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The Importance Of Food Safety

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  • Topic Food Safety

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Food Safety

Food safety is one of the global concerns of people on their everyday life. Food can become contaminated at any point, during production, processing, purchasing or preparation. Food safety is a leading responsibility of food business operators. Poor food handling might cause diseases and contamination by bacteria, pathogen and viruses when you did not reach the exact temperature of a certain food, when you store food at the wrong place and temperature, improperly handled or cooked.

The disease that is carried by food or commonly known as the food-borne illness is one the food safety issues that emerged recently, and is caused by consuming contaminated food. Consumers do not take these cases seriously especially when the food was prepared inside their houses. They will probably ignore proper handling of food not unless they felt any of the symptoms. This disease cannot be transmitted from person to person. Thus, it is not contagious. The common symptoms of food-borne illness or food poisoning are vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever, muscle aches and any sign of dehydration.

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Basically, mishandling food may occur if we did not prepare it properly. First, we should not consolidate different kinds of food in one place, particularly proteins, together with leafy vegetables. We should separate their chopping boards by color coding, or if you only have one, you must clean and sanitize it before and after using when you are going to use it with another kind of food. Not maintaining personal hygiene, like washing your hands if necessary, removing jewelry, wearing personal protecting equipment, you have a high possibility to contaminate food, it is either physical, biological or chemical hazard.

Improper thawing is considered as mishandling of food because there are proper ways to thaw frozen meats. Do not let it melt at room temperature, there is this procedure that when you get the frozen meat in the freezer, you will put it inside the chiller for a few hours. You can also thaw frozen meats through cold running water, never ever soak and stay it in still tap water. Bacteria on meat might spread and multiply, as they multiply, they produce poisons in the meat that cause illness. Tasting food to see if it is still can be eaten, it is not required for us to taste food to see if it has spoiled. We can’t taste, smell nor see bacteria through our naked eye. Not reheating food properly. We follow a specific temperature when reheating food and it is 165°F. Not storing food appropriately.

If food is not stored properly, it can become spoiled with germs. Several germs can cause more serious problem such as blood infection and kidney failure. Leaving cooked, raw and refrigerated food at room temperature for 2 hours is not recommended. You must maintain their safe temperature, if not, bacteria will spread faster and get spoiled easily. Filipino family has this habitual procedure of rinsing raw meats and poultry before cooking. This can never be right. You have to cook it thoroughly. Rinsing or washing the meat before cooking will only spread bacteria around your sink and kitchen. Do not rely on tasting and smelling the food, it will not satisfy you if you’re going to check your food through smell or taste. Undercooking meats, poultry, seafood, and eggs. They have the individual temperature for them to be cooked. 160°F is the right temperature for meats and eggs, 165°F for poultry, and 145°F for seafood.

Food Safety Act of 2013 or Republic Act no.10611 is the law that you are going to violate if you did not follow food safety standards in the Philippines. This law will ensure that the food safety is achieve and people will get protected and not get harm. The food business operators, a person engaged in the food business, including one’s staff, shall have the main responsibility to guarantee that the food satisfies the requirements of food law relevant to their activities in the food supply chain and that control system are in place to prevent, eliminate or reduce risks to consumers. The Department of Agriculture is responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food. They are also responsible for food safety in the primary production and post-harvest stages of food supply chain. Food safety violation includes, serving improperly cooked food, serving food that has expired, serving meals that has an object in the food or physical contamination, distributing or serving contaminated food, serving alcohol to minors or persons with alcohol allergies, or failing to meet state or city public health inspection standards.

There are a lot of ways to ensure food safety and prevent spreading of bacteria on food. Pest control plays an important part on food safety. Troublesome insects such as cockroaches and flies can help spread diseases which can lead to the development of food-borne illnesses. Cleaning, sanitizing and disinfecting your area is also important. Before purchasing food and receiving them, you must check your kitchen area if it is already clean and sanitize. Kitchens rely on the use of potentially dangerous chemicals for sanitation and pest control. Because of this attention has to be applied to reduce the risk of accidental environmental contamination during the food processing cycle. Also for the tools, equipment and fixed equipment, you must sanitize them before and after using. Personal hygiene is a must. Food safety starts to yourself, you should check yourself first before touching food. Wash your hands for 20 seconds, if necessary wash your hands to your elbow, change a pair of plastic gloves whenever you are doing another task or if you are using it continuously, change your gloves every after 4 hours of using it, disposed it properl. Use specific chopping board for particular food, avoid sneezing and coughing using your hand. If it is irresistible, use your arm instead. Installing the correct facilities for staff to ensure proper personal hygiene is met contributes towards meeting food safety requirements.

Purchasing, receiving and storing is a must when you ordered food from a certain establishment. When purchasing, if it is perishable check if the food you is not spoiled or decayed. If it is some kind of staple food, check the expiration date, if there is no dent or not bloated. When receiving, always make sure that you have checked if the food that delivered was safe, seal is not broken, there is no moist visible on the packaging, cans has no dents or not bloated. Food packaging plays an important role as a physical barrier to protect food from damage, contamination and tampering during transport and storage. Many foods also need protection from moisture, air or light to keep them fresh and safe to eat for longer, and even simple packaging materials like glass, plastics and paper can do a lot to improve safety and extend shelf-life. You should know where to store different kind of food, and what is their safe temperature for them to preserve their freshness and texture. For the production, if you are one of the workers, you should follow the rules and regulations of the company to avoid food hazards.

The most important goal of food safety is for consumers to be safe while enjoying their food and satisfying their cravings, which the consumers are also “us”. Food is very important for us and it may cause us healthier or death.

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Why Is Food Safety Important? (The Most Thorough Answer You'll Find)

Food safety is fundamental in food businesses, as it ensures the protection of consumers from potential health risks ...

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Food safety is fundamental in food businesses, as it ensures the protection of consumers from potential health risks and upholds the reputation and success of the industry.

All humans need food to survive. The nutrients we get from consuming food give us the energy and nourishment we use to sustain our daily activities. Foods also play a great role in the culture of society and give a certain identity to a community. Together with enjoyment, every consumer is entitled to food safety. With this, food business operators must ask themselves, "Why is food safety so important?"

This aspect of the food supply chain aims to protect customers from food poisoning and foodborne illnesses affecting  human life and business performance for establishment owners.

In this article, we will discuss the most important food safety aspects from the point of view of a consumer and a food business owner. 

Key points covered in this article:

  • Salmon can be safely consumed if cooked to an internal temperature of 145°F.
  • Cooking salmon properly is essential to ensure food safety , proper doneness, customer satisfaction, and compliance with food safety regulations .
  • Salmon meat can be cooked to five different levels of doneness: rare, medium rare, medium, medium-well, and well-done.
  • Each level of doneness can be accurately achieved by measuring the target internal temperature.
  • As the internal temperature of salmon increases, the meat gets firmer and flakey. This also contributes to the development of flavor.
  • The resting time after cooking is an essential step to redistribute the heat and moisture of the salmon meat.
  • Food businesses serving undercooked salmon must advise customers of the risk of consuming the dish.
  • The target internal temperature for grilling, hot smoking, and frying salmon is 145°F and 135°F to 140°F  with at least 5 minutes for baking.
  • Fresh and cooked salmon must be stored below 40°F to ensure food safety.
  • You can monitor and log your internal temperature readings intuitively using FoodDocs' smart Food Safety Management System .

Get to know about the best smart Food Safety Management Solution that can help you maintain food safety compliance with smart solutions powered by artificial intelligence.

  • Food safety definition – What is food safety?

Why is food safety important?

  • How does food safety help to save lives?
  • What are critical responsibilities for food safety?

How does restaurant food safety work?

What are common food safety jobs.

  • How has food safety improved or changed during the last decades?

How does the food safety approach differ: UK vs US?

How to ensure food safety compliance with fooddocs, frequently asked questions (faqs), what is food safety a completion definition of food safety.

Food safety refers to the proper food handling procedures applied during food preparation, processing, storage, and distribution of the products you deal with in your food business. Food safety is crucial for maintaining and promoting the health of those who consume it.

The concern for the integrity of food safety remains within all parts of a food supply chain. The food safety production life cycle starts from agriculture to the packaging of finished products and delivery to the consumer's table.

Controlling food safety requires knowledge about what could endanger its integrity and stability. Food safety is negatively affected by a variety of food contamination along your food supply chain. Contamination of food products can be caused by biological , chemical , physical , and radiological hazards and can affect all key operations. Without a proper control program for food safety, issues such as foodborne illness and food-related injuries can occur.

Food handling practices that can be applied to keep food products wholesome are what food safety is made up of. All of the members of the food supply chain must comply with established food safety standards to protect public health.

Proper handling and industrial processes may include cooking at the right internal temperature using a food thermometer, preventing cross - contamination through proper segregation to prevent contact, storing chilled foods at cold temperatures , and other critical control points that help make potential infectious diseases ineffective.

Additionally, consumers also play a significant role when it comes to food safety . Customers are expected to follow storage and processing directions for the products they purchase, especially if these are raw materials. Participation of consumers towards food safety is also seen through consumer demand for high-quality, safe products and voicing their complaints if there are food safety issues. 

Food safety is essential to provide adequate access to safe, nutritious, and delicious food to all members of the community. 

Recent data and food safety news released by the World Health Organization have estimated that at least 600 million people all over the world become inflicted with foodborne infection after consuming unsanitary food . Of these people, at least 420,000 people die every year . Economic progress can be affected by productivity loss and medical expenses as a result of a foodborne disease burden.

In the United States specifically, the federal government estimates that 1 in 6 Americans get foodborne illnesses per year, resulting in 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths. 

The majority of food safety issues are caused by biological contaminations from pathogenic microorganisms , such as bacteria that cause food poisoning or food intoxication.

Consumption of pathogens in food can cause mild to fatal health consequences that include watery diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or even debilitating infections and long-term diseases.

In fact, the CDC estimates that there are 31 known pathogens that cause foodborne illesses, the top five of which are:

  • Salmonella, nontyphoidal
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Campylobacter spp.
  • Staphylococcus aureus

And that's excluding all of the unspecific agents that don't have sufficient data to track.

The consequences of food safety issues may have fatal outcomes for both food business owners and consumers . Basic and everyday foods can easily become contaminated.

Some examples of foods involved in common illnesses include high-risk foods and any perishable food such as egg and egg products, poultry, fresh fruits, raw meat or deli meats, deli seafood salads, undercooked seafood, ground meat, raw sprouts, and raw milk products. These ingredients can become contaminated by intestinal pathogens, such as bacteria, and cause bacterial infection if preventive measures are not applied.

Why is food safety and hygiene important when preparing and handling food?

Here are six reasons why handling food safely is important:

1. Protection from foodborne illnesses and other food-related injuries

The main objective of food safety is to protect consumers of food products from foodborne illnesses or injuries related to food consumption. Foodborne illnesses are a major threat to food businesses and affect everyone all over the world as a result of inadequate food safety.

These effects are mainly caused by foodborne pathogens that may include harmful bacteria, fungi, yeasts, parasites, or viruses. Additionally, chemical contaminations, such as artificial chemical substances , heavy metals, and excessive food additives, can also cause foodborne illnesses and acute poisoning. Depending on the nature of your products, a microbiological hazard is expected to survive with inadequate food safety control measures.

Foodborne infections and injuries can also arise as a result of physical hazards such as shards of glass, pieces of metals, or any hard objects that have contaminated your food in production. Physical contamination can enter the food supply chain at any point. With proper food safety measures, you can ensure that the food you serve safe food and that the chance of infection is low.

Big 6 foodborne illnesses

2. Reduced cost from food safety issues

U nsafe food with proven safety issues may be deemed unfit for consumption and may merit being disposed of. Defective product recalls cost companies more will, affect profits, and can even cause business closure. The cost of food recalls is not only seen in terms of profits.

If the food safety issue has reached a widespread scale, you may be liable to pay for medical expenses or lawsuits concerning damages. Consuming unsanitary food may lead to hospitalization and contribute to the cost of human health care.

3. Reduced waste

Food products that have been proven to have food safety issues may be subjected to disposal. Through safe food handling, a food business can cut waste as a result of a better food production process .

Food safety management systems are also designed to detect and control food hazards even before they enter production, which can lead to more waste if processed further.

4. A better way of living

Any foodborne illness affects productivity in consumers. Once afflicted, consumers can function well and may even need hospitalization in extreme cases. These events cause dramatic disruptions in everyday activities.

If food safety practices are applied in a food service establishment, these cases can be prevented . Everyone can enjoy the delights that foods bring and healthy life without the inconvenience and dangers of food safety hazards.

5. Sustainable food production

Some food production practices have already received negative feedback from different communities because of the negative effects they contribute to the environment. Safe food handling includes food manufacturing processes that not only protect the consumer but also consider the environment.

Practices such as reducing synthetic fertilizers that can leach into food products are controlled under food safety legislation. In addition, food safety practices include assurance of clean drinking water and the reduction of air, sewage, and other environmental pollutants, which significantly contribute to the environment.

These practices go a long way and can significantly affect consumer confidence. Contaminated water can easily affect all other ingredients and enter the human body since water is a key ingredient in almost all processes.

6. Safer food globalization

All food hygiene legislations are designed to protect consumers from food safety matters . Adhering to these comprehensive guidelines makes your products as competitive as possible, especially in the fast-paced globalization of the food industry. With proper food safety management systems, routes to a broader distribution channel become open for your food business.

Secure food safety compliance using our smart Food Safety Management System . With our innovative and AI-powered software, food business managers can ensure compliance using smart tools, such as our real-time dashboard that shows the team's everyday food safety task progress. Users can also get task notifications that will remind them of important tasks that need to be done on time. 

Real-time dashboard from the FoodDocs software that will help food managers supervise the team remotely

The benefits of food safety: How does good food safety help to save lives?

Food safety plays a great role within the entire food chain more than we think it does. Food businesses are required to implement food safety management systems to protect the health of consumers from any foodborne disease. Beyond this concept, food safety contributes as well to solving food insecurity. 

When properly implemented, food safety practices can:

  • Detect and control food safety risks and
  • Contribute to economic prosperity, food security, and continuous and sustainable development .

By providing safe food for consumption, continuous food movement for everyone can be ensured. The many benefits of food safety in various aspects of life prove why food safety is important for everyone.

The concept of farm-to-fork (or farm-to-table) and principles of food hygiene and safety are well-known in the food industry.

This concept tells us that food safety should be observed right from the beginning when uncooked foods are just being produced, up until the finished product reaches the consumer. Standard food safety practices for growing produce have been established in laws such as the Food Safety Management Act in the United States. The farm-to-fork concept emphasizes how food safety hazards can occur at any point in the food supply chain.

The ultimate goal of food safety is to create a sustainable and secure food source for everyone. This goal aims to emphasize the enjoyable food experience while ensuring that the food we get is safe. When all participating parties in the entire food chain, food processors, suppliers, the government, and consumers, play their role in food safety, this goal can be achieved.

Who has responsibility to ensure the safety of food?

And what are critical responsibilities for food safety?  

Government regulatory bodies establish standards and laws for food safety

  • The manager's most important food safety responsibility is training you to handle food safely

Customers must be knowledgeable about food safety

Each member of the food supply chain has a role to play in the food safety concept. All roles are vital and invaluable in the process. Whether you are a food business owner, government personnel, or a customer, your role cannot be replaced. Food safety is everyone's responsibility. 

Here are some ideas on the roles of major food industry players in the management of food safety:

Food regulatory bodies are responsible for establishing food safety standards on food handling, food and personal hygiene, and distribution.

Federal agencies are also responsible for ensuring that distinct consumer rights are upheld and that concerns about food safety are properly addressed. Some of the well-known regulatory agencies include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA FSIS) in the United States and the Food Standards Agency (FSA) in the UK.

These agencies, together with the presiding government, create food laws and federal regulations that aim to prevent food safety concerns such as foodborne illnesses or infections . Government bodies are accountable for public health and also perform food safety risk communication. They also hold the authority for imports and regulate any food product that goes in and out of their countries . They regulate the use of chemical additives and ensure "pollution-free" food.

They are also responsible for monitoring the implementation of these laws and food safety rules to ensure active food safety compliance of food retailers, catering outlets, and other businesses. Government food safety regulatory bodies prepare appropriate sanctions for non-complying food businesses to uphold any international standard .

Some food agencies conduct food safety inspections and external compliance audits of food manufacturing companies. They provide certification programs and auditing services to update food businesses with the new laws and federal regulations that keep safe food. In the UK, the FSA is responsible for providing food hygiene rating to food businesses. 

Who is responsible for food safety in a food business or store?

The manager's most important food safety responsibility is training you to handle food safely.

As food business operators who manage manufacturing operations, some of your biggest tasks in managing food safety include:

  • Implementing
  • Reminding your team members about common food safety hazards and how to control them

You are similarly responsible for building an effective food safety protocol for the welfare of your food business to show your concern for health care. Your implementation of a food defense plan must follow international and domestic food safety standards and laws related to the industry you are in.

As such, you have to research and update the knowledge of your team about food safety regulations and related scientific disciplines.

Food business operators play a great role in maintaining food safety. Effective food safety management is achieved by applying a proactive approach to identifying the food safety hazards of your business and establishing control measures for all of them.

To achieve these responsibilities, a food handler must disclose its company information to the food safety regulatory bodies through an inspection for proper assessment and gain consumer trust. To further prove commitment to the health and safety of consumers, managers in charge of food safety can acquire certification for food manufacturers.

Although unusually emphasized, consumers also have a great role they should play in maintaining food safety. The first responsibility of a consumer is to demand safe foods from food manufacturing companies and food handlers.

Consumer opinions and demands emphasize the task of food business owners to uphold high food safety standards. In addition, it is also the responsibility of the consumer to be educated and aware of food safety practices and foodborne illnesses. Once the products arrive at your households safely, the responsibility to keep the product safe for consumption becomes yours partly. 

Some reports about foodborne illnesses have been linked to the consumer's lack of knowledge and awareness about proper food safety practices. Customers are required to know how to properly handle, process, and store the products they buy as instructed by the producer, as these are based on international standards. The information about food safety that customers must possess does not need to be very advanced.

Basic knowledge about cross-contamination , risks of hazards, and proper preventive measures would do great. Some activities that easily go unnoticed but are vital to maintaining food safety may include proper handwashing , sanitizing the working area, and proper segregation of fresh produce and cooked foods.

Food safety is a concept that only becomes effective if all food industry players work together. Food laws and regulations may be present, but without complying with them, food safety will not be effective. In the effort to control food safety within the whole food chain, education about food safety hazards, proper training, and certified food handlers are keys.

A model example of food safety practices is a restaurant food safety system. Restaurants deal with lesser complex raw material receiving, storing, processing, serving, and distributing food products when compared with big manufacturing operations. Despite this, a restaurant's food system is a simple yet great design for food safety systems . 

In a food business such as a restaurant, food safety is controlled by a mandatory food safety management system in compliance with food regulations stated in food laws . This program is implemented by the food business owner or manager and applied and practiced by the whole team, including the quality assurance supervisor, service personnel, chef, and even the visitors. Each member of the system contributes to controlling food safety.

Having detailed safety programs would enable your team to identify which points of your operation would hazards most likely occur and what preventive and control measures would be most appropriate .

During receiving, your food safety plan must contain thorough inspection directives to detect any outright visible hazards. An example would be passing the raw materials through a metal detector or more advanced technologies.

At the processing stage, your chefs and personnel must follow food safety standards for food preparation and cooking. Standards such as properly cooking the food to the correct internal temperature using a food thermometer to check, separating raw food items from cooked materials, and maintaining prescribed adequate temperature control during service are included in a food safety system.

Restaurants are expected to uphold a certain level of food sanitation . Contaminants in food must be found nowhere within the food service area. This can be achieved by properly and regularly sanitizing all surfaces, such as counter tops, that come in contact with food. 

As a food worker, the manager's most important food safety responsibility is training you to manage food safety hazards and apply corrective actions properly should standards be breached. All of these components are parts of a comprehensive food safety plan. For start-up businesses and even those that have been in the food industry for a long time, having a detailed food safety management plan would be the best way to ensure food safety.

Completing these documents and food safety procedures in the fastest way possible is our main goal at FoodDocs. Our services can help you create a HACCP Plan in 1 hour, set up your food safety management system in just 15 minutes, and implement it immediately. You are very welcome to browse and test our services at FoodDocs with our free 14-day trial .

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Who is responsible for implementing food safety management systems?

To create a food safety system, your food business must come up with a team dedicated to food safety. Opportunities in the food safety sector range from food safety and health officials to food safety field inspectors and senior managers for food safety. With the ultimate goal of protecting public health from food illnesses and other food-related issues, these jobs play vital roles in  the food supply chain.

Food safety officer / Food safety leader

Quality assurance / control officer, operations manager, food safety and operations personnel.

A food safety officer is a qualified employee with extensive experience and knowledge about food safety. They are food safety experts and have a vast knowledge of regulations. An officer may be hand-picked or voted as the best representative to implement and monitor food safety management systems in a food business. They are overall in charge of food safety tasks in a business.

As a food manager, this employee must be knowledgeable and updated on the current food safety news, laws, and regulations locally and internationally for food protection. They must understand the core of food safety and advanced food safety principles. The food safety officer also must ensure that all other food business operators follow proper food safety practices during any operations process. Food safety officer compliance audits concern all fields of processing that can affect food safety.

Some of the other tasks of a food safety officer include:

  • Lead the conceptualization and implementation of the company's food safety management system.
  • Supervise and monitor employee practices before, during, and after operations.
  • Conduct internal audits on the different sections of the food business as a food safety inspector.
  • Suggest improvements for food safety practices and coordinate with involved departments. 
  • Ensure a high level and control of food safety standards in the company.
  • Issue notice and appropriate corrective action in case of questionable products.
  • Conduct basic food safety training for employees.
  • Coordinate with food safety agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for food safety inspections.
  • Have an awareness of recall processes.

Although their title suggests mainly being concerned with the quality of the products, it is also part of a quality officer to detect malpractices and food safety hazards in operation. They are part of the inspection program personnel. Included in their task is to document and report any deviation from the standards of the production process. Other tasks involved in being a quality assurance officer may include:

  • Collecting samples for comprehensive food safety hazard analysis.
  • Monitoring production process and maintaining standards.
  • Recording and archiving any deviations and appropriate corrective actions applied.
  • Inspecting raw materials upon receiving.

An operations manager's main task is to facilitate the proper use of equipment, scheduling of production, and measurable cost reduction. They are concerned with compliance with standards on the factory floor and administrative duties. This role is vital as a part of a food safety management system team because they are concerned with the design and structures of the operations facility. Additionally, they are also involved in improving the overall performance of the whole production team. In terms of food safety, here are some tasks that an operations manager plays:

  • Ensuring the safety of employees during the production process.
  • Implementing directives of food safety officers in terms of food safety standards while maintaining operational efficiency.
  • Initiating corrective actions and supervising their execution.
  • Monitoring the release of food products with slight non-conformance.
  • Ensuring accountability of food production personnel during operations.
  • Conducting training for operations staff to prevent any accidents.
  • Ensuring proper pre-operational and post-operational sanitation procedures.
  • Preventing the release of unsafe food into the market.

Whether a frontline service employee, food production personnel, sanitation crew, or the chef, all food safety personnel are responsible for carrying out food safety mandates from their respective officers and the law. They focus on food safety compliance and prevent any issues from occurring.

As personnel of the food business, they are accountable for maintaining and executing proper food safety practices and preventive measures during your operations. These employees must secure a food handlers card as proof of their proficiency in working around food.

How has food safety improved or changed during the last decades? Has the knowledge of the topic increased?

In the previous decades, food safety issues have troubled nations worldwide . Widespread foodborne disease outbreaks such as the Jack-In-the-Box foodborne illness outbreak, which was caused by the widespread enterohaemorrhagic E. coli 0157:H7 in the United States, and the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy disease in cattle in the United Kingdom have prompted food safety agencies to seek more effective food safety standards .

These events have also highlighted the participation of consumers when it comes to food safety. The foodborne pathogens in these severe food poisoning outbreaks are still present and are commonly found in perishable food such as unpasteurized milk or raw meat.

This history of food safety has sparked the interest of food regulatory bodies in the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system to increase significantly. After other major food safety issues, the food safety sectors have focused on implementing preventive measures to apprehend food poisoning. After the initial implementation procedures of the HACCP food safety program, incidences of foodborne illnesses have started to decrease significantly.

During the implementation years of the HACCP food safety plan , scientists and government food agencies have gained more information on the nature of different foodborne hazards. This information led to an increase in food safety awareness among food businesses and consumers alike. Initiatives and international benchmarking systems, such as the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI), have also been created to certify similarly-natured food safety management systems.

In addition, laws such as the Food Safety Management Act of 2011 in the United States have shifted the focus of the whole food industry toward preventing food safety hazards. This proactive approach aims to detect food safety hazards before they even happen and prevent further issues . Soon after major outbreaks in the food industry, other international standards for food safety were established.

Although still a major concern, the developments in the field of food safety and advanced technology have made food safety issues manageable.

Food safety standards, laws, and enforcement measures significantly vary depending on the location context. Perhaps some of the most well-known food safety agencies that set international-level standards are from the UK and the US. Below are some differences and similarities between the food safety standards of the US and the UK.

Food legislation

  • HACCP implementation
  • Food allergens

Surveys and food safety inspections

The UK and the US food laws differ in terms of principles and focus. The main food safety legislation in effect in the United States is the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011 (FSMA) which is the most recent reform made to the FDA food safety laws. This law shifted the focus of the food industry and governmental authorities from the containment of food safety issues to a proactive preventive approach. It was established to strengthen national food control systems in the U.S.

The FSMA includes directives on maintaining food safety within the whole food supply chain for local and international businesses of the US traditional food market, in addition to the FDA Food Code . 

The law mandates all food businesses to have a risk-based food safety system to identify hazards and establish preventive measures. It is the country's solution to control any foodborne illness outbreak and any concern with food products.

On the other hand, the United Kingdom's main food safety law is the Food Safety Act 1990 . This law is the main framework of all the food regulations of Wales, England, and Scotland. In addition, Northern Ireland mainly refers to The Food Safety Order 1991.

The Food Safety Act 1990 emphasizes the importance of ensuring that food businesses do not have or will remove any material that can damage public health and safety. It aims to protect the interest of the consumers and uphold the quality they demand. Under this food legislation, food safety guidelines on proper food labelling, advertising, and presenting information about food products are included.

HACCP Implementation

The United States food safety regulations do not mandate implementing the HACCP food safety program for most food businesses. Despite this, some industries under the FDA, such as the seafood and beverage industries, must have a HACCP food safety plan in place. In addition, the USDA mandates all food processors handling raw meat and poultry products to have a HACCP food safety system.

Despite having a HACCP plan not being mandatory, the FDA FSMA law requires all food businesses to have a risk-based system for food safety relevant to all other food businesses . This food management system specified by the FDA is called the Hazard Analysis and Risk-based Preventive Controls system or HARPC.

In the UK, the HACCP plan for food safety was only a recommended food safety system until the amendments passed in the early days of January 2006. Under Regulation (EC) No 853/2004, all food businesses in the UK are mandated to implement a HACCP food safety system. In addition to its mandatory implementation, the HACCP system of food businesses is due for scheduled auditing to measure its effectiveness. 

Food Allergens

There are a few differences when it comes to labelling food agents that can cause allergic reactions in the United States and the United Kingdom.

In the US, t he FDA mandates the disclosure of eight major food allergens in all of the food packaging of foods ready for sale. These common food allergen hazards include tree nuts, milk, egg, shellfish, soybean, fish, wheat, and peanuts. Most recently, the allergen sesame was added to the list as there have been increasing numbers of sesame-related food allergy cases in the US. 

The main food safety regulation that is used as a reference for labelling food allergens in any US food commodity is the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA). 

On the other hand, food regulations in the UK require the declaration of 14 different major food allergens. These allergens include celery, peanuts, wheat, soybean, fish, crustacean, tree nut, milk, egg, sulfite, mustard, lupin, mollusk, and sesame seed. Products containing these allergens must always have precautionary allergen labelling. 

Under Natasha's Law of the UK jurisdiction, food allergens must be clearly emphasized on product labels to inform customers of any potential food safety risk. 

The significance of proper handling of food allergens is critical for food businesses . Approximately 400 food allergen recalls are ordered each year. Food allergens can easily spread through cross-contact in food contact materials. 

Use our free Food Allergen Chart to guide food handlers on handling allergenic foods.

There have been several different surveys that aimed to compare the food safety laws of the UK and the US. Despite the many claims that the US food safety management laws are inferior to that of the United Kingdom, a global survey conducted by the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) in 2020 has shown that the UK and the US food safety standards are equally competitive.

The mentioned analysis was based on the evaluation of the core elements of food security:

  • Affordability
  • Availability
  • Quality and safety

In the 2020 study, the UK and the US share the same spot in third place. In the most recent (2021) food security index, the US food security standing fell a few places but was still in the top 10 countries with the best food safety standards. In summary, legislation and food safety guidelines from both countries equally uphold high standards for food safety.

We also have an in-depth article about the Food Standards Australia New Zealand and other important regulations for these countries.

What is one possible function of a government agency that is responsible for food safety?

The main function of government agencies in terms of food matters is to ensure that businesses in the industry comply with all food safety regulations. This objective is supported by functions such as conducting training programs, implementing national food safety surveillance, and verifying compliance through regular inspections. Agencies help reduce food safety risks like food fraud . 

Food regulations may vary depending on your location, but the significance that this aspect of a food business will remain equally significant.

Maintaining compliance with food safety is a task that must be consistently performed in every food business to stay in the industry and prevent any food-related issues.

At FoodDocs, it is our objective to make food safety compliance easy and accessible to all food businesses . We have developed a digital solution that can help food safety teams fulfill tasks more efficiently and ensure that every food safety practice in line within a working day is done correctly.

Task notifications for keeping track of food safety tasks

Customizable monitoring logs with smart solutions for ensuring consistent compliance, real-time overview for verifying daily food safety progress.

Users can get a smart notification system through our mobile food safety application . This system sends food safety alerts to employees whenever a task needs to be done. With this feature, you can help your employees keep track of every task that needs to be done in a day and ensure compliance.

The notification system can also be used for team-management tasks and traceability functions. The system alerts users whenever a training program certification is about to expire, reminding the user to update training programs. Similarly, the system will alert food handlers of product batches that may expire.

Stay on top of food safety tasks and ensure that every operation is done on time by using our smart notification system for your team.

Smart task notifications from the FoodDocs software

After signing up, users can get automatically generated food safety monitoring logs based on the most significant operations needed for compliance.

These monitoring logs and checklist templates are preset according to the user's business profile and can be further customized to fit your operations .

Some of the most useful logs that we can generate for you include the following:

  • Cooking temperature log. A monitoring log to help food handlers record the internal temperature for cooking foods.
  • Fridge/Freezer temperature log. A log for recording the storage temperature condition of freezers and refrigerators.
  • Master sanitation checklist. A checklist schedule that contains sanitation tasks that need to be done in intervals.

Master sanitation schedule

Customizable Master Sanitation Schedule from the FoodDocs software

These monitoring forms come with detailed instructions on how to perform the task correctly and how to monitor them . With these instructions, you can ensure that every food safety operation is done effectively. Users can also utilize this feature to help new employees with the onboarding process.

Secure proper food safety compliance with comprehensive step-by-step instructions on food safety operations.

In addition and to help employees save time, our monitoring forms are also equipped with a pre-fill solution , which automatically fills the logs based on your previously inserted data . This feature can help you improve the accuracy of monitoring and save a significant amount of time for your team .

Our system automatically inserts correct values to temperature readings, and assigned employees must only verify the information.

Our smart software features an essential smart tool that gives food safety managers an overview of their food safety progress status every day. Use our real-time dashboard that reflects an overview of your food safety operations . Save 20% of your time from supervising and micromanaging everything with this feature.

Easily identify areas that need more attention and address them right away. The dashboard shows which food safety operations have been correctly performed and finished and which ones have problems. Use this feature to verify compliance with overall food safety regulations in the food business . 

Always stay updated with the business' food safety compliance throughout all branches with just a glance at our real-time dashboard.

Powered by a machine-learning program and artificial intelligence , our digital Food Safety Management System can help you switch from a paper-based system to a completely digital one in a matter of 15 minutes. All you need to do is answer a few basic questions describing your operations to our system.

With our digital solution, food safety compliance can become more efficient and effective. We cater to the legal and regulatory requirements of major food safety regulations and can help you get compliant in just a few minutes.

Experience how our digital solution can help you and start becoming food safety compliant now. Use our free 14-day trial to try our food safety features first-hand. 

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What is the name of the legislation associated with food safety.

In the US, the Food Safety Management Act of 2011 (FSMA) contains the majority of the most significant regulations on food safety, whereas the Food Safety Act 1990 provides these food safety guidelines in the UK (England, Wales, and Scotland)

What is safe food?

Safe food is any consumable food material that is free from contaminants and has no risk of food poisoning and other negative effects on human health.

It is prepared, handled, and stored in a manner that prevents the growth and spread of harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or chemical substances.

Safe food is produced according to strict safety and quality standards to prevent foodborne diseases. 

Why is it important to keep food safe?

Foodborne illnesses arise as a result of improper food handling procedures. Activities to keep food clean and safe protect consumers from these food-related issues.

Why are food safety and food hygiene important?

Proper food safety and food hygiene practices prevent food contamination concerns that can cause health issues. They prevent the production of unsafe food.

What is food safety, and why is it important?

The definition of food safety refers to the application of preventive practices at any point in food-related operations, such as receiving, storing, processing, handling, and distributing. Food safety practices ensure that all operation steps will not have any food safety hazards and that a company is delivering safe food to consumers.

What is the easiest way to prevent cross-contamination?

Some of the best food handling practices that can prevent cross-contamination of food include frequent handwashing with soapy water and proper segregation of cooked and uncooked foods to prevent direct contact. As an example, keep raw poultry, meats, unwashed fruits, and eggs separate from bread and other ready-to-eat foods. Utensils used to prepare these food ingredients must also be separated. Use separate cutting boards for raw and cooked foods.

What are the principles of food safety?

The four main principles of approach to food safety are to Clean, Chill, Store, and Cook food properly to control food safety hazards.

What is a food hazard?

A food or health hazard is any article that could contaminate food products at any point of the food processing operations and can cause foodborne illnesses and other food-related injuries. Contaminants in food can be biological, chemical, or physical. 

What are the 3 types of hazards?

The three main types of hazards include biological, physical, and chemical hazards. In recent developments, long-term exposure to radiological has been considered a major concern for people with weak immune systems, such as pregnant women and the elderly, in addition to allergen hazards.

A food handler's duties regarding food safety include all of the following practices:

  • Food safety testing samples for microbiological soundness. 
  • Following food safety guidelines.
  • Maintaining personal hygiene at all times.
  • Conducting food inspections and audits based on food safety. 
  • Submitting complaints directly to the competent authorities or health departments.
  • Serving or directly distributing food to consumers.
  • Preventing contamination of food products throughout the food production life cycle.
  • Addressing any concern about food safety.
  • Controlling microbial food contamination and health hazards in the food business.
  • Ensuring proper containment of food.
  • Ensuring adequate food supplies for the company.

What makes enforcing safety standards a challenge for the Food and Drug Administration?

One of the biggest challenges for the United States FDA is handling any food import report. The FDA is responsible for ensuring that every batch of food shipment that comes to the United States must follow the established laws about food safety.

START USING A DIGITAL FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM  

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The Importance of Food Safety: Top Food-Related Public Health Issues

November 8, 2023

View all blog posts under Articles

A lab technician tests produce for contaminants using a microscope.

Food is key to achieving and maintaining good health — and to promote healthy behaviors, food must be accessible and safe. Anything less can increase the challenges to communities and individuals who seek to be healthy and well-nourished.

Public health professionals play a vital role in maintaining a high level of food safety and security. It’s an important area of focus, as food safety impacts people of every age, race, gender and income level. There are several key elements of food safety for officials to consider, from rapidly advancing technology and growing worries over food security, to lingering post-pandemic impacts and persistent concerns over chemicals. Public health professionals with the right education should fully understand the importance of food safety and its impacts on society.

Why Is Food Safety Important?

Maintaining a consistent level of food safety is critical to a fully functioning society. Consuming unsafe foods or not having access to food can have profound negative ramifications and cause a plethora of public health issues. As of 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates 1 in 6 Americans fall ill each year due to contaminated food, and around 3,000 Americans die annually because of various foodborne illnesses.

The impact of food safety issues can also carry an economic impact, as falling ill from unsafe foods can lead to a loss of work productivity and increases in medical expenses. According to the CDC, the U.S. incurs a cost of around $15.6 billion annually due to foodborne illnesses.

Public health officials are in a position to be stewards of food safety. They can minimize food safety through coordinated efforts with state and local health departments and federal agencies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Food Safety and Inspection Service.

4 Food-Related Public Health Issues

The challenges to food safety and security cover a broad scope, and this means they can impact communities and individuals differently. The scope of these challenges can also be fluid, as new threats to food safety may emerge to create new issues. As such, public health officials must be aware of the key food safety issues as they arise and as they evolve, so they can effectively minimize their impact.

Food Insecurity

Food insecurity is a term ascribed to a socioeconomic condition where a household has uncertain or limited access to adequate food. It’s a situation shaped by complex factors, including employment, income, racial inequities and neighborhood conditions. Lack of transportation to grocery stores or the proliferation of “food deserts” — areas with limited access to full-service grocery stores — can also fuel the issue.

The USDA divides food insecurity into two separate classifications. The first, low food security, indicates “reduced quality, variety or desirability of diet” with “little to no indication of reduced food intake.” The second, very low food security, indicates “multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake.”

Food insecurity is a widespread issue that carries a disproportionate impact. A USDA study found 10.2% of American households experienced food insecurity at one point in 2021, a percentage that translates to 13.5 million individuals. That included 26.5% of low-income households; 19.8% of Black, non-Hispanic households; and 16.2% of Hispanic households.

The New Era of Smarter Food Safety

In 2020, the FDA launched a blueprint called the New Era of Smarter Food Safety. Its goal is to use technology to improve food safety. This strategy advances the objectives put forth by the FDA’s Food Safety Modernization Act by providing public health officials with more ways to address food safety proactively.

The blueprint features the following four core elements.

  • Tech-Enabled Traceability: Creates a system that allows for the rapid tracking of food, enabling public health officials to find foods that may cause outbreaks with greater efficiency
  • Smarter Outbreak Response Tools: Combine root-cause analyses of past outbreaks with predictive analytics to predict future outbreaks, allowing public health officials to take steps to prevent outbreaks before they occur
  • Food Safety Culture: Encourages and promotes a culture that acknowledges the importance of food safety
  • Retail Modernization: Seeks to integrate food safety with online grocery services by educating key points on the supply chain about safety practices

Modern technologies are also having an impact on food safety. Safety in online food shopping is becoming increasingly important, as trends suggest that Gen Zers are having a greater influence on retail shopping as they enter adulthood. According to Food Insight’s 2022 Food and Health Survey, 35% of adults aged 18–24 grocery shopped online at least once a week in 2022. Overall, 25% of American adults shopped for groceries online at least once a week.

Chemical Contaminants in Food

Chemical contaminants such as food additives and food preservatives remain a top concern not only for public health officials but also for consumers. The 2022 Food Insight survey noted 48% of polled consumers listed chemicals as their chief food safety concern, the eighth year in a row that this particular subject topped the list. In this case, “chemicals” represented a host of sub-categories, including cancer-causing chemicals, pesticides, food additives and ingredients and heavy metals.

Another longstanding concern is bisphenol A (BPA), a food and beverage packaging chemical. While many individual countries have restricted its use, its continued use in other countries draws concern. These worries come in the wake of studies suggesting correlations between BPA and asthma in school-age girls.

The Lingering Impact of COVID-19

Public health officials played vital roles during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. While COVID-19 was not spread through food, the pandemic did encourage the food industry to improve awareness of food hygiene and virus transmission. These practices, such as an increased focus on proper hand-washing, food and utensil washing, cooking temperatures and guarding against food cross-contamination, have remained in place as the pandemic wanes. This promises to help mitigate the spread of other pathogens.

The pandemic also exponentially increased food deliveries, which ballooned to a $150 billion global industry in 2021 — more than three times the total in 2017, according to McKinsey & Company. This growth caused consumers to consider other aspects of food safety, such as possible tampering and delays in grocery storage.

Promote the Importance of Food Safety as a Public Health Professional

Knowledge is power when it comes to keeping people safe from foodborne illnesses. Public health professionals are uniquely positioned to help inform and educate the public about the importance of food safety, as well as any persistent and evolving concerns. They can apply their skills to prepare the population to face foodborne illnesses before they can become major health crises.

USC’s online Master of Public Health program can help you take a bold step toward a career in public health. The program offers personalized guidance from public health thought leaders, giving you access to insights on topics such as environmental science and health and human behavior. Additionally, you can specialize your studies by choosing one of five concentrations: Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Community Health Promotion,  Health Services and Policy, Global Health and Generalist.

Find out how USC can prepare you for a rewarding career in public health.

Recommended Readings

Choosing the Right Diet for Your Health

The Importance of Disease Prevention

Social Justice and Public Health in 2022

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC’s Role in Food Safety

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food Delivery Safety

CNN, BPA Linked to asthma in School-Age Girls, Study Finds

Environmental Defense Fund, FDA Agrees to Reconsider Safety of BPA in Food Packaging

Food Insight, 2022 Food and Health Survey

FoodSafety.gov, 4 Steps to Food Safety

Healthy People 2030, Food Insecurity

Mayo Clinic, What Is BPA, and What Are the Concerns About BPA?

McKinsey & Company, Ordering In: The Rapid Evolution of Food Delivery

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Security Status of U.S. Households in 2021

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Supply Chain

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Food Imports

U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, Food Safety

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, New Era of Smarter Food Safety

Learn More About Our MPH Program

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Example Of Food Safety Essay

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Health , Medicine , Security , Human , Study , Genetics , Food , Safety

Words: 2500

Published: 03/20/2020

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Food is a necessity because it is essential to human beings’ survival. For this reason, food production is a crucial function in modern life because processes and initiatives determine the quantity and quality of food produced and distributed to consumers. Food production, however, is not an easy process. In some cases, food consumed by people not only cause illnesses or various diseases but also lead to death. As a result, producers around the world adopted various measures to ascertain the quality of food and the health and safety of consumers. Solving food safety is a variable process primarily because issues that threaten this are diverse. The research focuses on identifying current and relevant issues that threaten food safety particularly improper food handling, preparation, and storage practices, and the strategies and practices that organizations employ in order to address food security that affect the health and wellbeing of people. The discussion focuses on the problems in food safety and their implications on human life. After presenting issues concerning food safety, the discussion also includes recommendations on how people would be able to address the foregoing problems to ensure that they consume high quality food. Solutions to food safety problems include increased awareness about food handling and storage, as well as increased reliance on organic food. Science could also contribute to the foregoing problems by introducing non-harmful ways to produce plant and animal food sources and offset the outcomes of climate change on agriculture and food production.

Consumption and Food Safety

One of the most important issues when it comes to food and consumption is safety. Food is a basic necessity because it perpetuates the survival of human beings. Nonetheless, food could place people’s lives at risk. People die after consumption if food contains deadly organisms such as bacteria or virus, poison, and other harmful substances. Some sources of food in nature are also prohibited for consumption because they are harmful to people’s health. For the foregoing reasons, food safety is important when it comes to curbing incidences of death and illness due to food. Aside from the presence of deadly organisms on food, other reasons or factors that contribute to food safety issues include improper handling and storage of food. Food items formulate bacteria, for instance, when they are kept under conditions that do not favor the preservation of the food’s quality. Some food items must be frozen, while others must be heated or cooled. Food must also be stored properly to prevent bacteria from formulating on the surface of the food. The foregoing problems have plagued the food production industry for many years. Proposed solutions include the inclusion of ingredients in food to improve its quality and prevent it from decomposition or contamination. Other solutions include standards or guidelines and their implementation in food preparation particularly in restaurants and other food establishments. In recent years, however, one of the primary social issues related to food safety include the quality of food. Various health institutions raised this issue because of the increasing number of illnesses caused by low food quality. Some of these illnesses are also serious and the leading causes of death around the world. Illnesses such as cancer, heart diseases, and diabetes, for instance, are outcomes of poor food quality. Proof to the alarming rate of unfortunate circumstances linked to food safety is the growing number of cases involving food poisoning or the onset of diseases due to consumption of unsafe food. The number of articles about food safety published over the years (See Figure 1) have significantly increased over time, thus, signaling the growing number of issues related to safety and intensifying the need to immediately address the problem.

Cultural and Sociological Relevance of Food Safety

Since the objective of the research is to view a specific issue from the cultural and sociological perspective, we are going to explore some of the issues linked to food quality. Aside from the content of food, this issue is also cultural in nature because it is tied to the food consumption practices in other countries. In a discussion about food quality, Kent (2012) pointed out that food choices often affect our health. Hence, in countries where people’s choices are scarce or are limited to specific types of food following cultural practices such as religious traditions, the quality of their food and consumption differs from that of others. Aside from religion and culture, lifestyle and beliefs as well as personal preferences as influenced by news and science are also some of the factors that affect people’s choices when it comes to food consumption. Kent mentioned Jews and Muslims as examples. Due to their religion, Jews and Muslims follow restrictions when it comes to food consumption. Both groups are averse to the consumption of pork, which may be an outcome of their religion rather than health concerns. Nonetheless, because of Jews and Muslims’ aversion to pork, they consume better food choices because pork is excluded from their diet. Due to safety issues concerning pork, such as contaminations with various bacteria (Bottemiller, 2012) as well as drugs and other substances that may harm human beings upon consumption (Consumer Reports, 2013), Jews and Muslims are saved from various hazards that may arise if they consumed pork (Kliebenstein, n..d). Aside from Jews and Muslims or other groups that set restrictions about their diet, other people that choose to live a healthy lifestyle are those that are also at lesser risk of being affected by food safety issues. Often, these people learn about food production so they would be aware about the origin, production, and handling of their food. People living a healthy lifestyle prefer less processed organic food handled delicately to preserve the freshness and the nutritional content of these food items. Furthermore, they learn how to prepare food so they would obtain nutritional benefits of organic food. Overall, people that follow rigid cultural or lifestyle practices when it comes to food consumption consume healthier and therefore, safer food products.

Food Security and Food Safety

Kent (2012) also raised another issue concerning food safety and quality. One of the main problems regarding food is security. Various factors threaten food security especially during the next decades. The increasing population threatens food supply since it would be inadequate in meeting the needs of billions of people around the world. Another factor affecting food security is climate change. Global warming, the continued warming of the earth, contributes to climate change. Climate change consequently affects agriculture. Unpredictable rain patterns bring drought in farm lands particularly in Africa because unlike before, long gaps between downpours dry the land damaging plants in the process. It is for this reason that starvation and malnutrition persist in various African countries as well as other regions experiencing climate change. To offset the outcomes of overpopulation and climate change on food supply, as well as issues concerning food security, scientists introduced the genetic medication of plants and animals as one of the solutions to produce more food and meet consumption demand and ease food security around the world (Schmidhuber & Tubiello, 2007).

Genetic Modification of Food

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were injected with specific substances that would allow them to produce food even under difficult conditions or in bigger and greater amounts than organic food sources. Through genetic modifications, for instance, poultry are able to produce more eggs. Moreover, poultry mature faster than free range chickens. In this way, poultry producers would be able to meet the demand for this product. Some animals such as salmon are genetically modified to grow to bigger sizes than the average size of this species. Genetically modified plant sources, on the other hand, also mature faster than organic plants and yield bigger produce. Although the genetic modification of plants and animals is well-intentioned, the outcomes of which challenge food safety because of the possible impact of GMOs on people’s health. While some people embrace genetic modification as one of the viable solutions to food supply and security issues, others question it because of health implications. People who protest against companies or organizations that produce GMOs not only argue against the ethical implications of genetic modification but also raise the issue of health. Although some studies prove that GMOs are healthy and safety for consumption, hence their widespread distribution and production, some research studies link consumption of GMOs to diseases including cancer. For this reason, genetic modification is a food safety issue because it could possible affect people’s health in the long run. In one study, researchers fed laboratory rats with GMOs for a long period of time. After doing so, the researchers then studies the subjects’ anatomy and discovered that the rats’ continuous consumption of GMOs damaged their major organs – the kidney and liver (Walia, 2014). Moreover, the content of GMOs greatly disrupted the subjects’ hormonal levels. Although supporting research studies are scarce as of the moment, the study was published in a reputable journal publication. If we are to base our conclusions about GMOs on the research study, we may then surmise that people’s continuous consumption of genetically modified food could also eventually lead to human kidney and liver damage, as well as hormonal imbalance.

The Use of Drugs in Food Production

In relation to food security, many farmers rely on different substances or drugs to increase their yield. Illness is one of the reasons, for instance, that lower the number of poultry and livestock production. To solve the problem, farmers administer drugs to animals in order to increase their immunity to diseases (Consumer Reports, 2013). Although this practice is not questionable per se because using antibiotics helps increase the life span of animals and ascertain their maturity prior to production and distribution, antibiotic use is a food safety issue because of its implications on food consumption. Prior to distribution, some farmers feed livestock and poultry with substances to flush out antibiotics from their system. Nonetheless, this is not always the case as this process is not full proof. Scientists studied cooked meat to determine if they contain drugs or substances. Research outcomes show that traces of drugs were found in meat even if it was cooked (Consumer Reports, 2013). Furthermore, scientists found antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the same product. The implications of which are far-reaching and alarming because if drugs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria remain and survive in cooked food, human beings would consume it. People would be affected by veterinary drugs injected to livestock and poultry and worse, they would ingest bacteria and get sick but will not be able to treat their illness with antibiotics. If the bacteria ingested by people is deadly, then they would pass on because medicine would not work against antibiotic-resistant organisms.

Solutions to Food Safety Issues

As formerly noted, food safety relates to culture and sociological practices including lifestyle. Jews and Muslims who avoid consuming pork are less at risk for contracting diseases brought about by consumption of meat. Individual preferences also affect food consumption and therefore, safety. Hence, one of the solutions in maintaining food safety is people’s adoption of positive habits or activities, even if borrowed from other cultures or religions, towards the goal of consuming healthy and safe food. Awareness plays an important role in accomplishing this objective. People must be aware of food safety issues so that they would be more welcoming of various options that would help them prepare and consume healthier and safer food options. One of the more relevant outcomes of the research is the urgency of solving food safety issues. In the foregoing discussion, we pointed out the increasing need to resolve food safety issues because of mounting evidence about risks involving food. Figure 1 shows the significant rise of cases and articles about food safety issues, thus, highlighting this as a pressing global issue. People can become more aware about issues, and therefore, adopt better strategies to safeguard their health and wellbeing by reading these cases and articles. Online and physical news and sources carry different stories and information about food safety. Some articles show proper food handling, preparation and storage while research studies illustrate the impact of certain food items on the health and wellbeing of people. By reading articles related to the issue, people would know how to prepare and handle food properly, and what to do to ensure that they consume healthy and safe food products. Awareness in people could also enable them to come up with solutions themselves and contribute to the body of literature and solutions to address food safety. Scientific and technological developments may also be introduced to address the foregoing problems. Since scientists introduced genetic modification, they could also conduct research studies in order to determine solutions to the detrimental impact of GMOs on human beings’ health. Addressing food security through genetic modification is essential but the health and safety of consumers around the world is paramount. Scientists should therefore prioritize human health over the discovery and development of processes and strategies to increase the number or size of food produced over time. Recommendations, therefore, focus on continued research about food safety and the link between studies in this field to food security in order to prevent practices and strategies in food production that are detrimental to the health of human beings. Figure 1. Number of Articles in Google News Archive Related to ‘Food Safety’

Bottemiller, H. (2012). Consumer reports finds most pork contaminated with Yersinia. Retrieved from: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/11/consumer-reports-finds-most-pork-positive-for-yersinia/#.VIScYTGUeSo Consumer Reports. (2013). What’s in that pork? Retrieved from: http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine/2013/01/what-s-in-that-pork/index.htm Kent, G. (2012). Food quality: An issue as important as safety. Retrieved from: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/07/food-safety-not-just-an-issue-of-immediate-threats/#.VIRvhDGUeSo Kliebenstein, J. B. (n.d.). Pork production contracts and food safety issues. Retrieved from: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Pages/ansci/swinereports/asl-1516.pdf Schmidhuber, J. & Tubiello, F. N. (2007). Global food security under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(50), 19703-19708. Walia, A. (2014). New study links GMOs to cancer, liver/kidney damage & severe hormonal disruption. Retrieved from: http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/07/15/new-study-links-gmos-to-cancer-liverkidney-damage-severe-hormonal-disruption/

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