a manual for writers of research papers turabian

A MANUAL FOR WRITERS OF RESEARCH PAPERS —also known as “Turabian”—is the gold standard for college and graduate students in virtually all academic areas. An introduction to Chicago-style formatting and citation generation, the manual aids students in clear writing, citing, and research practice. At the heart of Turabian is the idea that, no matter the format, the foundations of good research remain the same: to do it carefully, present it clearly and accurately, and follow academic standards for citation, style, and format.

THE NINTH EDITION INCLUDES:

• comprehensive guidelines for formatting papers and preparing them for submission
• authoritative guidance on all matters of style
• updated to reflect The Chicago Manual of  Style , 17th edition
• thorough coverage of Chicago-style formatting and citation
• extensive guidelines on conducting research in digital environments

Writers need a strong research question, an evidence-based argument, to structure their work in a logical way, and to cite their sources. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations , remains one of the most popular books for writers because of its timeless focus on achieving these goals. The ninth edition filters decades of expertise into modern standards. Recognizing that most students will be doing their work largely or entirely online and on screens, this new edition builds information literacy by addressing digital forms of both research and writing.

Through eight decades and millions of copies, A Manual for Writers has helped generations shape their ideas into compelling research papers. This new edition continues as the gold standard for college and graduate students in virtually all academic disciplines.

A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Ninth Edition

Chicago style for students and researchers.

Ninth Edition

Kate L. Turabian

• Bestselling, trusted, and time-tested advice for writing research papers
• The best interpretation of Chicago style for higher education students and researchers
• Definitive, clear, and easy to read, with plenty of examples
• Shows how to compose a strong research question, construct an evidence-based argument, cite sources, and structure work in a logical way
• Essential for anyone interested in learning about research
• Everything any student or teacher needs to know concerning paper writing

A website for the book, including our Quick Citation Guide.

464 pages | 11 halftones, 22 line drawings, 12 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2018

Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing

Language and Linguistics: Language--Reference

Library Science and Publishing: Publishing

Reference and Bibliography

Rhetoric and Communication

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“Without doubt, for anyone interested in learning about research—what it is, where one goes to pursue it, how to do it, what it entails and means, why it is important (now more so than ever before)— A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers is the place to begin. It will likely show people new to the field a way forward and offer experienced researchers the means to test established modes of operation. This book will not fail you, today or tomorrow, at home or in the library. Look for it at a bookstore near you or online.”

Thomas R. Claire | Publishing Research Quarterly

“Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations continues a tradition of providing one of the best interpretations of The Chicago Manual of Style for higher education students and researchers in this ninth edition. The writing style is clear and easy to read, with examples illustrating proper formatting of items.”

Cynthia Goode | American Reference Books Annual

"A mainstay in high-school and college libraries."

Praise for a previous edition | Booklist

“This definitive handbook supplies information on about everything any student or teacher may desire to know concerning paper writing.”

Praise for a previous edition | Quill and Scroll

“Kate L. Turabian was our trusted guide and mentor, the absolute authority, the one who knew all there was to know about the strange world of proper term papers. . . . To write a term paper without a well-worn copy of Turabian handy was unthinkable. Our writing on term papers might be weak, our research haphazard, our insights sophomoric, but, thanks to Kate L. Turabian, our footnotes could always be absolutely flawless.”

Praise for a previous edition | Seattle Post-Intelligencer

"Indispensable. . . . Turabian is everything a student researcher might need save a grammar guide and training in specific research methods. . . . When you consider the sheer wealth of material contained or cited in Turabian, its US $18.00 paperback and eBook list price is an absolute steal."

Steven E. Gump | Journal of Scholarly Publishing

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A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations

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About this book.

• Bestselling, trusted, and time-tested advice for writing research papers
• The best interpretation of Chicago style for higher education students and researchers
• Definitive, clear, and easy to read, with plenty of examples
• Shows how to compose a strong research question, construct an evidence-based argument, cite sources, and structure work in a logical way
• Essential for anyone interested in learning about research
• Everything any student or teacher needs to know concerning paper writing

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Table of contents.

A Note to Students

Part I. Research and Writing / Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. FitzGerald

Overview of Part I

1.1 What Research Is

1.2 How Researchers Think about Their Aims

1.3 Conversing with Your Readers

2. Defining a Project: Topic, Question, Problem, Working Hypothesis

2.1 Find a Question in Your Topic

2.2 Understanding Research Problems

2.3 Propose a Working Hypothesis

2.4 Build a Storyboard to Plan and Guide Your Work

2.5 Join or Organize a Writing Group

3. Finding Useful Sources

3.1 Three Kinds of Sources and Their Uses

3.2 Search for Sources Systematically

3.3 Evaluate Sources for Relevance and Reliability

3.5 Record Your Sources Fully, Accurately, and Appropriately

4. Engaging Your Sources

4.1 Read Generously to Understand, Then Critically to Engage

4.2 Take Notes Systematically

4.3 Take Useful Notes

4.4 Review Your Progress

4.5 Manage Moments of Normal Anxiety

5. Constructing Your Argument

5.1 What a Research Argument Is and Is Not

5.3 Turn Your Working Hypothesis into a Claim

5.4 Assemble the Elements of Your Argument

5.5 Prefer Arguments Based on Evidence to Arguments Based on Warrants

5.6 Assemble an Argument

6.1 Avoid Unhelpful Plans

6.2 Create a Plan That Meets Your Readers’ Needs

6.3 File Away Leftovers

7. Drafting Your Paper

7.2 Develop Effective Writing Habits

7.4 Quote, Paraphrase, and Summarize Appropriately

7.5 Integrate Quotations into Your Text

7.6 Use Footnotes and Endnotes Judiciously

7.8 Be Open to Surprises

7.9 Guard against Inadvertent Plagiarism

7.10 Guard against Inappropriate Assistance

7.11 Work Through Chronic Procrastination and Writer’s Block

8.1 Choose Verbal or Visual Representations of Your Data

8.2 Choose the Most Effective Graphic

8.3 Design Tables and Figures

8.4 Communicate Data Ethically

9. Revising Your Draft

9.3 Make Sure the Body of Your Report Is Coherent

9.5 Let Your Draft Cool, Then Paraphrase It

10. Writing Your Final Introduction and Conclusion

10.1 Draft Your Final Introduction

10.2 Draft Your Final Conclusion

10.3 Write Your Title Last

11. Revising Sentences

11.1 Focus on the First Seven or Eight Words of a Sentence

11.2 Diagnose What You Read

11.3 Choose the Right Word

11.5 Give It Up and Turn It In

12.1 Two Kinds of Feedback: Advice and Data

12.2 Find General Principles in Specific Comments

12.3 Talk with Your Reader

13.1 Plan Your Oral Presentation

13.2 Design Your Presentation to Be Listened To

13.3 Plan Your Poster Presentation

13.4 Plan Your Conference Proposal

14. On the Spirit of Research

Part II. Source Citation

15.1 Reasons for Citing Your Sources

15.2 The Requirements of Citation

15.3 Two Citation Styles

15.4 Electronic Sources

15.5 Preparation of Citations

15.6 Citation Management Tools

16. Notes-Bibliography Style: The Basic Form

16.1 Basic Patterns

16.2 Bibliographies

16.4 Short Forms for Notes

17. Notes-Bibliography Style: Citing Specific Types of Sources

17.2 Journal Articles

17.3 Magazine Articles

17.4 Newspaper Articles

17.5 Websites, Blogs, and Social Media

17.6 Interviews and Personal Communications

17.7 Papers, Lectures, and Manuscript Collections

17.8 Older Works and Sacred Works

17.9 Reference Works and Secondary Citations

17.10 Sources in the Visual and Performing Arts

17.11 Public Documents

18. Author-Date Style: The Basic Form

18.1 Basic Patterns

18.2 Reference Lists

18.3 Parenthetical Citations

19. Author-Date Style: Citing Specific Types of Sources

19.2 Journal Articles

19.3 Magazine Articles

19.4 Newspaper Articles

19.5 Websites, Blogs, and Social Media

19.6 Interviews and Personal Communications

19.7 Papers, Lectures, and Manuscript Collections

19.8 Older Works and Sacred Works

19.9 Reference Works and Secondary Citations

19.10 Sources in the Visual and Performing Arts

19.11 Public Documents

Part III. Style

20. Spelling

20.1 Plurals

20.2 Possessives

20.3 Compounds and Words Formed with Prefixes

20.4 Line Breaks

21. Punctuation

21.1 Periods

21.2 Commas

21.3 Semicolons

21.4 Colons

21.7 Hyphens and Dashes

21.9 Slashes

21.12 Multiple Punctuation Marks

22.2 Special Terms

22.3 Titles of Works

23. Numbers

23.1 Words or Numerals?

23.2 Plurals and Punctuation

23.3 Date Systems

23.4 Numbers Used outside the Text

24. Abbreviations

24.1 General Principles

24.2 Names and Titles

24.3 Geographical Terms

24.4 Time and Dates

24.6 The Bible and Other Sacred Works

24.7 Abbreviations in Citations and Other Scholarly Contexts

25. Quotations

25.2 Incorporating Quotations into Your Text

25.3 Modifying Quotations

26. Tables and Figures

26.1 General Issues

26.2 Tables

26.3 Figures

A.1 General Format Requirements

A.2 Format Requirements for Specific Elements

Appendix: Paper Format and Submission

A.3 File Preparation and Submission Requirements

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Turabian Writing Guide: Home

• Bibliography
• Citing the Bible

What is Turabian?

All of Liberty University's programs of study that use Turabian formatting use one set of Turabian formatting resources.  Separate templates are provided for assignments that do not require subheadings (in most cases, papers with less than ten pages in the body), as well as those that do require subheadings (recommended for most papers with more than ten pages in the body, and required in papers with more than twenty pages in the body).  Students will use and follow the respective template based on their specific assignment’s requirements.

The Liberty University Writing Center's   Turabian Guide provides detailed instructions, templates, and tutorials on using Turabian. There is also citation help and direction through the Turabian Citation Quick Guide (Chicago Style Manual Of Style Online). The Turabian writing style is taken from Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research papers, Theses, and Dissertations . Turabian is the student version of the Chicago Manual of Style.

It's important to note that Turabian has two different formatting approaches, the Notes-Bibliography style and the Author-Date style . The Notes-Bibliography style is also called Chicago/Turabian: Humanities style located in chapters 16 and 17 of the Turabian manual. Chapters 18 and 19 give examples for the Author-Date style.

Copies of the Kate Turabian's  A Manual for Writers  are available for check out at the front desk of the Jerry Falwell Library. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is also available to answer citation and formatting questions.

A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Ninth Edition by Turabian, Kate L (z-lib.org)

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Kate L. Turabian: A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers

9th Edition, Revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, William T. FitzGerald, and the University of Chicago Editorial Staff University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 2017; 462 pages (paperback) $18.00; ISBN: 9780226430577)

• Book Review
• Published: 27 July 2018
• Volume 34 , pages 482–484, ( 2018 )

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Claire, T.R. Kate L. Turabian: A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. Pub Res Q 34 , 482–484 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12109-018-9601-4

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A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Ninth Edition: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing) Ninth Edition

Purchase options and add-ons.

• Bestselling, trusted, and time-tested advice for writing research papers
• The best interpretation of Chicago style for higher education students and researchers
• Definitive, clear, and easy to read, with plenty of examples
• Shows how to compose a strong research question, construct an evidence-based argument, cite sources, and structure work in a logical way
• Essential for anyone interested in learning about research
• Everything any student or teacher needs to know concerning paper writing
• ISBN-10 022671389X
• ISBN-13 978-0226713892
• Edition Ninth
• Publisher University of Chicago Press
• Publication date October 21, 2020
• Part of series Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing
• Language English
• Dimensions 5.5 x 1.3 x 8.5 inches
• Print length 480 pages
• See all details

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of Chicago Press; Ninth edition (October 21, 2020)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Spiral-bound ‏ : ‎ 480 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 022671389X
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0226713892
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.35 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 1.3 x 8.5 inches
• #43 in Research Reference Books
• #121 in Words, Language & Grammar Reference
• #257 in Fiction Writing Reference (Books)

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Turabian 9th edition Style Guide

• Formatting Your Paper
• Notes-Bibliography style citations
• Author-Date citations

Turabian 9th edition

Disclaimer :  this guide is designed to provide a brief overview of turabian 9th edition and does not replace the style handbook.  please refer to the style handbook for more details on citing sources.   you can also contact savannah patterson ([email protected]) or make a research coach appointment.  .

The Turabian citation style is a shortened form of Chicago citation style.  Developed by the secretary of the graduate school's dissertation department at the University of Chicago, Kate Turabian, this citation style is used in social sciences, humanities, natural and physical sciences and depending on the class/professor.  

There are two different styles of Turabian that students can follow given their professors' requests (1) notes- bibliography (or notes style) and (2) author-date style. Both styles require in-text citations and formal references in a bibliography or reference, but each style differs regarding the in-text citation.  The notes style require footnotes (indicated by a superscript number after a reference) that are at the bottom of the page or at the end of the text.  The author-date citation style uses parenthetical citations to cite the references in the text.  Make sure to consult your professor if you are not sure which style to use.  

This guide provides brief examples and descriptions of how to cite works in a paper for footnotes, author-date citations, and the bibliography.  Additional information regarding inclusive language is included in the 9th edition handbook which can be found in the library.  

Click the tabs to see examples and descriptions of citations for various types of resources. 

Information on this guide was found from a combination of sources: 

Purdue Online Writing Lab. "General Format."                                                                                         https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html   Accessed   12/6/2021. 

Turabian, Kate.  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations; Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. Edited by   Wayne C. Booth, 

    Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. Fitzgerald. 9th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018. 

Turabian: A Manual for Writers: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. "Turabian Citation Quick Page." Accessed December 6,             

     2021.  https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/turabian/citation-guide.html    

• Next: Formatting Your Paper >>
• Last Updated: Mar 20, 2024 10:25 AM
• URL: https://guides.uu.edu/turabian

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