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How to Tackle IELTS Writing Task 1 Line Graphs Questions & Practicing Line Graphs IELTS questions

In your IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 preparation, you'll need to practice a total of 7 IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 data types. In this post, we'll look at the Line Graphs in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 questions in detail and provide you with many line graphs practice questions.

Table Of Contents

How to tackle line graphs in ielts writing task 1 questions.

• IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Line Graphs Questions List

In a line graph, there are usually multiple lines that show changes over time. In your writing, you need to group information based on lines having similar trends or values, so your essay structure will be as follows:

• Introduction: Paraphrase the question
• Overview: Describe the overall trend or write a general overview of the main groupings
• Body paragraph 1: Describe the first grouping of lines having similar trends or values.
• Body paragraph 2: Describe the second grouping of lines having similar trends or values.

We will use this essay structure for all line graph questions. Now, let’s join IELTS Instructor Tina below to learn how to approach IELTS Writing Task 1 Line Graphs questions.

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Line Graphs

• Question 1 from the video
• Question 2 from the video

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Model Essay

Important functional words are highlighted in red Useful vocabulary and phrases are highlighted in green Synonyms and topic vocabulary are highlighted in blue

The given line graphs illustrates data from a report in 2008 regarding energy consumption in the USA since 1980 with predictions until 2030.

Overall , fossil fuels have shown increases in consumption since the start of the period, with expectations for even more reliance on these fuel sources. Cleaner energy sources have accounted for considerably less consumption with predictions for a similar trend.

Regarding fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, petrol and oil, they have seen steady increases in energy consumption since 1980. Petrol and oil started at 35 quadrillion units in 1980, then fluctuated until 2000, at which point they rose steadily with a prediction of over 45 quadrillion units by 2030. Additionally, coal followed a similar rising trend . It is predicted that it will have surpassed 30 quadrillion units by 2030. Natural gas usage and it is set to level off at around 24 quadrillion units from 2020 onwards.

In contrast, cleaner energy fuel sources all began the period at under 5 quadrillion units and showed declines in their use, with the exception of nuclear, which climbed slightly to 6 quadrillion units in 2005 with solar/wind expecting to see slight increases . Hydropower is projected to remain relatively unchanged until 2030.

PRACTICE QUESTION 1 ON OUR IELTS APP

The chart illustrates consumption of three kinds of fast food by teenagers in Mauritius from 1985 to 2015. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

The line graph depicts the consumption of three types of fast food, (hamburgers, pizza, and fried chicken) over a 30 year period by Mauritian teenagers. Units are given as the number of times each kind was eaten per year.

Overall , hamburgers and fried chicken had become the most popular foods by 2015 with the biggest increase in numbers eaten, while pizza that was the most widely-eaten at the start, declined precipitously in popularity.

With regards to hamburgers, consumption showed a steady upward trajectory from 10 times eaten per year to over 70 times.   Likewise , teenagers in Mauritius ate fried chicken only 5 times per year in 1985 before rising dramatically to a plateau in 2005, then increased slightly at the end of the period to finish as the second most popular food.

On the contrary , although pizza was the most popular food with Mauritian adolescents in 1985, its consumption fell continuously from 60 times a year to just 10 pizzas by the last year.

PRACTICE QUESTION 2 ON OUR IELTS APP

Now that you're familiar with the IELTS Writing Task 1 Line Graphs questions, it's time to practice. Check out the practice questions below.

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Line Graphs Questions

This section presents a list of common IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Line Chart questions. If you want to prepare for the IELTS Writing Test, these questions are a must study.

The chart illustrates consumption of three kinds of fast food by teenagers in Mauritius from 1985 to 2015.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.  

Write at least 150 words.

The chart shows the proportion of working age adults in four countries from 1960 to 2015.  Units are given in percentages.

The chart illustrates Internet usage among a country’s population given by age group in 2010 and 2017.

The line graph shows a rise in homeless persons across England from 2010 to 2016.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make suitable comparisons where relevant.  

The line graph below shows population projections (millions) for German citizens over 65 from 2020 to 2050.  

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features making comparisons where relevant.  

The line graph below shows the monthly ridership of four separate transportation forms in a European metropolitan area between 1980 and 2030.  

The line graph below shows the number of complaints received by the complaints department of a single airline over a six-month period in 2009.

The chart illustrates average CO 2   emissions per person in four European countries between 1975 and 2015.

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030. 

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.  

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• IELTS Sample

20 Recent IELTS Graph samples with answers

The chart below shows how much money is spent in the budget on different sectors by the uae government in 2000..

The charts below show the growth in the population in some of the world’s largest cities as well as the population distribution in urban and rural areas.

The average prices per kilometre of clothing imported into the European Union from six different countries in 1993 and 2003 are shown in the bar chart below.

The bar charts below show the number of hours each teacher spent teaching in different schools in four different countries in 2001.

The line graphs below show the production and demand for steel in million tonnes and the number of workers employed in the steel industry in the UK in 2010.

The bar charts and line graph below show the results of a survey conducted over a three-year period to discover what people who live in London think of the city.

The pie charts below show the online sales for retail sectors in New Zealand in 2003 and 2013.

The number of tourists visiting Malaysia and Dubai from 1995 to 2003 is presented below.

The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey. The pie chart shows the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year.

The graph below shows a survey result of 4000 participants who expressed what important aspects they have learned from the internship they have completed.

The graph below shows the top priorities by business companies in the USA in 2016.

The graphs below show the average monthly expenditure on children’s sports and participation in different sports in the UK from 2008 to 2014.

The pie charts below show the online shopping sales for retail sectors in Australia in 2010 and 2015.

The bar chart below shows Scotland’s exports to the rest of the UK and the rest of the world for the year 2014.

The chart below shows the changes in sales of four different types of books from 2002 to 2012.

The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.

The chart below shows Morocco’s income from different economic sectors in 2003 as well as its income from fishing from 1982 to 2003.

The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who were living alone in 2011. The pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households.

The diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon, from egg to adult fish.

The table below shows the worldwide market share of the notebook computer market for manufacturers in the years 2006, 2007 and 2014.

• Academic Writing Task 1

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IELTS Line Graph (Writing Task One Academic)

Line graphs are the most common IELTS academic task one question type. They can also be one of the hardest types to answer. On this page, you can check out my sample answer for an especially tricky line graph question and find out why it is worth a band nine.

IELTS Line Graph Band Nine Sample Answer

This question below is my band nine answer for a fairly famous task one question. Once you’ve finished, keep scrolling to find out why it would get a band nine and for some extra tips.

The graph below shows the population of India and China from the year 2000 to the present day with projections for growth to the year 2050. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

This graph demonstrates how the number of people in China and India have and will change over time. The graph starts with historical data going back to the year 2000 and continues with predictions up to 2050.

Overall, the population of India will overtake that of China in 2030 and continue to grow through to 2050. Meanwhile, China’s population will peak in the late 2020s before gradually declining.

At the beginning of the graph, in the year 2000, the population of China was 1.25 billion people. According to the graph, this has been growing and will continue to grow to a peak of just over 1.4 billion. After this time, the population will begin to steadily decline, reaching a low point of just under 1.4 billion by 2050.

On the other hand, the population of India has been increasing steadily since the year 2000 and will continue to grow into 2050. In the year 2000, the population of India was 1 billion, far lower than China’s. India’s population will overtake China’s in 2030 when both are just over 1.4 billion people. Its population will continue to grow to 1.6 billion in the year 2050, although this growth will become more gradual over time.

Why is this essay band nine?

At first glance, this looks like quite a hard line graph to write about. After all, you only have two lines to talk about, which means some test takers could run out of things to say. To make things worse, the tenses used to describe this graph are quite complex.

Using perfect continuous tense

When we want to describe something that has been happening non stop for an extended period of time and which are still happening now, we can use the present perfect continuous tense. We often use this tense with ‘for’ and ‘since’. For example:

• I have been living in London since 2020.
• They have been studying hard for the IELTS exam for a year.
• She has been watching that TV show for the last five hours.

To be honest, this is quite a rare tense, but it comes in handy for questions like this. In the essay, I’ve used it for:

• According to the graph, this has been growing and will continue to grow to a peak of just over 1.4 billion.
• On the other hand, the population of India has been increasing steadily since the year 2000 and will continue to grow into 2050.

For both of these sentences, I’ve combined the present continuous with the future tense. This is less clunky than something like ‘The population of India, has grown, is growing and will grow.’

Good Task One Structure

The structure of this answer is exactly how it should be. It has:

• An introduction telling you what the graph is about.
• An overview which gives the key points without going into detail or giving any numbers.
• Two body paragraphs both with a clearly defined topic.

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The 3 Steps to improve IELTS Task 1 Writing – Line Graphs.

By ielts-jonathan.com on 12 September 2018 0

Understanding IELTS Line Graphs Task 1

Before you start learning how to describe line graphs in IELTS Task 1,look at these articles first.

If you are familiar with the content, go to the next section.

IELTS TASK 1 Describing changes and trends          

IELTS TASK 1 Working correctly with numbers      

IELTS TASK 1 Increase your band score with Adjectives/Adverbs

IELTS TASK 1 Using Compare and Contrast language

Line graphs

Line graphs usually two main features that you need to notice – the comparison of two or more units or numbers in the same year, or charts that show changes over a period of time.

For this type of essay it is standard to write a three or four paragraph report.

Namely; The Introduction, the Overview and Two Bodies

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Have a look at my articles below if you need further information

How to write an Introduction

How to write an Overview      

How to write the Main Bodies  

You can now study the line graphs below and look at the suggested structure:

Writing about Line Graphs

Line Graphs are one of the more common types of question in Task 1 IELTS . 

However, visual questions often seem easy to answer, so students often prepare less for these questions

It really is important to prepare for all types of IELTS questions.

The good news is that the preparation won’t take as long as you might think.

All Line Graph will require you to describe a trend within the graph and to compare it to another line.  

A Line Graph may represent a period in the past but may also include projections about future trends.

It’s important to use specific vocabulary such as verbs and nouns , as well as adjectives and adverbs , related to the task.

The grammar might be the past tense and present necessary to describe trends.

If the trend is in the future, the future simple should be used.

You would also need to use specific language such as prepositions of time .

Line Graph Questions follow the same format as any IELTS Task 1 Question:

• Introduce the Line Graph
• Give an overview of the main point/s (necessary for Band 6 and above)
• And provide the detail

This post will explain:

• The types of Line Graph question
• The tried and tested method for answering any map question
• How to write the introduction
• How to write about the detail showing trends and time
• How to finish with a great overview
• The common mistakes IELTS students make

What is an IELTS Line Graph Question?

These questions can be divided into two types: past, present and future trends.

Official IELTS practice questions have featured economy, population, health, technology, education and sales among others. In fact, anything where trends can be described.

More good news is that the same skills and principles can be applied to any graph, whether in the past or future

Let’s consider a typical question first.

A Good Teacher’s Guide to IELTS Planning.

Any good teacher will tell you that to be effective in Task 1  you need to understand  the task quickly and plan an answer quickly too. You can do this like so:

Get an overall visual understanding of the map.

• Paraphrase the question
• Consider an overview
• Identify the notable trends to compare
• Include time to proofread your writing

Gaining an overall understanding of the Line Graph.

A line graph may have a  number of  features  that require vocabulary related to time, number and degree.

So, you should start at the beginning, by identifying the obvious trends.

In the example above, these differences are fairly obvious.

Noticeable trends are radio audiences peak in the morning and gradually decrease during the day, while TV audiences peak in the early evening and then decrease.

However, line graphs are not always as clear as this, and you may need to look more carefully to notice changes.

It’s quite a challenge to write about something you have never seen, so it is important that you  look at other sample line graphs  to get a good understanding of how they might vary.

Don’t worry , it doesn’t need to be perfect, you only have 15 minutes and just need to notice the main features and report them in an accurate way.

TOP TIPS for understanding

• Identify the obvious trends
• Is the trend over time going up, down or stable?
• Is it past situation or future?
• Units are usually about time, are they days, months, years or decades?
• If there is a key, what information is provided on the line graph

By answering these questions you will have already started planning your essay

Good News – Remember the IELTS task is not there to trick you, and you won’t be given a complicated process to describe.

Your task is to report effectively and accurately.

Introduce the Graph

As with any Task 1, you can begin by  paraphrasing sentence (1)

This is the rubric or instructions.

Paraphrasing is a task that is worth learning to do well, and a good knowledge of paraphrasing will also help you in the Reading, Listening and Speaking part of the test.

Simply put, paraphrasing for IELTS means using different words and/or word order so the original meaning remains the same.

In order to remain the same, different words need to be synonyms, so Man, male and person have a similar meaning, they are synonymous, but man, male, person and girl are not all synonymous.

As you can see, all the information in the three sentences has been taken from the question, but it has not been copied.

If you do copy directly then those words are not used towards the word count and you will fail on TASK ACHIEVEMENT.

You need to write it in your own words.

In any Academic Task 1 question you can rewrite (paraphrase) the questions and this will be the first paragraph. 

You can then move on further and consider the next section, the Overview.

Overview of the Line Graph

The ‘ public band descriptors ’ state that to achieve a Band 6 or above for ‘ task response ’ the student must  provide an overview  in a Task 1.

Without one, you are less likely to get a high score.

If you started planning at the beginning then writing a good overview will be a lot easier near the end.

Remember, the questions I asked you to consider.

These should be sufficient to provide the 2 sentences you need to construct the basic overview.

• Is the trend upwards, downwards or stable?
• Count the number of changes?

An IELTS Graph is different to a chart or table as there aren’t usually any key differences to identify.

So, as there are no differences to comment on, you should mention, for example, the  obvious trend upwards, downwards or both.

Providing the Detail

Now that you have completed paraphrasing the question and given the overview, the next stage is to explain the IELTS line graph in detail.

You can do this by:

• Stating the significant trends
• Use verbs and nouns to show upward, downward trends or stability
• Use prepositions to describe time
• Use adverbs and adjectives to show degrees of change

Before you do this you need to consider the most suitable language that reflects the sophistication of the task.

Consider the most suitable language

In order to describe the process well there are three key aspects of language to be considered.

These are vocabulary, prepositions and choice of grammar.

Key Vocabulary for describing Line Graphs

1) Adverbs and Adjectives to show degree of change

2) Prepositions of time

Line graphs require you to be accurate when referring to times on the graph.

IELTS Writing Task 1 Structure

1) Nouns and Verbs for trends

It’s important to be able to vary your language to describe changes you can see in Line Graphs.

Similarities

Up and Down

2) Past and future tense

Line graphs may make predictions about the future so you should use language that indicates that these activities take place in the future and that the date is uncertain.

The Overview

The overview comes just after the introduction and makes a general statement about the main differences between the line graph.  

The overview is quite short, maybe about 2 or 3 sentences. 

Do not go into detail in the overview.

Now I can add the two Body Paragraphs using the language and vocabulary above.

The Body Paragraphs

Varying your language

One final tip for a higher score is variation in language.

It’s a good idea to avoid repetition when using verbs

The chart indicates the average rainfall….   The graph provides data on average rainfall.. .

The same can apply to nouns too,

For example,

There was a fall in the number of international students. (noun phrase)

The number of international students fell (verb)

Common Errors

A very basic error seen in Task 1 introduction is basic verb agreement.

Look at the two genuine examples below

The graph indicate The graphs indicates

In both examples it is unclear about the number of nouns discussed

Here is the correction:

Common Errors using the Past Simple.

• Make sure you practise the Past Simple so you know exactly how to use it.
• Singular or Plural

Notice these examples are incorrect.

There were an increase in production. There was a declines in numbers.

This is a really common mistake In Task 1 writing!

Here are the corrections:

There was an increase in production. There was a decline in numbers.

Finally, check your Essay

Ideally, you need to allow 3 to 4 minutes at the end of the test to check and improve your writing.

Often students don’t do this because they spend 20 minutes writing.

It is far better to write for about 15 minutes and allow 5 minutes to check and improve your writing.

From my experience the points you should check for are:

• Are there any obvious spelling or punctuation errors?
• Are the verbs the correct tense?

Additionally, you should consider these questions, but if you followed my planning advice you should be ok.

• Do the verbs agree with the subject?
• Does the description make sense? Does it follow the visual?
• Is there any repetition in vocabulary?
• Could this be improved with synonyms?
• Have I written over 150 words?
• Have I organised the text into at least 3 paragraphs?
• Have I noticed only the obvious features from the map?
• Have I included the prominent features in the overview?
• Have I NOT included my personal opinion?

Once you have done this, be proud of the final product. 🙂 

Here’s my sample answer, what do you think?

The graph below shows the average radio and television audience throughout the day between October and December in 1992.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

The line graph provides information about average 24-hour audience numbers of both radio and television in the UK over three months in 1992.

Overall, television accounts for the highest audience totals over the 24-hour period. It can also be seen that listening to the radio is primarily a morning and afternoon activity whereas watching the television is more popular in the late afternoon and evening.

During the morning, there are considerably more radio listeners than television viewers with peak numbers at 9 am, before it starts to decrease. However, by about 1 pm, the opposite is true, with TV audiences being slightly higher than listeners between 1 pm and 4pm.

From 10 pm, the number of viewers decreases sharply so that between 2 am and 6 am the number of people either watching TV or listening to the radio is very low and appears to be below 7 per cent of the population.

Word Count (180)

Official Band Score Examples Task 1

If you’d like to see official examples of students work you can do so here .

The Best Approach to Task 2 Writing

Paragraphing in Task 2 Writing

Strong Arguments for Task 2

Writing the Introduction

Writing a Line of Argument

Cohesion for Task 2 Writing

Writing – Benefits of a Foreign University Education

I’m Jonathan

I’ve taught IELTS and University English in more than a dozen universities and schools around the world.

I’m a parent, traveller and passionate about language teaching and helping students achieve their dreams.

Whilst living in Austria or working in Asia, I run IELTS courses to help students get to where they want to be.

If you are serious about IELTS, connect with me to see how I can help you.

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IELTS Writing Task 1 Line Graph Questions: Guide to Write Report of Line Graph

A line graph is another kind of question in IELTS academic writing task 1 and the strategy to write a report on such questions is very similar to the bar chart questions. In this type of question, you may find two types of a line graph: simple and complex.

In the simple single-line graph IELTS questions, you may find one line in the graph, on the other hand, in the complex graph, you may get two or more lines in the graph.

These lines can be of different colours or different types. For such complex line graphs, labels/ legend is given on one side of the graph for you to identify which line corresponds to what data.

Let’s now find in detail how to write a report on line graph IELTS task 1 type of questions in the academic IELTS writing task 1.

Read Question Properly to Write The Introduction

The introduction is the first few lines you write in your report and the following sues can be used to write it:

Reading the questions thoroughly. If you don’t do so, you would be missing out on something important. You can begin your introduction by paraphrasing the line graph question.

Next, have a look at the line graph carefully and check its heading since the heading may give you a better idea of what the line graph is about. For example, the simple line graph in Fig.1 is about Gold Sales in Dubai in 2002.

Lastly, look at the labels on its x-axis and y-axis to find out the units. We will need to include the units in the introduction, for example, “in the period of 5 years from 2017-2022” or “from Jan to Dec 2002” etc.

The three points above will help you write an appropriate introduction to your report.

Analyse The Line Graph IELTS Task 1 Question to Write The Body Paragraphs

You can write one body paragraph in detail if you have got a simple line graph, where you can mention the starting point of a line, the peak points and the trends such as gradually decreasing, constantly increasing, stable etc.

However, if you have been given two or more lines in the graph, you can prefer writing two body paragraphs so that you are able to mention enough details about them.

You can first write about the individual lines in the first body paragraph similar to the simple line graph description. In the second body paragraph, you can compare and contrast the multiple lines together.

Also Read :  Most Common Spelling Mistakes in IELTS and How to Avoid Those?

IELTS Writing Task 1 Line Graph Vocabulary

Use some of the following essential words for line graph description IELTS:

Adverbs Used in IELTS Writing Task 1 Line Graph with Meanings

In the body, paragraphs make sure to use numbers/ data/ dates, etc to support your description of the graph.

The below sentence can be taken as an example to explain the line graph with a clear explanation about rising and fall in the graph. It is important that you notice the rise, fall or other trends in the graph and then use respective words to represent the graph.

“The sale of gold in Dubai in 2002 rose sharply from 200 million dirhams in January to 350 million dirhams in March.”

Explanation:

Based on the above example we have taken, we have explained how the graph works and how we can make use of IELTS writing task 1 line graph vocabulary words listed in the table to use.

• In the above example, we see that “Sale of gold in Dubai” is what the graph is about while it is being represented by two-axis or lines X and Y which are year and sales in million.
• Now we see that the sale of gold has increased sharply from 200 million to 350 million that shows an upward trend in the graph.
• So, we can check the table for Upward trends and use alternate words or meanings to describe the line graph easily.

Compare and Contrast to Find Important Highlights

In order to write about the highlights of a line graph, you should compare the data represented by the lines. For example:

“The sale of gold in Dubai in 2002, rose sharply from 200 million dirhams in January to 350 million dirhams in March. However, in the next four months, the sales dropped down constantly and by July reached almost half of the gold sales in Jan.”

In complex IELTS task 1 line graph questions with multiple lines, you may like to bring out the intersection points of the lines or if two lines are following the same trend or opposite trends over a period of time.

Also mention the peak points at the start and at the end along with the corresponding data and also write whether it was at maximum or at lowest. These important highlights are nothing but the key features that make your writing task very scoring.

Line Graph IELTS Task 1 Sample:

“While the population of bears increased tremendously from near zero to nearly 200,000, that of Dolphins witnessed the opposite trend with their numbers dropping from 150,000 in 2011 to being decimated by the year 2016.”

Include A Main Summary of The Line Graph

A writing task response needs to have a paragraph with the main summary or overview of the line graph, without which one could lose bands. This can either follow the introduction paragraph or be the last paragraph in the report.

“Overall, the monthly sales of gold in Dubai in 2002 fluctuated throughout the year. Whereas the average monthly sale of gold remained between 150 and 200 million Dirhams, it showed an exceptional surge in March to 350 million dirhams and two dips to 100 million dirhams in July and September. It ended the year with the same amount of sales as it had begun with at 200 million dirhams.”

Guidelines For Writing A Report on IELTS Line Graph Questions

Thus, the guidelines for writing a report on a line graph question is as follows:

• Have a clear introduction based on the question.
• Describe the line/ s in the body paragraphs mentioning the trends, etc using appropriate vocabulary.
• Have a main summary or overview in one paragraph, which should have all the main trends of the graph.

Also Read :  How to Do Short Answer Type of Questions in IELTS Reading?

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This article was very helpful for the line graph topics and it provided a detailed information, can you also provide some tips to boost your vocabulary for other sections?

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How to answer line graph essay in IELTS writing task 1 Academics

• IELTS Writing Academics Task 1

Line graph accounts for one of the most popular essay topics in the IELTS writing task 1. In this type of essay, you have to explain the data given in the form of line graphs.

This type of task is particularly asked in academic writing not in general. So, if you are preparing for the IELTS general writing, then you can skip the essay.

The line graph essay in IELTS writing task 1 Academics requires you to write an essay in atleast 150 words. Also, it is required of you to finish off the task within 20 minutes.

Here in this article, we are going to talk about what line graph essays are and how you should answer them to achieve the desired band score.

What is a Line graph essay?

A line graph can be used to show the change in the phenomenon over time.  These types of graphs can be used while plotting the data that have peaks (ups) and troughs. In other words, the line graph helps in highlighting the trends.

What is the main purpose of a line graph?

The main purpose of the line graph is to determine the relationship between two sets of values. In this, one data set is dependent on the other.

In the IELTS writing task 1, you will be required to describe facts or figures presented in one or more graphs, charts, or the topic.  You can be asked to explain a diagram, a device, or a process, as to how it works or functions.

Part 1- part 1 includes the information given in the graph and the question.

Part 2- You should utilize this information to make comparisons and connect the parts of information to develop your answer.

Part 3- the graphics (line graph)

What is the aim of the Line Graph essay test?

The line graph essay task in the IELTS writing section 1 assesses your ability to identify the most important and relevant trends and information in the graph and to give a well-organized overview of it using the right tense and vocabulary.

You will be judged based on how creatively you link the information, language, range of vocabulary used, and its accuracy in terms of the task, and appropriate use of cohesive devices.

Instead of just filling the gaps, focus on relevancy.

Look for how appropriate your answer is to the question.

Structure of Line Graph Essay

The structure is the soul of any essay. Therefore, to confirm your 8+ score in the IELTS writing task 1 Academics, you need to develop a perfect structure of the graph based on your understanding of the question.

Introduction: In the introductory paragraph, you should paraphrase the question.  The introductory paragraph should be a captivating one. While writing the introduction, include the main points and an overview of both the points. 

Overview: Under overview, you can present your understanding of the whole topic and compare the points to stress your point.

Body Paragraph 1: You can discuss the first main issue in paragraph 1.

Body paragraph 2: Discuss the second main issue without breaking the momentum of the essay.

Marking Criteria of the IELTS Writing test

• Task Achievement
• Coherence and Cohesion
• Lexical Resource and Vocabulary
• Grammar Range and Accuracy

How to plan your IELTS Writing Task 1?

1. Analyze the question It is the first step to framing your answer in the IELTS Writing task1 Academics. Read the question; understand the type of question, figures, and axis to frame your answers.

2. Identify the main features For distinguishing the theme and the context, you need to identify the main features in the graph question. Pick 2-3 important trends and elaborate on the same to frame your answers.

3. Brainstorm the ideas and vocabulary Essay writing requires you to be calm and frame your strategy. You have to explain your point with atleast 150 words. Therefore, the usage of the right vocabulary and organization of ideas is critical at this stage.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Line Graph essay test

• Incomplete data analysis
• Writing an explanation of the data
• Not writing an overview
• Mentioning each detail
• Exceeding word limit
• Illogical structure
• Not planning before writing

To conclude, an academic writing task is a task with defined input and output.  It is an information transfer task that relates mainly to the factual content of imputing the diagram.

The assistance of good online training programs like Unlock IELTS with Richa will help you with cracking the IELTS Writing task 1 Academics and help you frame answers that fetch your desired score.  

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IELTS Line Graph Questions

Here, you will find sample single line graph IELTS questions and double or more complex line graphs questions. 

A line chart is common in academic IELTS writing task 1. The line chart is also known as a line graph, in which information is represented using several points joined by straight lines. The line graph shows variation in time. Thus, you will need to show the change in time in your sentences. 

How to attempt Academic IELTS Writing Task 1?

Read model answers

Proportion of population aged 65 and over

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Model Answer

Unemployment rates in US and Japan

The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993 and March 1999. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

CO2 Emissions in the United KIngdom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal

The graph below shows average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per person in the United KIngdom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Model Answer

Fish and meat consumption in a European country

The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Quantities of goods transported in the UK

The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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Graphs FAQs

Are graphs part of IELTS Academic or IELTS General?

Graphs are the Task 1 in IELTS Academic, while Letters are the Task 1 in IELTS General. If you are confused whether to take IELTS Academic or General Academic is for further education and General is for Permanent Residency (PR).

What are the types of graphs and which is the most common?

There are seven graph types

• Combination of two – like table and bar graph.

The order in which they are written – is also how common they are.

What is an appropriate length for Task 1/Graph?

Lower limit – 150 words There is no upper word limit- but if you spend more time on graph, you might not be able to complete Task 2. So, try to write less than 200 words.

How many bands for the graph?

The weightage of Task1 (Graph) is one third and Task2 (Essay is two third). Basically, your bands out of 9 are multiplied by 1/3 in case of Graph and 2/3 in case of Essay. For example: If you score 8 in graph and 6 in essay, your score would be (8+6+6)/3 =6.67 which on rounding off gives 6.5

How much time to spend on the graph?

You can allot the graph your own time out of 1 hour, but ideally graph should not be given more than 20 minutes.

Repetition and synonyms

Repeating a word two three times- doesn’t result in a big band deduction. Wrongly used synonym- A comparatively bigger band deduction. Correctly using synonyms are better than repetition of course. However, repetition is better than using the wrong synonym, because sometimes a wrong synonym changes the complete meaning of the sentence. So, don’t overfocus on synonyms, if you don’t know – don’t force and write the wrong ones. Example: Consequence/Result

Do I need to compare and contrast in each sentence?

No please don’t overuse contrast words because then your graph starts to lose meaning. Ideally total comparisons at four or five places in the whole graph is enough.

Placement of overall?

In short, writing it at the end or writing it after the introduction- both are correct. I used to write overview at the end because Cambridge books follow this pattern. However, it looked forced and last year I tried putting the overall in the 2nd paragraph. This resulted in most of my students scoring better. So now I recommend writing them in the 2nd paragraph after the introduction.

Is it correct to use data in the overall/overview?

No, data should not be used. But data doesn’t mean what’s written on the x-axis, data are the figures on the y-axis. Look at the two graphs to understand what I mean.

The column graph shows the percentage of males in a particular country who prefer watching sports to males who prefer participating in sports. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The chart below shows the number of four different species of fish between 1982 and 2007. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

How many sentences to write in overall?

I believe ideally two sentences is the ideal length. One sentence is too short, and three sentences are too long. With one sentence- we are not able to give all the features. With three sentences- it starts looking like a body paragraph rather than an overview.

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How to Describe an IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Graph

On the following pages there are lessons to teach you how to write an academic IELTS writing task 1 but in this first lesson you’ll get an overview of how to answer a task 1.

You can also view a video of this lesson:

Once you have studied the general structure, you can view other examples by looking at the model graphs that are on this site. 

Alternatively, follow on with these lessons to a variety of strategies and tips to achieve the writing score you need.

Steps to Respond to a Task 1

To analyse this, we’ll look at a line graph. Look at the following question and the graph.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The line graph below shows changes in the amount and type of fast food consumed by Australian teenagers from 1975 to 2000.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

There are three basic things you need to structure an IELTS writing task 1.

• Introduce the graph
• Give an overview
• Give the detail

We’ll look at each of these in turn.

Introduce the Graph

You need to begin with one or two sentences that state what the IELTS writing task 1 shows. To do this, paraphrase the title of the graph, making sure you put in a time frame if there is one.

Here is an example for the above line graph:

The line graph compares the fast food consumption of teenagers in Australia between 1975 and 2000, a period of 25 years.

You can see this says the same thing as the title, but in a different way.

Give an Overview

You also need to state what the main trend or trends in the graph are. Don’t give detail such as data here – you are just looking for something that describes what is happening overall.

One thing that stands out in this graph is that one type of fast food fell over the period, whilst the other two increased, so this would be a good overview.

Here is an example:

Overall, the consumption of fish and chips declined over the period, whereas the amount of pizza and hamburgers that were eaten increased.

This covers the main changes that took place over the whole period.

You may sometimes see this overview as a conclusion. It does not matter if you put it in the conclusion or the introduction when you do an IELTS writing task 1, but you should provide an overview in one of these places.

Give the Detail

You can now give more specific detail in the body paragraphs.

When you give the detail in your body paragraphs in your IELTS writing task 1, you must make reference to the data.

The key to organizing your body paragraphs for an IELTS writing task 1 is to group data together where there are patterns . To do this you need to identify any similarities and differences .

Look at the graph – what things are similar and what things are different? As we have already identified in the overview, the consumption of fish and chips declined over the period, whereas the amount of pizza and hamburgers that were eaten increased.

So it is clear that pizza and hamburgers were following a similar pattern, but fish and chips were different. On this basis, you can use these as your ‘groups’, and focus one paragraph on fish and chip and the other one on pizza and hamburgers.

Here is an example of the first paragraph:

In 1975, the most popular fast food with Australian teenagers was fish and chips, being eaten 100 times a year. This was far higher than Pizza and hamburgers, which were consumed approximately 5 times a year. However, apart from a brief rise again from 1980 to 1985, the consumption of fish and chips gradually declined over the 25 year timescale to finish at just under 40.

As you can see, the focus is on fish and chips. This does not mean you should not mention the other two foods, as you should still make comparisons of the data as the questions asks.

The second body then focuses on the other foods:

In sharp contrast to this, teenagers ate the other two fast foods at much higher levels. Pizza consumption increased gradually until it overtook the consumption of fish and chips in 1990. It then levelled off from 1995 to 2000. The biggest rise was seen in hamburgers as the occasions they were eaten increased sharply throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s, exceeding that of fish and chips in 1985. It finished at the same level that fish and chips began, with consumption at 100 times a year.

Full Model Answer:

The line graph compares the fast food consumption of teenagers in Australia between 1975 and 2000, a period of 25 years. Overall, the consumption of fish and chips declined over the period, whereas the amount of pizza and hamburgers that were eaten increased.

(194 words)

Now you've been through this first introductory lesson, you can go to the next lesson or start viewing some model answers. 

More Task 1 Academic Lessons:

Describing an IELTS task 1 graph over time

This lesson shows you how to write an IELTS task 1 graph or chart that is over time.

IELTS Table: Tips and techniques for a high score.

IELTS Table advice for a high score. Learn how to describe an IELTS table, which is just another way to present data.

Prepositions in Graphs Quiz: Between; from; to; at; of; in; with; by

Prepositions in Graphs: Practice using prepositions in the IELTS test. View a model answer and practice using a gap fill.

Describing IELTS Graphs: Tips to avoid a common mistake

IELTS Graphs: A common mistake In IELTS graphs is to get the subject of the graph wrong. This lesson explains how this mistake is made and show you what you need to do to avoid it. There is a also a practice exercise.

Learn Compare and Contrast Language for IELTS Graphs

Compare and Contrast Language: In the academic IELTS task 1, you have to know the right language if you want to get a band 7 or higher. Practice your IELTS language for bar charts in this task 1 writing lesson.

IELTS Task 1 Line Graph Structure Using Groups

For an IELTS Task 1 Line Graph there are different ways to organise your answer. Grouping information is a good way to get a logically structured response.

Useful Language for IELTS Graphs

This useful language for IELTS graphs looks at phrases for introducing graphs and describing changes

Describing Graph Trends Using the Language of Change

Describing graph trends: In IELTS you must know how to describe the trends that you see in the graph you are given. This lesson provides practice with some common language used to describe trends.

IELTS Process Diagram Strategies and Tips

IELTS Process Diagram: In task 1 of IELTS writing you usually have to describe some kind of graph or chart. But sometimes you get a process. It is therefore crucial that you know how to do this. This easy to follow lesson explains how.

Tips for Organising an IELTS Line Graph

Organising an IELTS Line Graph - This lesson shows you have to improve the coherency of your graph in order to achieve a high band score.

Which Tenses for IELTS are the Most Important?

Candidates often ask which tenses for IELTS are needed in order to do well in the exam. This lesson goes through the grammar tenses and how they apply to the test.

IELTS Bar and Line Graph: How to describe two graphs together

This Bar and Line Graph example shows you how you can write about two charts together in the IELTS test for task 1, with strategies and techniques.

IELTS Pie Chart Strategies and Tips for a Band 7, 8 or 9

This IELTS pie chart lesson provides you with tips and advice on how to describe an IELTS Pie Chart in order to get a Band 7, 8 or 9.

Writing Tips for a Graph in the Future in IELTS Academic

Graph in the future: Sometimes graphs in IELTS refer to a future time. You must know the language to write about these. In this lesson, learn how to write about an IELTS graph in the future. Getting the tenses right is an important part of the IELTS writing task 1.

Take an IELTS Quiz to test your IELTS knowledge

IELTS Quizzes to test and train you on the writing task and task 2 of the IELTS test. Gap fills and multiple choice.

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IELTS Multiple Graph Step by Step

Updated: Jul 27, 2022

IELTS multiple graph questions are quite common in the Academic Task 1 Writing test. Students often panic when they see these as they are worried about having to interpret two different types of data.

However, as long as you’ve learnt how to write answers on each type of graph, you will have no problem with multiple graphs questions.

A question could include any combination of the following:

Table Chart

Here’s our practice question, which includes a pie chart and a table:

The pie chart shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Step 1 – Analyse the question

The format of every Academic Task 1 question is the same, with the instruction sentence (highlighted below) identical in every question. Here is our practice question again.

Every question consists of:

Sentence 1 – A brief description of the graphic

Sentence 2 – The instructions

The graphic – chart, graph, table, etc.

Sentence 2 tells you what you have to do.

You must do 3 things:

1. Select the main features.

2. Write about the main features.

3. Compare the main features.

Step 2 – Identify the Main Features

The graphics in IELTS multiple graph questions should not be difficult to interpret. Each question has been created to test your language skills, not your mathematics ability.

All you are looking for are the main features. These will usually be the easiest things to spot. In most Task 1 questions, you will be looking for two main features in one graph, chart or table. In multiple graph questions, look for one main feature in each graphic.

There will be lots of information in the graphics to help you identify them.

Here are some useful questions to ask? The first question relates specifically to bar charts and line graphs but the rest apply to all graph and chart types.

What information do the 2 axes give?

What are the units of measurement?

What are the time periods?

What can you learn from the title and any labels?

What is the most obvious trend?

Are there any notable similarities?

So, what main feature stands out in each of the graphics in our practice question?

The main features are:

Pie chart: The biggest cause of land degradation worldwide is over-grazing.

Table: Europe had the highest percentage of degraded land.

Step 3 – Write an Introduction

In the introduction, you should simply paraphrase the question, that is, say the same thing in a different way. You can do this by using synonyms and changing the sentence structure. For example:

Introduction (Paragraph 1):

The pie chart illustrates the primary causes of land deterioration across the globe while the table outlines how three different regions were affected by these damaging factors in the 1990s.

Step 4 – Write an Overview (Paragraph 2)

In the second paragraph, you should report the main features you have identified, giving only general information. The detail comes later in the essay. However, with just 20 minutes allowed for Task 1, and a requirement of only 150 words, you won't be able to include many details.

Here are the features we picked out above.

Now form these ideas into two or three sentences with a total of around 40 words. State the information simply using synonyms where possible. No elaborate vocabulary or grammar structures are required, just the appropriate words and correct verb tenses.

For example:

Overview (Paragraph 2):

Overall, it is clear from the pie chart that the main reason why farmland becomes less productive is over-grazing. The data in the table reveals that Europe had the highest percentage of degraded land compared to North America and Oceania for the period recorded.

Step 5 – Write the 1st Detail Paragraph

Paragraphs 3 and 4 of your IELTS multiple graph answer are where you include more detailed information about the data in the graphics. In paragraph 3, you should give evidence to support your first key feature.

Here it is again:

And this is an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 3 :

The pie chart presents two additional key reasons for the decrease in the productivity of agricultural land. These are deforestation and over-cultivation. Although tree clearance is almost as damaging as grazing too many animals, at 30%, it has a 5% lower impact than over-grazing. Excessive cultivation is the least problematic at just over a quarter of the total.

Step 6 – Write the 2nd Detail Paragraph

For the fourth and final paragraph, you do the same thing for your second key feature.

Here’s an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 4 :

According to the table, 23% of Europe’s agricultural land was affected by these damaging practices. This was almost double the percentage in Oceania, the next most affected region. North America experienced by far the lowest level of productivity loss with a figure of just 5% of its total agricultural land.

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IELTS Multiple Graph Questions: How To Ace It

• Blog Details

• September 28 2022
• IELTS AOLCC

IELTS multiple graph questions are quite common in the Academic Task 1 Writing test. Candidates often panic when they see these graphs and charts as they are worried about having to interpret two different types of data.

However, as long as you know how to write essays on each type of graph, you will have no problem answering multiple graphs questions in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1.

The process for writing IELTS multiple graph essays is the same as for any other Academic Task 1 essay.

Here is the 6 steps process:

• Analyse the question
• Identify the main features
• Write an introduction
• Write an overview paragraph
• Write the body paragraph 1
• Write the body paragraph 2

Let’s take a look at this sample question: 

The pie chart shows the main issues for the traveling public in the US. The bar chart shows reasons for traveling using public transport in the US in 2009.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

In the question above, you are asked to summarise both a pie chart and a table. You could also be given a line graph and a bar chart, a pie chart and a line graph, or any other combination. You may think it’s scary to attempt this question but it is not.

Here is how to answer this question. First, follow the 6 steps we mentioned in the beginning. This could be a possible answer to the above multiple graphs question:

The bar chart gives illustrates the 5 main reasons Americans intend to commute in public in the US in 2009 while the pie chart shows the main concerns of Americans in using public transportation.

The most common reason that Americans use public transportation is to travel to their workplace and back home again. However, the high cost of the fare tops the list of problems usually they encounter when traveling using public transportation. The area allotted to pedestrians was of the least concern.

On the one hand, there are five main purposes why Americans traveled in public in 2009. The main reason was traveling to and from work (49%) followed by personal reasons and shopping with 19% and 16% respectively. The data also shows that they used public transport for recreational purposes (10%) and lastly when they visited friends or relatives (6%).

On the other hand, the cost of traveling is their main issue in using public transportation garnering 36% while concerns about their safety came second with 19%. The data also illustrates concerns about aggressive drivers and traffic problems with 17% and 14% respectively. Accessibility to public vehicles and space for pedestrians were also mentioned with 8% and 6% correspondingly.

Here are some tips when answering multiple graph questions:

• Analyze the question to find topic words, micro keywords, and action words.
• Identify the major features discussed in the charts or graphs. 
• You can paraphrase the question in the first paragraph of your answer.
• Never mix up the descriptions. This will make things complicated and difficult to follow. Writing about the first one and then the second one is a good practice for a bar and line graph or any others that appear together.
• The answer should be divided into clear logical paragraphs.
• Make sure you use paraphrasing, synonyms, and some less common words. 
• Ensure your answer has no grammatical errors. The sentences should be made up of multiple clauses and have a variety of structures. 

Now use what you’ve learned about how to answer multiple graphs questions in Writing Task 1 in this blog, you should start practicing more and more sample questions. Start slowly at first and keep practicing until you can plan and write a complete essay in around 20 minutes.

Once you’re ready to take the IELTS Writing Test, book your test date in advance .

Visit the  IELTS AOLCC  website to select the ideal dates for your  IELTS  Test. You can book the  IELTS test centres in Kingston , London,  Brampton , and  Mississauga . 

If you have specific requests or queries, you can send an email to  [email protected] . 

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IELTS Writing Multiple Graphs

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Instead of having one line graph, bar chart, table or pie chart, you could have a combination of two of these. This may seem scary because of the additional graph or chart, but it is really not that much harder.

If you practise writing multiple graph questions using the following guide you will be fine on the IELTS writing test.

Step 1: Understand the Charts

As with all of these writing task 1 questions, it helps to understand what the graphs are showing you first of all. In multiple graph questions, the two graphs will be linked in some way. This should be the first question you are thinking about – what is the link between the two graphs.

To find this link, it may help to think about what the two individual graphs are showing first of all. As with other graph-based questions, make sure you understand what all of the numbers refer to.

Step 2: Write the Introduction

As with any other IELTS academic writing task 1 question, the introduction should consist of:

• paraphrasing the description of the data;
• an overall trend.

Paraphrasing

You need to sum up what the two graphs show in your opening sentence. This can be done by paraphrasing the description provided, for example:

The graphs below show the percentage of students who studied for different amounts of time for a test and the average score students obtained based on hours studied.

We need to take the ideas in this sentence and put it into our own words:

The two graphs provided compare the amount of time students studied for an exam with the mean score they attained.

Overall Trend

As with other task 1 questions, we are looking for an overall trend. In this case, it may just be commenting on a trend in one of the two graphs. In the graphs below, for example, you may just write that the majority of students studied more than 51 hours or that the optimum amount of time for preparing for the exam was between 76 and 100 hours.

Step 3: Write the Body

In the body paragraphs, you need to write about each of the graphs. As you have two graphs to write about, it makes sense to have two body paragraphs.

The First Graph

Generally, you will probably want to start with the graph on the left. However, there is no rule that states you have to do this. If you feel it makes more sense to start with the graph on the right, then there is no reason why you shouldn’t do this.

Remember that in the body we want to use several figures from the graph. We can combine groups and talk about them together where it makes sense to. For example, about the pie chart, we could write:

The largest group of students, who made up almost 40% of students surveyed, studied between 51 and 75 hours. A similar number (39%) studied more than this, with almost a tenth of students studying more than 100 hours. Less than a quarter of students spent less than 50 hours studying for the test.

The Second Graph

After dealing with one graph, you need to deal with the other. You can start a new paragraph with the phrase “turning now to …”

As with the first graph, you need to refer to figures and at least mention all of the groups in the chart.

For example, you could write:

Turning now to the bar chart, the highest average score (approximately 88) was achieved by those students that studied between 76 and 100 hours. Those putting in more hours were the next most successful group with an average of around 82. Students studying between 51 and 75 achieved an average score of about 75. Scores then decreased the fewer hours students spent preparing, down to 41 for those who studied the least.

Step 4: Write the Conclusion

When dealing with multiple graphs, the key point to include in the conclusion is how the two graphs are connected. For these graphs we can write:

Despite 76 to 100 hours being the optimum amount of study to prepare for the exam, the majority of students spent less time studying.

Practice Questions

Click here for all IELTS writing task 1 practice questions and sample answers.

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IELTS Writing Task 2: Most popular 50+ Essay Topics of 2024

• Updated On May 28, 2024
• Published In IELTS Preparation 💻

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) writing section is a 1-hour test that comprises two questions: task 1 and task 2, which assess your vocabulary, grammar, word count, collocations, and ability to construct complex sentences with moderation and without repetition. 

Table of Contents

To begin, it is pivotal to understand that the IELTS essay topics vary for IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training Tasks. In Task 1 of IELTS Academic, you must write a report on a graph, diagram or chart, whereas, for IELTS General Training Task 1, you must write a letter. Task 2 of the General and Academic modules is essay writing; while the topics for essays in both modules may differ, the essay writing strategy remains the same. 

Examiners use the following criteria to calculate Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 scores: Task Achievement, Task Response, Coherence, Grammatical Range and Accuracy, and Lexical Resource.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 for Academic

The IELTS Academic Writing section consists of two tasks that must be completed in one hour: 

Writing Task 1

In Task 1, you are assigned a graph, visual information, table or chart, which you are required to describe in your own words. You must write a report in 150 words, accurately describing what the information in the graph or picture represents. The IELTS writing task 1 marking criteria accounts for 33% of the total IELTS writing evaluation score, and you should try to finish this part in 20 minutes or less because IELTS writing task 2 is more difficult and will take at least 40 minutes to complete.

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Writing Task 2

 IELTS writing task 2 marking criteria has a 66% weightage, where you must complete a 250-word essay in 40 minutes. Candidates must respond to a problem, a point of view, or an argument in this task, with a curated response. The essay’s content should be written with perfect grammar and focused solely on the topic. As task 2 holds more weight, candidates should devote significant time to it and ensure a properly curated essay for a good band score. 

Let us now review some fundamentals of IELTS essay structure that you can apply to this task. A typical writing piece includes an introduction, the main body consisting of a few paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the introduction, you should write the context of your issue and a thesis statement representing the main idea of your text.

The central section of your essay will discuss various facts and arguments that support or oppose the thesis statement. Finally, restate the thesis statement, bolstering it with new details from the main body. 

Here’s a list of the latest IELTS essay topics and sample questions to help you efficiently prepare for task 2 of the IELTS Writing section.

Latest IELTS Essay Topics for 202 4

IELTS essay writing topics are usually based on current events and world affairs. You will find a series of essay writing topics for IELTS in the following listicles. Also, one of the most effective ways to prepare for answering essays in the Writing section of IELTS is to work on the sample essay questions. The topic categories and essay writing samples to help students looking for the latest IELTS essay topics are stated below:

Environment

• Environmental Crisis: One of the most common topics in IELTS is the environment essay IELTS band 9. Many students, however, do not see the need to prepare for this because it is one of the most specific topics resulting in a loss of marks. 

Click here for the Environmental Crisis essay sample and answers for practice.

• Global Warming: It is common for IELTS speaking and writing sections to include questions about broad discussion topics, such as climate change, the greenhouse effect, global warming, and deforestation.

Click here for the Global Warming essay format, sample and answers for practice.

• Sustainable Energy: If you are unfamiliar with the framework and concepts of an essay, it can be a daunting task. All of the sentences must be related and formed in such a way that they provide a clear view and information. You may be penalised if you veer off-topic while writing your essay. Sustainable energy and nuclear power topics are debated topics; hence practising them will give you an edge over your peers. 

Click here for the Sustainable Energy essay structure, sample and answers for practice.

• Fossil Fuels: The IELTS essay topics for writing task 2 are usually based on common themes frequently discussed in the average aspirant’s daily life. One such theme is the use of renewable energy sources in place of nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels.

Click here for the Fossil Fuels essay sample and answers for practice.

Personality

• Importance of First Impression:  IELTS examiners have a short attention span and read hundreds of essays daily. Hence, it is pivotal for you to get the start right and make a good first impression in your First Impression is Important IELTS essay.

Click here for the Personality essay sample and answers for practice.

• Hobbies: ‘Hobbies’ is a common theme in both the IELTS Writing Task 2 and the Speaking section. This is a simple, mark-fetching topic with few challenges for students taking the exam.

Click here for the Hobbies essay sample and answers for practice.

• Fashion: Fashion is a recurring topic with global themes and one of the best topics to practise your public speaking skills.

Click here for the Fashion essay sample and answers for practice.

• Importance of Leisure Activities and School Values: The IELTS Essay on Education is one of the most challenging tasks, with unpredictable questions in the exam. These education essay topics, like the Importance of leisure activities, are opinion-driven and assess students’ ability to express their knowledge and skills thoughtfully.

Click here for the Education essay sample and answers for practice.

• Government and Society: As an IELTS exam candidate, you should review as many common topics for Writing Task 2 as possible. One such common IELTS test theme is government and society, with which you should be well-acquainted. 

Click here for the Government and Society essay sample and answers for practice.

• Ideal Society: Candidates should practise sample questions and answers for the Ideal Society IELTS essay to gain a firm grasp on writing and vocabulary and improve their overall band score.

Click here for the Ideal So c iety essay sample and answers for practice.

• Social Media: Social media essays are a popular topic in IELTS writing task 2. For a social media IELTS essay band 9 and similar topics, the most straightforward approach is maintaining the proper word count and being aware of various approaches to the topic.

Click here for the Social Media essay sample and answers for practice.

Business & Global Consumerism

• International Trade: Over the years, one of the topics covered in the IELTS exam has been global business. Your answer for such topics should contain everything; your responses, solutions, arguments, reasons, opinions, and evidence are critical to answering the question.

Click here for the International Trade essay sample and answers for practice.

• Management and Leadership: In any organisation, leadership and management are critical roles. Your essay for such topics should always be pertinent to the question.

Click here for the Management and Leadership essay sample and answers for practice.

• Foreign Languages: Foreign languages and language barriers are recurring themes in the IELTS writing task 2. Express your own opinions on such topics. 

Click here for the Culture essay sample and answers for practice.

• Sports and children: Sport is a recurring theme, and the essay content should not deviate from the main points at any point in the essay.

Click here for the Sports essay sample and answers for practice.

• Covid impact: The topics of IELTS Writing task 2 are usually drawn from current events worldwide, making Covid-19 an anticipated topic. 

Click here for the Covid 19 essay sample and answers for practice.

• Obesity: Overweight essays are among the most common topics in IELTS writing task 2. Obesity, recent trends in health among children and adults, and other similar topics may also be discussed in relation to overweight.

Click here for the Health essay sample and answers for practice.

Types of IELTS Essays

IELTS essay writing topics are usually classified under various sections. You can expect essays in the IELTS exam from any of the following types:

1. Opinion Essays 

In this essay category, you must discuss your opinion on the given topic. Naturally, the best way to score high in such essays is to have prior knowledge of common topics that are popular in the IELTS exam. 

Sample Questions:

• Most teenagers today own a smartphone. Provide your opinion to discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
• Crime novels and TV series have become quite popular in recent years. What is your opinion about these crime dramas?
• Developing nations often require international assistance. Many believe that this assistance should be monetary, while some think practical help and advice would be more beneficial. Discuss both these views along with your opinion.
• Many consider automobiles to be the biggest source of pollution in urban areas, while some believe industries are responsible for it. Explain both views and provide your opinion.
• Many people believe individuals involved with creative arts should be financially supported by the government. Some others believe they should find separate resources. Discuss each of the views and give your opinion.
• Some believe success in life comes from hard work, dedication, and motivation. While many believe success depends on other important factors like money and appearance. Discuss both views and provide your opinion. 
• Many think that governments should fund programs in search of life on other planets. However, others believe governments should focus on unresolved issues on the planet. Provide your opinion and discuss both views.

You can also check out this detailed guide on Opinion Essays to learn the appropriate structure for maximum scores!

2. Discussion Essays

In the case of discussion essays, the candidates need to put forward an explanation for or against any given topic. Such essays are the most common to appear in the IELTS exam. 

Sample Questions: 

• Many believe living in big cities comes with more advantages than residing in the countryside. Do you agree or disagree with this?
• The shopping habits of people depend more on their age group than on any other factors. Do you agree or disagree with this? 
• More and more children and minors are becoming overweight in developed nations. This is a major problem for most wealthy countries. Explain the causes and impacts of this issue.
• The internet is a great invention that brings a host of advantages for the world population. However, there are several issues in terms of security and control of personal data. Do you agree or disagree with this?
• Advertising prevents originality in people and makes them look the same and do the same. Do you agree or disagree with this?
• Parents today often tend to organise extra classes on weekends or even after school. Do you believe this is at all useful? Or do you think the education provided in school is sufficient?
• Some people believe that capital punishment should be done away with. Do you agree or disagree with this?

We have covered valuable tips & tricks to attempt Discussion Essays that can come in handy in your exam.

3. Solution Essays

For solution essays, you will have to provide a solution to a particular issue. At times, questions might be provided as to why a specific issue has occurred, and candidates have to provide their opinion on the answer.

• The massive movement of people from agricultural areas to cities in search of employment can lead to serious problems in both places. What are the problems, and how can these be solved? 

Check out our sample question and answer on Solution Essays for a more thorough explanation.

Advantage or Disadvantage Essays

In this type of essay, students have to write about a particular topic’s positive and negative sides. Such essays test your argument construction skills and how well you can use English to communicate your views as clearly and coherently as possible. 

• International tourism has greatly benefited many places. However, there have been major concerns about its impact on the local environment and inhabitants. Do the negative impacts of international tourism outweigh the benefits?
• Some countries have recently passed laws to restrict the daily working hours of employees. Explain whether this will have a positive or negative impact.
• More and more people today are visiting extreme places such as Antarctica or the Sahara desert. What are the advantages or disadvantages of such travels?
• Social media is gradually replacing in-person face-to-face contact with many people worldwide. Do the benefits of social media outweigh the disadvantages? 

Use the sample questions from the Advantage/Disadvantage Essay type to practise your writing skills.

Direct Question Essays

For this type of essay, the topics will be provided as direct questions, which students have to answer based on their experiences and thoughts.

• Shopping used to be a routine domestic task in the past. However, today, it has become more of a hobby. Is this a positive trend?
• You can get more information on these rare essay-type questions on our  Direct question essay structure blog.

Preparation Tips for IELTS Writing Task 2

Many students believe they don’t need to prepare much because they speak English reasonably well. Well, the IELTS exam is not that easy. In fact, even native English speakers may find the test difficult. As a result, candidates should prepare for this section rigorously and methodically and start early preparation.

• Begin your IELTS preparations at least 6 months before your intended test date , and ensure to devote some time daily to all 4 sections.
• Choose writing topics for both tasks, especially writing task 2, and try to write about them daily. Time yourself; remember that you must complete both tasks in one hour.
•  Spend significant time learning new vocabulary and brushing up on your grammatical skills. Following that is structured thinking, allowing you to convey your ideas logically. While writing, pay close attention to lucidity, logic, and clarity.
• You should expand your ideas because the IELTS writing task 2 could cover any topic. Go through all the resources like magazines, books, and online materials to expand your knowledge and vocabulary. Additionally, practice as many mock tests as possible. 

As mentioned above it’s only practice that can get you the desire scores. But along with it you also need the best preparation materials and guidance. And the best solution we suggest is to register for the LeapScholar IELTS courses .

Along with live classes from the best IELTS tutors, you’ll also have access to mock tests, speaking and writing evaluations and comprehensive study materials. As a reward you’ll also receive a course completion certificate.

How to Answer Task 2 Essays in IELTS Writing Section?

Students can employ the following steps to successfully enhance their ability to answer essays in the Writing section:

Step 1: Read and Understand the Question

The first step to nailing task 2 essays is to read and understand the question carefully. Most of the time, candidates answer the question without understanding what it demands. Candidates should carefully analyse the question, identify the question type and try to identify the keywords. Finally, they should clearly understand the instructions and then attempt to answer.

Step 2: Plan the Answer

Once students have understood the question, they need to plan the structure of the answer. This will allow candidates to organise their ideas and produce a clear and coherent response. 

Step 3: Write a Solid Introduction

The introduction of the essay should give an idea of what the essay is all about. Make sure to write an appropriate introduction conveying the gist of the essay.

Step 4: Carefully Curate the Main Body

The main body is the essential part of the essay, where you must provide the necessary details. State your points accordingly and substantiate them with explanations, examples, and other relevant data. Once done, you need to give a proper conclusion.

Tips for IELTS Writing Task 2

You can use the following tips to ace their IELTS Writing test:

Although IELTS is a difficult test to master, one can achieve a good score with systematic and consistent preparation. If you require assistance in acing your IELTS Writing Task 1 and 2, our Leap Scholar experts will provide the necessary guidance, tips, and tricks to help you pass your IELTS test with flying colours. If you are planning to prepare for the essay task in the Writing section, you can go through this comprehensive guide to get an idea about the latest IELTS essay topics. You can prepare for the essay task accordingly with the help of sample essay topics and questions provided in the above sections. 

Still unclear about some portions of IELTS, then enrol for IELTS professional coaching. IELTS Prep app by Leap Scholar is a one-stop solution for your study abroad dream. You can access specially crafted lessons by experts accredited by IDP, British Council, and Cambridge. About 1M + students have trusted us with their IELTS prep journey. Join us, download our IELTS prep app and get access to the best resources!

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. how can you score well in ielts writing task 2.

Ans. IELTS Writing Task 2 mainly has four performance descriptors: Task Response, Cohesion & Coherence , Lexical Resource, and finally Grammatical range and accuracy. The scoring happens on four parameters, so follow these and prepare with the correct books and practice questions.

Q. What are the most popular questions asked in IELTS Writing Task 2?

Ans. The different types of questions in IELTS Writing Task 2 include: Problem/ Causes questions, Opinion questions, Advantage/ Disadvantage questions, Discussion of views, etc.

Q. What are the main themes on which IELTS Writing Task 2 questions are based on?

Ans. Some of the broad themes include Environment, Food, Health, Art, Business, Communication, Crime & Punishment and more. Ideas and topics are taken under these broad themes for question framing.

Q. Is it necessary to use complex words in IELTS Writing section?

Ans. Having a good vocabulary is an added advantage. However, difficult words should not be forcefully put in sentences. Your sentences should be organic and should fit the meaning and the context of your essays.

 Q. How to develop ideas for IELTS Writing Task 2 2024?

 Ans. The easiest ways to generate ideas for IELTS Writing Task 2 are by analysing model essays, finding ideas on google, talking to experts, watching movies, asking yourself some questions about the topic, generating main ideas from specific examples.

Q. How many mistakes are acceptable in IELTS Writing Task 2?

Ans. Making one or two mistakes is overlooked by the examiner if the overall essay is good. However, making more mistakes than that can lead to lower IELTS band score.

Q. What are the basic topics in IELTS writing task 2?

Ans. Some of the common IELTS topics for Writing Task 2 are  Art, Environment, Education, Health, Jobs and Employment, Sport, Science and Technology Friends and Family, Government and Society etc.

Q. How can I prepare for IELTS essay writing?

Ans. To prepare for IELTS essay writing, practice writing essays on a variety of topics to improve your writing skills. Focus on structuring your essays with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Familiarise yourself with different types of essay questions (e.g., opinion, discussion, problem-solution) and practice organising your thoughts coherently. Additionally, seek feedback from teachers or peers to identify and work on your weaknesses.

Q. Where can I find sample IELTS essay topics for practice?

Ans. You can find sample IELTS essay topics on official IELTS websites such as the British Council and IDP. Many educational websites and IELTS preparation books also offer a wide range of practice topics. Online forums and study groups often share essay questions from recent exams, providing a good source of up-to-date practice material.

Q. What are the typical requirements for IELTS essay word count and structure?

Ans. The IELTS essay (Task 2) requires a minimum of 250 words. It is typically structured with an introduction that presents the main idea, body paragraphs that develop this idea with supporting arguments or examples, and a conclusion that summarises the key points. It’s important to write clearly and coherently, ensuring each paragraph flows logically into the next.

Q. What are some common IELTS essay topics?

Ans. Common IELTS essay topics include education, technology, environment, health, and society. For example, you might encounter questions about the benefits and drawbacks of online education, the impact of technology on communication, environmental conservation efforts, public health issues, or social issues like the aging population. Practicing essays on these topics will help you become familiar with the kinds of questions you may face in the exam.

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Manisha Angre

Experienced IELTS prep trainer and education management industry veteran. Specializes in public speaking, international education, market research, mentoring, and management.

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How To Write an IELTS Multiple Graph Essay

IELTS multiple graph questions are quite common in the Academic Task 1 Writing test. Students often panic when they see these as they are worried about having to interpret two different types of data.

However, as long as you’ve learnt how to write essays on each type of graph, you will have no problem with multiple graphs questions.

A question could include any combination of the following:

• Table Chart

You'll find lessons on each of them via the links above or in the menu at the bottom of this page.

The process for planning and writing IELTS multiple graph essays is the same as for any other Academic Task 1 essay.

Here is the 5 steps process I recommend that you use:

1)  Analyse the question

2)  Identify the main features

3)  Write an introduction

4)  Write an overview

5)  Write the details paragraphs

I’m going to take you through the whole process step-by-step as we work on a practice question.

Before we begin, here’s a model essay structure that you can use as a guideline for all IELTS Academic Task 1 questions.

Ideally, your essay should have 4 paragraphs:

Paragraph 1  – Introduction

Paragraph 2  – Overview

Paragraph 3  – Details of 1 st graph or chart

Paragraph 4  – Details of 2 nd graph or chart

Now that we have all these tools we need, we’re ready to begin planning and writing our IELTS multiple graph essay.

Here’s our practice question, which includes a pie chart and a table:

The pie chart shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Source: IELTS past paper

Step 1 –  Analyse the question

The format of every Academic Task 1 question is the same, with the instruction sentence (highlighted below) identical in every question. Here is our practice question again.

Every question consists of:

• Sentence 1 – A brief description of the graphic
• Sentence 2 – The instructions
• The graphic – chart, graph, table, etc.

Sentence 2 tells you what you have to do.

You must do 3 things:

1.     Select the main features.

2.     Write about the main features.

3.     Compare the main features.

All three tasks refer to the ‘ main features ’ of the graphic. You  do not  have to write about everything. Just pick out 2 or 3 key features and you’ll have plenty to write about.

Step 2 – Identify the Main Features

The graphics in IELTS multiple graph questions should not be difficult to interpret. Each question has been created to  test your language skills, not your mathematics ability.

All you are looking for are the main features. These will usually be the easiest things to spot. In most Task 1 questions, you will be looking for two main features in one graph, chart or table. In multiple graph questions, look for one main feature in each graphic.

There will be lots of information in the graphics to help you identify them.

Here are some useful questions to ask? The first question relates specifically to bar charts and line graphs but the rest apply to all graph and chart types.

• What information do the 2 axes give?
• What are the units of measurements?
• What are the time periods?
• What can you learn from the title and any labels?
• What is the most obvious trend?
• Are there any notable similarities?

(I give more detail on how to use these questions, plus downloadable checklists for identifying the main features of all 7 different types of IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 questions, in the lesson on  How To Understand & Analyse Task 1 Questions .)

So,  what main feature stands out in each of the graphics in our practice question? Here are the pie chart and table again.

The main features are:

Pie chart:  The biggest cause of land degradation worldwide is over-grazing.

Table:  Europe had the highest percentage of degraded land.

We’re now ready to begin writing our essay. Here’s a reminder of the 4 part structure we’re going to use.

Step 3 – Write an Introduction 

In the introduction, you should simply paraphrase the question, that is, say the same thing in a different way. You can do this by using synonyms and changing the sentence structure. For example:

Introduction (Paragraph 1): 

The pie chart illustrates the primary causes of land deterioration across the globe while the table outlines how three different regions were affected by these damaging factors in the 1990s.

This is all you need to do for the introduction.

Step 4 – Write an Overview (Paragraph 2)

In the second paragraph, you should report the main features you have identified, giving only general information. The detail comes later in the essay. However, with just 20 minutes allowed for Task 1, and a requirement of only 150 words, you won't be able to include many details.

Here are the features we picked out above.

Now form these ideas into two or three sentences with a total of around 40 words. State the information simply using synonyms where possible. No elaborate vocabulary or grammar structures are required, just the appropriate words and correct verb tenses.

For example:

Overview  (Paragraph 2): 

It is clear from the pie chart that the main reason why farmland becomes less productive is over-grazing. The data in the table reveals that Europe had the highest percentage of degraded land compared to North America and Oceania for the period recorded.

Step 5  – Write the 1st Detail Paragraph

Paragraphs  3 and 4 of your IELTS multiple graph essay are where you include more detailed information about the data in the graphics. In paragraph 3, you should give evidence to support your first key feature.

Here it is again:

And this is an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 3 :

The pie chart presents two additional key reasons for the decrease in the productivity of agricultural land. These are deforestation and over-cultivation. Although tree clearance is almost as damaging as grazing too many animals, at 30%, it has a 5% lower impact than over-grazing. Excessive cultivation is the least problematic at just over a quarter of the total.

Step 6  – Write the 2nd Detail Paragraph

For the fourth and final paragraph, you do the same thing for your second key feature. 

Here’s an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 4 :

According to the table, 23% of Europe’s agricultural land was affected by these damaging practices. This was almost double the percentage in Oceania, the next most affected region. North America experienced by far the lowest level of productivity loss with a figure of just 5% of its total agricultural land.

Here are the four paragraphs brought together to create our finished essay.

Finished IELTS Multiple Graph Essay

This  sample essay is over the minimum word limit so you can see that you don’t have space to include very much detail at all. That’s why it is essential to select just a couple of main features to write about.

Now use what you’ve learnt in this lesson to practice answering other IELTS multiple graph questions. Start slowly at first and keep practicing until you can plan and write a complete essay in around 20 minutes.

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Ielts academic writing task 1 – all lessons.

IELTS Academic Writing  –  A summary of the test including important facts, test format & assessment.

Academic Writing Task 1  – The format, the 7 question types & sample questions, assessment & marking criteria.  All the key information you need to know.

Understanding Task 1 Questions  – How to quickly and easily analyse and understand IELTS Writing Task 2 questions.

How To Plan a Task 1 Essay  –  Discover  3 reasons why you must plan, the 4 simple steps of essay planning and learn a simple 4 part essay structure.

Vocabulary for Task 1 Essays  –  Learn key vocabulary for a high-scoring essay. Word lists & a downloadable PDF.

Grammar for Task 1 Essays   – Essential grammar for Task 1 Academic essays including, verb tenses, key sentence structures, articles & prepositions.

The 7 Question Types:

Click the links below for a step-by-step lesson on each type of Task 1 question.

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The Changing Political Geography of COVID-19 Over the Last Two Years

Over the past two years, the official count of coronavirus deaths in the United States has risen and is now approaching 1 million lives. Large majorities of Americans say they personally know someone who has been hospitalized or died of the coronavirus , and it has impacted – in varying degrees – nearly every aspect of life .

A new Pew Research Center analysis of official reports of COVID-19-related deaths across the country, based on mortality data collected by The New York Times, shows how the dynamics of the pandemic have shifted over the past two years.

A timeline of the shifting geography of the pandemic

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to understand how the geography of the coronavirus outbreak has changed over its course. For this analysis, we relied on official reports of deaths attributed to the novel coronavirus collected and maintained by The New York Times .

The estimates provided in this report are subject to several sources of error. There may be significant differences between the true number of deaths due to COVID-19 and the official reported counts of those deaths. There may also be variation across the states in the quality and types of data reported. For example, most states report deaths based on the residency of the deceased person rather than the location where they died. The New York Times collects data from many different local health agencies, and this likely leads to some additional measurement error.

This analysis relies on county-level data. Counties in the United States vary widely in their population sizes, so in many places in the essay, we divide counties into approximately equal-sized groups (in terms of their population) for comparability or report on population adjusted death rates rather than total counts of deaths.

The pandemic has rolled across the U.S. unevenly and in waves. Today, the death toll of the pandemic looks very different from how it looked in the early part of 2020 . The first wave (roughly the first 125,000 deaths from March 2020 through June 2020) was largely geographically concentrated in the Northeast and in particular the New York City region. During the summer of 2020, the largest share of the roughly 80,000 deaths that occurred during the pandemic’s second wave were in the southern parts of the country.

The fall and winter months of 2020 and early 2021 were the deadliest of the pandemic to date. More than 370,000 Americans died of COVID-19 between October 2020 and April 2021; the geographic distinctions that characterized the earlier waves became much less pronounced.

By the spring and summer of 2021, the nationwide death rate had slowed significantly, and vaccines were widely available to all adults who wanted them. But starting at the end of the summer, the fourth and fifth waves (marked by new variants of the virus, delta and then omicron) came in quick succession and claimed more than 300,000 lives.

In many cases, the characteristics of communities that were associated with higher death rates at the beginning of the pandemic are now associated with lower death rates (and vice versa). Early in the pandemic, urban areas were disproportionately impacted. During the first wave, the coronavirus death rate in the 10% of the country that lives in the most densely populated counties was more than nine times that of the death rate among the 10% of the population living in the least densely populated counties. In each subsequent wave, however, the nation’s least dense counties have registered higher death rates than the most densely populated places.

Despite the staggering death toll in densely populated urban areas during the first months of the pandemic (an average 36 monthly deaths per 100,000 residents), the overall death rate over the course of the pandemic is slightly higher in the least populated parts of the country (an average monthly 15 deaths per 100,000 among the 10% living in the least densely populated counties vs. 13 per 100,000 among the 10% in the most densely populated counties).

As the relationship between population density and coronavirus death rates has changed over the course of the pandemic, so too has the relationship between counties’ voting patterns and their death rates from COVID-19.

In the spring of 2020, the areas recording the greatest numbers of deaths were much more likely to vote Democratic than Republican. But by the third wave of the pandemic, which began in fall 2020, the pattern had reversed: Counties that voted for Donald Trump over Joe Biden were suffering substantially more deaths from the coronavirus pandemic than those that voted for Biden over Trump. This reversal is likely a result of several factors including differences in mitigation efforts and vaccine uptake, demographic differences, and other differences that are correlated with partisanship at the county level.

During this third wave – which continued into early 2021 – the coronavirus death rate among the 20% of Americans living in counties that supported Trump by the highest margins in 2020 was about 170% of the death rate among the one-in-five Americans living in counties that supported Biden by the largest margins.

As vaccines became more widely available, this discrepancy between “blue” and “red” counties became even larger as the virulent delta strain of the pandemic spread across the country during the summer and fall of 2021, even as the total number of deaths fell somewhat from its third wave peak.

During the fourth wave of the pandemic, death rates in the most pro-Trump counties were about four times what they were in the most pro-Biden counties. When the highly transmissible omicron variant began to spread in the U.S. in late 2021, these differences narrowed substantially. However, death rates in the most pro-Trump counties were still about 180% of what they were in the most pro-Biden counties throughout late 2021 and early 2022.

The cumulative impact of these divergent death rates is a wide difference in total deaths from COVID-19 between the most pro-Trump and most pro-Biden parts of the country. Since the pandemic began, counties representing the 20% of the population where Trump ran up his highest margins in 2020 have experienced nearly 70,000 more deaths from COVID-19 than have the counties representing the 20% of population where Biden performed best. Overall, the COVID-19 death rate in all c ounties Trump won in 2020 is substantially higher than it is in counties Biden won (as of the end of February 2022, 326 per 100,000 in Trump counties and 258 per 100,000 in Biden counties).

Partisan divide in COVID-19 deaths widened as more vaccines became available

Partisan differences in COVID-19 death rates expanded dramatically after the availability of vaccines increased. Unvaccinated people are at far higher risk of death and hospitalization from COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and vaccination decisions are strongly associated with partisanship . Among the large majority of counties for which reliable vaccination data exists, counties that supported Trump at higher margins have substantially lower vaccination rates than those that supported Biden at higher margins.

Counties with lower rates of vaccination registered substantially greater death rates during each wave in which vaccines were widely available.

During the fall of 2021 (roughly corresponding to the delta wave), about 10% of Americans lived in counties with adult vaccination rates lower than 40% as of July 2021. Death rates in these low-vaccination counties were about six times as high as death rates in counties where 70% or more of the adult population was vaccinated.

More Americans were vaccinated heading into the winter of 2021 and 2022 (roughly corresponding to the omicron wave), but nearly 10% of the country lived in areas where less than half of the adult population was vaccinated as of November 2021. Death rates in these low-vaccination counties were roughly twice what they were in counties that had 80% or more of their population vaccinated. ( Note: The statistics here reflect the death rates in the county as a whole, not rates for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, though individual-level data finds that death rates among unvaccinated people are far higher than among vaccinated people.)

This analysis relies on official reports of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in the United States collected and reported by The New York Times .

COVID-19 deaths in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories are not included in this analysis. Additionally, deaths without a specific geographic location have been excluded.

Data was pulled from the GitHub repository maintained by The New York Times on March 1, 2022, and reflects reported coronavirus deaths through Feb. 28.

There are several anomalies in the deaths data. Many locales drop off their reporting on the weekends and holidays. In addition to the rhythm of the reporting cycle, there are many instances where a locality will revise the count of its deaths downward (usually only by a small amount) or release a large batch of previously unreported deaths on a single day. The downward revisions were identified and retroactively applied to earlier days.

Large batches of cases were identified by finding days that increased by more than 10 deaths and were 10 standard deviations above the norm for a county within a 30-day window. Deaths reported in these anomalous batches were then evenly distributed across the days leading up to when they were released.

Population data for U.S. counties comes from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey estimates published by the Census Bureau (accessed through the tidycensus package in R on Feb. 21). The 2020 vote share for each county was purchased from Dave Leip’s Election Atlas (downloaded on Nov. 21, 2021).

The analysis looks at deaths among counties based on their 2020 vote. Counties were grouped into five groups with approximately equal population. For analyses that include 2020 vote, Alaskan counties are excluded because Alaska does not report its election results at the county level. The table below provides more details.

This essay benefited greatly from thoughtful comments and consultation with many individuals around Pew Research Center. Jocelyn Kiley, Carroll Doherty and Jeb Bell provided invaluable editorial guidance. Peter Bell and Alissa Scheller contributed their expertise in visualization, Ben Wormald built the map animation, and Reem Nadeem did the digital production. Andrew Daniller provided careful attention to the quality check process, and David Kent’s watchful copy editing eye brought clarity to some difficult concepts.

Lead photo: Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images

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© 2024 Pew Research Center

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Bar Chart Example Essay 3

There are so many questions written each year, you may find you practice answering various questions on different topics. It is best practice to learn how to answer each one of the various types of writing task 1 questions , from bar charts, line graphs, maps, process etc.

Take a look at the IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic essay example  below >>

Overall, marijuana or hashish claimed the top spot from both genders whereas lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and recreational use of medical drugs shared the lowest percentage of both male and female students.

Finally, lysergic acid diethylamide and the use of recreational drugs tied at the lowest spot with only 2% from the female students and around 3.5% from the male students.

We hope you found this post useful in helping you to study for the IELTS Test . If you have any questions please let us know in the comments below or on the Facebook page.

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Homeownership vs renting: a socio-economic analysis  | ielts writing task 2, ielts writing task 1 – process example essay 3, leave a comment cancel reply.

Line graph example

Ielts line graph sample essay.

Home  »  IELTS academic task 1  »  Line Graph Sample Essay

Line graphs come up often in IELTS writing part 1. We will show you how to confidently answer questions about line graphs, helping you practice summarising the data and identifying trends.

In this tutorial, we have a band range 6.5 / 7  academic task 1  IELTS line graph example essay graded by an  ex-IELTS examiner  (on our team of essay correctors). There are some great examples of useful feedback to help you improve your own line chart answers.

This line graph tutorial will help you: 

Each criteria has been considered and r eviewed by one of the ex-IELTS examiners on our team. T he different sentences in the essay have been colour coded to correspond to the four  marking criteria  used by the  British Council / IELTS IDP .     At the IELTS podcast website, we also have an amazing essay correction service if you need help with your IELTS writing, so this is an example of the personalised feedback you could receive.

Example line graph question:

The line graph reveals the information of rainfall in three countries: England, Scotland, and Wales for one year starting from January to December in 2018.

Overall it can be clearly seen that in each country the amount of rain in January will be approximately same in the month of December.

Let’s look at the essay above with ex-IELTS examiner commentary on each section.

In England (TR2),   the amount of the rainfall (GR1) in January was recorded just above 100ml, which slightly increased in next month by 5ml, and dipped to 90ml in March. The trend of raising (LR2) and falling continue (GR2) for a couple of months and reached its lowest figure in the graph for the month of June at around 70ml. After that, it is predicted that the level of rain will fluctuate and will remain (TR3) / (GR3) around 120ml in December.

GR3 – Stick to using past tenses here as all the information relates to 2018

In Scotland, the amount of rain in January was 125ml, dropped (CC1) unexpectedly to its lowest level to 20ml (CC2) in February, and rocketed (LR3)   in next month (GR4) to its peak value (LR3) of 135ml. In April, the amounts of rain were less than 50ml, then start went up (GR5) slightly until June. Then after (CC3)   it is predicted to drop until September, the following month it will start climbing up to October, and it will be decreased (TR4) / (GR6) to 50 ml before reaching to 105 ml (LR4) in December.

GR4 – in the next month GR5 – started to go up

In wales (GR7), the rainfall was 50ml in January increased (CC4) slightly in February and decreased to its lowest point in April (LR5) around 30ml. In next month went up sharply to 110ml and dipped   (LR6) by 50ml in June. It is predicted that the highest amount of rain will be in July (TR5) / (GR8) at 125ml and went down just below the month of June’s record. It will remain constant   (LR7) for two months before reaching 105ml in November and it will dip down in December to 52ml.

GR7 – Take care with your use of punctuation. Use a capital letter for the name of a country.

LR7 – Despite the problems with tenses, this vocabulary is appropriately selected.

TR7 – I think this paragraph is intended to be your overview? If so, this would be a useful area to work on as it is one of the key differences between a ‘6’ and a ‘7’ for task achievement.

  Some final practical advice for answering line chart questions in your IELTS test:

Audio tutorial with transcript.

You can download or listen to the audio version here:

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IELTS task 1 line graph video tutorial

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

Title: unioqa: a unified framework for knowledge graph question answering with large language models.

Abstract: OwnThink stands as the most extensive Chinese open-domain knowledge graph introduced in recent times. Despite prior attempts in question answering over OwnThink (OQA), existing studies have faced limitations in model representation capabilities, posing challenges in further enhancing overall accuracy in question answering. In this paper, we introduce UniOQA, a unified framework that integrates two complementary parallel workflows. Unlike conventional approaches, UniOQA harnesses large language models (LLMs) for precise question answering and incorporates a direct-answer-prediction process as a cost-effective complement. Initially, to bolster representation capacity, we fine-tune an LLM to translate questions into the Cypher query language (CQL), tackling issues associated with restricted semantic understanding and hallucinations. Subsequently, we introduce the Entity and Relation Replacement algorithm to ensure the executability of the generated CQL. Concurrently, to augment overall accuracy in question answering, we further adapt the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) process to the knowledge graph. Ultimately, we optimize answer accuracy through a dynamic decision algorithm. Experimental findings illustrate that UniOQA notably advances SpCQL Logical Accuracy to 21.2% and Execution Accuracy to 54.9%, achieving the new state-of-the-art results on this benchmark. Through ablation experiments, we delve into the superior representation capacity of UniOQA and quantify its performance breakthrough.

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Get started with Copilot for Microsoft 365

Copilot for Microsoft 365 combines the power of artificial intelligence (AI) with your work data and apps to help you unleash creativity, unlock productivity, and uplevel skills in a chat experience. 

Like many AI apps, Copilot can find information on the web and write poems, but Copilot for Microsoft 365 can also incorporate your work content, such as chats, emails, and files.

Ready to try it out? Let's get started!

Open Copilot

You can access the chat experience in Copilot in several ways, including:

Use it in desktop and mobile versions of Microsoft Teams. See Use Microsoft Copilot in Teams.

Launch the experience at Copilot.microsoft.com  or Bing.com/chat and select Work . See  Use Microsoft Copilot at Bing.com .

Access it at Microsoft365.com . See Use Microsoft Copilot at Microsoft365.com .

What can I do with Copilot 

Here are a few things you can do with the chat experience in Copilot:

Catch up on things . Copilot can synthesize and summarize large amounts of data into simple, easy-to-digest summaries. See Catch up on things quickly with Microsoft 365 Copilot chat .

Create content and brainstorm . Copilot can help you brainstorm ideas and draft new content based on anything from a storyboard or a script to an agenda or an executive summary. See Create content with Microsoft Copilot .

Get quick answers . Copilot lets you become your own personal search engine. Ask questions about specific files and messages, or find information you know is out there, but you can't remember where it's stored. See Ask questions and get answers with Microsoft Copilot .

In this section, Copilot helps you catch up by providing summaries and updates on important projects, people, conversations, and meetings using generative AI. 

Catch up shows individual cards with relevant updates and prompt suggestions to help you quickly understand the content of relevant materials and recorded meetings you may have missed or may want to revisit. Copilot can also help you prepare for upcoming meetings by suggesting related documents. 

Catch up generates summaries for: 

Documents : Get summaries of documents that you have access to. Summaries help you easily understand the content of documents. Use the suggested prompts to dive deeper into the content. 

Meetings : Get summaries of recorded meetings you may have missed or want to revisit, as well as help to prepare you for upcoming meetings. 

You will only see meetings that you have been invited to. Use the suggested prompts to dive deeper into the information.

Prompt and iterate

A well-crafted prompt leads to better results. 

The keys to maximizing value with Copilot are:

Write great prompts: Your instructions to Copilot matter. Be clear, concise, and specific about what you want.

Embrace iteration: Don’t settle for the first result. Iterate, refine, and experiment to get the best results.

A prompt is your guide to Copilot. It includes:

Goals: What you want to achieve.  I want a list of 3-5 bullet points to prepare me...

Context : Relevant information. ...for an update to my manager.

Details: Specific instructions. Respond with headers for each point and enough detail to provide context...

Data: Any input data you provide. ...and focus on Word docs and email over the last five days.

Tip:  When you’re giving Copilot instructions, you can direct it to specific work content by using the forward slash key (“/”), then typing the name of a file, person, or meeting.  If you write a prompt and don’t reference a specific file, person, or meeting, Copilot will determine the best source of data for its response, including all your work content.

The power of Copilot is often not unearthed with one perfect prompt, but rather, with a little back-and-forth conversation. Did it get close the first time, but focus on the wrong time period? Did it give you a big block of text when you wanted a numbered list? Copilot is a conversational experience, so just follow up with another prompt, and Copilot builds on its initial response to get closer to what you’re looking for. 

How does the chat capability in Copilot differ from Copilot in the Microsoft 365 apps?

The chat capability in Copilot for Microsoft 365 works across multiple apps and content, giving you the power of AI together with your secure work data. Its ability to synthesize information and create things from multiple sources at once empowers you to tackle broader goals and objectives.

On the other hand, Copilot in Microsoft 365 Apps (such as Word or PowerPoint) is specifically orchestrated to help you within that app. For example, Copilot in Word is designed to help you better draft, edit, and consume content. In PowerPoint, it’s there to help you create better presentations.

Help shape the future of AI

AI is exciting new technology, but it’s still early in development and we’re continuing to learn. Sometimes Copilot gets things wrong, so it’s important to check the content that it generates.

Give us your feedback! Please use the thumbs-up and thumbs-down buttons to tell us what you like (or don't like), anything that Copilot gets wrong, or what we can do to improve your experience.

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