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Case Study Questions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

A compound (X) containing C, H and O is unreactive towards sodium. It also does not react with Schiff’s reagent. On refluxing with an excess of hydroiodic acid, (X) yields only one organic product (Y). On hydrolysis, (Y) yields a new compound (Z) which can be converted into (Y) by reaction with red phosphorous and iodine. The compound (Z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. The equivalent weight of this acid is 60.

The following questions are multiple choice question. Choose the most appropriate answer:

(i) The compound (X) is an (a) acid (b) aldehyde (c) alcohol (d) ether

(ii) The IUPAC name of the acid formed is (a) methanoic acid (b) ethanoic acid (c) propanoic acid (d) butanoic acid

(iii) Compound (Y) is (a) ethyl iodide (b) methyl iodide (c) propyl iodide (d) mixture of (a) and (b)

Compound (Z) is (a) methanol (b) ethanol (c) propanol (d) butanol

(iv) Compound (X) on treatment with excess of Cl 2 in presence of light gives (a) α-chlorodiethyl ether (b) α, α’-dichlorodiethyl ether (c) perchlorodiethyl ether (d) none of these

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Class 12 Chemistry Case Study Questions Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

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In Class 12 Boards there will be Case studies and Passage Based Questions will be asked, So practice these types of questions. Study Rate is always there to help you. Free PDF Download of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers were Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. Students can solve NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Case Study Questions Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers to know their preparation level.

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In CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Paper, There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1: An organic compound (A) having molecular formula C6H6O gives a characteristic color with an aqueous FeCl 3 solution. (A) on treatment with CO 2 and NaOH at 400 K under pressure gives (B), which on acidification gives a compound (C). The compound (C) reacts with acetyl chloride to give (D) which is a popular pain killer.

(i) Compound (A) is

Answer: (c) phenol

(ii) Number of carbon atoms in compound (D) is

Answer: (d) 9

(iii) The conversion of compound (A) to (C) is known as

Answer: (b) Kolbe’s reaction

(iv) Compound (A) on heating with compound (C) in presence of POCl 3 gives a compound (D) which is used

Answer: (d) as an intestinal antiseptic.

Case Study 2: Although chlorobenzene is inert to nucleophilic substitution, however, it gives a quantitative yield of phenol when heated with aq. NaOH at high temperatures and under high pressure. As far as electrophilic substitution in phenol is concerned the – OH group is an activating group, hence, its presence enhances the electrophilic substitution at o- and p-positions.

(i) Conversion of chlorobenzene into phenol involves

Answer: (d) elimination-addition mechanism.

(ii) Phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution more readily than benzene because

Answer: (c) in one of the canonical structures, every atom (except hydrogen) has complete octet.

(iii) Phenol on treatment with an excess of conc. HNO 3 gives

Answer: (b) p-nitrophenol

Case Study 3: A compound (X) containing C, Hand O is unreactive towards sodium. It also does not react with Schiff’s reagent. On refluxing with an excess ofhydroiodic acid, (X) yields only one organic product (Y). On hydrolysis, (Y) yields a new compound (Z) which can be converted into (Y) by reaction with red phosphorus and iodine. The compound (Z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. The equivalent weight of this acid is 60.

(i) The compound (X) is an

Answer: (d) ether

(ii) The IUPAC name of the acid formed is

Answer: (b) ethanoic acid

(iii) Compound (Y) is

Answer: (a) ethyl iodide

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible. By Team Study Rate

case study questions for alcohols phenols and ethers

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Case Study Questions Chapter 11 Chemistry – Class 12

Case Study Questions Chapter 11 Chemistry

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions Alcohols are some of the most important molecules in organic chemistry. Alcohols contain the hydroxy functional group (-OH), bonded to a carbon atom of an alkyl or a substituted alkyl group. The electronegativity of oxygen is substantially greater than that of carbon and hydrogen. Consequently, the covalent bonds of this functional group are polarized so that oxygen is electron-rich and both carbon and hydrogen are electrophilic. Indeed, the dipolar nature of the O–H bond is such that alcohols are much stronger acids than alkanes (by roughly 1030 times), and nearly that much stronger than ethers. The most reactive site in an alcohol molecule is the hydroxyl group, despite the fact that the O–H bond strength is significantly greater than that of the C–C, C–H, and C–O bonds, demonstrating again the difference between thermodynamic and chemical stability. Q 1. Which one is more acidic? (a) C 2 H 6 (b) CH 4 (c) CH 3 OCH 3 (d) C 2 H 5 -OH Ans 1. (d) C 2 H 5 -OH Q 2. The acidic character of alcohols is due to (a) Capability of forming H-bonding (b) Polar nature of O-H bond (c) -I effect of an alkyl group (d) None of these Ans 2. (b) Polar nature of O-H bond Q 3. The acidic strength of alcohols decreases in the following order (a) 1° > 2° > 3° (b) 3° > 2° > 1° (c) 2° > 1° > 3 o (d) 3° > 1° >2° Ans 3. (a) 1° > 2° > 3°

3. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions The facility with which the aromatic ring of phenols and phenol ethers undergoes electrophilic substitution has been noted. Two examples are shown in the following diagram. The first shows the Friedel-Crafts synthesis of the food preservative BHT from para-cresol. The second reaction is interesting in that it further demonstrates the delocalization of charge that occurs in the phenolate anion. Carbon dioxide is a weak electrophile and normally does not react with aromatic compounds; however, the negative charge concentration on the phenolate ring enables the carboxylation reaction shown in the second step. The sodium salt of salicylic acid is the major product, and the preference for ortho substitution may reflect the influence of the sodium cation. This is called the Kolbe-Schmidt reaction, and it has served in the preparation of aspirin, as the last step illustrates. Q 1. IUPAC name of salicylic acid (a) o-Hydroxybenzoic acid (b) p- Hydroxybenzoic acid (c) 2- Hydroxybenzoic acid (d) 3- Hydroxybenzoic acid Ans 1. (c) 2- Hydroxybenzoic acid Q 2. Salicylic acid heated with acetic anhydride to form a compound which is very useful drug which lower the body temperature as well as use to prevent heart attack. What is the name of compound? (a) 3-Acetyl Salicylic acid (b) 2-Acetyl Salicylic acid (c) 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid (d) 3-Acetoxybenzoic acid Ans 2. (c) 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid Q 3. Salicylic acid is heated with acetic anhydride to form a compound. In this reaction which bond is cleavage in Salicylic acid? (a) O-H bond of -COOH group (b) O-O bond of -COOH group (c) C-O bond of benzene ring and phenolic group (d) O-H bond of phenolic group Ans 3. (d) O-H bond of phenolic group

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Latest MCQ's and Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry

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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

Solid State
Electrochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Surface Chemistry
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
p-Block Elements
d- and f-Block Elements
Coordination Compounds
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes.
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Organic compounds containing Nitrogen
Biomolecules
Chemistry in Everyday life

Unit II: Solutions 15 Periods

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.

Unit III: Electrochemistry 18 Periods

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics 15 Periods

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements 18 Periods

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.

Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds 18 Periods

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, the importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes. 15 Periods Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 14 Periods

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 15 Periods

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Unit XIII: Amines 14 Periods

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules 18 Periods

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins - Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

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Case Study Questions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

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Unit 8: Alcohols, phenols, and ethers

About this unit.

We have heard of alcohols & phenols, but what exactly are they? In this unit, we will explore what they are, their properties & nomenclatures, and how we synthesise them. And oh, we will learn about ethers!

Alcohol nomenclature and properties

Alcohols (Opens a modal)
Triple bonds cause linear configurations (Opens a modal)
Alcohol properties (Opens a modal)
Alcohol nomenclature (Opens a modal)
Physical properties of alcohols and preparation of alkoxides (Opens a modal)

Synthesis of alcohols

Preparation of alcohols using NaBH4 (Opens a modal)
Preparation of alcohols using LiAlH4 (Opens a modal)
Synthesis of alcohols using Grignard reagents I (Opens a modal)
Synthesis of alcohols using Grignard reagents II (Opens a modal)

Reaction of alcohols

Oxidation of alcohols I: Mechanism and oxidation states (Opens a modal)
Oxidation of alcohols II: Examples (Opens a modal)
SN1 and SN2 reactions of alcohols (Opens a modal)
Preparation of alkyl halides from alcohols (Opens a modal)
Reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides (HX) 4 questions Practice
SN1 and SN2 reactions of alcohols_REAGENTS Only (ADVANCED) 4 questions Practice
Interesting behaviour of phenol towards some EAS reactions. 4 questions Practice

Nomenclature & properties of ethers

Ether naming and introduction (Opens a modal)
Ether nomenclature (Opens a modal)
Properties of ethers and crown ethers (Opens a modal)

Synthesis & cleavage of ethers

Williamson ether synthesis (Opens a modal)
Acidic cleavage of ethers (Opens a modal)
SN1 vs SN2 reactions of ethers 4 questions Practice

CBSE NCERT Solutions

NCERT and CBSE Solutions for free

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions

Students can read the important questions given below for Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Chemistry. All Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes and questions with solutions have been prepared based on the latest syllabus and examination guidelines issued by CBSE, NCERT and KVS. You should read all notes provided by us and Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions provid ed for all chapters to get better marks in examinations. Chemistry Question Bank Class 12 is available on our website for free download in PDF.

Important Questions of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12

Very short answer questions.

Question. Write the IUPAC name of the given compound :

Answer. 2-Methylprop-2-en-1-ol

Question. Write the IUPAC name of the given compound:

Answer. 3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol

Question. Write the IUPAC name of the following compound :

Answer. 1-methoxy-2-methylbutane

Question. The C — O bond is much shorter in phenol than in ethanol. Give reason. Answer. Due to resonance C—O bond acquires some partial double bond character. So, in phenol C—O bond length is smaller than ethanol.

Question. Which of the following isomers is more volatile : o-nitrophenol or p-nitrophenol? Answer. o-Nitrophenol is more steam volatile than p-Nitrophenol due to the presence of intramolecular H-bonding. p-nitrophenol shows intermolecular H–bonding.

Question. Write the equation involved in the following reaction : Reimer –Tiemann reaction Answer.

That’s why o-nitrophenol has lower boiling point than p-nitrophenol.

Question. Name the following according to IUPAC system :

Answer. Butan-2-ol

Question. Write the structure of the molecule of compound whose IUPAC name is 1-Phenylpropan-2-o1 Answer.

Question. Give the IUPAC name of the following compound :

Answer. Hex-1-en-3-ol

Question. Write the structure of the following compound : 2-Methyl-2-ethoxypentane.

Answer.

Question. Write the equation involved in the following reaction : Kolbe’s reaction Answer. Reimer–Tiemann reaction

Question. How is toluene obtained from phenol? Answer. Kolbe’s reaction : When sodium phenoxide is heated with carbon dioxide under pressure, it gives salicylic acid.

Question. Give a chemical test to distinguish between 2-propanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol. Answer. 2-propanol will give yellow precipitate of iodoform on addition of I 2 and NaOH while 2-methyl-2-propanol will not.

Question. How is the following conversion carried out? Anisole to p-bromoanisole Answer.

Question. Write the equations involved in the following reaction : Williamson synthesis Answer. Williamson ether synthesis : Alkyl halide when treated with sodium alkoxide gives dialkyl ether. C 2 H 5 ONa + C 2 H 5 Cl → C 2 H 5 — O — C 2 H 5 + NaCl

Question. How would you convert ethanol to ethene? Answer.

Question. Write IUPAC name of the following compound :

Answer. Propane-1,2,3-triol

Question. Write IUPAC name of the following :

Answer. 1-Ethoxy-2-nitrocyclohexane.

Question. Account for the following : The boiling points of ethers are lower than isomeric alcohols. Answer. The boiling points of ethers are much lower than, those of alcohol of comparable molar masses because like alcohols they cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Question. Phenylmethyl ether reacts with HI to give phenol and methyl iodide and not iodobenzene and methyl alcohol. Why? Answer. Protonation of anisole (Phenyl methyl ether) gives methyl phenyl oxonium ion.

In this ion, the stronger bond is O—C 6 H 5 . Therefore, attack by I– ion exclusively breaks the weaker O—CH 3 bond forming methyl iodide and phenol. The phenol formed does not react further to give aryl halides.

Question. Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than orthomethoxyphenol. Why? Answer. As we know that the electron withdrawing groups enhance the acidic character of phenols because they help in the stabilisation of phenoxide ion be dispersing negative charge. Nitro group is an electron withdrawing group whereas methoxy group destabiliser the phenoxide ion by intensifying the negative charge. Thus, o-nitrophenol is more acidic than o-methoxyphenol.

Question. Draw the structural formula of 2-Methylpropan-2-ol molecule. Answer.

Short Answer Questions

Question. Explain the mechanism of dehydration steps of ethanol :

Answer. Acid catalysed dehydration of alcohols at high temperature takes place with formation of an alkene.

Question. How are the following conversions carried out? (i) Propene to propane-2-ol (ii) Benzyl chloride to Benzyl alcohol Answer.

Question. Give the names of the reagents of bringing about the following transformations : (i) Hexan-1-ol to hexanal (ii) But-2-ene to ethanol Answer.

Question. Give reasons for the following : (i) Boiling point of ethanol is higher in comparison to methoxymethane. (ii) (CH 3 ) 3 C—O—CH 3 on reaction with HI gives CH 3 OH and (CH 3 ) 3 C—I as the main products and not (CH 3 ) 3 C—OH and CH 3 I. Answer. (i) Ethanol has higher boiling point because of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding whereas in methoxymethane, molecules are held by dipoledipole interaction. (ii) When one alkyl group is a tertiary group the halide formed is tertiary halide. In step II the departure of leaving group (CH 3 —OH) creates a more stable carbocation (3°) and the reaction follows S N 1 mechanism.

Question. Write the mechanism of the following reaction :

Answer. The reaction proceeds through nucleophilic substitution bimolecular (SN2) mechanism, as shown below :

Inversion of configuration takes place during the reaction.

Answer. Mechanism : The formation of ether is nucleophilic bimolecular reaction.

Question. Name the reagents which are used in the following conversions : (i) A primary alcohol to an aldehyde (ii) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol (iii) Phenol to 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol Answer. (i) Copper at 573 K (ii) Sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) (iii) Bromine water (Br2( aq ))

Long Answer Questions

Question. How do you convert the following? (i) Phenol to anisole (ii) Propan-2-ol to 2-methylpropan-2-ol (iii) Aniline to phenol Answer. (i) Phenol to anisole

Question. Predict the products of the following reactions :

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 - Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 2024-25

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter-11 Important Questions - Free PDF Download

Free PDF download of Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers prepared by expert Chemistry teachers from the latest edition of CBSE (NCERT) books . Register online for Chemistry tuition on Vedantu.com to score more marks in the CBSE board examination .

Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 - Topics Covered

Following are the topics that are covered in this chapter:

Classification

Nomenclature

Structures of Functional Groups

Alcohols and Phenols

Some Commercially Important Alcohols

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Also, check CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions for other chapters:

Related Chapters

Study Important Questions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 – Alcohols, phenols and Ethers

Q1. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds:

3-chloromethyl-2-isopropyl pentan-1-ol

Ans. 3-chloromethyl-2-isopropyl pentan-1-ol

( ii )

3-bromo cyclohexan-1-ol

Ans. 3-bromo cyclohexan-1-ol

(iii) ${\text{CH}} \equiv {\text{C}} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OH}}$

Ans. Prop-2-yn-1-ol

1-phenyl Ethan-1-ol

Ans. 1-phenyl Ethan-1-ol

3-benzyl prop-2-en-1-ol

Ans. 3-benyl prop-2-en-1-ol

Benzene-1,3-diol

Ans. Benzene-1,3-diol

4-bromo-3-cyano phenol

Ans. 4-bromo-3-cyano phenol

2-nitro ethoxybenzene

Ans. 2-nitro ethoxybenzene

(ix) ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{O}}{{\text{C}}_3}{{\text{H}}_7}$

Ans . Propoxybenzene

(x)${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OC}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{Cl}}$

Ans. 3-ethoxy chloropropane

Q2. Write the structures of the compounds whose names are given below:

(i) 3,5 -dimethoxyhexane-1,3,5-triol

3,5 -dimethoxyhexane-1,3,5-triol

(ii) cyclohexylmethanol

Cyclohexylmethanol

(iii) 2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane

2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane

(iv) 3 -chloromethylpentan-2-ol

(image will be uploaded soon)

(v) p-nitroanisole

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Q3. Describe the following reactions with example:

(i) Hydroboration oxidation of alkenes

Ans. The hydroboration-oxidation route is a two-step process for producing alcohols. The reaction proceeds in an Anti-Markovnikov fashion, with the hydrogen (from ${\text{B}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$ or ${\text{BH}}{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}$) attaching to the most substituted carbon in the alkene double bond and the boron attaching to the least substituted carbon.

Hydroboration oxidation of alkenes

(ii) Acid catalysed dehydration of alcohols at $443\;{\text{K}}$.

Ans. The following reaction shows the acid dehydration of ethanol to produce ethene.

The protonation of the oxygen atom in the OH group is the first step. The second step is the loss of a water molecule, which results in the formation of the carbonium ion. The final step is deprotonation, which results in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond.

Acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol

(iii) Williamson synthesis

Ans. The Williamson ether synthesis method involves permitting alkyl group halides to react with sodium alkoxides within the workplace to yield symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. This reaction includes the alkoxide particle offensive the organic compound via ${\text{S}}{{\text{N}}^2}$mechanism. within the case of primary alkyl group halides, higher results are obtained. If the organic compound is secondary or tertiary, substitution prioritises over elimination.

Williamson synthesis

(iv) Reimer-Tiemann reaction.

Ans. The ${\text{ - CHO}}$ group is introduced at the ortho position of the benzene ring when phenol is treated with chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

Reimer-Tiemann reaction

The Reimer-Tiemann reaction is the name for this reaction. In the presence of alkalis, the intermediate is hydrolyzed to create salicylaldehyde.

(v) Kolbe's reaction

Ans. Kolbe’s reaction: Salicylic acid is made by boiling a combination of sodium phenoxide and carbon dioxide at ${\text{180 - 20}}{{\text{0}}^{\text{o}}}{\text{c}}$ under pressure.

Kolbe’s Reaction

(vi) Friedel-Crafts acylation of Anisole.

Ans. The aromatic ring is converted into an aryl ketone via a Friedel-Crafts acylation process. Anisole interacts with acetyl chloride; it transforms into ketone.

Friedel-Crafts acylation of Anisole

Q4. Complete the following reactions:

(i) ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{CHO}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Pd/}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}}$

Ans :

Butanal to Butanol

Reaction of ethanal with Grignard’s reagent and further hydrolysed

Complete reaction of ethanal with Grignard’s reagent and further hydrolysed to give 1-methyl ethan-1-ol.

(iii)

Reaction of ethanol in the presence of Copper at 573K

Complete reaction of ethanol in the presence of Copper at 573K

(iv) ${{\text{C}}_{\text{6}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{OH + B}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}\xrightarrow{{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}}}$

Ans.

Complete reaction of phenol with 3 moles of bromine.

(v)

Reaction of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride

Complete reaction of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride

Reaction of sodium salt of substituted phenol with methylbromide

Complete reaction of sodium salt of substituted phenol with methylbromide

(vii)${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} + {\text{HBr}}\xrightarrow{{}}$

Complete reaction of methoxy proprane with Hydrogen bromide.

Reaction of Ethoxy benzene with Hydrogen bromide.

(image will be uploaded soon)

(ix) ${\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}} \right)_3}{\text{C}} - {\text{O}} - {{\text{C}}_2}{{\text{H}}_5} + {\text{HI}}\xrightarrow{{}}$

Complete reaction of Tertiary butyl ethyl ether with Hydrogen Iodide.

Reaction of Methoxy benzene with conc. Nitric acid in the presence of conc. Sulphuric acid.

Reaction of Anisole with Nitric acid in the presence of Sulphuric acid.

Reaction of given cyclic organic compound with Sodium Borohydride

Reaction of given Acyclic organic compound with Sodium Borohydride

Ans. CH 3 CH 2 CHCHO→CH 3 CH 2 CHCH 2 OH

Reaction of benzene sulphonic acid with Sodium hydroxide in the presence of heat and further fused.

Complete reaction of benzene sulphonic acid with Sodium hydroxide in the presence of heat and further fused.

Q5. What happens when:

(i) aluminium reacts with tert-butyl alcohol

Complete reaction of Ethoxy benzene with Hydrogen bromide

(ii) phenol is oxidised with chromic acid

(iii) cumene is oxidised in the presence of air and the product formed is treated with dilute acid.

Complete reaction of Cumene with oxygen.

(iv) phenol is treated with conc. ${\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_3}$.

Complete reaction of Phenol with Nitric acid.

(v) phenol is treated with chloroform in presence of dilute ${\text{NaOH}}$.

Complete reaction of Phenol with Chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

Q6. How will you convert

(i) propene to propan-1-ol.

Complete reaction of Alkene with sulphuric acid and water.

(ii) anisole to phenol

Complete reaction of Anisole with Hydrogen Iodide to yield phenol

(iii) butan-2-one to butan-2-ol

Conversion of butan-2-one to bhutan-2-ol.

(iv) ethanal to ethanol

Conversion of ethanal to ethanol.

(v) phenol to ethoxybenzene

Conversion of phenol to ethoxybenzene

(vi) 1-phenylethene to 1-phenylethanol

Conversion of 1-phenylethene to 1-phenylethanol

(vii) formaldehyde to cyclohexylmethanol

Conversion of formaldehyde to cyclohexylmethanol

(viii) butyl bromide to pentan-1-ol.

Butyl Bromide to Pentan-1-ol.

(ix) toluene to benzyl alcohol

Conversion of toluene to benzyl alcohol

(x) 1-propoxypropane to propyl iodide

Conversion of 1-propoxypropane to propyl iodide

(xi) ethyl bromide to 1-ethoxyethane

Ans. ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{Br + N}}{{\text{a}}^{\text{ + }}}{{\text{O}}^{\text{ - }}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}\xrightarrow{\Delta }{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}} - {\text{O}} - {{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{ + NaBr}}$

(xii) methyl bromide to 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane

methyl bromide to 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane

(xiii) ethyl bromide to ethoxybenzene

Ethyl Bromide to Ethoxybenzene

(xiv) ethanol to benzyl ethyl ether.

Ethanol to Benzyl Ethyl Ether

Q7. Identify the missing reactant or product A to ${\text{D}}$ in the following equations:

Reaction of Compound A with nitric acid and sulphuric acid.

Ans. The compound A is phenol.

Compound A formed is Phenol.

Reaction of 1-methyl cyclohexene with dilute sulphuric acid to give rise to a compound B.

Ans. The compound B is 1-methyl cyclohexanol.

Compound B formed is 1-methyl cyclohexanol.

(iii) ${\text{(C) + }}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O }}\xrightarrow{{{{\text{H}}^{\text{ + }}}}}{\text{ C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}} \right){\text{(OH)}}{\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$

The compound C is 2-propyl propan-2-one.

${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}{\text{CO}}\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}} \right){\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$

(vi) ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{O}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5} + {\text{HI}}\xrightarrow{{}}{\text{ (D)}}$

Ans. The compound D are phenol and methyl iodide.

${{\text{C}}_{\text{6}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{ + C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{ - I}}$

Q8. Identify ${\text{X}},{\text{Y}}$ and ${\text{Z}}$ in the following sequence of reactions:

(i) ${\text{Phenol}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Zn dust}}}}{\text{ X}}\xrightarrow[{{\text{Anhy}}{\text{. AlC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{3}}}}]{{{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{Cl}}}}{\text{ Y }}\xrightarrow[{{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^{\text{ - }}}}]{{{\text{KMn}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}}}{\text{ Z}}$

(image will be uploaded soon)

X is Benzene.

Y is Toluene.

Z is benzoic acid.

(ii) ${\text{Ethanol}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{PB}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{3}}}}}{\text{ X}}\xrightarrow[{}]{{{\text{alc}}{\text{.KOH}}}}{\text{ Y }}\xrightarrow[{}]{{{\text{dil}}{\text{.}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}}}{\text{ Z}}$

Showing formation of Ethyl bromide(X), Ethene(Y), Ethanol(Z)

X is Ethyl bromide.

Y is Ethene.

Z is Ethanol.

Reaction of 3 methyl anisole with Hydrogen iodide.

Ans. The compound X is 3-methyl phenol.

\[{\text{X}} + {\text{conc}}.{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\xrightarrow{{}}{\text{Y (a dinitro compound) }}\]

Ans. The compound Y is 2,4-Dinitro-5-methylphenol.

2,4-Dinitro-5-methylphenol

${\text{X}} + {\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_2}({\text{aq}})\xrightarrow{{}}{\text{Z (a tribromo product) }}$

Ans. The compound Z is 2,4,6-Tribromo-3-methylphenol.

Compound Z formed is 2,4,6-Tribromo-3-methylphenol.

Q10. write the mechanism for the following reactions:

Reaction showing acid catalysed hydration of alkenes

Mechanism showing acid catalysed hydration of alkenes

(ii) ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{ - C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ - OH}}\xrightarrow[{{\text{443K}}}]{{{{\text{H}}^{\text{ + }}}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ = C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}$

(acid catalysed dehydration of alcohols)

Mechanism showing acid catalysed dehydration of alcohols

(iii) $2{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OH}}\xrightarrow[{{\text{443K}}}]{{{{\text{H}}^{\text{ + }}}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OC}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}$

(acid catalysed nucleophilic substitution reaction)

Mechanism showing acid catalysed nucleophilic substitution reaction

(iv) ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{OC}}{{\text{H}}_3} + {\text{Hl}}\xrightarrow{{}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{OH}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{I}}$

Mechanism showing reaction of alcohol with hydrogen bromide to give rise to alkyl halide

Where R is the methyl group and ${\text{HI}}$ is the halogen acid.

(v) ${\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}} \right)_3}{\text{C}} - {\text{O}} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} + {\text{Hl}}\xrightarrow{{}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{OH}} + {\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}} \right)_3}{\text{Cl}}$

Mechanism showing reaction of ether with hydrogen iodide to give rise to tert-butyl iodide

Q11. Give reason for the following:

(i) The ${\text{C - O - C}}$bond angle in dimethyl ether is $111.7{}^\circ $

Ans. The two lone pairs of electrons in oxygen try to get closer to the oxygen atom in this molecule. The repulsion of lone pairs of electrons cannot compress the side groups, however, since they are hefty. As a result, the bond angle will be $111.7{}^\circ $.

(ii) Alcohols have higher boiling points than ethers of comparable molecular masses.

Ans. Because the ${\text{OH}}$ group permits alcohol molecules to form hydrogen bonds, they have higher boiling temperatures than ethers and alkanes with similar molar weights.

(iii) Phenols are more acidic than alcohols.

Ans. Although phenols are more powerful than alcohols, they are still rather weak acids. Because the phenoxide ion is more persistent than the alkoxide ion, phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol and acyclic alcohols. The negative charge of an alkoxide ion, such as the one formed from cyclohexanol, is concentrated near the oxygen atom.

(iv) Nitrophenol is more acidic than o-methoxyphenol.

Ans. The acidity of ortho-nitrophenol is higher than that of ortho-methoxyphenol. The presence of the nitro group in the ortho position, which is an electron withdrawing group, reduces the electron density in the ${\text{O - H}}$ bond. Due to resonance, the o-nitrophenoxide ion produced following the loss of protons is also stable.

(v) Phenol is more reactive towards electrophilic substitution reaction than benzene.

Ans. When it comes to electrophilic substitution reactions, phenol is more reactive than benzene. The electron density around the ring system is increased by the donation of the oxygen's lone pair into the ring system. In comparison to benzene, this makes the ring significantly more reactive. The intermediate carbocation is more stable in terms of resonance.

(vii) The following is not an appropriate method for the preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether:

Reaction of sodium ethoxide with hydrogen iodide to give rise to tert-butyl chloride.

(a) What would be the major product of this reaction?

Ans. The major product in the above reaction is t-butyl ethyl ether

(b) Write suitable reaction for the preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether.

Ans. t-butyl ethyl ether can be prepared as follows:

Reaction of sodium tertiary butoxide with hydrogen iodide to give rise to tert-butyl ethyl ether.

(viii) The following is not an appropriate method for the preparation of 1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene;

Reaction of 4-bromo nitrobenzene with sodium methoxide to give rise to 4-nitro anisole.

(x) Write the suitable reaction for the preparation of 1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene

Reaction showing the formation of 1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene

(ix) o-nitrophenol is steam volatile but p-nitrophenol is not.

Ans. In the case of p-nitrophenol molecules, energy is necessary to overcome attractive forces, while in the case of o-nitrophenol molecules, no such energy is required. This indicates that o-nitrophenol has a lower boiling point and is thus steam volatile, whereas p-nitrophenol has a higher boiling point and is thus steam non-volatile.

(x) phenol is less polar than ethanol.

Ans. The polarity of phenol is higher than that of ethanol. The phenol ${\text{O - H}}$ bond is more polar than the ethanol ${\text{O - H}}$ bond. The electron pair at ${\text{O}}$ in phenol travels towards the conjugated benzene ring and demonstrates resonance. The polarity of the ${\text{O - H}}$ bond rises as a result of this resonance.

(xi) The phenyl methyl ether reacts with ${\text{HI}}$ to form phenol and iodomethane and not iodobenzene and methanol.

Reaction showing the formation of phenol from anisole

Ans. Because HI is a powerful acid; hydrogen ions are easily produced. As oxygen contains lone pairs, this produced hydrogen ion attacks the oxygen atom of phenyl methyl ether. When oxygen makes three bonds and has a positive charge, it becomes unstable. As a result, nucleophilic addition occurs. Because the charge on the methyl group is unstable, and there is a resonance between oxygen and the benzene ring, it undergoes the ${\text{S}}{{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}$ process. There will be a transition state when the methyl group's carbon atom has 5 bonds when it is attacked by a nucleophile. As iodine ions are big, and the benzene ring is even bigger than the methyl group. There will be a lot of steric repulsions if the iodine and benzene groups approach each other. Phenol and methyl iodide are produced as a result.

(xii) methanol is less acidic than water.

Ans. Water is significantly less acidic in the gas phase than methanol, which is consistent with the polarizability differential between a proton and a methyl group. Water is more acidic than methanol because the solvation energy of hydroxide is even higher than that of methoxide.

(xiii) alcohols can act as weak base as well as weak acids.

Ans. Alcohol is amphoteric, meaning it can function as both an acid and a base. Alcohol is a base because it can receive ${{\text{H}}^{\text{ + }}}$ from both mineral acids and water. Due to the existence of the strong conjugate base ${\text{R}}{{\text{O}}^{\text{ - }}}$, it functions as a weak acid. The acid becomes weaker as the conjugate base becomes stronger.

(xiv) phenols do not give protonation reaction readily.

Ans. Protonation is difficult to achieve using phenol. Through resonance, the lone pair on oxygen ${\text{O}} - {\text{H}}$ in phenol is shared with the benzene ring. As a result, phenols do not undergo protonation reactions because a lone pair is not entirely present on oxygen.

(xvi) absolute ethanol cannot be obtained by factional distillation of ethanol and water mixture.

Ans. Fractional distillation cannot separate absolute alcohol. The process of fractional distillation is when a liquid mixture is vaporised, resulting in a mixture of components from which the desired component is separated into pure form.

Q12. Arrange the following in the increasing order of property shown:

(i) methanol, ethanol, diethylether, ethyleneglycol. (Boiling points)

Ans. ${\text{diethyl ether < methanol < ethanol < ethylene glycol}}$

(ii) phenol, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol. (Acid strength)

Ans. \[{\text{phenol}} < {\text{ m - nitrophenol < o - nitrophenol < p - nitrophenol}}\]

(iii) dimethylether, ethanol, phenol. (Solubility in water)

Ans . ${\text{dimethyl ether < phenol < ethanol}}$

(iv) n-butanol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol. (Acid strength)

Ans. \[{\text{n - butanol < 2 - methylpropan - 1 - ol < 2 - methylpropan - 2 - ol}}\]

Q13. Give a chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds.

(i) n-propyl alcohol and isopropylalcohol

Ans. Lucas test can be used to distinguish n-propyl alcohol and isopropylalcohol.

(ii) methanol and ethanol

Ans . Iodoform test can be done to distinguish between methanol and ethanol.

(iii) cyclohexanol and phenol.

Ans. With a neutral ${\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{3}}}$ solution, phenol becomes violet, but Cyclohexanol does not.

Chemical test to distingush cyclohexanol and phenol

(iv) propan-2-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol.

Ans. propan-2-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol can be distinguished with process of copper metal which is as follows:

Chemical test to distingush propan-2-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol.

(v) phenol and anisole

Ans. ${\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{3}}}$test can be used to distinguish between phenol and anisole.

Chemical test to distingush phenol and anisole.

The ferric phenoxide formed is violet in color.

Ferric phenoxide showing no characteristic change

(vi) ethanol and diethyl ether

Ans. ethanol and diethyl ether can be distinguished by iodoform test.

Diethyl ether does not give iodoform test (No Reaction)

Q14. Which of the following compounds gives fastest reaction with ${\text{HBr}}$ and why?

(i) ${\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}} \right)_3}{\text{COH}}$

(ii) ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OH}}$

Ans. Out of all the given compounds (i) i.e. tertiary alcohol will give fastest reaction with ${\text{HBr}}$.

The increased number of alkyl groups in tertiary alcohols increases the ${\text{ + I}}$ effect, making them more reactive. As a result, the charge density on carbon atoms increases, as does the charge density around oxygen atoms. The lone pairs on oxygen atoms are being pushed away by this negative charge density. Therefore, compound (i) t-butyl alcohol is most reactive towards ${\text{HBr}}$.

Q15. What is the function of ${\text{ZnC}}{{\text{l}}_2}$ (anhydrous) in Lucas test for distinction between $1{}^\circ ,2{}^\circ $ and $3{}^\circ $ alcohols.

Ans. Lucas Reagent is\[\left( {{\text{ZnC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + HCl}}} \right)\] Because of \[{\text{Zn}}\] has vacant d orbitals, \[{\text{ZnC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}\] is a Lewis acid. The oxygen in ${\text{ - OH}}$ forms a coordination connection with Zinc, or compounds with it. Oxygen takes on a positive charge, whereas \[{\text{Zn}}\]takes on a negative charge. So, because oxygen now has a positive charge, a poor leaving group ${\text{ - OH}}$has been transformed into a good leaving group (increased electronegativity).

Q16. An alcohol A $\left( {{{\text{C}}_4}{{\text{H}}_{10}}{\text{O}}} \right)$ on oxidation with acidified potassium dichromate gives carboxylic acid ${\text{B}}\left( {{{\text{C}}_4}{{\text{H}}_8}{{\text{O}}_2}} \right)$. Compound ${\text{A}}$ when dehydrated with conc. ${{\text{H}}_2}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}$ at $443\;{\text{K}}$ gives compound ${\text{C}}$. Treatment of ${\text{C}}$ with aqueous ${{\text{H}}_2}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}$ gives compound ${\text{D}}\left( {{{\text{C}}_4}{{\text{H}}_{10}}{\text{O}}} \right)$ which is an isomer of ${\text{A}}$. Compound D is resistant to oxidation but compound A can be easily oxidised. Identify ${\text{A}},{\text{B}},{\text{C}}$ and ${\text{D}}$ and write their structures.

Ans. The compound A i.e. ${{\text{C}}_4}{{\text{H}}_{10}}{\text{O}}$ corresponds to 2-methyl propan-1-ol, which is a primary alcohol. When A undergoes oxidation, the alcohol gets converted to corresponding carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid B formed is 2-methyl propan-1-oic acid. On further dehydration, B forms double bonded compound C i.e. 2-methyl prop-1-ene. The alkene formed reacts with aqueous ${{\text{H}}_2}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}$ to again form an alcohol compound called, 2-methyl propan-2-ol which is D and is an isomer of A.

An alcohol when treated with various reagents leads to the formation of compounds A,B,C and D respectively.

Q17. An organic compound A having molecular formula ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_6}{\text{O}}$ gives a characteristic colour with aqueous ${\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_3}$. When ${\text{A}}$ is treated with ${\text{NaOH}}$ and ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}$ at $400\;{\text{K}}$ under pressure, compound ${\text{B}}$ is obtained. Compound B on acidification gives compound $C$ which reacts with acetyl chloride to form D which is a popular pain killer. Deduce the structure of A, B, C and D. What is the common name of Drug D?

A is phenol

B is sodium salicylate

C is salicylic acid

D is 2-acetoxy benzoic acid, commonly known as aspirin.

An organic compound when treated with various reagents

The structure of compound A, B, C & D are as follows:

An organic compound when treated with various reagents leads to the formation of compounds A,B,C and D respectively.

Q19. An ether ${\text{A}}\left( {{{\text{C}}_5}{{\text{H}}_{12}}{\text{O}}} \right)$ when heated with excess of hot concentrated ${\text{Hl}}$ produced two alkyl halides which on hydrolysis from compounds ${\text{B}}$ and ${\text{C}}$. Oxidation of B gives an acid D whereas oxidation of ${\text{C}}$ gave a ketone ${\text{E}}$. Deduce the structures of ${\text{A}},{\text{B}},{\text{C}},{\text{D}}$ and ${\text{E}}$.

An ether when treated with various reagents leads to the formation of compounds A,B,C,D and E respectively.

${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ - O - CH(C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}$ , 2-ethoxy isopropane

${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OH}}$, ethanol

${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{CHOHC}}{{\text{H}}_3}$, iso-propyl alcohol

${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{COOH}}$, ethanoic acid

${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{COC}}{{\text{H}}_3}$, acetone

Q20. Phenol, ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{OH}}$ when it first reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, forms

Y. Y is reacted with concentrated nitric acid to form $Z$. Identify $Y$ and $Z$ and explain why phenol is not converted commercially to $Z$ by reacting it with conc. ${\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_3}$.

Ans. When phenol; ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{OH}}$ reacts with concentrated\[{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}\], it produces phenol disulphonic acid, which on reaction with concentrated nitric acid yields 2,4,6,-trinitro phenol or picric acid.

Showing the formation of (Y) and (Z)

The above reaction can be represented as:

Phenol to picric acid conversion

Also, Phenol is not reacted directly with conc. ${\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_3}$ because the yield of picric acid is very poor, that’s why is not converted commercially to picric acid.

Q21. Synthesise the following alcohols from suitable alkenes.

To form 1-methyl cyclohexan-1-ol

Ans. 1-methyl cyclohexan-1-ol can be prepared by hydrolysis of methylene cyclohexane.

Reaction showing formation of 1-methyl cyclohexan-1-ol

To form 3-methyl hexan-3-ol

Ans. 3-methyl hexan-3-ol can be prepared as follows:

Reaction showing formation of 3-methyl hexan-3-ol

Q22. How are the following ethers prepared by Williamson synthesis?

(a) Ethoxybenzene

Reaction showing formation of 2-methoxy-2-methyl propane

(b) 2-methoxy-2-methyl propane

Salient Features Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11

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The important questions are presented in a manner that can be easily understood by the students.

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The study material comprises all the important questions and answers from all the concept pages which are present in the chapter.

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With the help of this study material, a student can gain benefit by using it as revision material as well.

They are not required to refer to any other study material as enough important questions can be studied from this material.

Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 - Extra Questions For Practice

What will be the structure of the molecule of a compound whose IUPAC name is 1-phenylpropan-2-ol?

How will convert ethanol to ethene?

Illustrate the structure of 2, 6-Dimethylphenol.

Why is Ortho-nitrophenol more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol?

Why is the C-O bond much shorter in phenol than in ethanol?

Give the chemical formula to explain Kolbe’s reaction.

Hope this study content has helped the students to know all the important questions and answers in this chapter Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers .

We have prepared all these questions and answers along with the practice questions in order to facilitate the students to study well for their Chemistry exam.

Important Related Links for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry

Conclusion .

The collection of Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers for the year 2024-25 is a valuable resource for students preparing for their board exams. These questions have been thoughtfully curated to encompass the key concepts, reactions, and topics within the chapter, serving as an effective tool for focused revision. They help students identify critical areas to concentrate on and gauge their preparedness for the upcoming examinations. Moreover, these important questions are designed to align closely with the latest CBSE curriculum and examination pattern, ensuring students are well-prepared and confident in their chemistry knowledge. By offering a structured approach to study, these questions are an indispensable aid for Class 12 Chemistry students, facilitating their success in this challenging subject.

FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 - Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 2024-25

1. From where can I get the Important questions of the chapter - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers?

Visit Vedantu's site, go to Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers . You will get all the important questions and answers of this chapter - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers. The questions and answers are prepared by subject experts, thus, students can reliably study from this material.

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3. What are the important contents of this chapter - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers?

The important contents of this chapter are as follows:

4. Will only studying the important questions from this chapter - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers be enough?

No, along with studying the important questions from this chapter one is required to study the subject matter of this chapter as well where they will solidify their base knowledge on this chapter.

5. How do I practice this chapter - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers for my exam?

You can study this chapter, then solve the questions and answers also you can refer to the important questions and answers from this study and also can refer to the NCERT Solutions of this chapter.

6. Write down one preparatory method of alcohol.

By Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones:

Aldehydes and ketones are converted to the corresponding alcohols by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts, known as catalytic hydrogenation. The usual catalysts used are finely divided metals such as platinum, palladium, or nickel. It can also be prepared by treating aldehydes and ketones with reducing agents like sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4). Aldehydes give primary alcohols whereas ketones yield secondary alcohols.

7. What are alcohol phenol and ether?

Alcohol is an organic compound with at least one hydroxyl (OH) functional group attached to a saturated carbon atom.. Phenols, on the other hand, are organic compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group that is attached to an aromatic system of hydrocarbons (arene).while ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. The Latin word "aether," which means "to ignite," is the root of the word "ether."

8. Explain two preparatory methods of phenol.

A. From Haloarenes:

Chlorobenzene is fused with NaOH at 623K and 320 atmospheric pressure. Phenol is obtained by the acidification of sodium phenoxide so produced.

B. From Benzene Sulphonic Acid:

When benzene is sulphonated with oleum then benzene sulphonic acid is formed. On heating sulphonic acid with molten sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide salt is produced. On acidification of the sodium salt, phenol is obtained.

9. Describe briefly about commercially two important alcohols.

A. Methanol, a colourless liquid that boils at 337 K and is highly poisonous. Even in small amounts, methanol can blind you. Paints, varnishes, and the production of formaldehyde,all make use of methanol.

B. Ethanol is a colourless liquid with a boiling point of 351 K. It is used as a solvent in the paint industry and to make a few carbon compounds. The brain and nervous system are impaired when ingested. It can cause death at higher concentrations

10. How should a student prepare well for the chemistry chapter 11 alcohol phenol & ether for CBSE board class 12?

Firstly, understand your topics as per the released CBSE syllabus. Know the weightage of the CBSE class 12 chemistry chapter 11 for board exam. Dive deeply into NCERT books, grasp the basic concepts properly of all the topics and pay special attention to mechanisms and named reactions given. Don't neglect the intext questions given in the ncert book. For a better understanding & NCERT textbook solution PDF, visit VEDANTUS ' official website. Click the link given below

CBSE Class 12 Chemsitry Important Questions

Cbse study materials.

Class 12 Chemistry Mcqs
Class 12 Chemistry Mcqs Chapter 11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers MCQs

Class 12 chemistry MCQs with answers are provided here for chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers. These MCQs are based on the CBSE board curriculum and correspond to the most recent Class 12 chemistry syllabus. By practising these Class 12 Multiple choice questions, students will be able to quickly review all of the ideas covered in the chapter and prepare for the Class 12 Annual examinations as well as other entrance exams such as NEET and JEE.

Download Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers MCQs PDF by clicking on the button below. Download PDF

Class 12 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers MCQs

1. To get carboxylic acids directly from alcohol, which of the following oxidising agents is used?

a) Alkaline KMnO 4

b) Aqueous KMnO 4

c) Acidified KMnO 4

d) Anhydrous CrO 3

Explanation : Strong oxidizers, such as acidified potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate, convert alcohol to carboxylic acid immediately. Using CrO 3 as the oxidising agent in an anhydrous media, however, only aldehyde can be produced.

2. When phenol reacts with bromine water, what is the result?

a) Brown liquid

b) Colourless gas

c) White precipitate

d) No reaction

Explanation : When phenol is treated with bromine water, a white precipitate is formed, which is 2,4,6-Tribromophenol.

3. The Lucas test was carried out on three different compounds: A, B, and C. Compounds A and B were turbid at ambient temperature, while compound C did not become turbid until it was heated. Which one of the compounds is tertiary in structure?

b) Cannot be determined

Explanation : It is stated that A and B exhibit turbidity at room temperature, however, it is not stated whether the turbidity appears immediately or over a period of time. So compounds A and B may be tertiary or secondary depending on whether turbidity appears immediately or after 5 minutes respectively. Compound C may be primary.

4. Which of the following compounds is formed when secondary alcohols are oxidised by [O]?

b) Aldehyde

Explanation : The oxidation of secondary alcohols by a nascent oxygen atom [O] yields the ketone molecule.

5. Which of the following processes does not result in the production of alcohol?

a) Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes

b) Free radical halogenation of alkanes

c) Reduction of aldehydes

d) Hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes

Explanation : When alkanes are halogenated by free radicals, they form a mixture of haloalkanes rather than alcohols. Alcohols can be made from alkenes through acid catalysed hydration, and hydroboration-oxidation, and from aldehyde reduction.

6. The conversion of trialkyl borane to an alcohol does not require which of the following?

a) Sodium hydroxide

c) Diborane

d) Hydrogen peroxide

Explanation : In the presence of aqueous NaOH, trialkyl boranes are oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to produce alcohol. This conversion does not require diborane, although it is required for the creation of trialkyl boranes.

7. Ethers may be used as solvents because they react only with which of the following reactants?

a) Oxidising agent

d) Reducing agents

Explanation : Nucleophiles and bases cannot attack ether. However, because of their capacity to solve cations by giving an electron pair from an oxygen atom, they are excellent solvents in many chemical reactions. Ethers are less reactive than alcohols and react only with acids.

8. An aryl carbon can be found in which of the following compounds?

c) Vinyl alcohol

d) Benzyl alcohol

Explanation : An aryl carbon is the sp 2 hybridised carbon of an aromatic ring to which the hydroxyl group is connected. The OH group is connected to an aryl carbon in phenol.

9. It’s called ether when the alkyl groups connected to either side of the oxygen atom in an ether are different.

b) symmetrical

Explanation : A mixed or unsymmetrical ether is one in which the alkyl or aryl groups on either side of the O atom differ.

10. Which of the following alcohols is not polyhydric?

a) Propylene glycol

b) Ethylene glycol

c) Cyclohexanol

d) Benzene-1,2-diol

Explanation : Polyhydric alcohols include two or more hydroxyl groups and are classified as glycols in the common system or diols and triols in the IUPAC system.

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Case Based Questions Test: Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers - NEET MCQ

17 questions mcq test - case based questions test: alcohols, phenols & ethers, read the passage given below and answer the following questions: a compound (x) containing c, h and o is unreactive towards sodium. it also does not react with schiff’s reagent. on refluxing with an excess of hydroiodic acid, (x) yields only one organic product (y). on hydrolysis, (y) yields a new compound (z) which can be converted into (y) by reaction with red phosphorus and iodine. the compound (z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. the equivalent weight of this acid is 60. what are the compounds(z), read the passage given below and answer the following questions: a compound (x) containing c, h and o is unreactive towards sodium. it also does not react with schiff’s reagent. on refluxing with an excess of hydroiodic acid, (x) yields only one organic product (y). on hydrolysis, (y) yields a new compound (z) which can be converted into (y) by reaction with red phosphorus and iodine. the compound (z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. the equivalent weight of this acid is 60. q. write chemical equations leading to the conversion of 'x' to 'y'..

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: A compound (X) containing C, H and O is unreactive towards sodium. It also does not react with Schiff’s reagent. On refluxing with an excess of hydroiodic acid, (X) yields only one organic product (Y). On hydrolysis, (Y) yields a new compound (Z) which can be converted into (Y) by reaction with red phosphorus and iodine. The compound (Z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. The equivalent weight of this acid is 60. Q. The compound (X) is an

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: A compound (X) containing C, H and O is unreactive towards sodium. It also does not react with Schiff’s reagent. On refluxing with an excess of hydroiodic acid, (X) yields only one organic product (Y). On hydrolysis, (Y) yields a new compound (Z) which can be converted into (Y) by reaction with red phosphorus and iodine. The compound (Z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. The equivalent weight of this acid is 60. Q. Compound (Y) is

ethyl iodide

methyl iodide

propyl iodide

mixture of (a) and (b)

Williamson’s synthesis

Kolbe’s reaction

Reimer-Tiemann reaction

Sandmeyer ’s reaction

2-methyl, 2-phenyl ethanol

2-phenyl butanol

2-Phenylopropan-2-ol

1-methyl, 1-phenyl ethanol

Q. Write down the decreasing order of reactivity of sodium metal towards primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

1 o alc<2 o alc<3 o alc

1 o alc>2 o alc>3 o alc

3 o alc<1 o alc<2 o alc

3 o alc>I o alc < 2 o alc o

Na metal is basic and alcohols are acidic in nature. Hence, reactivity of Na metal towards alcohols decreases as the acidic strength of alcohols decreases due to steric hinderance of alkyl groups in tertiary alcohol and increase in electron density on an oxygen atom in the hydroxyl bond.

Q. Given the descending order of acid strength of alcohols.

RCH 2 OH > RR’CHOH >> RR’R”COH

RCH 2 OH > RR’R”COH > RR’CHOH

RCH 2 OH < RR’CHOH << RR’R”COH

RCH 2 OH < RR’R”COH < RR’CHOH

The more stable the alkoxide ion, the more acidic is the alcohol. Electron releasing effect (+I effect ) of alkyl group in secondary and tertiary alcohols makes the alkoxide ion less stable.

Such a cleavage and formation of bonds occur in oxidation reactions. These are also known as dehydrogenation reactions as these involve loss of dihydrogen from an alcohol molecule. Depending on the oxidising agent used, a primary alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde which in turn is oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium permanganate are used for getting carboxylic acids from alcohols directly. CrO3 in anhydrous medium is used as the oxidising agent for the isolation of aldehydes. Assertion (A): CH 3 CH 2 OH can be converted into CH 3 CHO by treatment with pyridinium chlorochromate. Reason (R): PCC is a better reagent for oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes

Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate) is a better reagent for converting ethyl alcohol into acetaldehyde.

Such a cleavage and formation of bonds occur in oxidation reactions. These are also known as dehydrogenation reactions as these involve loss of dihydrogen from an alcohol molecule. Depending on the oxidising agent used, a primary alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde which in turn is oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium permanganate are used for getting carboxylic acids from alcohols directly. CrO3 in anhydrous medium is used as the oxidising agent for the isolation of aldehydes. Assertion (A): Vapours of primary and secondary alcohols are passed through heated copper an aldehyde and ketone are formed. Reason (R): It’s a dehydration reaction.

Vapours of primary and secondary alcohols are passed through heated copper an aldehyde and ketone are formed. It’s a dehydrogenation reaction

Such a cleavage and formation of bonds occur in oxidation reactions. These are also known as dehydrogenation reactions as these involve loss of dihydrogen from an alcohol molecule. Depending on the oxidising agent used, a primary alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde which in turn is oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium permanganate are used for getting carboxylic acids from alcohols directly. CrO3 in anhydrous medium is used as the oxidising agent for the isolation of aldehydes. Assertion (A): Dehydrogenation reaction of alcohols is an oxidising reaction. Reason (R): It involves loss of dihydrogen from alcohol.

Dehydrogenation means loss of dihydrogen from a molecule.

Such a cleavage and formation of bonds occur in oxidation reactions. These are also known as dehydrogenation reactions as these involve loss of dihydrogen from an alcohol molecule. Depending on the oxidising agent used, a primary alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde which in turn is oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium permanganate are used for getting carboxylic acids from alcohols directly. CrO3 in anhydrous medium is used as the oxidising agent for the isolation of aldehydes. Assertion (A): Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reactions. Reason (R): They do not have the required C-H bond.

Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reactions because the carbon atom that carries the -OH group does not have a hydrogen atom.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: The reaction of phenol with aqueous sodium hydroxide indicates that phenols are stronger acids than alcohols and water. Due to the higher electronegativity of sp 2 hybridised carbon of phenol to which –OH is attached, electron density decreases on oxygen. This increases the polarity of O–H bond and results in an increase in ionisation of phenols than that of alcohols. Now let us examine the stabilities of alkoxide and phenoxide ions. In alkoxide ion, the negative charge is localised on oxygen while in phenoxide ion, the charge is delocalised. The delocalisation of negative charge makes phenoxide ion more stable and favours the ionisation of phenol. Q. Which of the following is most acidic?

Benzyl alcohol

Cyclohexanol

m-Chlorophenol

m-chlorophenol is most acidic as electron withdrawing (−Cl )group increases the acidity of phenols.

Br 2 /water

All of the above

Phenol decolourises bromine water to form white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromophenol whereas ethanol does not precipitate.

o-nitrophenol

o-methylphenol

o-methoxy phenol

Phenol is less acidic than o-nitrophenol as electron withdrawing (−NO 2 ) group increases the acidity of phenols.

e > d > b > a > c

b > d > a > c > e

d > e > c > b > a

e > d > c > b > a

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Published: 17 April 2024

A para - to meta -isomerization of phenols

Simon Edelmann 1 &
Jean-Philip Lumb ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-1199 1

Nature Chemistry ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Synthetic chemistry methodology

Phenols and their derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and critically important industrial chemicals. Their properties are intimately linked to the relative substitution pattern of the aromatic ring, reflecting well-known electronic effects of the OH group. Because of these ortho -, para -directing effects, meta -substituted phenols have historically been more difficult to synthesize. Here we describe a procedure to transpose phenols that hinges on a regioselective diazotization of the corresponding ortho -quinone. The procedure affords the meta -substituted phenol directly from its more common and accessible para -substituted isomer, and demonstrates good chemoselectivity that enables its application in late-stage settings. By changing the electronic effect of the OH group and its trajectory of hydrogen bonding, our transposition can be used to diversify natural products and existing chemical libraries, and potentially shorten the length and cost of producing underrepresented arene isomers.

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Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of phenols via divergent intermolecular (3 + 2) and alkylation reactions

Xiang Gao, Tian-Jiao Han, … Guang-Jian Mei

Synthesis of meta-carbonyl phenols and anilines

Bao-Yin Zhao, Qiong Jia & Yong-Qiang Wang

The synthesis of diverse terpene architectures from phenols

Farbod Salahi, Chengbo Yao, … Scott A. Snyder

Data availability

The data supporting the main findings of this study are available in the article, Supplementary Information and source data. Source data, including unprocessed free induction decays (FIDs) of all compounds, are available for download, free of charge, from the Open Science Framework (OSF) data repository at https://osf.io/e7q8n (ref. 50 ).

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Acknowledgements

We thank I. Mbaezue (McGill University) for help with high-performance liquid chromatography, and K. Levin (McGill University) for help with NMR. Financial support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Discovery Grant to J.-P.L). S.E. acknowledges NSERC (CGS-M) and the Fonds de Recherche du Québec Nature et Technologies (FRQNT-B1X and FRQNT-B2X) for research fellowships, the Walter C. Sumner Foundation for a Memorial Fellowship and McGill University for financial support.

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S.E. designed and conducted experiments, and collected and analysed the data. J.-P.L. and S.E. conceptualized the project and wrote the manuscript. J.-P.L. supervised the research.

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Supplementary Figs. 1–3, discussion of procedures, and processed characterization data including tabulated infra-red and mass spectrometry, along with 1 H- and 13 C-NMR data, in both tabulated and graphical forms.

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Nomenclature & properties of ethers

Synthesis & cleavage of ethers

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions

Important Questions of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12

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12th Chemistry Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Chapter Case Study Question with Answers CBSE

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A para - to meta -isomerization of phenols

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