essay writing terrorism in india

Terrorism Essay for Students and Teacher

500+ words essay on terrorism essay.

Terrorism is an act, which aims to create fear among ordinary people by illegal means. It is a threat to humanity. It includes person or group spreading violence, riots, burglaries, rapes, kidnappings, fighting, bombings, etc. Terrorism is an act of cowardice. Also, terrorism has nothing to do with religion. A terrorist is only a terrorist, not a Hindu or a Muslim.

Types of Terrorism

Terrorism is of two kinds, one is political terrorism which creates panic on a large scale and another one is criminal terrorism which deals in kidnapping to take ransom money. Political terrorism is much more crucial than criminal terrorism because it is done by well-trained persons. It thus becomes difficult for law enforcing agencies to arrest them in time.

Terrorism spread at the national level as well as at international level.  Regional terrorism is the most violent among all. Because the terrorists think that dying as a terrorist is sacred and holy, and thus they are willing to do anything. All these terrorist groups are made with different purposes.

Causes of Terrorism

There are some main causes of terrorism development  or production of large quantities of machine guns, atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, nuclear weapons, missiles, etc. rapid population growth,  Politics, Social, Economic  problems, dissatisfaction of people with the country’s system, lack of education, corruption, racism, economic inequality, linguistic differences, all these are the major  elements of terrorism, and terrorism flourishes after them. People use terrorism as a weapon to prove and justify their point of view.  The riots among Hindus and Muslims are the most famous but there is a difference between caste and terrorism.

The Effects Of Terrorism

Terrorism spreads fear in people, people living in the country feel insecure because of terrorism. Due to terrorist attacks, millions of goods are destroyed, the lives of thousands of innocent people are lost, animals are also killed. Disbelief in humanity raises after seeing a terrorist activity, this gives birth to another terrorist. There exist different types of terrorism in different parts of the country and abroad.

Today, terrorism is not only the problem of India, but in our neighboring country also, and governments across the world are making a lot of effort to deal with it. Attack on world trade center on September 11, 2001, is considered the largest terrorist attack in the world. Osama bin Laden attacked the tallest building in the world’s most powerful country, causing millions of casualties and death of thousands of people.

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Terrorist Attacks in India

India has suffered several terrorist attacks which created fear among the public and caused huge destruction. Here are some of the major terrorist attacks that hit India in the last few years: 1991 – Punjab Killings, 1993 – Bombay Bomb Blasts, RSS Bombing in Chennai, 2000 – Church Bombing, Red Fort Terrorist Attack,2001- Indian Parliament Attack, 2002 – Mumbai Bus Bombing, Attack on Akshardham Temple, 2003 – Mumbai Bombing, 2004 – Dhemaji School Bombing in Assam,2005 – Delhi Bombings, Indian Institute of Science Shooting, 2006 – Varanasi Bombings, Mumbai Train Bombings, Malegaon Bombings, 2007 – Samjhauta Express Bombings, Mecca Masjid Bombing, Hyderabad Bombing, Ajmer Dargah Bombing, 2008 – Jaipur Bombings, Bangalore Serial Blasts, Ahmedabad Bombings, Delhi Bombings, Mumbai Attacks, 2010 – Pune Bombing, Varanasi Bombing.

The recent ones include 2011 – Mumbai Bombing, Delhi Bombing, 2012 – Pune Bombing, 2013 – Hyderabad Blasts, Srinagar Attack, Bodh Gaya Bombings, Patna Bombings, 2014 – Chhattisgarh Attack, Jharkhand Blast, Chennai Train Bombing, Assam Violence, Church Street Bomb Blast, Bangalore, 2015 –  Jammu Attack, Gurdaspur Attack, Pathankot Attack, 2016 – Uri Attack, Baramulla Attack, 2017 – Bhopal Ujjain Passenger Train Bombing, Amarnath Yatra Attack, 2018 Sukma Attack, 2019- Pulwama attack.

Agencies fighting Terrorism in India

Many police, intelligence and military organizations in India have formed special agencies to fight terrorism in the country. Major agencies which fight against terrorism in India are Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS), Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), National Investigation Agency (NIA).

Terrorism has become a global threat which needs to be controlled from the initial level. Terrorism cannot be controlled by the law enforcing agencies alone. The people in the world will also have to unite in order to face this growing threat of terrorism.

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• Terrorism Essay

Essay on Terrorism

Terrorism is a blunder committed by the terrible individuals around us. To demonstrate their strength, a group of people attempts to govern a specific arena. Terrorism has a negative impact on both society and personal life. As a result of their acts, a large number of families are destroyed. Regrettably, the number of crimes in India is increasing on a daily basis. Ancient India was ruled by a monarchy, and the ruling was a source of pride for the king. However, India later accepted democracy, and everyone is treated equally under the Indian constitution. Even so, some cowards try to keep their power over the impoverished and weak.

Terrorism represents the foolish act done by the cruel people around us. The bunch of groups tries to rule the certain arena to show their power. Terrorism had a adverse effect on the society as well as a personal life. Their number of families gets destroyed due to their actions. In India, it's sad to say, but the number of crimes is increasing day by day. Ancient India was in Monarchy where ruling was a pride to the king, but later on India accepted democracy and everyone is treated the same under the Indian constituent. Still some cowards try to maintain their dominance over poor and helpless people.

Who could forget the date 26th November, better known as 26/11! Where 10 terrorists entered the country and attacked the economic city in India. Bringing grenades, pistols, automated rifles and other destructive weapons they almost destroyed the city and shocked the Indians in the midnight. The people are helpless, weaponless and in their own world of enjoyment at the railway station, hotels and in the drives on the roads, and suddenly a danger happens in their lives, which they did not expect. 

Osama Bin Laden was the greatest terrorist in the world! People are still afraid of hearing his name. He had destroyed a building named ‘world-trade center’ with the help of an airplane. It has also been stated in the reports that frequently Osama had been amorphous with him. Even the police themselves got confused and captured the wrong one. After his death there was lots of time still required to recognize the originality of him.

Lying in court is an offense. Frequently the needy and poor people lie in court for the sake of a certain amount of money. But, this money would be a help to criminals outside the world. Even, we purchased CDs and DVDs at an economic rate. To save a certain amount of money, we help piracy. These pirates invest this money in the armonony and indirectly we are sponsoring a bullet in every war which would be used against us only. 

The origin of terrorism starts with a little things. The first pen stolen from a friend could even lead to mortal works. Everything has a start and if left unmanaged, they can leave the astray and lose the right path. In the school, if the adverse effects of being bad are explained properly with illustrations to some real life examples, the students may get aware about all the facts and take an initiative to stop the spread of crime. Instead of making criminals with heroic roles in the television serials, the more heroic movie super cops are to be made. Instead of writing biographies of terrorism supporters, write articles about terrorism demonization. The start of this cleaning starts from home, if you have a child, teach them the ways to be a great person in good habits rather than supporting him when he starts stealing something. Terrorism has an end, if we are united the terrorism can be thrown is out of the windows! 

Various Forms Of Terrorism

Political terrorism, which raises mass concern, and criminal terrorism, which involves abduction for ransom money, are the two sorts of terrorism. Political terrorism is significantly more essential than criminal terrorism since it is carried out by well-trained personnel. As a result, apprehending them in a timely way becomes increasingly challenging for law enforcement agencies.

Terrorism has spread across the country and around the world. Regional terrorism is the most dangerous type of terrorism. Terrorists feel that dying as a terrorist is a priceless and sacred experience, and they will go to any extent to attain it. Each of these terrorist groups was founded for a different motive.

Who can forget November 26th, often known as "26/11"? Ten terrorists infiltrated the country and assaulted India's economic centre. They nearly devastated the city and astonished the Indians by bringing explosives, pistols, automatic rifles, and other lethal weapons. People are defenceless, without weapons, and engrossed in their own realms of pleasure at the railway station, motels, and on the highways when an unanticipated menace enters their life.

The Origins of Terrorism

The invention or manufacture of vast quantities of machine guns, atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, nuclear weapons, missiles, and other weapons fuels terrorism. Rapid population expansion, political, social, and economic issues, public dissatisfaction with the country's system, a lack of education, corruption, racism, economic disparities, and language disparities are all key factors in the development of terrorism. Terrorism is sometimes used to establish and maintain one's stance. Despite the contrast between caste and terrorism, the most well-known riots have taken place between Hindus and Muslims.

Consequences of Terrorism

Individuals are filled with fear as a result of terrorism, and people of the country feel vulnerable as a result. Millions of goods have been destroyed, thousands of people have died, and animals have been slaughtered as a result of terrorist assaults. People lose trust in humanity after seeing a terrorist attack, which fosters more terrorists. Terrorism comes in many forms and manifests itself in different parts of the country and outside.

Terrorism is becoming a problem not just in India, but also in our neighbouring countries, and governments throughout the world are battling it. The World Trade Center attack on September 11, 2001, is considered the world's worst terrorist strike. Osama bin Laden launched an attack on the world's tallest tower, resulting in millions of injuries and thousands of deaths.

FAQs on Terrorism Essay

1. Who was Osama bin Laden?

Osama Bin Laden was the world's greatest terrorist! Hearing his name still makes people fearful. With the help of an aeroplane, he had destroyed the 'world-trade centre.' According to the rumours, Osama had been amorphous with him on several occasions. Even the cops got mixed up and arrested the wrong person. There was still a lot of time required after his death to acknowledge his uniqueness.

2. Identify the countries that are the most impacted by terrorism.

Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Syria were the countries most hit in 2014, with the highest number of terrorist incidents. This year has been dubbed "Terrorism Year." Furthermore, it has been reported that these five countries were the primary targets of 78 per cent of all attacks last year. Apart from them, there are 39 countries that endured the most attacks, and their index rating is based on the severity and frequency of attacks they experienced.

3. What is the true cause of terrorism?

Terrorism is defined as the use of violence for a specific purpose. This motivation could stem from a sense of social and political injustice, or just a belief that violence can bring about change. The main cause of terrorism is usually perceived unfairness or rage against specific societal conditions. Many people join terrorist groups out of desperation or to exact personal vengeance on powerful authorities. Terrorism is also a result of strong feelings of injustice. Millions of young people aspire to make a difference by utilising violence as a tool for social upheaval. As a result, in order to combat these extremists, we must provide them with alternatives to violence that can be useful to them.

4. What is the best way to combat terrorism?

The reduction of terrorism threats and the safeguarding of the state, its interests, and citizens against all types of terrorist activity are two of the State Security Service's top priorities in the battle against terrorism. It is critical to detect and suppress operations carried out by international terrorist groups and anyone linked to them. It is necessary to conduct an active search for persons linked to terrorist organisations. Enhancing the capacity of readiness and reaction to terrorist threats should receive special focus.

5. Give an overview of the history of terrorism.

The term "terrorist" was coined by François-Nol Babeuf, a French philosopher, in 1794. As a result of his denunciation of Robespierre's regime as a dictatorship, the Brunswick Manifesto threatened Paris with military punishment and complete devastation. This threat, however, only fueled the Revolution's determination to overthrow the monarchy. Tyranny, according to ancient philosophers, was the greatest political threat to Greco-Roman civilization prior to the French Revolution. Philosophers in the Middle Ages were also preoccupied with the concept of tyranny.

6. Explain the historical background of terrorism.

The word "terrorist" was first used in 1794 by François-Noël Babeuf who was a French philosopher. He denounced Robespierre's regime as a dictatorship therefore Brunswick Manifesto threatened Paris that the city would be subjected to military punishment and total destruction. But this threat only increased the Revolution's will to abolish the monarchy.

Prior to the French Revolution, ancient philosophers wrote tyranny as the greatest political threat to Greco-Roman civilization. Medieval philosophers were similarly occupied with the concept of tyranny.

7. How to fight against terrorism?

One of the main priorities of the State Security Service in fighting against terrorism is the reduction of the risks of terrorism and the protection of the state, its interests and citizens against all forms of terrorist activities. The detection and suppression of activities carried out by international terrorist organizations and persons related to them is important. Active search of individuals connected with terrorist organizations needs to be conducted. Considerable attention should be paid in enhancing the capabilities of readiness and responses to terrorist threats.

8. What is the real reason behind terrorism?

Terrorism is the use of violence for a certain cause. This cause may be due to the perceived social and political injustice or simply a belief that violence can lead  to change.

Usually perceived injustice or anger against a certain social conditions is the main cause  that foster terrorism. Many people join terrorist groups because of poverty or to take their personal revenge from the powerful authority. Strong feelings of injustice also results in terrorism. There are millions of young people who want to create change by using fight as the tools for social upheaval. So, in order to counter these extremists we need to give them alternatives to violence which can prove beneficial for them.

9. Name the countries which are most affected by terrorism.

Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan and Syria are the most affected countries which suffered the largest number of terrorist attacks in 2014. This year is called the year of terrorism.

Also it has been recorded that these five countries were the major victims of 78% of all attacks that happened last year. Apart from these countries there are 39 countries which saw the greatest number of attacks, and their index ranking is calculated against severity and frequency of attacks they experienced.

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• School Education /

Essay on Terrorism in 500+ Words in English for School Students

• Updated on  
• Mar 29, 2024

Essay on Terrorism: The horrific events of 9/11 at the World Trade Centre and the terrorist strikes on the Taj Hotel in Mumbai on June 26, 2011, come to mind when we discuss terrorism. Terrorism is an act of violence to achieve political or ideological gains. Terrorism is a threat to life. Killing innocent people in the name of religion or politics shows that it’s an act of a coward. The motive for terror activities is to create fear inside people. Terrorist activities include different types of violent activities, communal fighting, riots, kidnappings, rapes, robbery, assault, and the list is endless. Barrack Obama once said ‘No religion is responsible for terrorism. People are responsible for Terrorism and Violence.’

Table of Contents

• 1.1 Types of Terrorism
• 2 Consequences of Terrorism
• 3 How to Fight Terrorism?
• 4 Top 10 Quotes On Terrorism

Quick Read: Essay on Indian Army in 500+ Words

Factors That Contribute to Terrorism

Terrorism is not born overnight. Several factors are responsible for giving birth to terrorism. Political grievances and religious extremism are the two main factors causing terrorism. 

It happens quite often when a certain group or individuals feel marginalized, oppressed, or disenfranchised by their government or ruling authority. In situations like these, they try to resort to terrorism as a means of expressing their grievances and seeking change. Corrupt government, authoritarianism, lack of political representation, human rights abuses, and discrimination, are the major factors causing political grievances.

Religious extremists are also responsible for terrorism. These people brainwash younger people against other communities and wage religious war against them. Extremist ideologies distort religious teachings to promote hatred, intolerance, and the justification of violence against perceived enemies.

Apart from these two factors, socioeconomic situations and geopolitical rivalries can also provoke people against others; resulting in terrorist activities. Poors and the unemployed are the most vulnerable as terrorist or extremist organisations try to offer them financial incentives or a sense of purpose. 

Types of Terrorism

Terrorism is not just about holding an assault rifle and shooting at innocent people. Terrorism is of two types: Political Terrorism and Criminal Terrorism . Both these harm the credible image of a country or a region and affect in a nation’s daily political and economic activities.

Consequences of Terrorism

The consequences of terrorism are worse than a 7.7 magnitude earthquake or any other natural disaster. This man-made disaster not only kills innocent but creates fear, which is everlasting. 

Terrorist activities hamper the economic and political development of a country. In a state where terrorism exists, people are always in fear of death or any mishap. Thanks to terrorism countries like Pakistan, Syria, Afghanistan, etc. are not able to develop.

The consequences of terrorism are loss of life, physical injuries, psychological trauma, economic damage and social disruption. It can also lead to increased security measures, erosion of civil liberties, and heightened ethnic or religious tensions.

How to Fight Terrorism?

Anti-terrorism is a fight between justice and evil, civilisation and savagery. To fight terrorism, we need international cooperation and a multi-faceted approach. Addressing the root cause of terrorism can be the first step in fighting terrorism. When we understand the cause of a problem, we can come up with better and more comprehensive solutions.

Strengthening law enforcement capabilities can help in the prevention and investigation of terrorist activities. It can also improve intelligence gathering and analysis to disrupt terrorist networks. 

India, for a long, has been accusing some countries of state-sponsored terrorism. But, it was only after 9/11 that India received global cooperation. Today, global powers are determined to eradicate terrorism from its root. 

Building trust and cooperation between communities is very important. It can help law enforcement agencies to prevent radicalization and promote early intervention.

Quick Read: Essay on National Language

Top 10 Quotes On Terrorism

Here are 10 quotes on terrorism. 

‘Terrorism has no nationality or religion.’ – Vladimir Putin

‘Terrorism is the tactic of demanding the impossible, and demanding it at gunpoint.’ – Christopher Hitchens

‘The only way to deal with terrorism is to understand why it happens.’ – Arundhati Roy

‘Terrorism is the war of the poor, and war is the terrorism of the rich.’ – Peter Ustinov

‘Terrorism is the price of empire. If you do not wish to pay the price, you must give up the empire.’ – Pat Buchanan

‘One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.’ – Gerald Seymour

‘Terrorism is a psychological warfare. Terrorists try to manipulate us and change our behaviour by creating fear, uncertainty, and division in society.’ – Patrick J. Kennedy

‘The greatest threat to our way of life isn’t terrorism, it’s the response to terrorism.’ – Simon Jenkins

‘The object of terrorism is terrorism. The object of oppression is oppression. The object of torture is torture. The object of murder is murder. The object of power is power.’ – George Orwell

‘Terrorism is the war of today, and war is the terrorism of yesterday.’ – Howard Zinn

Quick Read: Essay on the Importance of English Language

Ans: Terrorism is an act of violence to achieve political or ideological gains. Terrorism is a threat to life. Killing innocent people in the name of religion or politics shows that it’s an act of a coward, a monster. The motive for terror activities is to create fear inside people. Terrorist activities include different types of violent activities, communal fighting, riots, kidnappings, rapes, robbery, assault, and the list is endless.

Ans: Political Grievances, religious extremism, ethnic or nationalist conflicts, socioeconomic factors and geopolitical relations are the primary causes of terrorism.

Ans: ‘No religion is responsible for terrorism. People are responsible for Terrorism and Violence.’ – Barrack Obama (Former US President)

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Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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Essay on Terrorism

India has a lengthy history of terrorism. It is a cowardly act by terrorist organisations that want to sabotage the nation's tranquillity. It seeks to instil fear among the population. They seek to maintain a permanent climate of dread among the populace to prevent the nation from prospering. Here are a few sample essays on Terrorism .

100 Words Essay on Terrorism

Terrorism is the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political and personal aims. It is a global phenomenon that has affected countries worldwide, causing harm to innocent civilians, damaging economies, and destabilizing governments. The causes of terrorism are complex and can include religious extremism, political oppression, and economic inequality.

Terrorist groups use a variety of tactics, including bombings, kidnappings, and hijackings, to achieve their goals. They often target symbols of government and military power, as well as civilians in crowded public spaces. The impact of terrorism on society is devastating, leading to loss of life, injury, and psychological trauma.

Combating terrorism requires a multifaceted approach, including intelligence gathering, law enforcement, and military action. Additionally, addressing underlying issues such as poverty and political marginalization is crucial in preventing the radicalization of individuals and the emergence of terrorist groups.

200 Words Essay on Terrorism

Terrorism is a complex and ever-evolving threat that affects countries and communities around the world. It involves the use of violence and intimidation to achieve political or ideological goals. The causes of terrorism can vary, but often include religious extremism, political oppression, and economic inequality.

To truly understand the impact of terrorism, it's important to consider not only the physical harm caused by terrorist attacks but also the emotional and psychological toll it takes on individuals and communities. The loss of life and injury caused to innocent civilians is devastating and can leave families and communities reeling for years to come. In addition, terrorism can cause physical damage to infrastructure and buildings, as well as economic disruption, leading to decreased tourism and investment.

To effectively combat terrorism, it's important to take a holistic approach that addresses not only the immediate threat of terrorist attacks but also the underlying issues that can lead to radicalization and the emergence of terrorist groups. This can include addressing poverty and economic inequality, promoting political and religious tolerance, and providing support and resources to individuals and communities at risk of radicalization.

It's also important to remember that the fight against terrorism is not just the responsibility of governments and law enforcement agencies, but also of individuals and communities. By promoting understanding and compassion, and by standing up against hate and extremism, we can all play a role in preventing terrorism and creating a more peaceful world.

500 Words Essay on Terrorism

According to a United Nations Security Council report from November 2004, terrorism is any act that is "intended to result in the death or serious bodily harm of civilians or non-combatants to intimidate the population or to compel the government or an international organisation to do or abstain from doing any act."

The Origins of Terrorism

The development or production of massive numbers of machine guns, atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, nuclear weapons, missiles, and other weapons fuels terrorism. Rapid population growth, political, social, and economic problems, widespread discontent with the political system, a lack of education, racism, economic inequality, and linguistic discrepancies are all important contributors to the emergence of terrorism. Sometimes one uses terrorism to take a position and stick with it.

The Effects Of Terrorism

People become afraid of terrorism and feel unsafe in their nation. Terrorist attacks result in the destruction of millions of items, the death of thousands of innocent people, and the slaughter of animals. After seeing a terrorist incident, people become less inclined to believe in humanity, which breeds more terrorists.

Different forms of terrorism can be found both domestically and overseas. Today, governments worldwide are working hard to combat terrorism, which is an issue in India and our neighbouring nations. The 9/11 World Trade Centre attack is considered the worst terrorist act ever. Osama bin Laden attacked the tallest building in the world’s most powerful country, causing millions of casualties and the death of thousands of people.

The major incidents of the terrorist attack in India are—

12 March 1993 - A series of 13 bombs go off, killing 257

14 March 2003 - A bomb goes off in a train in Mulund, killing 10

29 October 2005 Delhi bombings

2005 Ram Janmabhoomi attack in Ayodhya

2006 Varanasi bombings

11 July 2006 - A series of seven bombs go off in trains, killing

26 November 2008 to 29 November 2008 - A series of coordinated attacks killed at least 170.

According to this data, India has experienced an upsurge in terrorist activity since 1980. India has fought four wars against terrorism , losing more than 6000 persons in total. Already, we have lost around 70000 citizens. Furthermore, we lost over 9000 security staff. In this country, about 6 lakh individuals have undergone.

Agencies In India Fighting Terrorism

There are numerous organisations working to rid our nation of terrorism. These organizations operate continuously, from the municipal to the national levels. To stop local terrorist activity, police forces have various divisions.

The police departments have a specialized intelligence and anti-terrorism division that is in charge of eliminating Naxalites and other terrorist organizations. The military is in charge of bombing terrorist targets outside of our country. These departments engage in counterinsurgency and other similar operations to dismantle various terrorist organisations.

There are numerous organisations that work to prevent terrorism. Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) , National Investigation Agency (NIA) , and Research and Analysis Wing are a few of the top organizations (RAW) . These are some of the main organizations working to rid India of terrorism.

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Essay on Terrorism in India

Below we have provided long essay on Terrorism in India in English. This Terrorism in India Essay has been written in simple English language for you to make it easy to remember and presented. After going through this terrorism in India essay you will know when and how this problem originated, what steps did the governments took to counter it; who is the main source of terrorism; how the world community has united globally to fight terrorism etc. This essay will be useful to you in your school assignments and events wherein you need to write, give a speech or take part in a debate.

Long Essay on Terrorism in India in English

Introduction

Terrorist groups aim to create panic amid people. They intend to see people living in constant fear and for this purpose they carry out various big and small terrorist activities from time to time. There are around 100 terrorist cells operating in India and they have succeeded in creating an atmosphere of tension in the country. Numerous terrorist activities have been carried out by these terrorist groups. India has also been hit by terrorist acts done by its neighbouring countries mainly Pakistan.

Chief Terrorist Groups Operating in India

Here are some of the chief terrorist groups operating in India:

• Jaish–e-Muhammad: This is a Pakistan based terrorist group operating in Jammu and Kashmir. It aims to occupy Jammu and Kashmir and has instigated several terrorist attacks in the valley to further their aim.
• Lashkar-e-Taiba (Let): This is an Islamist militant group which is operating in Pakistan and even in India’s Jammu and Kashmir region. It is said to be funded by Pakistan and is responsible for carrying out many massive terrorist attacks in India.
• Maoist: This terrorist group was created by merger of Naxalite groups after talks between leftist militants and Indian government broke in the year 2004.
• United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA): This terrorist group is responsible for carrying out various terrorist activities in the Indian state of Assam.

The irony is that even though these terrorist groups take onus of the bomb blasts and other terrorist activities carried out by them, most of the times the government is not able to reach them and take the required action against them.

Causes of Terrorism in India

There are a number of causes of the wide spread terrorism in India. There are mainly four types of terrorism in India. This includes Religious Terrorism, Narco Terrorism, Left Wing Terrorism and Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism. While terrorists belonging to different terrorist cells may have come together for different causes, the main aim of all the terrorist cells running under them are same and that is to ensure widespread fear and panic among the general public.

Here are the main causes of terrorism in India:

India is a land of diverse religions. While people belonging to different religions largely live with peace and harmony in the country there are many religious extremists that aim to create a rift between them. These groups boast about the teachings of their religion and try to prove that it is superior to the others. Several violent movements carried out by these groups in the past have disrupted the peace and harmony of the country. Numerous people have been injured and several others have been killed in such outbreaks.

• Ethno-Nationalism

This type of terrorism is provoked by the extremist groups. It occurs when major part of the population of a state expresses the desire to break away and form their own separate state/ country. The Khalistan Movement in Punjab is one of the examples of this type of terrorism. The beautiful Indian state of Kashmir is also suffering because of this type of terrorism as certain Kashmiri Islamic groups want Kashmir to become a part of Pakistan. Similarly, Nagaland, Tripura, Assam and Tamil Nadu have also suffered due to this type of terrorism.

• Political Scenario

Dissatisfied with the political system of the country, certain terrorist groups are formed to threaten the government. Left wing extremists in India, known as Naxalites, have been invoked because of this. The Naxalites are highly disappointed with the political system in the country. They have carried out several terrorist attacks in the past and aim to overthrow the government with an armed revolution. They intend to bring their own kind of government.

• Socio-Economic Disparity

India is known for its socio-economic disparity. The rich in the country are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer day by day. This creates a sense of disparity among the poor class who join terrorist cells to destroy the upper class people. They mostly carry out terrorist attacks in posh localities and target celebrities and people in power.

Effects of Terrorism in India

  Terrorism has caused a widespread impact on the country. Here is a look at the effects of terrorism in India:

•   Panic among People

Terrorism in India has created panic among the general public. Every now and then there is a blast, firing or some other sort of terrorist activity in the country. Due to this, several people die untimely and many others are left handicapped for the rest of their lives. Each of these attacks causes an atmosphere of stress and anxiety among the general public. People fear to go out of their houses days after such attacks.

• Effect on Tourism Industry

People fear visiting the places that are prone to terrorist attacks. The tourism industry in India has suffered a great deal owing to the terrorist activities carried out by different terrorist groups within the country as well as those outside that threaten the peace of the country. The tourism industry particularly sees a deep for several months after the terrorist attacks.

• Foreign Investment

Foreign investors think twice before investing in India and other nations prone to terrorism. This is because the risk involved is quite high. They look for safer alternatives. Indian businesses have suffered a great deal owing to this.

• Damaged Economy

Terrorism has had an adverse effect on India’s economy. Many Indian cities have been hit by major terrorist attacks that have led to a loss of property and businesses. The resurrection cost involved is quite high in such cases. The country’s wealth that can be used in productive tasks is invested in replenishing the loss caused by terrorist attacks. Besides, the dip in the tourism industry, the reluctance of foreign investors to invest in India and the rise in the rates of international trade that are all a result of terrorism in India, have had a major negative impact on the country’s economy.

• Brain Drain

Many talented youths in India do not want to live in the country anymore owing to the low quality of life and uncertainties caused by terrorism. They relocate to developed nations such as the United States, Canada and United Kingdom that are less prone to terrorist attacks and financially strong. Thus, the terrorist activities have also resulted in brain drain.

Global Terrorism

Terrorism is not just limited to India but is a global problem. The reasons for the formation of terrorist groups in different countries remain more or less the same as that in India. The reasons mainly include socio-economic disparity, discrimination/ alienation, dissatisfaction with the functioning of the ruling party, religious extremism and ethno nationalism.

Almost every country in this world is suffering from one or the other problems mentioned above and this has led to the formation of various terrorist cells within these countries. These terrorist cells carry out terrorist attacks within the country from time to time to create an atmosphere of fear among the general public. Rivalry among different countries gives rise to transnational terrorism. This rivalry or feeling of hatred may be caused due to difference in religious sentiments, economic disparity, lack of aid provided to developing nations and more. Attacks on India by Pakistan and Pakistan’s attack on various other nations are a clear example of transnational terrorism.

Countries such as Pakistan, Syria, India, Russia, Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Nigeria, Israel, Philippines, Colombia, Somalia, Thailand, Turkey, Yemen and Nepal have been hit by numerous terrorist attacks in the past two decades. They have suffered from both domestic as well as transnational attacks. The 9/11 incident that happened in the United States has been one of the most heinous and major terrorist attacks on a first world country.

Terrorist Attacks in India

India has seen several terrorist attacks that have created major fear among the public and have caused mass destruction. Here are some of the major terrorist attacks that hit India in the last few years:

• 1991 Punjab Killings
• 1993 Bombay Bomb Blasts
• 1993 RSS Bombing in Chennai
• 2000 Church Bombing
• 2000 Red Fort Terrorist Attack
• 2001 Indian Parliament Attack
• 2002 Mumbai Bus Bombing
• 2002 Attack on Akshardham Temple
• 2003 Mumbai Bombing
• 2004 Dhemaji School Bombing in Assam
• 2005 Delhi Bombings
• 2005 Indian Institute of Science Shooting
• 2006 Varanasi Bombings
• 2006 Mumbai Train Bombings
• 2006 Malegaon Bombings
• 2007 Samjhauta Express Bombings
• 2007 Mecca Masjid Bombing
• 2007 Hyderabad Bombing
• 2007 Ajmer Dargah Bombing
• 2008 Jaipur Bombings
• 2008 Bangalore Serial Blasts
• 2008 Ahmedabad Bombings
• 2008 Delhi Bombings
• 2008 Mumbai Attacks
• 2010 Pune Bombing
• 2010 Varanasi Bombing
• 2011 Mumbai Bombing
• 2011 Delhi Bombing
• 2012 Pune Bombing
• 2013 Hyderabad Blasts
• 2013 Srinagar Attack
• 2013 Bodh Gaya Bombings
• 2013 Patna Bombings
• 2014 Chhattisgarh Attack
• 2014 Jharkhand Blast
• 2014 Chennai Train Bombing
• 2014 Assam Violence
• 2014 Church Street Bomb Blast, Bangalore
• 2015 Jammu Attack
• 2015 Gurdaspur Attack
• 2015 Pathankot Attack
• 2016 Uri Attack
• 2016 Baramulla Attack
• 2017 Bhopal Ujjain Passenger Train Bombing
• 2017 Amarnath Yatra Attack
• 2018 Sukma Attack

Agencies Fighting Terrorism in India

Many police, intelligence and military organizations in India have formed special agencies to fight terrorism in the country.

• Anti Terrorism Squad (ATS)

Anti Terrorism Squad (ATS) operates in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan. It is a special police force that has stopped many terrorist attacks in India. It has adopted various special tactics to bar terrorism.

• Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)

Established in the year 1968, RAW is the foreign intelligence agency of India. It is involved in neutralising terror elements that are a threat to the country, promoting counter proliferation and guarding India’s nuclear programme.

• National Investigation Agency (NIA)

This agency has been set up by the Government of India to fight terrorism in the country. It came into being after the unfortunate 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. It has been given the right to take action against terrorist groups/ activities occurring in any Indian state without seeking any special permission from the states.

India has adversely been affected by terrorism. It is sad to see thousands of innocent lives gone because of terrorist attacks. Despite the formation of anti-terrorist agencies and their high end strategies, the terrorist groups still succeed in carrying out terrorist activities.

The Indian government’s response to terrorist attacks has never been as stern as it should be. It lacks proper strategic response to the terrorist activities and this encourages the terrorist cells to carry out such activities fearlessly.

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56. Essay Writing Format, structure and Examples. ‘TRANSITION OF TERRORISM IN INDIA’

TRANSITION OF TERRORISM IN INDIA

Terrorism in India is undergoing an acute transition, both in the operational and ideological aspects. Terrorism in India has been acquiring a new degree of lethality characterized by meticulous planning intelligence collection sophisticated training and exploiting local population for creating support networks. Most importantly, it is expanding beyond the ‘cycle of anonymous’ remotely detonated blasts towards exploiting sea and air channels (latest source inputs are indicative of these developments) and fiyadeen attacks (suicide assaults by well armed and trained terror cells), a trend that was till now not witnessed in India outside of Kashmir.

 In this, the forces of polity, social dynamics, and international support networks continue to play a major role. The transition process, however, has been increasingly driven by the adoption of modern technology, better communication and information networks, and the unique phenomena of the globalization of terror. As a result, the terrorists in India are improving their technological sophistication in many areas of operational planning, communications, targeting, and propaganda.

 The motives of the terrorists now incorporate hurting the business sentiments and the international image of India rather than terror attacks as symbolic acts of Islamic Jihad. The objective is increasingly to cause pan-India terror, one impact of which is to damage the confidence in India’s image of a stable emerging economy and business environment.

The ‘new breed’ of terrorism in India is confident, bold in actions and increasingly sophisticated. The bellwether currents that define the new breed of terrorism are:

(a)Enhanced Operational Capabilities and Support Networks: For the first time ever the (Islamic) terrorism has a pan-India network of operatives and logistics support. This has radically evolved over the past 18-24 months and enabled the successful execution of large scale attacks in multiple cities. This is further indicative of the fact that there are several front line terror operations supported by an under-king network of communication infrastructure, and coven support machinery all functioning like a single well-coordinated entity. Before the ‘defining’ the year 2008 terror attacks mostly included only sporadic blasts in the target cities.

The frequency of major terror attacks was also comparatively moderate – four terror attacks in 2007, three in 2006, and one attack in 2005. But 2008 was different -there were at least 12 highly synchronised mass terror attacks since the beginning of the year. The size and scale of organizational resources needed to carry out terror attacks that happened in Indian cities between May and November 2008 indicate the requirement for at least 80 to 120 terrorist operatives, not including sleeper cells and those involved in logistic support. This is a very large number.

 (b) Homegrown Terror: The ideological underpinning of the movement is undergoing a change. as reflected by the operatives increasingly becoming indigenous and having a local urban face. Increasingly, indigenous organizations such as SIMI have been created on the lines of the Deobandi ideology of extreme fundamentalism. Moreover, the Muslim diaspora of Indian origin has been largely influenced by the Gujarat riots and has increased the funding for extremist activities.

 Another domino effect is the surfacing of Indian-origin tech-savvy terrorists working in prominent IT companies (indicative of the diluting definition of Infiltrators.). A case in point is the arrest of Yala Kammakutty, a graduate of the Regional Engineering College. Calicut, and a former employee of Tata Infotech and GE. The vast illegal immigrant population of Bangladeshis (spread all across India) has emerged as a readily available target group for creating logistical support networks for terror organisations.

 In fact, the Islamic militant organisations, to avoid unnecessary suspicion and glitches. prefer Muslim youths from all Indian states, except those from Jammu and Kashmir. For similar reasons, the Bangladeshi emigrants are used only for support and logistics. There is this uncomfortable development that international jihad is finding its place in the weak pockets of India’s huge minority Muslim community that leaves an ambiguous evidence chain.

(c) Trans-border Linkages: One of the key definers of the present trend in terrorism is the re-routing of terror activities to Bangladesh, shifting the focus from Pakistan. The 3001 Indian Parliament attack orchestrated certain events which forced the terror groups to rethink about changing their base of operations. There is increasing evidence of how Bangladeshi immigrants are. willingly or becoming the means of providing logistical support to the terror outfits across India. Notably, Hui, also operates from Bangladesh and its involvement in providing logistical support to the master terror groups (from Pakistan) has been brought into light in the recent attacks.

(d) Use of Newer Forms of Explosives: Shilling away from the foreign-origin RDX to typical homebrew of explosives comprising a mix of ammonium nitrate, potassium chlorate and sulphtiricacid, further indicates the terrorists enhanced operational capabilities.

(e) Excessive Nature of Attacks: India is ranked second, right behind Iraq in the number of terrorist activities (excluding Jammu and Kashmir) despite the fact that we are not a country in conflict, the dozens of bombs exploding in the same target city in a span of a few hours spells out a deadly scale of planning, capabilities, operational confidence and sinister motives. The high degree of planning and existence of large all-India terror network is exuded by the very fact that the terror outfits did not feel the need to even give a day’s break between the large scale serial blasts in two Indian cities (Bangalore and Ahmadabad).

(f) Destruction of India’s Global Image: For the first time as seen in the November Mumbai attacks, 13 ritons and Americans who were staying in the tony city hotels were singled out and Jews were also targeted at Nariman point. All the terror targets have been cities with economic or social importance that places India in a favourable spot on the global map – Jaipur (the tourist capital of India). Bangalore (India’s Silicon Valley), Ahmadabad (the third fastest growing Indian city), Surat (attempted extensive serial blasts in the diamond hub of India), Mumbai (the financial and the international face of India).

The terror groups have realised that large-scale attacks in critical business hubs of India help them realise their objectives much faster than sustaining an insurgency in the border states of the country.

 (g) Copy Cat Attacks: The changed pattern of attacks indicate that, like elsewhere, western interests are now a high-visibility terror target in India too, and that terrorists have successfully employed new tactics such as hostage-taking and random shootings at high profile places (the Mumbai attacks).

This can further trigger a wave of copycat terror incidents with a change in the tactics and targets of while suicide bombings and vehicle-borne explosive attacks are as yet not a mode of attack; we are likely to see more fidayeen attacks on high profile targets.

 For years various measures have been put forward in response to terrorism. Some are of the opinion of legal punished, some suggested that intelligence should he modernized and more co-operation is needed among them to avoid any terrorist activity. Some security analyst blames the Government of India for engaging in a peace process with Pakistan whose military regimes has clearly not lived up to its promises of preventing terrorist organizations from operating from its territory. These critics also find fault with the repeal of POTA, claiming the police has been demoralized. Some also sought to communalize the debate by linking the “soft on Terror” charge to “vote bank politics” some equally problematic, the argument revolves around the need to solve the so-called “root cause” of terrorism. PM emphasized. “Do not be provoked by rumours. Do not let anyone divide us. Our strength lies in our unity.”

 UN is concerned with international terrorism. It has defined 103 types of the act which come under the ambit of terrorism. Further. UN has suggested 5D to tackle the problem- to dissuade people from resorting to terrorism by proper education, by the proper briefing, to deny them resources financially, technology, protection, moral support. to deter the state who are encouraging terrorism must be deterred by other I state . to develop the capacity to prevent the occurrence, defend HRs.

 Response to terrorism ought to be based on a holistic and inter-related understanding of human security, nights and developments. The domestic and international legal framework being put in place as a response to terrorism is describable use of force should not be the sole response as is believed in the “War on I error”

Above all, civil society is a victim of terrorism. But nowhere any measures regarding civil society are being put forward. There are inequalities frustration unemployment in India civil society. Youth has no direction in their life. Youth is raw, material for recruitment, Today, Terrorism is a giant fish which comes from the depth of society and vanishes. It is a problem of world society. Role of civil society is equally important as far as national policy. There is a tendency in society to look to the state for all problems. But it should be remembered that whatever role civil society can play to avoid any such type of activity, couldn’t be done by any enforcement of the law. Civil society has to play the role of vigilance.

 Terrorism as a world phenomenon emerged in the late 20th century and is going to be a major problem in the 21st century. The fact that young people in different parts of the world who are assets of their county are ready to die for a cause; however illegitimate it may show there is something fundamentally wrong.

Under these circumstances, there is a more urgent need for the international community to help in building civil societies based on principles of democracy, good governance, human rights, and development so that they could not serve as recruiting grounds for Terrorist.

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New Delhi, May 17 (PTI) Asia is witnessing new tensions in land and sea as agreements were dishonoured and rule of law disregarded while terrorism has started to consume those who have long practised it, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar said on Friday, amid China’s military continuing posturing along the frontier in eastern Ladakh and Pakistan’s support to cross-border terrorist activities.

In an address at an event hosted by the CII, Jaishankar also talked about the power of currency and how “threat of sanctions” are deployed in the “toolbox” of global diplomacy, in remarks that came days after the US warned of punitive measures after India and Iran sealed a deal on the Chabahar port.

Jaishankar extensively delved into the consequences of the Ukraine conflict, escalation of violence in West Asia and disruption of logistics in view of the geopolitical tensions, sanctions, incidents of drone attacks in the Red Sea and climate events.

“The world is experiencing a 3F crisis of fuel, food and fertilisers. In Asia, new tensions have emerged in land and sea as agreements are dishonoured and rule of law disregarded,” he said at the annual general meeting of the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII).

“Terrorism and extremism have started to consume those who have long practised it. In many ways, we are actually going through the perfect storm,” he said.

“For India, the task is to mitigate its impact on itself and contribute to stabilising the world to the extent possible. It is this judicious combination of ‘Bharat First’ and ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ that defines our image as ‘Vishwa Bandhu’,” he said.

In remarks seen as a reference to China, Jaishankar also flagged concerned over “weaponisation” of economic activity and how access to raw materials or even stability of tourism are being utilised to exert political pressure.

“A different dimension of the concerns that we harbour is one emanating from a combination of excessive market shares, financial domination and technology tracking,” he said.

“Between them, they have actually allowed for the weaponisation of virtually any form of economic activity. We have seen how both exports and imports, access to raw materials or even stability of tourism has been utilized to exert political pressure,” he said.

“At the same time, the power of currency and the threat of sanctions have been deployed in the toolbox of international diplomacy,” he said.

The external affairs minister highlighted challenges of uncertain logistics and supply chains.

“Quite apart from these conscious efforts, there have been collateral consequences of hard currency shortages and uncertain logistics. All these are driving countries to re-look at the working of globalization and devise their own solutions,” he said.

“This includes exploring new partners, it includes creating shorter supply chains, building inventories and even devising new payment arrangements. Each of these has some consequence for us,” he added.

The external affairs minister said the government is focusing on economic growth and stronger manufacturing besides making efforts to accelerate the flow of requisite capital, technology and best practices.

“Our export promotion efforts, already yielding results, will intensify across the world. The use of credit lines and grants to familiarize the world with our products and capabilities will also deepen,” he said.

Jaishankar said there is the larger branding endeavour of the attractions of today’s India that will make a case to the world of the benefits of partnership.

The current times call for something more than business as usual because trust and reliability have become so important, he said.

“We must recognize that our economic priorities will have to align with our strategic interests, whether we are speaking of market access, investments, technologies, or even education and tourism. This will be even more so as ‘Make in India’ gathers more steam in domains like defence, semiconductors and digital,” he said.

“An economy with India’s prospects also has to look at accessing global resources more seriously if we are to fuel our growth,” Jaishankar said.

“For long, we have looked at Russia from a political or security perspective. As that country turns eastwards, fresh economic opportunities are presenting themselves,” he said.

Jaishankar said the world is today “paradoxically rebuilding” itself even as it is being disrupted.

“As new production and consumption centres emerged in the last few decades, there is an accompanying compulsion to create commensurate logistical corridors,” he said. PTI MPB ZMN

This report is auto-generated from PTI news service. ThePrint holds no responsibility for its content.

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Go to the website and choose the option you need to get the ideal job, and in the future, the best mark and teacher's admiration.

Rebecca Geach

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Terrorism in India Essay

తీవ్రవాద గ్రూపుల ప్రధాన లక్ష్యం ప్రజలలో భయాందోళనలు సృష్టించడం మరియు వారు నిరంతరం ఈ భయం మరియు భయంతో ప్రజలను చూడటానికి ఇష్టపడతారు మరియు ఈ ప్రయోజనం నెరవేర్చడానికి వారు ఎప్పటికప్పుడు వివిధ చిన్న మరియు పెద్ద ఉగ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాలను చేస్తారు. భారతదేశంలో 100కి పైగా ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థలు పనిచేస్తున్నాయి మరియు దేశంలో ఉద్రిక్తత మరియు భయాందోళనల వాతావరణాన్ని సృష్టించడంలో కూడా వారు విజయం సాధించారు. ఈ ఉగ్రవాద గ్రూపులు అనేక ఉగ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాలకు పాల్పడ్డాయి. పొరుగు దేశం ప్రధానంగా పాకిస్థాన్ చేసిన ఉగ్రవాద చర్యలతో భారతదేశం చాలా నష్టపోయింది.

భారతదేశంలో తీవ్రవాదంపై సుదీర్ఘ వ్యాసం తెలుగులో

భారతదేశంలో పనిచేస్తున్న ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థలు

భారతదేశంలో పనిచేస్తున్న కొన్ని ప్రధాన ఉగ్రవాద గ్రూపులు ఇక్కడ ఉన్నాయి:

• జైష్-ఎ-మహ్మద్: ఇది జమ్మూ మరియు కాశ్మీర్‌లో పనిచేస్తున్న పాకిస్తానీ ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థ, దీని లక్ష్యం జమ్మూ మరియు కాశ్మీర్‌ను స్వాధీనం చేసుకోవడం. ఈ బృందం లోయపై తన లక్ష్యాన్ని చేరుకోవడానికి అనేక తీవ్రవాద దాడులను కూడా చేసింది.
• లష్కరే తోయిబా: ఇది పాక్ ఆక్రమిత కాశ్మీర్‌తో పాటు భారతదేశంలోని జమ్మూ మరియు కాశ్మీర్ ప్రాంతాలలో పనిచేస్తున్న ఇస్లామిజం టెర్రరిస్టు గ్రూప్. ఇది పాకిస్తాన్ నుండి నిధులు సమకూరుస్తుంది మరియు భారతదేశంలో జరిగిన అనేక పెద్ద ఉగ్రవాద దాడులకు బాధ్యత వహిస్తుంది.
• మావోయిస్టులు: 2004లో వామపక్ష తీవ్రవాదులు మరియు భారత ప్రభుత్వానికి మధ్య జరిగిన చర్చల తర్వాత, నక్సలైట్ గ్రూపుల విలీనంతో ఈ ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థ ఏర్పడింది.
• యునైటెడ్ లిబరేషన్ ఫ్రంట్ ఆఫ్ అస్సాం (ఉల్ఫా): భారతదేశంలోని అస్సాం రాష్ట్రంలో వివిధ ఉగ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాలకు ఈ ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థ బాధ్యత వహిస్తుంది.

కానీ విడ్డూరమేమిటంటే, ఈ ఉగ్రవాద గ్రూపులు బాంబు పేలుళ్లు, ఉగ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాలు సాగిస్తున్నప్పటికీ, చాలాసార్లు ప్రభుత్వం వారిని చేరదీయడంలో మరియు వారిపై కఠిన చర్యలు తీసుకోవడంలో విఫలమైంది.

భారతదేశంలో ఉగ్రవాదానికి కారణం

భారతదేశంలో తీవ్రవాదం విస్తృతంగా వ్యాపించడానికి అనేక కారణాలున్నాయి. భారతదేశంలో ప్రధానంగా నాలుగు రకాల ఉగ్రవాదాలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇందులో మత ఉగ్రవాదం, నార్కో టెర్రరిజం, వామపక్ష ఉగ్రవాదం మరియు జాతి-జాతీయవాద ఉగ్రవాదం ఉన్నాయి. వివిధ తీవ్రవాద సంస్థలతో సంబంధం ఉన్న ఉగ్రవాదులు వివిధ కారణాల వల్ల ఏకం కావచ్చు, కానీ వారి ఆధ్వర్యంలో నడుస్తున్న అన్ని ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థల ప్రధాన లక్ష్యం ఒకటే మరియు సాధారణ ప్రజలలో పెద్ద ఎత్తున భయం మరియు భయాందోళనలు సృష్టించడానికి ఎల్లప్పుడూ సిద్ధంగా ఉంటాయి.

భారతదేశంలో ఉగ్రవాదానికి కొన్ని ప్రధాన కారణాలు ఇక్కడ ఉన్నాయి:

భారతదేశం భిన్న మతాల భూమి. దేశంలో వివిధ మతాల ప్రజలు శాంతి, సామరస్యంతో జీవిస్తున్నప్పటికీ, వారి మధ్య చీలిక సృష్టించాలని కోరుకునే అనేక మత తీవ్రవాద సంస్థలు కూడా ఉన్నాయి. ఈ సమూహాలు తమ మతం యొక్క బోధనల గురించి తప్పుడు వాదనలు చేస్తాయి మరియు తమ మతం ఇతరుల మతం కంటే గొప్పదని నిరూపించడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తారు. గతంలో ఈ గ్రూపులు సాగించిన అనేక హింసాత్మక ఉద్యమాలు దేశ శాంతి మరియు సామరస్యానికి భంగం కలిగించాయి మరియు ఈ వ్యాప్తి కారణంగా చాలా మంది ప్రజలు నష్టపోయారు, ఇందులో చాలా మంది ప్రాణాలు కూడా కోల్పోయారు.

జాతి-జాతీయవాది

ఈ రకమైన ఉగ్రవాదం ఎల్లప్పుడూ తీవ్రవాద గ్రూపులచే ప్రేరేపించబడుతుంది. ఒక రాష్ట్ర జనాభాలో ఎక్కువ భాగం తమను తాము విడిపోయి తన స్వంత రాష్ట్రం/దేశాన్ని ఏర్పరచుకోవాలనే కోరికను వ్యక్తం చేసినప్పుడు, అది ఉగ్రవాదాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తుంది. పంజాబ్‌లోని ఖలిస్తాన్ ఉద్యమం ఈ రకమైన ఉగ్రవాదానికి ఉదాహరణ. కొన్ని కాశ్మీరీ ఇస్లామిక్ గ్రూపులు కాశ్మీర్‌ను పాకిస్తాన్‌లో భాగం చేయాలని కోరుకుంటున్నందున కాశ్మీర్ వంటి అందమైన భారత రాష్ట్రం కూడా ఈ రకమైన ఉగ్రవాదం కారణంగా నష్టపోతోంది. అలాగే నాగాలాండ్, త్రిపుర, అస్సాం, తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్రాలు కూడా ఈ తరహా ఉగ్రవాదానికి గురవుతున్నాయి.

రాజకీయ దృశ్యం

దేశంలోని ప్రభుత్వం మరియు రాజకీయ వ్యవస్థపై అసంతృప్తితో ఉన్న ప్రజలు తీవ్రవాద గ్రూపులుగా ఏర్పడతారు. భారతదేశంలో వామపక్ష తీవ్రవాదులను నక్సలిజం అంటారు. గతంలో కూడా నక్సలైట్లు దేశ రాజకీయ వ్యవస్థపై విసుగు చెంది అనేక ఉగ్రవాద దాడులకు పాల్పడ్డారు. వారు సాయుధ తిరుగుబాటుతో ప్రభుత్వాన్ని పడగొట్టాలని లక్ష్యంగా పెట్టుకున్నారు, తద్వారా అది తన స్వంత శక్తిని నిర్మించుకోవచ్చు.

సామాజిక-ఆర్థిక అసమానత

భారతదేశం సామాజిక-ఆర్థిక అసమానతలకు ప్రసిద్ధి చెందింది. ధనవంతులు మరింత ధనవంతులుగా మరియు పేదలు మరియు పేదలు ఎక్కడ ఉన్నారు. ఇది పేద వర్గాల్లో అసమానతా భావాన్ని సృష్టిస్తుంది. దీని కారణంగా వారు ఉన్నత తరగతి ప్రజలను నాశనం చేయడానికి తీవ్రవాద సంస్థల్లో చేరారు. వారు ఎక్కువగా అధికార ప్రజలను మరియు ఉన్నత తరగతి ప్రాంతాలను లక్ష్యంగా చేసుకుని తీవ్రవాద దాడులకు పాల్పడతారు.

భారతదేశంలో తీవ్రవాద ప్రభావం

ఉగ్రవాదం దేశంపై పెను ప్రభావం చూపింది. భారతదేశంలో తీవ్రవాదం యొక్క ప్రభావాలను పరిశీలించండి:

ప్రజల్లో భయాందోళనలు

భారత్‌లో తీవ్రవాదం సామాన్య ప్రజలను భయాందోళనకు గురి చేసింది. దేశంలో ప్రతిసారీ పేలుడు, కాల్పులు లేదా ఇతర రకాల ఉగ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాలు జరుగుతున్నాయి. దీని వల్ల చాలా మంది అకాల మరణాలు, మరికొంత మంది వికలాంగులుగా జీవితాంతం గడపాల్సి వస్తోంది. ఈ దాడుల కారణంగా సామాన్య ప్రజల్లో టెన్షన్, ఆందోళన, భయాందోళనల వాతావరణం నెలకొని ప్రజలు ఇళ్ల నుంచి బయటకు రావడానికి కూడా భయపడుతున్నారు.

పర్యాటక పరిశ్రమపై ప్రభావం

ఉగ్రదాడులు జరిగే ప్రాంతాలకు వెళ్లాలంటేనే ప్రజలు భయపడుతున్నారు. బాహ్య మరియు అంతర్గత ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థల ఉగ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాల కారణంగా, భారతదేశ పర్యాటక పరిశ్రమ మరియు శాంతి వ్యవస్థ తీవ్రంగా ప్రభావితమయ్యాయి. తీవ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాల కారణంగా, పర్యాటక రంగం కొన్ని నెలలుగా నిలిచిపోయింది.

విదేశీ పెట్టుబడి

విదేశీ పెట్టుబడిదారులు భారతదేశం మరియు ఇతర తీవ్రవాద పీడిత దేశాలలో పెట్టుబడులు పెట్టడానికి ముందు చాలాసార్లు ఆలోచిస్తారు, అటువంటి ప్రదేశాలలో నష్టాలు ఎక్కువగా ఉంటాయి మరియు వారు సురక్షితమైన ప్రత్యామ్నాయాల కోసం చూస్తున్నారు. దీని వల్ల భారతీయ వ్యాపారులు కూడా ఆర్థికంగా నష్టపోవాల్సి వస్తుంది.

ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థలో సంక్షోభం

ఉగ్రవాదం భారత ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థపై ప్రతికూల ప్రభావం చూపుతోంది. అనేక భారతీయ ప్రధాన నగరాలు తీవ్రవాద దాడులతో ప్రభావితమయ్యాయి, ఆస్తి మరియు వ్యాపారాలకు నష్టం వాటిల్లుతోంది, అయితే అటువంటి సందర్భాలలో పునరుజ్జీవన వ్యయం ఎక్కువగా ఉంటుంది. ఉత్పాదక ప్రయోజనాల కోసం ఉపయోగించగల దేశం యొక్క ఆస్తులను ఉగ్రవాద దాడుల వల్ల కలిగే నష్టాలను పూడ్చడానికి పెట్టుబడి పెడతారు. దీనికి తోడు పర్యాటక రంగం క్షీణించడం, భారతదేశంలో పెట్టుబడులు పెట్టడానికి విదేశీ పెట్టుబడిదారులు లేకపోవడం మరియు భారతదేశంలో ఉగ్రవాదం ఫలితంగా అంతర్జాతీయ వాణిజ్యం రేట్లు పెరగడం వంటివి దేశ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థపై పెను ప్రతికూల ప్రభావం చూపుతున్నాయి.

బ్రెయిన్ డ్రెయిన్

భారతదేశంలోని చాలా మంది ప్రతిభావంతులైన యువత దేశం యొక్క నాణ్యత తక్కువగా ఉండటం మరియు ఉగ్రవాద దాడుల అనిశ్చితి కారణంగా దేశంలో ఉండటానికి ఇష్టపడరు. తీవ్రవాద దాడుల ప్రభావం తక్కువగా ఉన్న మరియు ఆర్థికంగా బలంగా ఉన్న యునైటెడ్ నేషన్స్, కెనడా మరియు యునైటెడ్ కింగ్‌డమ్ వంటి అభివృద్ధి చెందిన దేశాలకు వారు వలసపోతారు. ఈ కారణంగా, తీవ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాల కారణంగా మెదడు ప్రవాహాలు పెరిగాయి.

ప్రపంచ తీవ్రవాదం

ఉగ్రవాదం ఒక్క భారత్‌కే పరిమితం కాకుండా యావత్ ప్రపంచానికి సమస్యగా మారింది. వివిధ దేశాల్లోనూ, భారతదేశంలోనూ తీవ్రవాద గ్రూపులు ఏర్పడడానికి కారణాలు వేరువేరుగా ఉండవచ్చు. అయితే ఈ కారణాలలో ప్రధానంగా సామాజిక-ఆర్థిక అసమానత, వివక్ష/విభజన, పాలక పక్షం పనితీరుపై అసంతృప్తి, మత తీవ్రవాదం మరియు జాతి జాతీయవాదం ఉన్నాయి.

ఈ ప్రపంచంలోని దాదాపు ప్రతి దేశం పైన పేర్కొన్న సమస్యలలో ఒకటి లేదా మరొకటితో బాధపడుతోంది మరియు దీని కారణంగా ఈ దేశాలలో వివిధ ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థలు ఏర్పడ్డాయి. ఈ ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థలు ఎప్పటికప్పుడు దేశంలోనే తీవ్రవాద దాడులకు పాల్పడి సామాన్య ప్రజల్లో భయాందోళన వాతావరణాన్ని సృష్టించడంతోపాటు వివిధ దేశాల మధ్య పోటీ అంతర్జాతీయంగా తీవ్రవాదానికి దారి తీస్తుంది. దీని కారణంగా మతపరమైన మతోన్మాదం, ఆర్థిక అసమానతలు, అభివృద్ధి చెందుతున్న దేశాలకు అందించే సహాయంలో తేడాలు పోటీ లేదా ద్వేష భావాన్ని అభివృద్ధి చేస్తాయి. భారత్‌తో పాటు వివిధ దేశాలపై పాకిస్థాన్ చేస్తున్న దాడులు అంతర్జాతీయ ఉగ్రవాదానికి స్పష్టమైన ఉదాహరణ.

పాకిస్తాన్, సిరియా, భారతదేశం, రష్యా, ఈజిప్ట్, ఇరాక్, లిబియా, నైజీరియా, ఇజ్రాయెల్, ఫిలిప్పీన్స్, కొలంబియా, సోమాలియా, థాయ్‌లాండ్, టర్కీ, యెమెన్ మరియు నేపాల్ వంటి దేశాలు గత రెండు దశాబ్దాలలో అనేక ఉగ్రవాద దాడులకు గురయ్యాయి మరియు అవి రెండూ దేశీయ మరియు అంతర్జాతీయ దాడులు. యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్ ఆఫ్ అమెరికాలో జరిగిన 9/11 సంఘటన ప్రపంచంలోని అత్యంత హేయమైన మరియు అతిపెద్ద ఉగ్రవాద దాడులలో ఒకటి.

భారతదేశంలో ఉగ్రవాద దాడి

భారతదేశం అనేక తీవ్రవాద దాడులను చూసింది, ఇది ప్రజలలో భయం మరియు భయాందోళనలను సృష్టించింది మరియు భారీ విధ్వంసం సృష్టించింది. కొన్ని సంవత్సరాలుగా భారతదేశాన్ని తీవ్రంగా ప్రభావితం చేసిన కొన్ని ప్రధాన ఉగ్రవాద దాడులు ఇక్కడ ఉన్నాయి:-

• 1991 పంజాబ్ ఊచకోత
• 1993 బొంబాయి బాంబు దాడులు
• 1993 చెన్నైలోని RSS కార్యాలయంపై బాంబు దాడి
• 2000 చర్చి బాంబు దాడి
• 2000 ఎర్రకోట తీవ్రవాద దాడి
• 2001 భారత పార్లమెంటుపై దాడి
• 2002 ముంబై బస్సు బాంబు దాడి
• 2002 అక్షరధామ్ ఆలయంపై దాడి
• 2003 ముంబై బాంబు దాడి
• 2004 అస్సాంలోని ధామాజీ పాఠశాలలో బాంబు దాడి
• 2005 ఢిల్లీ బాంబు పేలుడు
• 2005 ఇండియన్ ఇన్‌స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ సైన్స్ షూటింగ్
• 2006 వారణాసి బాంబు దాడి
• 2006 ముంబై రైలు బాంబు దాడి
• 2006 మాలెగావ్ బాంబు దాడి
• 2007 సంఝౌతా ఎక్స్‌ప్రెస్ బాంబు దాడి
• 2007 మక్కా మసీదు బాంబు దాడి
• 2007 హైదరాబాద్ బాంబు దాడి
• 2007 అజ్మీర్ దర్గా బాంబు దాడి
• 2008 జైపూర్ బాంబు దాడి
• 2008 బెంగుళూరు సీరియల్ బ్లాస్ట్
• 2008 అహ్మదాబాద్ బాంబు దాడి
• 2008 ఢిల్లీ బాంబు పేలుడు
• 2008 ముంబై దాడులు
• 2010 పూణే బాంబు దాడి
• 2010 వారణాసి బాంబు దాడి
• 2011 ముంబై బాంబు దాడి
• 2011 ఢిల్లీ బాంబు దాడి
• 2012 పూణే బాంబు దాడి
• 2013 హైదరాబాద్ పేలుడు
• 2013 శ్రీనగర్ దాడి
• 2013 బోద్ గయా బాంబు దాడి
• 2013 పాట్నా బాంబు పేలుడు
• 2014 ఛత్తీస్‌గఢ్ దాడి
• 2014 జార్ఖండ్ పేలుడు
• 2014 చెన్నై రైలు బాంబు దాడి
• 2014 అస్సాం హింస
• 2014 చర్చి స్ట్రీట్ బాంబింగ్, బెంగళూరు
• 2015 జమ్మూ దాడి
• 2015 గురుదాస్‌పూర్ దాడి
• 2015 పఠాన్‌కోట్ దాడి
• 2016 ఉరీ దాడి
• 2016 బారాముల్లా దాడి
• 2017 భోపాల్ ఉజ్జయిని ప్యాసింజర్ రైలు బాంబు దాడి
• 2017 అమర్‌నాథ్ యాత్రపై దాడి
• 2018 సుక్కా దాడి

భారతదేశంలో ఉగ్రవాదంపై పోరాడే కొన్ని ప్రధాన ఏజెన్సీలు-

భారతదేశంలోని అనేక పోలీసు, ఇంటెలిజెన్స్ మరియు సైనిక సంస్థలు దేశంలో ఉగ్రవాదంపై పోరాడేందుకు ప్రత్యేక ఏజెన్సీలను సృష్టించాయి.

యాంటీ టెర్రరిస్ట్ స్క్వాడ్ (ATS)

యాంటీ టెర్రరిస్ట్ టీమ్స్ (ATS) భారతదేశంలోని మహారాష్ట్ర, గుజరాత్, కేరళ, ఉత్తరప్రదేశ్, బీహార్ మరియు రాజస్థాన్ రాష్ట్రాల్లో పనిచేస్తున్నాయి. ఇది భారతదేశంలో అనేక ఉగ్రవాద దాడులను నిరోధించడానికి అనేక రకాల వ్యూహాలను అనుసరించిన ప్రత్యేక పోలీసు దళం.

పరిశోధన మరియు విశ్లేషణ విభాగం (RAW)

1968లో స్థాపించబడిన RAW అనేది భారతదేశపు విదేశీ గూఢచార సంస్థ. ఇది తీవ్రవాద కుట్రలను తిప్పికొట్టడానికి దోహదం చేస్తుంది, ప్రతి-వ్యాప్తిని ప్రోత్సహిస్తుంది మరియు భారతదేశం యొక్క అణు కార్యక్రమాన్ని కాపాడుతుంది.

జాతీయ దర్యాప్తు సంస్థ (NIA)

దేశంలో ఉగ్రవాదంపై పోరాడేందుకు భారత ప్రభుత్వం ఈ ఏజెన్సీని ఏర్పాటు చేసింది. దురదృష్టకర 2008 ముంబై ఉగ్రదాడుల తర్వాత ప్రారంభమైంది. ఈ ఏజన్సీకి రాష్ట్రాల నుండి ఎటువంటి నిర్దిష్ట అనుమతి లేకుండా, ఏదైనా భారతీయ రాష్ట్రంలో జరుగుతున్న తీవ్రవాద గ్రూపులు/కార్యకలాపాలపై చర్య తీసుకునే అధికారం ఉంది.

ఉగ్రవాదం భారత్‌పై తీవ్ర ప్రభావం చూపుతోంది. ఉగ్రవాదుల దాడుల కారణంగా వేలాది మంది అమాయకులు ప్రాణాలు కోల్పోయారు. యాంటీ టెర్రరిస్ట్ ఏజెన్సీలు ఏర్పాటైనప్పటికీ, వారి అత్యున్నత వ్యూహాలు ఉన్నప్పటికీ, తీవ్రవాద గ్రూపులు ఇప్పటికీ ఉగ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాలను నిర్వహించడంలో విజయవంతమవుతున్నాయి.

ఉగ్రదాడులపై భారత ప్రభుత్వ ప్రతిస్పందన ఎప్పుడూ ఉండాల్సినంత కఠినంగా లేదు. తీవ్రవాద కార్యకలాపాలకు సరైన వ్యూహాత్మక ప్రతిస్పందన లేకపోవడం ఉగ్రవాద సంస్థలను నిర్భయంగా ఇటువంటి కార్యకలాపాలను నిర్వహించేలా ప్రోత్సహిస్తుంది.

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The Possible Collapse of the U.S. Home Insurance System

A times investigation found climate change may now be a concern for every homeowner in the country..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. And this is “The Daily.”

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Today, my colleague, Christopher Flavelle, on a “Times” investigation into one of the least known and most consequential effects of climate change — insurance — and why it may now be a concern for every homeowner in the country.

It’s Wednesday, May 15.

So, Chris, you and I talked a while ago about how climate change was really wreaking havoc in the insurance market in Florida. You’ve just done an investigation that takes a look into the insurance markets more broadly and more deeply. Tell us about it.

Yeah, so I cover climate change, in particular the way climate shocks affect different parts of American life. And insurance has become a really big part of that coverage. And Florida is a great example. As hurricanes have gotten worse and more frequent, insurers are paying out more and more money to rebuild people’s homes. And that’s driving up insurance costs and ultimately driving up the cost of owning a home in Florida.

So we’re already seeing that climate impact on the housing market in Florida. My colleagues and I started to think, well, could it be that that kind of disruption is also happening in other states, not just in the obvious coastal states but maybe even through the middle of the US? So we set out to find out just how much it is happening, how much that Florida turmoil has, in fact, become really a contagion that is spreading across the country.

So how did you go about reporting this? I mean, where did you start?

All we knew at the start of this was that there was reason to think this might be a problem. If you just look at how the federal government tracks disasters around the country, there’s been a big increase almost every year in the number and severity of all kinds of disasters around the country. So we thought, OK, it’s worth trying to find out, what does that mean for insurers?

The problem is getting data on the insurance industry is actually really hard. There’s no federal regulation. There’s no government agency you can go to that holds this data. If you talk to the insurers directly, they tend to be a little reluctant to share information about what they’re going through. So we weren’t sure where to go until, finally, we realized the best people to ask are the people whose job it is to gauge the financial health of insurance companies.

Those are rating agencies. In particular, there’s one rating company called AM Best, whose whole purpose is to tell investors how healthy an insurance company is.

Whoa. So this is way down in the nuts and bolts of the US insurance industry.

Right. This is a part of the broader economy that most people would never experience. But we asked them to do something special for us. We said, hey, can you help us find the one number that would tell us reporters just how healthy or unhealthy this insurance market is state by state over time? And it turns out, there is just such a number. It’s called a combined ratio.

OK, plain English?

Plain English, it is the ratio of revenue to costs, how much money these guys take in for homeowner’s insurance and how much they pay out in costs and losses. You want your revenue to be higher than your costs. If not, you’re in trouble.

So what did you find out?

Well, we got that number for every state, going back more than a decade. And what it showed us was our suspicions were right. This market turmoil that we were seeing in Florida and California has indeed been spreading across the country. And in fact, it turns out that in 18 states, last year, the homeowner’s insurance market lost money. And that’s a big jump from 5 or 10 years ago and spells real trouble for insurance and for homeowners and for almost every part of the economy.

So the contagion was real.

Right. This is our first window showing us just how far that contagion had spread. And one of the really striking things about this data was it showed the contagion had spread to places that I wouldn’t have thought of as especially prone to climate shocks — for example, a lot of the Midwest, a lot of the Southeast. In fact, if you think of a map of the country, there was no state between Pennsylvania and the Dakotas that didn’t lose money on homeowner’s insurance last year.

So just huge parts of the middle of the US have become unprofitable for homeowner’s insurance. This market is starting to buckle under the cost of climate change.

And this is all happening really fast. When we did the Florida episode two years ago, it was a completely new phenomenon and really only in Florida. And now it’s everywhere.

Yeah. And that’s exactly what’s so striking here. The rate at which this is becoming, again, a contagion and spreading across the country is just demolishing the expectations of anyone I’ve spoken to. No one thought that this problem would affect so much of the US so quickly.

So in these states, these new places that the contagion has spread to, what exactly is happening that’s causing the insurance companies to fold up shop?

Yeah. Something really particular is happening in a lot of these states. And it’s worth noting how it’s surprised everyone. And what that is, is formally unimportant weather events, like hailstorms or windstorms, those didn’t used to be the kind of thing that would scare insurance companies. Obviously, a big problem if it destroys your home or damages your home. But for insurers, it wasn’t going to wipe them out financially.

Right. It wasn’t just a complete and utter wipeout that the company would then have to pony up a lot of money for.

Exactly. And insurers call them secondary perils, sort of a belittling term, something other than a big deal, like a hurricane.

These minor league weather events.

Right. But those are becoming so frequent and so much more intense that they can cause existential threats for insurance companies. And insurers are now fleeing states not because of hurricanes but because those former things that were small are now big. Hailstorms, wildfires in some places, previous annoyances are becoming real threats to insurers.

Chris, what’s the big picture on what insurers are actually facing? What’s happening out there numbers-wise?

This is a huge threat. In terms of the number of states where this industry is losing money, it’s more than doubled from 10 years ago to basically a third of the country. The amount they’re losing is enormous. In some states, insurers are paying out $1.25 or even $1.50 for every dollar they bring in, in revenue, which is totally unsustainable.

And the result is insurers are making changes. They are pulling back from these markets. They’re hiking premiums. And often, they’re just dropping customers. And that’s where this becomes real, not just for people who surf balance sheets and trade in the stock market. This is becoming real for homeowners around the country, who all of a sudden increasingly can’t get insurance.

So, Chris, what’s the actual implication? I mean, what happens when people in a state can’t get insurance for their homes?

Getting insurance for a home is crucial if you want to sell or buy a home. Most people can’t buy a home without a mortgage. And banks won’t issue a mortgage without home insurance. So if you’ve got a home that insurance company doesn’t want to cover, you got a real problem. You need to find insurance, or that home becomes very close to unsellable.

And as you get fewer buyers, the price goes down. So this doesn’t just hurt people who are paying for these insurance premiums. It hurts people who want to sell their homes. It even could hurt, at some point, whole local economies. If home values fall, governments take in less tax revenue. That means less money for schools and police. It also means people who get hit by disasters and have to rebuild their homes all of a sudden can’t, because their insurance isn’t available anymore. It’s hard to overstate just how big a deal this is.

And is that actually happening, Chris? I mean, are housing markets being dragged down because of this problem with the insurance markets right now?

Anecdotally, we’ve got reports that in places like Florida and Louisiana and maybe in parts of California, the difficulty of getting insurance, the crazy high cost of insurance is starting to depress demand because not everyone can afford to pay these really high costs, even if they have insurance. But what we wanted to focus on with this story was also, OK, we know where this goes eventually. But where is it beginning? What are the places that are just starting to feel these shocks from the insurance market?

And so I called around and asked insurance agents, who are the front lines of this. They’re the ones who are struggling to find insurance for homeowners. And I said, hey, is there one place that I should go if I want to understand what it looks like to homeowners when all of a sudden insurance becomes really expensive or you can’t even find it? And those insurance agents told me, if you want to see what this looks like in real life, go to a little town called Marshalltown in the middle of Iowa.

We’ll be right back.

So, Chris, you went to Marshalltown, Iowa. What did you find?

Even before I got to Marshalltown, I had some idea I was in the right spot. When I landed in Des Moines and went to rent a car, the nice woman at the desk who rented me a car, she said, what are you doing here? I said, I’m here to write a story about people in Iowa who can’t get insurance because of storms. She said, oh, yeah, I know all about that. That’s a big problem here.

Even the rental car lady.

Even the rental car lady knew something was going on. And so I got into my rental car and drove about an hour northeast of Des Moines, through some rolling hills, to this lovely little town of Marshalltown. Marshalltown is a really cute, little Midwestern town with old homes and a beautiful courthouse in the town square. And when I drove through, I couldn’t help noticing all the roofs looked new.

What does that tell you?

Turns out Marshalltown, despite being a pastoral image of Midwestern easy living, was hit by two really bad disasters in recent years — first, a devastating tornado in 2018 and then, in 2020, what’s called a derecho, a straight-line wind event that’s also just enormously damaging. And the result was lots of homes in this small town got severely damaged in a short period of time. And so when you drive down, you see all these new roofs that give you the sense that something’s going on.

So climate had come to Marshalltown?

Exactly. A place that had previously seemed maybe safe from climate change, if there is such a thing, all of a sudden was not. So I found an insurance agent in Marshalltown —

We talked to other agents but haven’t talked to many homeowners.

— named Bobby Shomo. And he invited me to his office early one morning and said, come meet some people. And so I parked on a quiet street outside of his office, across the street from the courthouse, which also had a new roof, and went into his conference room and met a procession of clients who all had versions of the same horror story.

It was more — well more of double.

A huge reduction in coverage with a huge price increase.

Some people had faced big premium hikes.

I’m just a little, small business owner. So every little bit I do feel.

They had so much trouble with their insurance company.

I was with IMT Insurance forever. And then when I moved in 2020, Bobby said they won’t insure a pool.

Some people had gotten dropped.

Where we used to see carriers canceling someone for frequency of three or four or five claims, it’s one or two now.

Some people couldn’t get the coverage they needed. But it was versions of the same tale, which is all of a sudden, having homeowner’s insurance in Marshalltown was really difficult. But I wanted to see if it was bigger than just Marshalltown. So the next day, I got back in my car and drove east to Cedar Rapids, where I met another person having a version of the same problem, a guy named Dave Langston.

Tell me about Dave.

Dave lives in a handsome, modest, little townhouse on a quiet cul-de-sac on a hill at the edge of Cedar Rapids. He’s the president of his homeowners association. There’s 17 homes on this little street. And this is just as far as you could get from a danger zone. It looks as safe as could be. But in January, they got a letter from the company that insures him and his neighbors, saying his policy was being canceled, even though it wasn’t as though they’d just been hit by some giant storm.

So then what was the reason they gave?

They didn’t give a reason. And I think people might not realize, insurers don’t have to give a reason. Insurance policies are year to year. And if your insurance company decides that you’re too much of a risk or your neighborhood is too much of a risk or your state is too much of a risk, they can just leave. They can send you a letter saying, forget it. We’re canceling your insurance. There’s almost no protection people have.

And in this case, the reason was that this insurance company was losing too much money in Iowa and didn’t want to keep on writing homeowner’s insurance in the state. That was the situation that Dave shared with tens of thousands of people across the state that were all getting similar letters.

What made Dave’s situation a little more challenging was that he couldn’t get new insurance. He tried for months through agent after agent after agent. And every company told him the same thing. We won’t cover you. Even though these homes are perfectly safe in a safe part of the state, nobody would say yes. And it took them until basically two days before their insurance policy was going to run out until they finally found new coverage that was far more expensive and far more bare-bones than what they’d had.

But at least it was something.

It was something. But the problem was it wasn’t that good. Under this new policy, if Dave’s street got hit by another big windstorm, the damage from that storm and fixing that damage would wipe out all the savings set aside by these homeowners. The deductible would be crushingly high — $120,000 — to replace those roofs if the worst happened because the insurance money just wouldn’t cover anywhere close to the cost of rebuilding.

He said to me, we didn’t do anything wrong. This is just what insurance looks like today. And today, it’s us in Cedar Rapids. Everyone, though, is going to face a situation like this eventually. And Dave is right. I talked to insurance agents around the country. And they confirmed for me that this kind of a shift towards a new type of insurance, insurance that’s more expensive and doesn’t cover as much and makes it harder to rebuild after a big disaster, it’s becoming more and more common around the country.

So, Chris, if Dave and the people you spoke to in Iowa were really evidence that your hunch was right, that the problem is spreading and rapidly, what are the possible fixes here?

The fix that people seem most hopeful about is this idea that, what if you could reduce the risk and cause there to be less damage in the first place? So what some states are doing is they’re trying to encourage homeowners to spend more money on hardening their home or adding a new roof or, if it’s a wildfire zone, cut back the vegetation, things that can reduce your risk of having really serious losses. And to help pay for that, they’re telling insurers, you’ve got to offer a discount to people who do that.

And everyone who works in this field says, in theory, that’s the right approach. The problem is, number one, hardening a home costs a fantastic amount of money. So doing this at scale is hugely expensive. Number two, it takes a long time to actually get enough homes hardened in this way that you can make a real dent for insurance companies. We’re talking about years or probably decades before that has a real effect, if it ever works.

OK. So that sounds not particularly realistic, given the urgency and the timeline we’re on here. So what else are people looking at?

Option number two is the government gets involved. And instead of most Americans buying home insurance from a private company, they start buying it from government programs that are designed to make sure that people, even in risky places, can still buy insurance. That would be just a gargantuan undertaking. The idea of the government providing homeowner’s insurance because private companies can’t or won’t would lead to one of the biggest government programs that exists, if we could even do it.

So huge change, like the federal government actually trying to write these markets by itself by providing homeowner’s insurance. But is that really feasible?

Well, in some areas, we’re actually already doing it. The government already provides flood insurance because for decades, most private insurers have not wanted to cover flood. It’s too risky. It’s too expensive. But that change, with governments taking over that role, creates a new problem of its own because the government providing flood insurance that you otherwise couldn’t get means people have been building and building in flood-prone areas because they know they can get that guaranteed flood insurance.

Interesting. So that’s a huge new downside. The government would be incentivizing people to move to places that they shouldn’t be.

That’s right. But there’s even one more problem with that approach of using the government to try to solve this problem, which is these costs keep growing. The number of billion-dollar disasters the US experiences every year keeps going up. And at some point, even if the government pays the cost through some sort of subsidized insurance, what happens when that cost is so great that we can no longer afford to pay it? That’s the really hard question that no official can answer.

So that’s pretty doomsday, Chris. Are we looking at the end of insurance?

I think it’s fair to say that we’re looking at the end of insurance as we know it, the end of insurance that means most Americans can rest assured that if they get hit by a disaster, their insurance company will provide enough money they can rebuild. That idea might be going away. And what it shows is maybe the threat of climate change isn’t quite what we thought.

Maybe instead of climate change wrecking communities in the form of a big storm or a wildfire or a flood, maybe even before those things happen, climate change can wreck communities by something as seemingly mundane and even boring as insurance. Maybe the harbinger of doom is not a giant storm but an anodyne letter from your insurance company, saying, we’re sorry to inform you we can no longer cover your home.

Maybe the future of climate change is best seen not by poring over weather data from NOAA but by poring over spreadsheets from rating firms, showing the profitability from insurance companies, and how bit by bit, that money that they’re losing around the country tells its own story. And the story is these shocks are actually already here.

Chris, as always, terrifying to talk to you.

Always a pleasure, Sabrina.

Here’s what else you should know today. On Tuesday, the United Nations has reclassified the number of women and children killed in Gaza, saying that it does not have enough identifying information to know exactly how many of the total dead are women and children. The UN now estimates that about 5,000 women and about 8,000 children have been killed, figures that are about half of what it was previously citing. The UN says the numbers dropped because it is using a more conservative estimate while waiting for information on about 10,000 other dead Gazans who have not yet been identified.

And Mike Johnson, the Speaker of the House, gave a press conference outside the court in Lower Manhattan, where Michael Cohen, the former fixer for Donald Trump, was testifying for a second day, answering questions from Trump’s lawyers. Trump is bound by a gag order. So Johnson joined other stand-ins for the former president to discredit the proceedings. Johnson, one of the most important Republicans in the country, attacked Cohen but also the trial itself, calling it a sham and political theater.

Today’s episode was produced by Nina Feldman, Shannon Lin, and Jessica Cheung. It was edited by MJ Davis Lin, with help from Michael Benoist, contains original music by Dan Powell, Marion Lozano, and Rowan Niemisto, and was engineered by Alyssa Moxley. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. See you tomorrow.

• May 17, 2024   •   51:10 The Campus Protesters Explain Themselves
• May 16, 2024   •   30:47 The Make-or-Break Testimony of Michael Cohen
• May 15, 2024   •   27:03 The Possible Collapse of the U.S. Home Insurance System
• May 14, 2024   •   35:20 Voters Want Change. In Our Poll, They See It in Trump.
• May 13, 2024   •   27:46 How Biden Adopted Trump’s Trade War With China
• May 10, 2024   •   27:42 Stormy Daniels Takes the Stand
• May 9, 2024   •   34:42 One Strongman, One Billion Voters, and the Future of India
• May 8, 2024   •   28:28 A Plan to Remake the Middle East
• May 7, 2024   •   27:43 How Changing Ocean Temperatures Could Upend Life on Earth
• May 6, 2024   •   29:23 R.F.K. Jr.’s Battle to Get on the Ballot
• May 3, 2024   •   25:33 The Protesters and the President
• May 2, 2024   •   29:13 Biden Loosens Up on Weed

Hosted by Sabrina Tavernise

Featuring Christopher Flavelle

Produced by Nina Feldman ,  Shannon M. Lin and Jessica Cheung

Edited by MJ Davis Lin

With Michael Benoist

Original music by Dan Powell ,  Marion Lozano and Rowan Niemisto

Engineered by Alyssa Moxley

Listen and follow The Daily Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music | YouTube

Across the United States, more frequent extreme weather is starting to cause the home insurance market to buckle, even for those who have paid their premiums dutifully year after year.

Christopher Flavelle, a climate reporter, discusses a Times investigation into one of the most consequential effects of the changes.

On today’s episode

Christopher Flavelle , a climate change reporter for The New York Times.

Background reading

As American insurers bleed cash from climate shocks , homeowners lose.

See how the home insurance crunch affects the market in each state .

Here are four takeaways from The Times’s investigation.

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

Christopher Flavelle contributed reporting.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson and Nina Lassam.

Christopher Flavelle is a Times reporter who writes about how the United States is trying to adapt to the effects of climate change. More about Christopher Flavelle

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