enables trainees to practice whatever is learnt in simulated or real situations. The latter has an advantage of providing learners with hands on experience as it involves physical training, which improves memorization of activities learnt (Advameg, Inc., 2011, p. 1).

As a manager in a large organization, I should analyze company needs before deciding on the best training delivery methods. Moreover, it is also important to consider the kind of materials available for training. Cognitive training delivery methods include lectures, discussions, case studies and e-learning.

On the other hand, behavioral methods include business games, behavior modeling, role-plays, case studies and in-basket techniques as well as use of simulators. Large organizations require various skills because of diversity and company goals. It is therefore important that a manager integrate both methods (behavioral and cognitive) in method delivery (Blanchard & Thacker, 2003, p. 25).

Whenever training is done, it is important that a company evaluate return on training. This enables the company to determine cost benefits of continuing with the program. In addition, it enables companies to measure training deliverables. Evaluation of training is also important in emphasizing capacity of such programs to improve performance. Evaluation of training programs can be conducted in many ways, some of which include time series and reversal.

It is also important that companies evaluate return on their investments. This helps such companies to determine viability of their training programs. Among the methods utilized in determining return on investment for training programs is cost-benefit-analysis. Cost-benefit-analysis involves evaluation of economic benefits of any given program.

To achieve this, accounting techniques, which explore the benefits and cost of training, are utilized. The following table gives an example of cost benefit analysis for Al Baraka banking group in Bahrain (Dessler, 2005, p. 304). It can be observed that cost per employee is $ 1036.50.

Therefore, since Return on investment (ROI) = benefits of the program/cost * 100 and assuming that return is $2,000,000, then ROI gives

100,000/1,036.50*100 = 96.05018% (4 dp), this means that for each $1 invested, the return is about $ 96.1dolar over and above it.

Also the Net savings after the program = benefits – cost, the benefits of training can be given as follows

From the formula: Net savings after the program = benefits – cost, we shall have

(Benefits) $2,000,000 – (Cost) $ 20,725 = (Net savings) $1,979,275.

The case study describes a situation at Apex Door Company. Jim Delaney is the president of this company and faces a recurrent problem with his employees. Whenever he tells them what to do, they do as they choose. In the process, argument erupts between the supervisor, Jim and the employee. These problems are in door design and order processing departments. The latter is more profound as clerks do not understand how to fill orders in the multipage forms (Dessler, 2005, p. 304).

What do you think of apex’s training program? Could you explain why employees do things their way?

Apex’s training program is more like a traditional system, which involves transfer of skills from an outgoing employee to an incoming one. This kind of training program utilizes few resources and is inclined to fail. This is mainly because information transferred undergoes changes over the years as it passes from one employee to another. Moreover, the program is not innovative and technology friendly. Ultimately, employees are poorly trained and this results in issues (Dessler, 2005, p. 304).

What role should job description play in Apex?

Job description is important in outlining the specific roles expected of an employee. This is very important in selection of potential employees as it maximizes efficiency. In this case, job description is not prioritized and this brings with it the said issues. Job description should ensure only the right individual with capacity to perform duties is recruited (Dessler, 2005, p. 304).

What to do in order to improve training process

Apex Company requires human resource management techniques that emphasizes on its roles of training and development. Mr. Jim should therefore start by recruiting a human resource manager with proven record of undertaking training and development. After which, all the company needs should be examined and a training delivery method chosen. The next step involves designing a program or plan on training these employees.

It may involve separation of employees according to their job duties. For instance, clerks would require less time in training as compared to engineers. The management should also integrate both cognitive and behavioral methods of delivery in order to find a balance for each job description. Finally, development, Implementation and evaluation of the program should follow (Dessler, 2005, p. 304).

Training and development is important in all organizations. It forms the core responsibility of human resource management. Therefore, every organization should have a form of training program that ensures organizational structures are followed. Moreover, it is important that each company evaluate its programs. This will help companies to determine return on investment. This can be achieved by conducting a cost-benefit-analysis (KSL Consulting Ltd, 2011, p. 1).

Advameg, Inc. (2011). Training Delivery Methods . referenceforbusiness. Web.

Blanchard, P.N., & Thacker, J.W. (2003). Effective Training: Systems, Strategies, and Practices (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Dessler, G. (2005). Human Resource Management: Reinventing the wheel at Apex Door Company . London, LDN: Pearson, pp. 304.

KSL Consulting Ltd. (2011). Training Delivery Methods. Web.

McNamara, C. (2011). Employee Training and Development: Reasons and Benefits . managementhelp. Web.

Noe, R. (2006). Employee Training & Development (4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

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Ideas and insights from Harvard Business Publishing Corporate Learning

How to Define Impactful Leadership Development Goals

• Choose one key business priority to drive your learning initiative and use it as a filter for determining targeted leadership development goals.
• For maximum impact, focus on a limited number of highly impactful behaviors and outcomes.
• Choose specific and measurable success indicators to track before, during, and after the program.

When organizations come to Harvard Business Publishing Corporate Learning, they are usually in the process of transformation. They know that although transformation sounds lofty, its success is largely determined by day-to-day actions. A recent McKinsey study concurs: “Organizations with successful transformations are more likely than others to embed transformation disciplines into ‘business as usual’ processes.”

Our partners see the most success when their learning programs target specific leadership development goals, but it can be challenging to align on the right ones when the stakes are high and everyone brings different priorities and anxieties to the table. We use a proven process to guide our partners from an ambitious goal to the learning experience that will make it happen. Here’s how we do it—and how you can, too.

Focus on a key business priority

Clarity should be established from the top down, starting with the most urgent business priority. Get alignment here, and all the decisions—target behaviors, tangible goals, program design—will flow from it. If your organization lacks strategic alignment , start by asking this simple question: Where does the organization need to go, and how can leadership development support it?

Broadly speaking, organizations aim to increase profits, cut costs, and mitigate risks—factors directly connected to their survival. This might mean maintaining a competitive edge, unifying a company post-acquisition, or becoming more inclusive. 

Connecting the learning initiative to key business priorities makes the program feel more urgent for participants and demonstrates relevance to executive leaders.

In some cases, the key business priority might be obvious. Even if that’s the case, it’s good to validate that stakeholders are on the same page before getting started. This will be the filter you return to again and again while making a host of decisions throughout the initiative, so make sure you are surfacing conflicting priorities and perspectives among participants during alignment conversations. Tactics like real-time polling and candor breaks can help create a psychologically safe environment for these conversations. Still, it can be challenging for L&D leaders to manage conflict constructively among senior leaders, especially when there’s no official decision-maker. Our guide to managing conflict offers some helpful tips on how to do it.

The goal is to leave with agreement about the key priority at the heart of the leadership development effort. After that, there’s a critical step that’s often overlooked: evaluating internal systems. If internal systems, processes, and culture are not supportive, research shows that training will fail. Assessing systems and allowing time to revamp them is a critical precursor for turning training into performance.

• Key Question: Where does the organization need to go, and how can leadership development support it?

Identify supportive performance outcomes

If the key business priority is the “what,” performance outcomes are the “how”—the visible leadership behaviors that will make it happen. Think deeply about what behaviors will really move the needle, and save the “nice-to-haves” for the next initiative. It can be tempting to pursue sweeping changes, which makes sense—learning initiatives are an investment, and organizations want to maximize the value of that investment. However, decades of experience have taught us that highly focused programs yield the most impressive results.

This is a place to dig deep, because the most impactful behaviors aren’t always the obvious ones. For example, our partnership with Atos focused broadly on digital transformation. Digital competency was an obvious focus, but it was equally important that leaders could deliver on strategic initiatives by strengthening collaboration and team management.

Performance outcomes vary based on organizational need, but typically fall into two categories: “Driving everyday performance” or “Preparing for the future.” We recommend choosing just two or three to focus on.

Source : 2023 Global Leadership Development Study: Ready for Anything

When choosing which leadership behaviors to focus on, make sure you’re hearing from the program audience. Innovation experts point to the need to develop a deep, intimate understanding of what customers are trying to accomplish in specific situations—the essential “jobs to be done.” The same goes for leadership development programs. To make sure the program is highly relevant, ask leaders what “jobs” they need to get done well on a regular basis and which they struggle with. Some of their answers may surprise you.

Rushing this part of the process is the single biggest mistake we see in leadership development today. Get feedback from as many people as you can, and make sure you’re not just talking to people who already agree with you about the value of leadership development. These programs are a wasted investment if employees don’t think they’re applicable.

To make sure the program is highly relevant, ask leaders in your target population about what “jobs” they need to get done well on a regular basis and which they struggle with.

Global technology company Leidos offers a great example of how to do it. When they were developing a signature leadership development program for midlevel leaders, they sought input from those leaders on their essential “jobs to be done.” This informed target behaviors, content, and other program elements. The learning experience respected the busy schedules of midlevel leaders, with integrated learning built into the flow of work. Learning cohorts addressed the need for connection, discussion, and executive perspective, and the program culminated with a capstone project designed to bring learning into real business contexts. The resulting projects directly increased revenue, improved retention, and had a tangible effect on customer satisfaction.

The learning audience can share a practical perspective on the everyday habits that will impact the key business priority, while senior leaders may focus more on medium-term behaviors. An effective program will consider both.

• Key Question: How will leaders act differently when the program is over?

Define success

Once you understand the “jobs to be done” by your target audience, it’s time to get tactical and define the concrete impacts that will demonstrate behavior change and support the key business priority.

We often hear that it’s hard to quantify the impact of leadership development, but it’s often a matter of choosing the right yardstick. The learning experience that we designed with Coca-Cola focused on innovation and adaptation. Those concepts can seem abstract, but their program delivered on tangible indicators: employee engagement, productivity, revenue, and operating income. Another client targeted more effective customer service—their success indicator was fewer repeat service calls.

Leadership Development Program Goals Example

Make sure the success indicators that you choose are measurable. Your measurement plan will be your roadmap for impact, so make sure that you can collect the data you need before committing. For each success indicator, you should have a metric, a plan for collecting data, and the current baseline. To get that baseline, you’ll probably need to do an assessment so you can compare “apples to apples” at the end of the program. A defined measurement plan doesn’t just determine impact after the program. It can also include metrics you can monitor during the program, allowing for enrichment or course correction of the learning experience.

• Key Question: What concrete indicators will have an impact on the key business priority?

Celebrate your progress toward leadership development goals

It might take a while to find out if you’ve hit a goal like revenue increase, but others, like behavior change, can and should be celebrated in real-time. At the end of their program, an energy company that we worked with asked participants to record informal videos about what new leadership behaviors they were trying. The response was overwhelming: every participant cited something new they were doing, and many had advice for the next cohort about how to change their own leadership behaviors upon entering the program.

A tried-and-true method has always been to encourage managers to highlight successful applications of learning goals during the workday. Share success stories and engagement stats to keep participants feeling validated and motivated. Creating “accountability buddies” or groups can also provide encouragement and motivation. After all, peers can offer developmental coaching, know the key concepts and frameworks from the program to reinforce, and often have a deeper appreciation of the nuances of leading at a specific level of an organization.  Peer recognition is a powerful catalyst and sustainer of on-the-job behavior change.

If the leadership development program didn’t realize some of its goals, don’t be discouraged. Use that data to explore further. Get curious and seek out feedback from all levels to understand what levers can be pulled to improve future outcomes. You can bring that learning to your stakeholders to inform your approach to the next initiative and the next big, ambitious goal.

Have a question about leadership development programs? Get in touch with one of our learning design specialists. For a complete guide to learning initiatives, check out our series on How to Create a Successful Leadership Development Program .

About the authors

Deanna Foster

• Senior Director, Global Solutions at Harvard Business Publishing
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Dr. Gregg Kober

• Director, Global Solutions at Harvard Business Publishing
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Change isn’t easy, but we can help. Together we’ll create informed and inspired leaders ready to shape the future of your business.

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6 Common Leadership Styles — and How to Decide Which to Use When

• Rebecca Knight

Being a great leader means recognizing that different circumstances call for different approaches.

Research suggests that the most effective leaders adapt their style to different circumstances — be it a change in setting, a shift in organizational dynamics, or a turn in the business cycle. But what if you feel like you’re not equipped to take on a new and different leadership style — let alone more than one? In this article, the author outlines the six leadership styles Daniel Goleman first introduced in his 2000 HBR article, “Leadership That Gets Results,” and explains when to use each one. The good news is that personality is not destiny. Even if you’re naturally introverted or you tend to be driven by data and analysis rather than emotion, you can still learn how to adapt different leadership styles to organize, motivate, and direct your team.

Much has been written about common leadership styles and how to identify the right style for you, whether it’s transactional or transformational, bureaucratic or laissez-faire. But according to Daniel Goleman, a psychologist best known for his work on emotional intelligence, “Being a great leader means recognizing that different circumstances may call for different approaches.”

• RK Rebecca Knight is a journalist who writes about all things related to the changing nature of careers and the workplace. Her essays and reported stories have been featured in The Boston Globe, Business Insider, The New York Times, BBC, and The Christian Science Monitor. She was shortlisted as a Reuters Institute Fellow at Oxford University in 2023. Earlier in her career, she spent a decade as an editor and reporter at the Financial Times in New York, London, and Boston.

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Referring to the balance sheet of both the companies, below is the information relating to stockholder equity: Meiji Holdings: The company during 2013, has total stockholder equity of $3242.84 Million with the components of stockholder equity as follows: - Common Stock(Authorized and Issued) - Capital Surplus - Retained Earnings - Treasury Stock(at cost)

General Mills Inc:

Example of the shareholder (stockholder) and stakeholder theories of corporate purpose term paper, free term paper about comparing general mills inc and meiji holdings, accounting standard followed by the company.

i) General Mills Inc:

Referring to Note 1 of the financial statement, we notice that General Mills Inc follows Generally Accepted Accounting Principle(GAAP).

ii) Meiji Holdings: Referring to the Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, we find that Meiji Holdings are following Generally Accepted Accounting Principle(GAAP) in Japan. In addition, the company specifically declares that the consolidated financial statements of the company are not prepared in accordance with GAAP standards prevalent in countries or jurisdictions other than Japan.

Accounting Standard followed by the auditors

Transfer pricing term paper sample, example of bep and planning term paper.

Cheniere Energy Inc. based in Houston is choosen as the company for the required analysis. It is into the business of LNG. The financial statements of 2013 have been taken and studied for the flexible budget.

Flexible Budget showing three different growth rates

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Business Development and Sales Benchmarking Term Paper

The aim of this project is to develop a framework of analysis for the business development of a photo studio that will include a sales benchmarking that will allow us to track the performance of the studio against that of other competitors in the industry, as well as against general market averages.

The project will include two different parts: (1) the business development of the photo studio part, where the project will aim at identifying and covering the main consumer groups and targeted segments, the overall evaluation of the industry in which the studio will be operating, including potential consumers, brief PEST and Porter analysis; and (2) the sales benchmarking part, which will most likely become a feedback and control instrument, aimed at monitoring the performances of the studio against other competitors and market averages and at improving these according to the results obtained in the evaluation process.

The photographic studio will be including in a market that has both photographic artists, individual ones or belonging to larger studios, developing capacities etc. Besides this, the area of coverage in terms of customers is vast, ranging from ordinary families to models. The role of the project will also be at determining which of these niches the photographic studios can successfully tackle, which are likely to increase the company’s revenues at the lowest costs and make the studio competitive on the market.

The rationale behind this project proposal is closely related to the vastness and diversity of the proposed subject itself, as well as to the numerous implications of the subject, given the particularities of the photographic market, the way this can determine some of the figures and constraints in the business development plan etc. With such a project, we can track, investigate and monitor both variables before and during the initial business development process (including the initial market research, identifying relevant competitors and segments of consumers etc.), as well as during the later phases of the business development process, with a significant emphasis on the sales monitoring.

This will include the use of sales benchmarking, tracking the sales of the studio both against other competitors and against relevant market figures and market standards. These approaches will tend to cover a complete monitoring and analytical process over a wider spectrum of the company’s existence. At the same time, it will allow a differentiated approach to the use of different monitoring instruments, as well as research tools.

Both of the two mentioned phases will require the availability of data from the market and the consumers in order to be able to process it and draw the relevant conclusions from it. The initial business development phase will require both a theoretical and practical approach. First of all, from a theoretical perspective, we will need to have a relevant theoretical background of how the market works, of the different implications of the players in the market, of the rules of the photography market, both in terms of sales and distribution, as well as in terms of approaching new clients and building the appropriate network of contacts.

From a practical perspective, the project will require and will include data from the industry, ranging from the competitors’ most important figures (revenues and costs mainly, which will help us understand some of the dynamics on the market, as well as the types of business figures we are likely to expect. This is also important in trying to determine whether the studio will be able to sustain the initial costs until revenues will balance them) to external data such as market share, the total size of the market, the size of the competitors, external forces impacting the market, etc.

Some of this data can be drawn from theoretical research, with much of the data being public and available for anybody. Business directories, including Google’s, will be a good place to start the research for the competitors, while the research on the market can include direct contact with professional organizations, which might be specialized on the matter and may have more information on the way the market is organized. Direct contact with one or more of the potential future competitors can also be a good approach to start developing a network with some of the entities involved in the industry.

The sales benchmarking phase will basically allow us to monitor the performance of the studio against relevant third parties (different other companies operating in the market etc.) and market averages in terms of sales etc. Direct research methodologies will be used here, including sales and revenues data obtained from other companies, from business directories etc. For the studio, we will simply track the main accounting instruments (cash flow statement, balance sheet, income statement) in order to identify the evolution of sales figures.

An important and interesting part of this project will be the actual future projection of the current sales benchmarking mechanism. The aim of this part will be to identify potential consumer trends and determine how these are likely to evolve in the future. This will create the appropriate premises for the early identification of all potential problems that may hamper sales figures in the future, determining the way the business can react to these new challenges, decide on measures to be taken at that point etc.

In order to create a framework of the potential future evolution of all these variables, we are likely to be using methods such as interviews with some of the clients, as well as with targeted, potential future customers. At the same time, interviews with other shareholders on the market, notably other competitors and regulatory bodies, can be used to determine and identify potential trends in the industry, new ways that the market can evolve, especially in terms of consumer preferences.

Finally, the project will also aim at developing a proper action plan mechanism that will put the results of the sales benchmarking process into good use. In this sense, the question is: once the data has been obtained and the results show something, what is the next step to be taken? The action plan will point out some of the potential next steps that can be taken and will determine the impact that these next steps are likely to have over the evolution of the business development process.

As mentioned, the area of research is sufficiently vast to permit a diverse research project, with implications over a longer period of the business development process.

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Skip the Traffic: Commuters Turn to Ferries to Get Around

Ferry ridership took a hit during the pandemic. But new terminals, additional routes and faster, smaller boats are driving a new era of water transportation and development.

A ferry arriving at Treasure Island, a former naval base that is a 10-minute ride from downtown San Francisco. Credit... Jim Wilson/The New York Times

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By Linda Baker

• April 8, 2024

As remote work reshapes the way people live and travel around cities, Americans are taking to the waterways not only as part of their commute but also as part of their daily lives.

Some coastal cities are seeing ferry ridership bounce back after a decline during the pandemic, and growing interest in water transit is spurring both new types of ferry services and waterfront development.

In Bremerton, Wash., a fast-growing Seattle suburb on Puget Sound, a $141 million development opened less than 100 yards from a high-speed passenger ferry that travels to downtown Seattle in 30 minutes; its older car ferry service takes an hour. Carteret, N.J., is launching a ferry service to Manhattan, adjacent to a waterfront film and television production complex. Ferry service is also central to the development of a new community on a former naval base off San Francisco.

The ferry boom comes as municipal governments are trying to address a variety of social, economic and environmental challenges, and as some of the country’s largest cities look to water transport to ease traffic, connect communities and meet housing and commercial development goals. Last year, the Federal Transit Administration announced grants totaling $220.2 million for ferry systems. And local governments are offering tax incentives to redevelop industrial zones.

Ferry systems are expanding beyond traditional commuter and tourist routes to meet the “discretionary travel patterns” of remote workers and retirees, said Ryan Avery, interim director of the Washington State Transportation Center at the University of Washington. “They’re doing it for shopping, going to a football, soccer or baseball game,” he said.

“The market changed,” he continued. “People also want faster service.” He noted the changes were also opening up opportunities for new types of terminal designs — as mixed-used hubs offering other transit connections, rather than as a single-use building surrounded by a parking lot.

In Bremerton, the ferry and the nearby Marina Square apartment complex are part of a third wave of waterfront development, said Wes Larson, founder and chief executive of the Sound West Group, which qualified for an eight-year property tax exemption on improvements for Marina Square. The area’s population has increased 6 percent since 2020, driven in part by Seattle’s high housing costs. (The average rent for a one-bedroom apartment is $1,997 in Seattle and $1,447 in Bremerton, according to Apartments.com.)

Marina Square has 270 apartments, a waterfront park, a restaurant and a market; a Y.M.C.A. is also planned. The complex includes studios and furnished, extended-stay suites for workers at Naval Base Kitsap, the region’s largest employer, four blocks away.

Over the past seven years, the transit agency in Kitsap County, which includes Bremerton, has opened three passenger-only fast ferry routes to Seattle, which can carry 120 to 350 people. The operation had more than one million riders in 2023, up 37 percent from the year before.

Last summer, the Washington State Ferries system reopened its primary ferry terminal in Seattle after a $467 million renovation. The city is developing a new waterfront that will reconnect downtown with Puget Sound.

The terminal, called Colman Dock, features public space, retail and food vendors, outdoor plazas and a site for charging electric ferries. The ferry agency is aiming for an emissions-free electric fleet by 2050.

In Carteret, Mayor Daniel J. Reiman is close to seeing his 15-year effort to launch a ferry service realized, with operations expected to start next year.

Carteret does not have a rail station, and local highways are overwhelmed by traffic, Mr. Reiman said. The ferry, he said, will provide “a much-needed alternate mode of transport to New York City, and gives the opportunity to redevelop an older urban community.”

The borough recently approved a $1 billion waterfront project that will include Carteret Stages, a 15-story movie and television production studio, hotel and retail and restaurant pavilion, to be built on a former DuPont Chemical site that has been vacant for almost 60 years. The site will also include a ferry terminal offering 20-minute service to Manhattan.

In San Francisco, a new neighborhood with retail, commercial space, parks and 8,000 apartments, condos and town homes is taking shape on Treasure Island, a former naval base that is a 10-minute ferry ride from downtown. The project is a partnership between the city and a private development group, Treasure Island Community Development.

“There is no more direct way to connect a resident on the island to the beauty of the bay than having a ferry service,” said Chris Meany, principal at Wilson Meany, the group’s lead developer. “The ferry also keeps you from ever having to be in a traffic jam.”

Treasure Island Community Development is funding the ferry operations, which started in 2022, for the first few years. The Water Emergency Transportation Authority , a public agency that operates the San Francisco Bay Ferry system, will take over.

The authority ’s ferry system, which includes 15 passenger boats, has recovered around 90 percent of its prepandemic ridership, partly by cutting fares and adding more service, said Jim Wunderman, the agency’s chairman.

The agency is also working on an expansion plan to ensure reliable transportation in the aftermath of an earthquake, he said. One strategy is to team up with local communities and developers to build ferry terminals in new neighborhoods.

“We’re advocating for ferries as a missing transit link, but also to create opportunities for development on the waterfront,” said Mr. Wunderman, who is also chief executive of the Bay Area Council, an economic development group.

Treasure Island will include housing for workers and homes and services for people who have been homeless, Mr. Meany said. Buildings will be 300 feet from the water’s edge to account for storm surges.

Even seasonal ferry service is attracting development. Last year, a new ferry in Lynn, Mass., offered a 35-minute passage to Boston’s Central Wharf from June through October. A development firm purchased an adjacent property that had been vacant for 40 years and built the Breakwater North Harbor complex with 331 apartments, said Jim Cowdell, executive director of the Lynn Economic Development and Industrial Corporation, the city’s economic development agency.

“The property was sold because of the ferry,” Mr. Cowdell said. “It’s a two-minute walk: You hop on the ferry and go into Boston.”

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Sigurður Örn joins PLAY as Chief of Business Development

Sigurður Örn has joined PLAY airlines as Chief of Business Development. This is a new position within the company where Sigurður will oversee the expansion of PLAY's business ventures across all departments.  

Sigurður Örn holds an MBA degree from the Katz Graduate School of Business at the University of Pittsburgh and has an extensive background in aviation. Sigurður previously served as CEO and chairman of Bluebird Nordic and was board member of Avion Express. He also played a key role in negotiating major acquisitions for Avia Solutions Group (AGS), including Avion Express, SmartLynx, and Bluebird Nordic. 

Expressing his enthusiasm for the new role, Sigurður Örn remarked, "It is very exciting to be joining PLAY at this pivotal moment. The company's remarkable growth, evidenced by its doubling of revenue last year while maintaining a competitive cost structure, positions PLAY for even greater success in the future. I am eager to contribute to this journey." 

PLAY's CEO, Einar Örn Ólafsson, also expressed excitement about Sigurður Örn's addition to the team, citing his wealth of experience and knowledge of the aviation industry as valuable assets. 

“We are excited to have Sigurður Örn joining our team. He brings valuable experience and knowledge of the aviation industry, which will be useful to the company. We have ambitious plans, and Sigurður Örn's expertise will undoubtedly bolster our efforts," says Einar Örn Ólafsson. 

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