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How to Become a Speech-Language Pathologist

A career in speech-language pathology requires a master's degree and a clinical fellowship.

How to Become a Speech Pathologist

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Speech-language pathologists specialize in treating various speech impediments and addressing language comprehension difficulties.

Humans use their mouths and throats constantly, often unconsciously, to perform basic tasks like swallowing food or speaking aloud, so problems within this section of the body need to be addressed immediately and thoroughly.

Speech-language pathologists assist in these situations, and demand for their services is growing rapidly. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that employment within this profession will grow 25% through 2029, partly as a result of the aging American population and health ailments that are common among seniors that hinder talking and eating, such as strokes and Alzheimer's.

The median annual wage among U.S. speech-language pathologists in May 2020 was $80,480, according to the BLS, which notes that the usual entry-level academic credential within this field is a master's degree . Licensing requirements for this profession depend upon the state where a person practices, and many jobs within this field require national certification.

What Is Speech Pathology and What Does a Speech Pathologist Do?

The field of speech-language pathology encompasses much more than just communication disorders. The area of study also includes lessons about accent reduction and how to encourage children who are extremely picky eaters to consume food so that they are well-nourished, for example.

Speech-language pathologists specialize in treating various speech impediments and addressing language comprehension difficulties. They teach social skills to people with developmental disabilities, provide guidance to individuals with cognitive disorders and intervene when a person struggles to swallow food or beverages.

These clinicians routinely advise people who cannot hear well on how to understand others and express themselves, and they also show people who cannot speak how to communicate using picture boards and technological devices.

"Speech therapists help toddlers say 'mama' for the first time, assist teenagers who have a fluency disorder (stutter), and help adults who have suffered strokes be able to eat on their own again," Kassie Hanson, a Nebraska-based certified pediatric speech-language pathologist, wrote in an email.

Hanson recalls the beginning of her career and how working with a 2-year-old girl who was unable to talk solidified her career path. "After many sessions with the little girl, she said some of her very first words," Hanson says. "Just months later, she was talking in short phrases and sentences. Getting to help a little girl say her first words was life-changing and confirmed for me that I was in the right career!"

Steps to Become a Speech-Language Pathologist

Speech-language pathologists recommend that people who want to join their field complete all of the following tasks:

• Pursue a bachelor's degree and take college courses that relate to speech-language pathology.
• Search for accredited speech-language pathology master's programs using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's EdFind Tool .
• Gain relevant work experience and prepare a strong graduate school application with solid grades, essays and recommendation letters.
• Excel on the GRE General Test if the targeted graduate school considers GRE scores.
• Get into a master's program, ideally with a generous scholarship to reduce the cost.
• Obtain a master's degree in speech-language pathology.
• Complete a clinical fellowship in speech-language pathology.
• Take and pass the Praxis Examination in Speech-Language Pathology, a national test that assesses understanding of key content and current practices within the field.
• Secure a state license to practice independently if it is offered or required by your state.
• Get certified by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, or ASHA.

An undergraduate education in a related subject, such as communication sciences and disorders, may be mandatory for admission into a master's program in speech-language pathology, though academic prerequisites depend upon the graduate school, and some programs have a more flexible policy on college majors .

Speech-language pathology master's students learn about the many health conditions that can interfere with a person's ability to swallow, communicate or eat, including ailments that primarily affect children and diseases that are common among seniors.

Jolene Hyppa-Martin, an associate professor and a speech-language pathologist with the University of Minnesota—Duluth 's Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, notes that master's programs in speech-language pathology generally include lessons about how people who are unable to talk can express themselves via various alternative and augmentative communication devices.

Hyppa-Martin, who has a Ph.D. in speech, language and hearing sciences, adds that speech pathology students often have coursework where they learn how to counsel patients.

Standards set by ASHA's Council on Academic Accreditation mandate that all entry-level speech-language pathology programs allow students to accumulate at least 400 hours of supervised clinical practice experience. These rules also require faculty at such programs to focus on teaching certain core values like accountability, concern for patients, cultural competence and professional duty.

Hawaii board-certified speech-language pathologist Julia Kuhn explains that speech-language pathologists are expected to do a clinical fellowship – which is usually a paid, entry-level job immediately after graduation – so they can supplement their broad academic training with hands-on experience in a particular focus area, such as swallowing disorders or pediatric language issues, before they practice independently within that specialty.

Isa Marrs, a board-certified speech-language pathologist in New York, says that licensure helps to ensure that speech-language pathologists are trained thoroughly enough to care for vulnerable people. "There are so many important things that you are doing in somebody's life that having the proper training is crucial," she says.

What It Is Like to Work as a Speech-Language Pathologist

Although other health care providers such as physicians and nurse practitioners tend to earn higher wages than speech-language pathologists, there are many perks to this profession, including a solid work-life balance and a strong sense of purpose, according to experts.

But Kuhn warns that there are some hassles that come with the territory of speech-language pathology, such as a reliance on government payouts from social welfare programs like Medicare, which occasionally reduce compensation rates substantially.

Another downside to the field is the heavy caseloads that many speech-language pathologists carry, Kuhn says. Pathologists may feel frustrated by a limited amount of upward mobility since they rarely ascend to management positions, and their pay rates don't necessarily increase steadily over the course of their career, she notes.

An interest in social interaction is necessary to enjoy a career in this field, Kuhn says, as is genuine enjoyment of therapy sessions, which encompass the majority of a pathologist's workday.

Most speech-language pathologists emphasize the meaningful nature of their work. Marrs notes that there is a particular satisfaction that comes from teaching a person with a lisp to speak in a way that makes the individual feel proud rather than self-conscious.

She recalls teaching a child with autism how to chew so he could eat food that wasn't pureed. "When we accomplished that, it opened up so much for this child, as far as learning how to eat things other than baby food," Marrs says.

Hyppa-Martin says she uses voice banking tools to record those who will lose their voices due to degenerative health conditions. The software programs produce simulations of patients' voices and can be used to converse with others. Hyppa-Martin notes that one of her former clients who had a terminal illness was able to use voice bank technology to deliver a speech at his oldest daughter's wedding before his death.

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How to Become a Speech Pathologist [2024 Guide]

Wondering how to become a speech pathologist?

As you fulfill the educational and licensing requirements for this career path, you may develop many needed skills in this field that can equip you to help others. The Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts significant job growth for this field.

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With the right degree and certification, you can pursue well-paid jobs in diverse settings, such as schools, hospitals, rehabilitation clinics, and even research institutes.

How to Become a Speech Pathologist

The first step in becoming a speech language pathologist entails earning an accredited masters in speech pathology after completing your bachelors. You might find that an online masters degree program offers the most convenient learning options. A growing number of universities even offer online speech pathology masters programs with no GRE requirement.

If you’re still on your way to getting a bachelor’s degree, you may want to consider choosing a related major, such as communication sciences or physiology. Once you’ve completed your bachelor’s degree, here are the key steps you’re likely to follow if you want to become a certified speech-language pathologist:

• Master’s degree . Obtain a master’s degree in speech language pathology from an accredited program.
• Clinical internship . Complete a clinical internship or practicum, usually related to your master’s program.
• State board requirements . Complete any state board or other professional licensing examinations and requirements.
• Supervised internship or fellowship . Complete any supervised clinical internships and postgraduate fellowship programs required for obtaining professional licensure or certification.

Licensing requirements can vary from state to state, so it can be beneficial to familiarize yourself with the requirements of the state licensing board in the state where you plan to work.

Top 3 Things You Can Do as a Speech Language Pathologist (SLP)

Speech language pathology is a specialized occupation, but certified speech-language pathologists can serve different kinds of clients in a range of settings.

Speech language pathologists are often needed in schools, hospitals, research centers, and rehabilitation facilities. They may be employed by community mental health agencies as well.

1. School Speech Therapist

Most school districts employ full-time speech therapists to help identified students with special needs improve vocalization and expressive speech or overcome impediments, such as stuttering.

Educational speech therapists’ responsibilities can include evaluating students, developing treatment or intervention plans, and providing one-on-one speech language therapy. They may also collaborate regularly with teachers, school psychologists, and school nurses, assisting in evaluating student progress and recommending helpful interventions.

2. Occupational Therapist

Some speech language pathologists work in a medical setting, such as a hospital or rehabilitation center, providing therapy and other rehabilitation services.

They can work alongside doctors, physical therapists, and occupational therapists, assessing patient needs and helping patients manage a speech disorder resulting from an illness or injury.

3. Audiologist

Audiologists work in a specialized branch of speech language pathology. Audiologists study the impact of hearing deficits on speech and use their specialized training to work with patients who are deaf or hearing impaired.

They can work alongside special education staff in a school setting, work in a school for the deaf and blind, or work in any number of community health agencies or medical settings.

Speech Pathology Specialty Areas

Speech disorders can impact speech acquisition and can stem from hearing impediments or from medical conditions and aging. So, there are many areas of specialized learning and practice within the field of speech language pathology.

• Speech Fluency and Fluency Disorders . This branch of speech language pathology is focused on helping patients communicate more confidently and overcome vocalization deficits or fluency disorders, such as stammering or stuttering.
• Audiology . Since hearing and discerning vocal sounds is directly related to speech function, some speech pathologists specialize in the study of audiology and commonly help prescribe hearing devices or provide speech therapy for deaf or hard-of-hearing patients.
• Educational Speech Therapist . An educational speech therapist specializes in childhood speech development, language acquisition, speech enunciation and vocalization, and emotional, physiological, and neurological factors impacting speech and  language development.
• Medical Speech Pathology . This branch of speech language pathology focuses on medical and neurological conditions related to illness, aging, and injuries, and the practitioner’s role may include evaluating, diagnosing, and treating communication disorders in medical settings.

In your speech language pathology coursework, you’ll likely be introduced to all of these areas of practice, but you can choose to obtain specialized certification and training as well.

Speech Pathology Careers & Salaries

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , someone interested in speech language pathology careers can pursue many job opportunities by specializing in SLP. Graduates may also prepare for similar jobs in related fields, such as physical therapist, health educator, or special education teacher.

Certified speech-language pathologists can pursue many well-paid jobs in diverse settings, so it’s possible that you may find the right role for your professional interests and goals.

Speech Pathology Internship Opportunities

Graduate programs in speech language pathology typically require a supervised clinical experience, a component of your training that can pose some challenges while offering you many unique benefits.

• Finding an internship . Some graduate programs have a network of internship providers that makes it easy to find an internship. Otherwise, you can try connecting with a professional SLP association, such as ASHA, for help finding internship opportunities.
• Career exploration . If you’re able to find an internship in a setting you want to explore, your internship can be an opportunity to experience life on the job in a setting that interests you, such as a hospital, social service agency, or school.
• Work experience . A unique benefit of an internship can be the chance to supplement your academic study with hands-on supervised clinical experience and training opportunities you can’t replicate in the classroom.
• Making the most of your internship opportunity . Once you land an internship, it’s helpful to listen carefully to what your supervisors expect from you. You can also respectfully communicate your own internship goals in order to help get the best outcome possible.

Internships may pose some challenges, but they’re also a great way to get valuable training and start building your professional network and professional resume!

Accreditation

When choosing an on-campus or online graduate speech-language pathology program, our recommendation is to choose a regionally accredited university.

Since schools have to earn accreditation from an independent, third-party entity, choosing an accredited school can help ensure the high quality of the educational content and services you’ll receive for your tuition dollars.

Regional accreditation also helps ensure that your graduate degree, course credits, and learning experiences will be honored by prospective employers, state licensing boards, and other universities.

An accreditation organization such as the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) can provide you with more information on finding accredited schools.

CAA Accreditation for SLP Programs

Specialized and curriculum-specific accreditation, called programmatic accreditation, exists for educational programs that prepare professionals in any number of fields.

Programmatic accreditation can be important when you’re planning to work in a highly regulated profession, where up-to-date professional knowledge and ethical standards are of paramount concern to employers.

For speech language pathology programs, programmatic accreditation is offered by The Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA) of the American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA).

Looking for CAA-ASHA accreditation is one strategy for finding top-tier SLP graduate education and training programs. Enrolling in an CAA-ASHA accredited program may prove beneficial when you’re trying to qualify for your professional licensure or certification.

What Is a Speech Language Pathologist (SLP)?

A speech language pathologist is a trained medical practitioner who helps diagnose, assess, and treat various speech challenges.

Speech challenges can include communication and swallowing disorders, speech fluency or vocalization impediments, and specific speech impediments like stammering or stuttering. Speech language pathologists specializing in audiology often work with the deaf and hard of hearing.

SLP practitioners who work primarily to support patients with treatment or rehabilitation may be referred to as speech therapists. Speech therapists can work with elderly patients whose speech function is affected by illness or aging, or they may work in a medical setting or rehabilitation facility.

They often find work in schools as well, helping students with fluency, vocalization, or other specific speech impediments.

Is It Hard to Become a Speech Pathologist?

Becoming a speech pathologist means getting a master’s degree in an accredited speech language pathology program. Sometimes an SLP will also pursue a PhD for additional specialization or to engage in more advanced research.

To graduate from your master’s program, you’ll usually take foundational courses in speech language pathology to learn about common communication disorders and their diagnosis and treatments. You may also study audiology and the science of hearing and speech, including pediatric audiology, rehabilitation audiology, and communication science.

Some courses are likely to include the study of neurology as it relates to speech while other courses may cover aphasia and voice disorders. Becoming a certified SLP also involves supervised internships, licensing examinations, and other licensing board requirements that can vary from state to state.

What Does a Speech Pathologist Do?

Speech pathologists help people of all ages with communication disorders. Common roles of an SLP include helping patients with rehabilitation needs due to conditions impacting speech, hearing, or communication and swallowing disorders. Speech pathologists also help children or adults with speech fluency and vocalization challenges.

Some speech pathologists specialize in audiology and work with the hard of hearing, assisting them with hearing rehabilitation or speech challenges that resulted from hearing loss or deafness.

Specific roles include working in SLP research and science, diagnosing and assessing speech conditions and disorders, and providing speech therapy directly to patients.

Is a Speech Pathologist a Doctor?

Speech language pathologists are licensed medical professionals. So, in some settings patients or colleagues might refer to them with the title “doctor,” but they’re not actually medical doctors (MDs).

That said, if SLPs decide to earn a PhD in Speech Pathology, they have earned the right to be called “doctor” as an expert in their field. They are still not an MD, though.

In the case of an SLP practitioner, getting a PhD does not denote the kind of intensive medical training and preparation that a medical doctor undergoes. Instead, a PhD degree usually means the SLP has chosen to engage in advanced academic study and research.

Where Do Speech Pathologists Work?

If you become a licensed practitioner, you can elect to pursue jobs in any number of work settings.

Many speech pathologists work in hospitals or clinics or work for community health agencies that partner with healthcare facilities. Others provide services to patients in elder care settings or in rehabilitation facilities, where patients of all ages may need speech therapy or related treatments due to illness or injury.

Some SLP practitioners work in school settings, supporting teachers and school psychologists or helping designated students with speech and language development, speech acquisition, or speech impediments. A medical speech pathology specialist in a school setting can also help schools identify communication disorders and develop treatment plans.

How Much Does a Speech Pathologist Make?

How much you make as a  professional in this field will likely depend on your level of training and education, your work history, and your areas of specialization.

If you provide routine speech and language therapy services in a school setting you might earn what other special education teachers earn, which is an average salary of$61,030 (Bureau of Labor Statistics).

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average annual salary for audiologists is $77,600, and the average salary for speech-language pathologists is $79,120. If you go on to earn a doctoral degree and are engaged in specialized research or advanced medical practice or consulting, you might have an even higher earning potential.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Speech Pathologist?

The road to becoming a practicing professional typically involves graduating from an accredited master’s degree program in speech language pathology. So, you’d first have to earn your bachelors degree, which takes an average of 4 years to complete.

A master’s program in speech language pathology may take another 1 to 2 years for most people. How long you’ll need to become an SLP can depend on your specific college programs and how long it takes you to obtain the required degrees.

Another consideration is the time it will take to complete internships, other licensing requirements, and any additional fellowships in order to obtain licensure and any certifications from your state board.

What Is the Difference Between a Speech Therapist vs. Speech Pathologist?

Speech therapists are trained speech pathologists. Sometimes the titles may be used interchangeably.

In many settings, such as schools and rehabilitation centers, an SLP will often be referred to as a speech therapist if their main responsibility is to provide direct support services and interventions to students or patients.

Some SLPs may have the skills needed to provide direct therapy to patients. Speech pathologists can also serve in other roles, such as doing research in their field or focusing on diagnosing and assessing speech disorders.

What Is the Difference Between Audiology vs. Speech Pathology?

Audiology is often designated as a specialization within the study of speech-language pathology. If you elect to specialize in audiology, you can learn about hearing disorders and related speech disorders and therapies.

You can also learn about working with people who are deaf or have suffered from hearing loss. Some roles of an audiologist include helping patients with hearing devices and helping patients overcome speech challenges related to a hearing deficit.

Is Becoming a Speech Pathologist Worth It?

Yes, getting a graduate degree in speech-language pathology is worth it for many students. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is projecting 25% job growth for speech-language pathologists through the next ten years, much faster than the average for all occupations.

Common careers in this field include speech language pathologist and speech therapist, audiologist, occupational therapist, and occupational therapy assistant. Becoming a certified speech-language pathologist can open doors to well-paying job opportunities in a rapidly growing, in-demand field.

As a qualified speech language pathologist or speech therapist, you may pursue job opportunities in schools, hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centers, research institutes, and community health organizations. So, a number of professionals find that speech pathology is worth it as a career.

Getting Your Speech Pathology Degree Online

With an astounding 15% job growth forecast for the healthcare industry in the coming years (Bureau of Labor Statistics), now may be a strategic time to get a masters degree in speech-language pathology.

There are many accredited online programs that help by offering flexibility, allowing you to earn your degree at your own pace and according to your own schedule. You are likely to find many accredited online masters programs ready to help you get started today.

How to Become a Speech-Language Pathologist

Industry Advice Healthcare

Speech-language pathology (SLP) consistently ranks as one of the most fulfilling and desirable jobs for many reasons. Not only do SLPs enjoy significant job stability, high pay , and a variety of career advancement options, they also play a direct role in improving the lives and wellbeing of their patients. 

If you’re interested in becoming a speech-language pathologist, you should begin by understanding the steps required to start working as an SLP. We define and discuss each of these steps below. 

How to Become an SLP

To become a speech-language pathologist, you will need to:

• Earn a bachelor’s degree in a related field
• Earn a Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology
• Pass the Praxis Examination in Speech-Language Pathology
• Complete your clinical fellowship 
• Obtain licensure and certification

Interested in a Speech-Language Pathology Career?

Learn how an SLP degree can give you the skills you need to make a difference in educational and healthcare settings.

Steps to Becoming a Speech-Language Pathologist

1. complete a bachelor’s degree in a related field..

To become a speech-language pathologist, you will ultimately need to complete a graduate degree in the field. But the first step toward starting your career as an SLP will be to complete an undergraduate degree that will prepare you for graduate education.

Two undergraduate degrees closely aligned with the field include the Bachelor of Science in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and the Bachelor of Science in Communication Sciences and Disorders. These programs are an excellent option for anyone who knows early on that they would like to pursue a career in speech-language pathology. 

However, other degrees (such as a bachelor’s degree in education, psychology, or linguistics) can also prepare you for your eventual graduate education, especially if paired with a relevant concentration. At Northeastern, for example, undergraduate students may complete a Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) minor or a Clinical Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology (SLPA) minor. 

2. Complete a master’s degree in speech-language pathology.

Once you have completed your undergraduate degree, your next step will be to enroll in a graduate program accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA). 

Some common program titles include Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology or Master of Science in Communication Science and Disorders. At Northeastern, we offer an MS in Speech-Language Pathology. 

While the exact curriculum will vary from program to program, most graduate programs in speech-language pathology include 60 credit hours of material. This curriculum consists of both academic and clinical work, allowing students to learn about key concepts such as speech-language disorders, articulation, phonology, dysphagia, etc., while also putting those lessons into practice in a clinical setting. 

Each graduate program will have its own prerequisites, which you will need to complete before enrolling. For example, At Northeastern, students must complete five prerequisite undergraduate courses before enrolling in the MS in Speech-Language Pathology program. These include: 

• Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism
• Introduction to Audiology
• Introduction to Speech and Hearing Science
• Language Development

If you have completed a relevant undergraduate degree, as mentioned above, then you will likely find that you have completed the necessary prerequisite courses. 

3. Pass the Praxis Examination in Speech-Language Pathology.

To earn licensure in many states, you will first need to pass the Praxis 2 Examination in Speech-Language Pathology administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). 

To pass, you must earn a minimum score of at least 162. The test includes material about the foundations of speech-language pathology, screening and assessment of patients, etiology, planning and implementation of treatment, and more. The exam is offered at test centers throughout the country on multiple dates throughout the year. 

You can take the exam at any time that you meet the requirements to do so. Many students will take the Praxis exam in the last semester of their graduate program. Others will take it as soon as they graduate so that, if they were to fail, they would have time to retake the exam. 

It is worth noting that any of the organizations you may apply to for your clinical fellowship (below) may require a passing grade before they will accept your application. 

4. Complete your post-graduate clinical fellowship.

After completing your graduate degree, you need to complete a post-graduate clinical fellowship, which is a requirement for state licensure. As mentioned above, you can complete your clinical fellowship before you have passed the Praxis if you choose. 

Post-graduate fellowship requirements can vary from state to state. However, many states have modeled their clinical fellowship requirements to match the requirements needed to earn the Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC-SLP) credential through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). To qualify for the CCC-SLP, your fellowship must meet the following requirements:

• Be overseen and mentored by an ASHA-certified SLP for the duration of the fellowship
• Be at least 1,260 hours in length, typically accrued over at least 36 weeks (35 hours per week)
• Have at least 80 percent of your clinical experience involving direct clinical contact with patients

Depending on the state in which you wish to complete your fellowship, you may or may not need to apply for a temporary license. Check with your state’s speech-language pathology and audiology board to understand whether or not this will be required.  

5. Obtain state licensure and ASHA certification.

Upon completing your fellowship, you should find yourself eligible to apply for state licensure, which you will need to practice. Licensing requirements and processes will vary by state, sometimes significantly, so it is important to check with your state’s speech-language pathology and audiology board.

It is also important to note that you will need to apply for licensure in any state you wish to practice. This means that if you live in a border region (for example, the Connecticut and Massachusetts border) and wish to practice in both states, you will need to ensure that you meet the requirements for both. 

Many SLPs will also apply for accreditation through ASHA at the same time as they apply for state licensure, specifically, the Speech-Language Pathology Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC-SLP). Generally speaking, even if certification is not required, it is recommended that you apply for and maintain it, as it is an important professional achievement.

“This is considered to be the gold standard certification internationally,” says Susan Fine, Director of Clinical Education at Northeastern’s MS in Speech-Language Pathology program . “Once you’ve earned your CCC-SLP, it’ll set you up for a number of great work opportunities both domestically and abroad and can open many doors in your career.”

Because many states model their licensing requirements on ASHA’s qualifications, you may find that you qualify for certification at the same time as you earn your license. You may, however, need to complete additional requirements. 

6. Continue to advance.

While it can be tempting to rest on your laurels once you have earned your license, it’s important to continue your education as you advance your career.

Many states require SLPs to complete a certain number of continuing education hours to maintain licensure. ASHA also requires continuing education to be completed in order to keep your certification. 

Even in cases where this is not a requirement, pushing yourself to complete additional coursework will empower you to stay on top of trends and developments in the field. The end result is that you will be more effective in treating your patients.

Choosing the Right Program for Your Needs

Earning your Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology will prove to be one of the most important steps in becoming an SLP. Through this education, you will learn the concepts, skills, and frameworks necessary to perform your job well, and it is also through this education that you will begin to gain hands-on experience that you’ll leverage throughout your career. 

“Our students have the opportunity to gain a wide range of clinical experiences,” Fine says. “We have excellent clinical training settings in our program. Our students get trained across the lifespan. They complete a minimum of four clinical rotations, initially in our state-of-the-art campus clinic, Northeastern University Speech-Language and Hearing Center . Students continue with their clinical training within the greater Boston area in a variety of settings, including schools, early intervention programs, inpatient acute care, rehabilitation hospitals, and specialized outpatient practices.” 

Interested in becoming a Speech-Language Pathologist? Learn more about the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northeastern University.

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How To Become a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the job outlook for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is strong and will grow 19% from 2022 to 2032, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. It further reports that the median income for SLPs is $84,140. 1

Both statistics are encouraging news if you are looking to build a career as a speech-language pathologist, and are worth considering while you develop your understanding of the role and whether it is a good fit for you.

Speech-language pathologists work with people who are striving to enhance their language and communication skills. They can serve a wide range of populations, from people with speech disorders like dysarthria to those with language disorders like aphasia.

According to the Mayo Clinic, an estimated 5-10% of Americans have a communication disorder. 2 Other factors, such as traumatic brain injury, developmental disabilities, or autism spectrum disorder, can further compound the challenges that clients face.

By pursuing a career in speech-language pathology, you can help patients improve speech, treat swallowing issues, and foster the development of social communication skills. In other words, speech-language pathologists can significantly impact their clients and improve their lives.

Educational Requirements to Become an SLP

Common undergraduate degrees for individuals planning to attend graduate school for speech-language pathology include Bachelor of Science in Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, Bachelor of Science in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD), and Bachelor of Science in Speech-Language Pathology.

Master’s degree candidates can also come from majors that are outside of CSD but are in related fields, such as education, psychology, or linguistics. Bachelor’s programs that you’re interested in might also offer CSD as a minor. If you choose a bachelor’s program outside of CSD, keep in mind that master’s programs may require you to take extra prerequisite classes before you begin graduate work.

After obtaining your bachelor’s degree, you’ll need a master’s degree to become a speech-language pathologist. Additional licensing is mandatory in all states, with specific requirements differing but commonly involving clinical experience and successful completion of an examination.

Master’s degree programs typically require an undergraduate GPA of at least 3.0. While many master’s programs may require you to take the GRE or GMAT, some speech-language pathology programs do not.

What Licensing and SLP Certifications Do You Need?

You should confirm that your master’s program is accredited by the CAA and prepares graduates to earn the Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and any additional state licensure. Additionally, ASHA offers distinction as a Board Certified Specialist (BCS) to a practitioner who “demonstrates advanced knowledge, skills, and experience in a specified area of practice.” 3

BCS certifications are not required for practice, however you may choose to pursue a specialty certification after you have been in practice for a few years.

What is the Praxis exam?

In order to obtain your Certificate of Clinical Competence from ASHA, you will need to pass the Speech Language Pathology Praxis exam.

The Praxis exam structure varies based on the specific test being taken, as there are different Praxis tests for various fields and professions. Content is designed to assess candidates’ knowledge, skills, and competencies relevant to their chosen profession or field of study.

Praxis exams often serve as a component of state-specific certification requirements for educators, administrators, and other professionals, and some states may have their own additional requirements beyond the Praxis exams, such as specific coursework, student teaching experience, or background checks. Understanding and meeting these state-specific certification requirements is crucial for candidates seeking licensure or certification in a particular state.

Clinical Practicums and Internships

Graduate programs also include time spent in clinical practicums. Commonly referred to as externships or internships in speech-language pathology, clinical practicums are a set number of required hours for you to be engaged in direct patient/client interactions. This time with patients is a transitional framework to guide students through real-time therapeutic processes including, but not limited to:

• Analyzing challenges and develop targeted intervention plans
• Adapting to changes in treatment strategies
• Working collaboratively with other professionals in multidisciplinary teams
• Managing caseloads efficiently
• Fostering a positive and motivating therapy environment
• Respecting cultural diversity in communication styles
• Upholding ethical standards in client confidentiality and professional conduct
• Coping with emotional aspects of the job
• Staying curious and open to new research and developments
• Maintaining a constructive and optimistic outlook in therapy sessions
• Encouraging clients

These experiences can span various treatment areas, including:

• Articulation
• Voice and resonance
• Expressive/receptive language
• Aural Rehabilitation
• Cognitive aspects of communication
• Social aspects of communication
• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)

Specialization Coursework and Certifications

An additional educational step to consider is that after becoming licensed, many SLPs continue their professional development with other certifications that allow them to specialize in helping specific populations.

If you want to make room for career advancement in the field of speech-language pathology and define your SLP career path, SLP specializations can improve your employment outlook, enhance your earning potential, and most importantly, allow you to focus on an area of practice that you are passionate about and demonstrate excellence in.

There are three types of Board Certified Specialist (BCS) certifications for SLPs, each awarded by independent boards that ASHA has approved:

• American Board of Child Language and Language Disorders — Board Certified as a Specialist in Child Language (BCS-CL)
• American Board of Fluency and Fluency Disorders — Board Certified Specialist in Fluency (BCS-F)
• American Board of Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders — Board Certified Specialist in Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (BCS-S)

SLPs can also supplement their skillsets by learning techniques that help a specific kind of client. Many of them are cost-efficient and can be completed online or in workshops. These include:

• AAC Institute — Certification in Augmentative and Alternative Communication
• Lee Silverman Voice Treatment for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease or Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
• Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets (PROMPT)
• Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

You can learn more about specializations in the speech-language pathology field here.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Speech-Language Pathologist?

Undergraduate programs typically take four to five years, while most speech-language pathology graduate programs range from 20 months to five semesters. If you factor in 9 months to complete any fellowship, take the Praxis exams, and obtain certification and licensure, then the full time frame to become a speech-language pathologist is approximately six to eight years. Continuing education will also be required throughout your career to maintain your licenses.

How Do You Choose the Right SLP Graduate Program?

Choosing any direction of study should be based on your career goals and defined skill sets, but there are other logistics to consider. When choosing a speech-language pathology program, you should:

• Cross-reference your bachelor’s degree to determine if the program meets your needed prerequisites
• Confirm that the program/institution is accredited by CAA
• Check that the curriculum and outcomes prepare graduates to earn the Certificate of Clinical Competence from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and any additional state licensure

A Career as a Speech-Language Pathologist

As a speech-language pathologist, you can have a positive impact in settings such as education, private practice, hospitals, or nursing and residential care facilities. Most speech-language pathologists work full time, but part-time work is also common.

Above and beyond the clinical skills required for this career, a soft skill set is also beneficial to excel in the speech-language pathology field. As an SLP, you should be able to:

• Demonstrate genuine care for clients
• Adapt communication styles based on individual needs
• Adjust therapy plans based on client progress
• Detail-oriented in assessing speech and language patterns
• Work collaboratively with other professionals in multidisciplinary teams
• Manage caseloads efficiently
• Foster a positive and motivating therapy environment
• Respect cultural diversity in communication styles
• Uphold ethical standards in client confidentiality and professional conduct
• Cope with emotional aspects of the job
• Stay curious and open to new research and developments

What Are the Steps to Getting Started in Speech-Language Pathology?

• Research the career and the skillsets needed to excel
• Pursue an undergraduate degree that can prepare you for your next steps

An online Bachelor of Science in Speech Language and Hearing Sciences from Bradley University is a great way to lay the foundation for a career in speech-language pathology and explore the profession.

You can learn more about the educational requirements by speaking with a member of our enrollment team. Contact us today to get started on this exciting journey.

• U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics – Speech-Language Pathology Job Outlook
• Mayo Clinic Health Systems
• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
• #5 Among Regional Universities (Midwest) – U.S. News & World Report: Best Colleges (2021)
• #5 Best Value Schools, Regional Universities (Midwest) – U.S. News & World Report (2019)
• Bradley Ranked Among Nation’s Best Universities – The Princeton Review: The Best 384 Colleges (2019). Only 15% of all four-year colleges receive this distinction each year, and Bradley has regularly been included on the list.
• Bradley University has been named a Military Friendly School – a designation honoring the top 20% of colleges, universities and trade schools nationwide that are doing the most to embrace U.S. military service members, veterans and spouses to ensure their success as students.

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Teach.com / Careers / Careers in Healthcare / Become a Speech Pathologist

How to Become a Speech Therapist

Most people think of overcoming speech impediments when they think of speech-language pathology, but the profession of speech therapy or, as it’s commonly called, speech-language pathology, goes much deeper than that. Fluency, the ability to express thoughts and ideas, understanding others or even swallowing properly are all issues that speech therapists might assess, diagnose and treat.

And these are not insignificant challenges. Trouble communicating makes it difficult to pick up new information in and outside the classroom. It makes forming relationships hard, and in the case of swallowing disorders, it disrupts social interactions.

Speech therapists help prevent communication disorders early on and identify at-risk students, assess and evaluate communication skills in students and develop individualized education programs for those who need them. With how crucial speech-language pathologists are to education, many SLPs opt to pursue career opportunities within school systems.

What Is a Speech Pathologist?

Speech pathologists, also called speech-language pathologists (SLPs) or speech therapists, are professionals who work with people of all ages to improve communication techniques and treat swallowing disorders, among many other job responsibilities.

Speech pathologists practice in a variety of settings including, but not limited to, independent practices, doctor’s offices, schools, hospitals and residential health care facilities like nursing homes.

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Want to Become an SLP? Earn an MS Online at NYU

NYU Steinhardt’s online master of science program in Communicative Sciences and Disorders prepares aspiring speech-language pathologists with a comprehensive professional education.

• Prepares students to pursue SLP licensure 
• Accredited by ASHA’s Council on Academic Accreditation 
• As few as six terms to complete 
• Full-time and part-time plans of study

Steps to Becoming a Speech Pathologist

There are three common steps that aspiring speech therapists can take to become a practicing SLP. Below, we have outlined the process:

To begin, aspiring professionals can pursue a bachelor’s degree from a reputable higher education institution. Although it is common for speech-language pathologists to come from a wide variety of backgrounds, it doesn’t hurt to demonstrate interest in the field by earning a degree related to speech therapy. A few examples of common undergraduate majors for aspiring speech-language pathologists are communication sciences and disorders, linguistics, language development, education, psychology and English.

In a majority of states—whether you’re employed in a clinical or a school environment— a master’s degree in speech-language pathology accredited by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is an essential requirement for individuals pursuing a career as a speech therapist.  Master’s programs typically are paired with clinical or internship experiences to ensure that students are getting a well-rounded and practical learning experience. Coursework might cover language development, and anatomy and physiology, among various other topics. Many working professionals opt for online speech pathology programs to earn an advanced degree without having to relocate or compromise their work schedule and income.

SLPs must be licensed to practice, a process that varies by state and requires supervised clinical experience. For SLPS who want to work in schools, a teaching certification may also be necessary , depending on the state.

Interested in becoming a speech-language pathologist? Read more about earning a master’s in speech-language pathology (SLP) .

Speech-Language Pathologist Salary Information

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for speech-language pathologists in 2022 was $84,140 . Those who worked in educational services (state, local and private) earned a median annual salary of $77,310.

Salary prospects for speech therapists depend on several factors, including the geographical area of their practice, the extent of their experience in the field and the particular work setting in which they are employed.

Demand for Speech-Language Pathologists

Employment of speech-language pathologists is expected to grow 19% from 2022 to 2032 , which is considerably faster than the average growth rate for all occupations.

As of May 2022, the states with the highest employment levels of SLPs are California, Texas, New York, Illinois and Florida.

Last Updated August 2023.

How to Become a Speech Therapist (Speak Fluent Future!)

If you’ve ever dreamed of helping people overcome their speech and communication challenges or wondered what it takes to become a speech therapist, you’re in the right place.

In this guide, we’ll explore the EXACT steps you need to take to launch your career as a speech therapist. We’ll talk about:

• The skills you need.
• The education that can help you get there.
• How to land a job as a speech therapist.

So, whether you’re a beginner in the healthcare field or a seasoned professional looking to specialize, stay tuned.

We’re about to unravel the blueprint to become a speech therapist.

Let’s get started!

Steps to Become a Speech Therapist

Step 1: research the speech therapy field.

Before diving into the speech therapy profession, it is essential to do comprehensive research about the field.

Start by understanding what speech therapists do on a day-to-day basis, the different conditions they treat, and the type of patients they work with.

This could range from children with speech and language delays, to adults recovering from strokes, or individuals with voice disorders.

Consider the environments where speech therapists work.

They may be employed in various settings such as schools, private practices, hospitals, or rehabilitation centers.

Understanding this will help you determine if this role aligns with your interests and career goals.

It is also essential to research the challenges and rewards associated with this profession.

For instance, while it can be fulfilling to help individuals communicate more effectively, the job may also require dealing with emotionally charged situations or patients with severe conditions.

Finally, understand the academic and licensing requirements necessary to become a speech therapist.

In most cases, a Master’s degree in Speech-Language Pathology is required, along with supervised clinical experience and passing a national examination.

It is also beneficial to be aware of ongoing education requirements to maintain your license and stay current in this rapidly evolving field.

Step 2: Obtain a Bachelor’s Degree in Communication Sciences and Disorders or a Related Field

To become a Speech Therapist, earning a bachelor’s degree in Communication Sciences and Disorders or a related field is a crucial step.

This four-year degree will provide you with a fundamental understanding of human communication, its development, and its disorders.

Courses you might take include phonetics, anatomy, psychology, language development and disorders, audiology, and neurology.

During your bachelor’s program, you’ll learn about various speech and language disorders, how to diagnose them, and some basic treatment strategies.

The curriculum will generally include a mix of theory and practical application.

You may also have opportunities to observe professional speech therapists at work during your studies.

The completion of your bachelor’s degree is a prerequisite for applying to graduate programs in Speech-Language Pathology, which is the next step in becoming a Speech Therapist.

If you’re passionate about helping people improve their communication abilities, this could be the right career path for you.

Step 3: Volunteer or Work with Speech-Impaired Individuals

Gaining practical experience with individuals who have speech and communication disorders is a crucial part of becoming a speech therapist.

This may be in the form of volunteering or paid work in clinics, hospitals, schools, or rehabilitation centers.

Such experiences not only provide a hands-on understanding of the challenges faced by individuals with speech impairments but also help you develop essential skills like patience, empathy, and creativity in therapy approaches.

If you’re still in school, consider internships or work-study programs that allow you to work with speech-impaired individuals.

You can also volunteer at local health centers or special education schools.

These experiences will give you a chance to observe and learn from professionals in the field and understand the practical aspects of the job.

Remember, this step is not just about gaining experience, but also about building a network of professionals who can guide you and possibly provide job references in the future.

Your interactions with these individuals will also help you determine the age group or the type of speech disorders you would like to specialize in as a speech therapist.

Step 4: Complete a Council on Academic Accreditation (CAA)-Accredited Master’s Degree Program

After completing your undergraduate studies, the next step to becoming a Speech Therapist is to enroll in a master’s degree program that is accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA).

This program will offer comprehensive training in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of speech, language, cognitive-communication, voice, swallowing, and fluency disorders.

During your master’s studies, you will cover topics such as anatomy, physiology, and development of areas of the body involved in speech, language, and hearing; normal and abnormal communication development; the nature of speech and language disorders and differences, including their etiology, characteristics, and the principles and methods of prevention, assessment, and intervention.

You will also gain practical experience through clinical practicum experiences supervised by licensed and certified speech-language pathologists.

This will provide you with hands-on practice in assessing and treating individuals with communication disorders across the lifespan, and in various service delivery settings.

Choosing a CAA-accredited program is crucial as it ensures the program meets the highest standard of education, and it is typically a prerequisite for state licensure and professional certification.

This step is vital in your journey to becoming a Speech Therapist as it equips you with the necessary knowledge and skills needed in this specialized field.

Step 5: Complete Supervised Clinical Experience

Once you’ve completed your academic studies, the next step to becoming a Speech Therapist is gaining practical experience in the field.

This can be achieved by completing supervised clinical experience, also known as a clinical fellowship, which usually lasts about nine months.

During your clinical fellowship, you’ll work under the supervision of a licensed and experienced Speech Therapist.

This real-world training provides you with the opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills you’ve learned in your studies to actual patient care.

You will work with clients of all ages, from children to adults, and with various speech, voice, and language disorders.

This experience will allow you to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and rewards associated with this profession.

Remember that your clinical fellowship is not just about gaining experience; it’s also about demonstrating your competence.

You’ll be expected to show your ability to plan, execute, and adjust treatment plans based on the needs of your clients and the outcomes of your interventions.

Once you successfully complete your clinical fellowship, you will be eligible to apply for state licensure and national certification in speech-language pathology.

This is a crucial step in your path to becoming a fully-qualified Speech Therapist.

Step 6: Pass the Praxis Examination in Speech-Language Pathology

After completing your graduate degree and gaining some clinical experience, the next step in becoming a licensed speech therapist is to pass the Praxis Examination in Speech-Language Pathology.

This is a standardized test that measures your knowledge and skills in the field of speech-language pathology.

The Praxis exam covers various areas such as fundamentals of speech and language development, speech and language disorders, swallowing disorders, audiology and hearing, and ethical and professional issues in the field.

It is important to thoroughly prepare for this examination, as it will test your understanding of all aspects of speech therapy.

There are a number of resources available to help you prepare for this examination, including study guides, practice tests, and review courses.

Be sure to take advantage of these resources to ensure that you are fully prepared.

Passing this exam is a crucial step in your journey to becoming a licensed speech therapist.

Once you have successfully passed the Praxis exam, you will be eligible to apply for licensure in your state, allowing you to practice as a certified speech therapist.

Always check with your state’s requirements as some may require additional exams or certifications.

Step 7: Obtain State Licensure and/or Certification

Once you’ve completed your graduate studies and supervised clinical experience, the next crucial step is obtaining your state licensure and/or certification.

Each state has its own requirements for licensure, but most require a master’s degree in speech-language pathology, completion of a clinical fellowship, and passing scores on the national examination in speech-language pathology.

The national examination is administered by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA).

It is designed to test your knowledge and skills in areas like speech and language development, disorders, assessment techniques, and treatment strategies.

After passing the national examination, you’re eligible to apply for a state license in speech-language pathology.

Make sure to check the specific requirements of your state.

Some states may have additional requirements, such as additional examinations or continuing education courses.

In addition to state licensure, you may also consider getting certified by ASHA to become a certified speech-language pathologist.

ASHA certification is not required to practice as a speech therapist, but it can enhance your credibility and increase your employment opportunities.

ASHA certification requirements are similar to state licensure requirements, including the completion of a master’s degree and supervised clinical experience, and passing the national examination.

Remember that maintaining your state licensure and ASHA certification requires ongoing continuing education to stay updated on the latest research, methods, and ethical standards in the field of speech-language pathology.

This commitment to lifelong learning is crucial to providing the best possible care to your clients.

Step 8: Begin Working as a Speech Therapist

Once you have your qualifications, licensing, and have successfully completed any clinical internships, it is time to start your career as a Speech Therapist.

You may choose to work in various settings such as schools, private clinics, hospitals, rehabilitation centers or even open your own private practice.

When beginning your career, it might be beneficial to start in a place where you can work under the supervision of an experienced Speech Therapist.

This will allow you to gain more hands-on experience and learn more about the practical aspects of the job.

Also, be prepared to continue learning throughout your career.

Speech therapy is a field that is always evolving with new research and techniques.

Hence, constant professional development and staying updated with the latest practices in the field is crucial.

Remember to always have patience and show empathy towards your clients.

Every individual you work with will have unique needs and progress at their own pace.

The journey of a Speech Therapist is rewarding but it requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and persistence.

Step 9: Choose a Specialization Within Speech Therapy

As you progress in your career and acquire experience, it’s important to think about specializing in a particular area of speech therapy.

This could be based on the type of clients you want to work with, the specific speech or language disorders you want to treat, or the setting in which you want to work.

For instance, you might choose to specialize in working with children, helping them overcome speech and language difficulties related to conditions like autism, stuttering, or developmental delays.

Alternatively, you might be more interested in working with adults who have speech or language problems resulting from strokes or other neurological conditions.

You could also focus on more specific areas like voice disorders, swallowing disorders or augmentative and alternative communication for individuals who are non-verbal.

Another important consideration is the setting you want to work in.

Speech therapists can work in a variety of settings, including schools, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and private practices.

You may find that you prefer one of these settings over the others.

Once you’ve chosen a specialization, it’s beneficial to seek additional training or certification in that area.

This can help you further develop your skills and make you more attractive to potential employers.

It’s also a good idea to join professional organizations related to your specialization, as they can provide opportunities for networking, professional development, and staying up-to-date on the latest research and techniques in your field.

Step 10: Engage in Continuing Education and Professional Development

As a speech therapist, your learning journey doesn’t end once you’ve completed your formal education and clinical fellowship.

With the field of speech and language pathology continually advancing, it’s important to stay updated with the latest research findings, therapeutic techniques, and technological advancements.

This is where continuing education and professional development play a crucial role.

Continuing education courses are typically offered by professional associations like the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA).

These courses cover various topics such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), dysphagia, voice disorders, and more.

You may also get opportunities to learn about new assessment tools and therapeutic approaches.

Additionally, consider attending conferences, workshops, and seminars.

These events allow you to connect with other professionals in the field, learn about emerging trends, and discuss current issues in speech therapy.

Remember, as a licensed speech therapist, you’re required to complete a certain number of continuing education units (CEUs) to maintain your licensure.

The requirements vary by state, so ensure to verify the specifics with your state’s regulatory board.

Professional development also includes seeking out opportunities to expand your clinical skills.

This could involve taking on challenging cases, collaborating with other healthcare professionals, or even earning additional certifications in specialized areas, such as pediatric dysphagia or fluency disorders.

Lastly, don’t underestimate the value of self-guided learning.

Reading professional journals, participating in online forums, and keeping abreast of new research can contribute significantly to your professional growth.

Remember, the ultimate goal is to provide the best care possible to your clients, and continual learning is a key aspect of achieving that.

Step 11: Join Professional Organizations

Joining professional organizations is a great way to network, continue your education, stay informed about industry developments, and advance in your career as a speech therapist.

Some of the renowned professional organizations in the field of speech therapy include the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), the National Speech & Language Therapy Center, and the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP).

These organizations often offer resources such as professional development courses, webinars, research updates, and job boards.

They also host conferences and events where you can meet and connect with other speech therapists, learn about the latest research and techniques in the field, and potentially even find your next job opportunity.

Being a member of such an organization not only helps you to stay updated but also demonstrates to employers your commitment and dedication to the field.

Having this on your resume can help you stand out in the competitive job market.

Consider your career goals, research each organization’s benefits, and decide which ones align best with your professional interests.

Remember, the aim is not just to join but to actively participate and contribute to these communities.

Step 12: Consider Pursuing a Doctoral Degree for Advanced Opportunities

If you are aiming for higher positions or wish to gain a deeper understanding and expertise in speech and language pathology, considering a doctoral degree might be beneficial.

By pursuing a doctoral degree, you can open doors to advanced opportunities, such as becoming a professor in a university, conducting research, or holding a leadership role in a healthcare institution.

There are various kinds of doctoral degrees you can pursue in the field of speech therapy.

A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Speech-Language Pathology is more research-oriented, while a clinical doctorate (SLPD or CScD) tends to focus more on practical, clinical skills and leadership in the field.

Choosing to pursue a doctoral degree is a big commitment, both in terms of time and finances.

Therefore, it is crucial to consider your long-term career goals, your interest in research or clinical practice, and your readiness for the commitment that a doctoral program requires.

You can also gain insights by speaking to professionals who have already completed their doctoral degrees in the field.

Remember, a doctoral degree is not a requirement to practice as a speech therapist, but it can definitely enhance your knowledge and open up advanced career opportunities.

Speech Therapist Roles and Responsibilities

Speech Therapists, also known as Speech-Language Pathologists, diagnose and treat communication and swallowing disorders in patients.

They work with individuals who have problems with speech sounds, voice, fluency, oral feeding, and cognitive-communication.

They have the following roles and responsibilities:

Assessment and Diagnosis

• Conduct assessments and diagnostic tests to identify speech, language, voice, and swallowing disorders.
• Interpret assessment results to determine the nature and extent of communication problems.

Treatment Planning

• Develop personalized treatment plans that meet each patient’s unique needs.
• Use various therapy techniques and tools to treat communication disorders.

Therapy Implementation

• Implement therapy plans and adapt therapy to the patient’s progress.
• Use therapeutic exercises, equipment, and other techniques to improve communication skills.

Progress Monitoring

• Monitor and document patient’s progress throughout therapy.
• Modify treatment plans as needed based on patient’s progress.

Family and Caregiver Education

• Educate families and caregivers about communication disorders and therapy strategies.
• Provide strategies for communicating effectively with the patient at home.

Collaboration

• Collaborate with teachers, psychologists, physiotherapists, and other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care.
• Keep up-to-date with latest research and advancements in speech and language pathology.
• Apply new research findings and techniques in therapy.

Documentation

• Prepare and maintain patient records, progress reports, and other administrative documents.
• Document and communicate therapy outcomes and patient progress.

Communication

• Communicate effectively with patients, families, and other healthcare professionals.
• Explain complex conditions and treatment plans in understandable terms.

Continuing Education

• Participate in continuing education activities to improve knowledge and skills.
• Stay updated on the latest best practices in speech-language pathology.

What Does a Speech Therapist Do?

Speech Therapists, also known as Speech-Language Pathologists, specialize in diagnosing and treating communication and swallowing disorders in patients of all ages.

They work with individuals who have various conditions, such as speech delays, stuttering, voice disorders, articulation disorders, aphasia, swallowing disorders, or cognitive-communication disorders.

These conditions may be due to a variety of reasons, including stroke, brain injury, developmental delays, or genetic disorders.

Speech Therapists assess, diagnose, and create individualized treatment plans for their patients.

Treatment strategies can include exercises to strengthen the muscles used for speech, speech drills to improve clarity, or sound production practice to improve articulation.

They also use special tools and technologies, such as alternative communication devices or apps, to assist individuals who have severe communication disorders.

Additionally, Speech Therapists provide advice and education to family members and caregivers on how to cope with communication and swallowing disorders, and they collaborate with other professionals, such as occupational therapists, physical therapists, and teachers, to provide holistic care to their patients.

Essential Speech Therapist Skills

• Communication: Speech therapists work with individuals who have speech and language disorders, so clear and concise communication is crucial. The therapist must be capable of translating complex speech concepts into understandable terms for their patients.
• Active Listening: The ability to listen attentively to the concerns and needs of patients is essential. This helps in creating personalized therapy plans and ensuring effective treatment.
• Patience: Progress can be slow and challenging in speech therapy. Therapists need a lot of patience to encourage and support their patients during the entire therapy process.
• Problem-solving: Speech therapists must identify the root cause of speech and language difficulties and devise creative strategies to address them. This involves a good understanding of human anatomy, especially the areas related to speech and hearing.
• Empathy: The ability to empathize with patients who are facing communication difficulties is vital. This helps in building a trusting relationship, which is key for successful therapy.
• Knowledge of Speech and Language Disorders: A thorough understanding of various speech and language disorders, their symptoms, and treatment approaches is crucial. This includes conditions like stuttering, aphasia, and voice disorders.
• Record Keeping: The ability to maintain accurate and detailed records of patient progress is important. This not only aids in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment but is also necessary for insurance purposes.
• Interpersonal Skills: Speech therapists work closely with patients and their families. They must be able to foster positive relationships and work collaboratively with others involved in the patient’s care.
• Knowledge of Therapy Techniques: There are many different techniques used in speech therapy, ranging from articulation therapy to language intervention. Therapists should be proficient in these techniques to provide the most effective treatment.
• Flexibility: Every patient is unique, so therapists need to be flexible in their approach. They should be ready to adapt their therapy plans based on the individual needs and progress of each patient.
• Attention to Detail: Small changes in a patient’s speech or behavior can provide important clues about their progress. Thus, being attentive to these details is key.
• Teaching Skills: Speech therapists often need to teach patients how to make sounds, improve their voices, or increase their oral language skills for communication. Therefore, having strong teaching skills is important.

Speech Therapist Career Path Progression

The foundation: graduate speech therapist.

Your journey in the field of speech therapy typically begins as a Graduate Speech Therapist.

At this stage, you are eager to apply your academic knowledge to real-world cases.

You will likely be working under the supervision of a licensed therapist, conducting evaluations and implementing treatment plans.

Here are some tips for success in this role:

• Hands-On Experience: Apply your theoretical knowledge to handle real cases and gain practical experience.
• Seek Guidance: Don’t shy away from asking questions and seeking help from your supervisors or more experienced colleagues.
• Continuing Education: Stay abreast of the latest research and developments in speech and language pathology.

The Ascent: Licensed Speech Therapist

After gaining sufficient experience and obtaining your license, you transition into the role of a Licensed Speech Therapist.

Here, you will independently handle more complex cases, design individualized therapy plans, and track patient progress.

To thrive in this stage:

• Communication Skills: Enhance your communication skills to clearly explain treatment plans to patients and their families.
• Empathy: Show compassion towards patients and their struggles to build a trustworthy relationship.
• Problem Solving: Develop problem-solving skills to create effective treatment strategies for varied speech and language disorders.

Reaching New Heights: Senior Speech Therapist

As a Senior Speech Therapist, you are recognized for your expertise and clinical skills.

At this stage, you may take on more responsibilities such as supervising junior therapists, conducting research, or specializing in specific disorders.

To excel in this role:

• Mentorship: Share your expertise and experiences with junior therapists to help them grow in their careers.
• Research: Stay updated with the latest research in the field and contribute to it, if possible.
• Specialization: Consider specializing in a specific disorder or age group to become an expert in that niche.

Beyond the Horizon: Lead Roles and Beyond

As your career progresses, you could transition into leadership or managerial roles such as Department Head or Therapy Services Director.

These roles involve greater responsibilities, including overseeing the entire speech therapy department, making strategic decisions, and shaping the direction of services.

Here’s what to focus on:

• Leadership: Develop strong leadership skills to manage your team effectively and drive initiatives.
• Strategic Thinking: Understand the bigger picture to shape the direction of the department and improve services.
• Collaboration: Work closely with other department heads and professionals to ensure holistic patient care.

Pinnacle of Success: Clinical Director or VP of Rehabilitation Services

At the peak of the career ladder, you could become a Clinical Director or VP of Rehabilitation Services.

In these roles, you’ll be responsible for shaping the overall strategy of the rehabilitation department, making critical decisions, and managing a large team of professionals.

Speech Therapist Salary

Entry-level speech therapist.

• Median Salary: $55,000 – $65,000 per year
• Entry-level speech therapists typically have 0-2 years of experience. They generally possess a Master’s degree in Speech-Language Pathology and the required licensure to practice.

Mid-Level Speech Therapist

• Median Salary: $65,000 – $80,000 per year
• Mid-level speech therapists have 2-5 years of experience. They possess developed skills in diagnosing and treating a variety of speech, language, voice, and swallowing disorders.

Senior Speech Therapist

• Median Salary: $80,000 – $95,000 per year
• Senior speech therapists have 5+ years of experience. They not only provide direct patient care but also often play a role in the training and supervision of junior therapists and students.

Lead Speech Therapist / Speech Therapy Manager

• Median Salary: $95,000 – $115,000+ per year
• These roles require significant experience and involve leadership and management responsibilities within a speech therapy department, including overseeing therapy programs and staff supervision.

Director of Speech Therapy / Speech and Language Services

• Median Salary: $120,000 – $160,000+ per year
• These high-level positions require extensive experience and deep expertise in speech-language pathology. They involve the oversight of all speech therapy services, program development, and strategic planning within a healthcare organization.

Speech Therapist Work Environment

Speech Therapists, also known as Speech-Language Pathologists, often work in diverse environments depending on the needs of their clients.

They might work in healthcare facilities such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, and rehabilitation centers where they provide therapeutic services to patients of various age groups.

In these settings, speech therapists may collaborate with other healthcare professionals to design and implement treatment plans.

Many Speech Therapists also work in educational settings, including public and private schools, where they assist children in improving their communication skills to enhance their academic performance.

In addition, some Speech Therapists provide home healthcare services, traveling to clients’ homes to offer personalized therapy in a comfortable environment.

For those who work independently or run their own private practices, they may have more flexibility in their work schedules.

However, they also bear the responsibility of managing administrative tasks and maintaining their own client base.

Overall, Speech Therapists may need to adapt to different work environments, depending on the needs and locations of their clients.

Their work is often both challenging and rewarding, as they get to make a significant impact on the lives of individuals with communication disorders.

FAQs About Becoming a Speech Therapist

What qualifications do i need to become a speech therapist.

To become a speech therapist, or speech-language pathologist, you typically need a master’s degree in speech-language pathology.

Prior to this, you should have a bachelor’s degree in communication sciences and disorders or a related field.

The master’s program usually includes both coursework and clinical experience.

After graduation, you must complete a clinical fellowship, which is a period of supervised professional practice.

Additionally, all states require speech therapists to be licensed, and many employers prefer candidates who are certified by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

How long does it take to become a speech therapist?

The path to becoming a speech therapist typically takes about 7 years of full-time study.

This includes 4 years to earn a bachelor’s degree and 2-3 years for a master’s degree.

Following this, you must complete a 36-week clinical fellowship.

Keep in mind that these timelines can vary depending on the individual and the specific program.

Can I become a speech therapist without a master’s degree?

No, a master’s degree in speech-language pathology is generally required to become a speech therapist.

This is because the field requires specialized knowledge and skills that are typically gained through graduate-level education.

In addition to the master’s degree, you must also complete a clinical fellowship and obtain licensure to practice.

Is being a speech therapist stressful?

Being a speech therapist can be stressful at times due to the emotional nature of the work, the need to manage multiple clients with diverse needs, and the responsibility of staying updated with the latest research and techniques.

However, many speech therapists find the job rewarding as they help individuals improve their communication abilities, which can greatly enhance their quality of life.

Stress can be managed through proper self-care, work-life balance, and effective organizational strategies.

What are the job prospects for speech therapists?

The job prospects for speech therapists are generally good and expected to grow in the coming years.

This growth is driven by the increased recognition of the importance of early intervention for speech and language disorders, an aging population with communication impairments due to conditions like stroke or dementia, and increased demand for speech therapy services in schools.

Therefore, qualified speech therapists are likely to find ample opportunities in a variety of settings, from hospitals and rehabilitation centers to schools and private practice.

There you have it.

Embarking on the journey to become a speech therapist may be a challenging endeavor, but it’s undoubtedly fulfilling.

Equipped with the right education, skills, and determination, you’re well on your way to making a profound difference in people’s lives.

Remember, the path may be demanding, but the opportunities are boundless. Your work could help others find their voice and improve the quality of their lives in unimaginable ways.

So, take that first step. Immerse yourself in learning. Connect with professionals. And most importantly, never stop refining your therapeutic techniques.

Because the world is waiting for the impact you can make.

And if you’re seeking personalized guidance on starting or advancing your career in speech therapy, check out our AI Career Path Advisor .

This complimentary tool is specifically designed to provide tailored advice and resources to help you effectively navigate your career path.

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The Editorial Team at InterviewGuy.com is composed of certified interview coaches, seasoned HR professionals, and industry insiders. With decades of collective expertise and access to an unparalleled database of interview questions, we are dedicated to empowering job seekers. Our content meets real-time industry demands, ensuring readers receive timely, accurate, and actionable advice. We value our readers' insights and encourage feedback, corrections, and questions to maintain the highest level of accuracy and relevance.

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Forest Grove, Hillsboro & Eugene Campuses Closed

Update: Pacific University’s Forest Grove, Hillsboro and Eugene campuses, and all Pacific healthcare clinics, remain closed all day Friday, Jan. 19. More Details

Start a Rewarding Career as a Speech-Language Pathologist

Make a difference in the lives of others by treating a wide variety of communication and swallowing disorders with a graduate degree in speech-language pathology from Pacific.

Ready to begin your journey as a speech-language therapist? Applications for Pacific's innovative two-year SLP program open this fall, so browse admissions requirements and prepare your materials today!

Whether helping those impacted by aphasia , assisting trans persons in finding their true voice , or working with disabled persons on adaptive communication skills , speech-language pathologists (often called SLPs or also speech therapists) have the opportunity to help many people.

Beginning with a master’s degree in speech-language pathology , the path to becoming a speech therapist requires complex problem solving and the ability to form intimate personal connections with those in need.    

Required for professional certification, speech therapy school combines the medical foundations of health science and hands-on training with those experiencing communication and swallowing impairment.

And getting started is easier than you think. Join us as we guide you through each step on the process of how to become a speech therapist. 

EXPLORE FINANCIAL AID OPTIONS

Step 1: Get Your Bachelor’s Degree

Most speech pathology schools (including Pacific) require a completed bachelor’s degree, though it doesn’t need to be in communication science if the required prerequisite courses have been taken. 

The required coursework for speech therapy school is heavily based in math and science, with an emphasis on healthcare, so the best bachelor degrees for speech pathology focus on those areas.

Some undergraduate degrees well suited to SLP school include:

Pre-Speech-Language Pathology. Taken alongside a related degree—such as public health or social work —a pre-professional pathway can easily meet the requirements for speech therapy school and provide hands-on training opportunities. 

Communication Sciences and Disorders. As either a major or minor degree,  communications sciences and disorders (CSD) coursework uniquely prepares students for the kinds of healthcare practiced by certified speech therapists. 

Natural Sciences. Degree paths in biology and chemistry provide a foundational background in math and science, something many SLP schools emphasize and prioritize when evaluating applicants.

Disability Studies. Many patients of speech-language pathologists seek ways to adapt their communication skills through treatment of permanent or temporary disability. 

Fulfill Speech Therapy Prerequisites with a Post-Baccalaureate Program

Designed to help those interested in speech therapy school gain the necessary prerequisites, Pacific’s flexible post-bacc program in communication sciences and disorders —available in-person, hybrid, or entirely online—makes filling the gaps in your application easy.  

Whether you need to start a CSD pathway from the beginning or are just looking for those last few courses to apply to master’s programs, post-bacc programs are ideal for those who want to attend SLP school while still getting an undergraduate degree in another discipline.

Step 2: Prepare Your Speech Therapy School Application

Prerequisites are only one facet of a successful speech pathologist school application . 

Most schools also require a minimum amount of hours spent observing certified speech therapists in a clinical setting.

This can be done while still pursuing your undergraduate degree, and allows for real-world experience coming into graduate school. 

Professional references are also a key aspect of many applications, and can be taken care of while still in school. 

Professors, mentors, and shadowed clinicians are all good examples of the kinds of working healthcare professionals who can champion your passion for speech therapy school through letters of recommendation . 

The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) is at times needed alongside a graduate school application. However, for the 2024-2025 admissions cycle, Pacific will not require GRE test scores .

Step 3: Research Speech Therapy Programs and Apply

The best speech pathology schools enable students to graduate on time and with a high level of success on the exam for speech therapy certification. 

Students who graduate from Pacific’s speech language pathology program consistently pass the Praxis exam above the national average .

When researching schools, also look for programs that include a clinical simulation in addition to a clinical externship. 

Clinical simulations, like those at Pacific , allow speech therapy students to practice healthcare techniques—treating everything from stutters to swallowing disorders—in a controlled, risk-free environment.

Once you’ve completed researching SLP programs that fit your needs and career pathways, the only thing left to do is apply. 

The Communications Sciences and Disorders Centralized Application Service (CSDCAS) allows you to submit multiple applications at once using their extensive database of speech therapy master’s programs. 

Step 4: Get Accepted and Take Advantage

Congratulations, you’ve gotten in! Getting accepted to SLP school is the first step to becoming a healthcare professional who can make a difference in your community and beyond.

Here’s what you can do to make the most of your time in speech therapy school:

Join clubs. Chapters of both pre-CSD clubs and the National Student Speech-Language Hearing Association (NSSLHA) exist at Pacific. Involvement in these clubs not only puts you in direct contact with working professionals in your area, but can also create volunteer opportunities to grow real-world skills.

Partner with faculty. Finding professors and researchers who share your passions can mean participating in cutting-edge projects and discovering a unique specialty after graduation.

Get out in the community. From working with groups on campus to helping those impacted by communication disorders in nearby communities, SLP school offers plentiful opportunities to make a difference while still in school. 

Step 5: Become a Certified Speech-Language Pathologist

After completing a speech therapy master’s program, the last things to do before you can begin your career as an SLP are to pass the Praxis exam and apply for certification. 

The Praxis Exam is a standardized test given by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (AHSA) that determines whether or not a SLP school graduate is knowledgeable enough to administer care. 

After passing the exam (Pacific graduates pass at a rate over 95%) all that remains is to apply for certification . After that, you’re on your way to making a difference in the lives of others.

Pacific speech therapist alumni enter the workforce ready to make a real impact. See how our clinical simulation programs prepare grads to jumpstart their career. 

INQUIRE TODAY

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• Speech and language therapy
• Become a speech and language therapist

How to become a speech and language therapist

Speech and language therapists (SLTs) provide treatment, support and care for people of all ages who have difficulties with speech, language, communication, eating, drinking and swallowing. They work in all kinds of areas and settings to improve people’s quality of life.

Thinking about becoming an SLT? Explore a route that suits you…

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Why being an SLT might be the perfect career for you

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Why choose speech and language therapy.

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University degrees

Find out where you could study and how to fund your degree

Applying for university

Tips and advice to ace your application

Want to earn while you learn?

The new speech and language therapy apprenticeships are coming in 2022

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Information for career changers, mature students, and graduates of non-SLT courses

Career changer stories

Read about different paths to becoming an SLT

Speech and language therapy support workers

Information for support workers interested in becoming qualified SLTs

My working life

Find out what the career involves and learn about the rewards and challenges of the job from SLTs themselves

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SLP: Speech Language Therapy Licensure by State

Our team of educational experts has pulled information regarding state licensing in this field and input some helpful steps in the guide below. As you explore the different steps required in your state, you should plan ahead to ensure that you are meeting each requirement as you move along in your path.

License Requirements from State to State

Like many other treatment fields across the country, becoming a speech pathologist requires that you obtain a license in your state. The rules and regulations for speech pathology licensure can vary depending on the state you live in, making it necessary to do your research before committing to any degree program.

Most states have a specific licensing board through the state's department that is responsible for regulating licensure and approving new applications for speech pathology licenses. In most cases, you can find this department through searching your state's website.

Click on your state to view specific degree options and licensure requirements.

Schools by State

Click for more online speech therapy programs that are currently taking applications .

Standard SLP Degree Requirements

Regardless of which state you live in, you can expect to obtain a minimum of a Master's in Speech Pathology before becoming eligible for licensing. Master's programs in this field can provide you with advanced knowledge in speech disorders and treatment, as well as provide you with the opportunity to exercise your skills during practicum or supervised internship experiences.

States that license speech pathologists require that degree programs be accredited by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). There is a multitude of available institutions that consist of this type of accreditation located in all states in the U.S.

What you learn while in your degree program may also be evaluated during the state licensing process. The educational expectations include specific course requirements, including classes focusing on the biological foundations of speech and disorders, behavioral science, human communication, and ethics for speech pathology providers. Some states also provide a detailed list of required courses through their agency website.

During the application process for licensure, you are expected to have your institution send an original copy of your transcripts to the licensing agency for review. This is in addition to a copy of your diploma, as well a documentation of your experience and fellowship.

Practical Expectations

Your review of your state's requirements for licensure may also introduce you to varying expectations of practical experience. In some degree programs, students may be given the opportunity to exercise their abilities during internships at speech pathology agencies within their area. Other institutions focus strictly on the educational component for licensure, allowing students to choose their own path for clinical experience after graduation.

Although the specific hour requirements can sometimes vary, you can expect to see similarities in the amount of time listed for licensure from state to state. Overall, a total of 400 supervised hours and 36 weeks of a fellowship in speech pathology are often required, under the direct supervision of a licensed professional in your field.

The clinical component to licensure can include the opportunity to learn from experienced and licensed professionals, as well as an introduction to hands-on experience with actual clients. A majority of your clinical experience requirement will involve your direct implementation of speech services to clients, making this part of licensure extremely important to your expertise as a professional.

Is Board Certification Required?

There are many practical fields in health and mental health that require licensees to receive board certification prior to license acquisition. In the field of speech pathology, the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) from the ASHA can be an optional path to licensure - but only in some states. Other states may also require this type of certification during the licensure process.

Depending on where you live, taking the extra steps toward certification could be a time-saving step that leads you into licensure. If you live in one of the states listed below, the CCC-SLP certification may be a requirement for you to achieve prior to receiving your license.

• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina

A majority of alternative states may offer you the option of using board certification as one potential path to licensure. As an alternative, these states may also allow you to provide proof of education, experience, and fellowship through the initial application process in order to become licensed without board certification.

State Licensing Boards

While you sort through all of the requirements for licensing in your state, you might notice that your state’s licensing board differs from boards in other states. Each state develops its own professional board for clinical professionals in all licensed fields, so that a panel of experienced experts can make recommendations on applying licensees.

As an example, Rhode Island’s licensing board, the Board of Examiners in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology consists of licensed professionals in both speech pathology and audiology. These professionals are elected to terms, during which they review and approve licensure applications from upcoming candidates.

This screening process can allow for unbiased reviews of candidate applications, issues related to ethical practice, and decision making for licensure expectations in the field. To learn more about your state’s board of examiners in speech pathology, you should begin your search through your state’s main website.

State License Maintenance

Once you have received your license to practice speech pathology within your state, you may be expected to adhere to renewal and continuing education requirements throughout the course of your licensure period. Professionals in speech pathology should be aware of the renewal period for their license, so that they can reapply within the required time frame. The licensing period in most states is currently 2 years, making it necessary to prepare and submit all necessary applications and documentation before the deadline within this period.

In some states, there are very specific requirements for continuing education throughout the licensure period. One state that licenses speech pathologists requires that licensees participate in 18 hours of clinically-related CE classes, 10 hours of non-clinical CE classes, and 2 hours of medical error courses.

Most CE courses are provided to speech pathologists for a fee, which can vary depending on the source of your training. Renewal fees through your state may also be between $250 and $300 dollars depending on where you reside.

Speech Pathology Degrees

• Masters (SLP)

Speech Pathology Programs

• Online Speech Pathology Programs
• Online Masters of Speech Pathology
• Online MSLP with No GRE Required
• Speech Pathology
• Speech Therapy
• Speech Language Pathology (SLP)
• School Speech Therapy
• Occupational Therapy
• Bilingual Speech Pathology
• Speech Rehabilitation
• Communicative Sciences
• AAC Certification Augmentative and Alternative Communication
• CCC-SLP Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology

States for SLP Degrees

• North Carolina
• Pennsylvania
• + View All States

Speech Pathology Careers

• Career Guide
• SLP Licensure
• State Licensure
• SLP: Speech Language Pathologists
• Occupational Therapy vs. Speech Therapy