soal hiv aids essay

Indeks Soal Essay Hiv-aids

Soal essay tentang hiv/aids beserta jawabannya.

Pertanyaan Tentang HIV dan Jawabannya (Beberapa Tergolong Sulit)

Pertanyaan Tentang HIV | Soal Essay HIV | Soal Pilihan Ganda HIV | Wislah Indonesia |

Pertanyaan Tentang HIV

Tulisan ini berisi kumpulan contoh Pertanyaan Tentang HIV, dengan dua format berupa soal essay ( esai/uraian ) dan soal pilihan ganda, serta dilengkapi dengan kunci jawabannya.

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5 Contoh Soal Essay Tentang HIV dan Jawabannya

1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan HIV?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia dan menyebabkan AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Virus ini menyerang sel-sel CD4+, yang merupakan sel darah putih yang berfungsi untuk melawan infeksi dan penyakit.

2. Bagaimana HIV menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain?

HIV dapat menyebar melalui kontak dengan cairan tubuh yang terinfeksi, seperti darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI. HIV dapat menyebar melalui hubungan seksual, penggunaan jarum suntik bersama, atau dari ibu ke bayi selama kehamilan, persalinan, atau menyusui.

3. Apa yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah penyebaran HIV?

Ada beberapa cara mencegah penyebaran HIV, seperti menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan seksual, tidak berbagi jarum suntik, menghindari kontak dengan darah atau cairan tubuh yang terinfeksi, dan menjalani tes HIV secara rutin.

4. Bagaimana HIV dapat diobati?

Saat ini, belum ada obat yang dapat menyembuhkan HIV sepenuhnya. Namun, ada obat-obatan antiretroviral (ARV) yang dapat memperlambat perkembangan virus dan mencegah penyebarannya ke sel-sel CD4+. Terapi ARV ini dapat membantu seseorang dengan HIV hidup lebih lama dan lebih sehat.

5. Apa yang harus dilakukan jika seseorang telah terinfeksi HIV?

Jika seseorang telah terinfeksi HIV, sangat penting untuk segera mencari perawatan dan pengobatan. Terapi ARV dapat membantu memperlambat perkembangan virus dan mencegah penyebarannya ke sel-sel CD4+. Selain itu, seseorang dengan HIV juga perlu menjaga gaya hidup sehat, seperti makan makanan sehat, berolahraga, dan menghindari merokok.

15 Soal Pilihan Ganda Tentang HIV dan Jawabannya

a. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

b. Human Influenza Virus

c. Human Papillomavirus

d. Hepatitis A Virus

a. Melalui udara

b. Melalui air liur

c. Melalui ciuman

d. Melalui kontak dengan cairan tubuh yang terinfeksi

a. Menghindari penggunaan kondom saat berhubungan seksual

b. Berbagi jarum suntik dengan orang lain

c. Menghindari kontak dengan darah atau cairan tubuh yang terinfeksi

d. Tidak menjalani tes HIV secara rutin

4. Apa yang harus dilakukan jika seseorang telah terinfeksi HIV?

a. Tidak perlu mencari perawatan dan pengobatan

b. Menghindari perawatan dan pengobatan untuk menghindari stigmatisasi

c. Segera mencari perawatan dan pengobatan

d. Hanya perlu menjaga gaya hidup sehat tanpa perawatan dan pengobatan

5. Apa yang menjadi tujuan dari terapi antiretroviral (ARV) bagi seseorang dengan HIV?

a. Menyembuhkan HIV sepenuhnya

b. Memperlambat perkembangan virus dan mencegah penyebarannya ke sel-sel CD4+

c. Meningkatkan risiko penyebaran HIV ke orang lain

d. Meningkatkan risiko terjadinya efek samping dari obat HIV

6. Apa yang dimaksud dengan AIDS?

a. Virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia

b. Kondisi medis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi HIV

c. Kondisi medis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri

d. Kondisi medis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi jamur

7. Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan periode laten pada HIV?

a. Periode di mana seseorang terinfeksi HIV namun tidak menunjukkan gejala

b. Periode di mana seseorang telah sembuh dari HIV

c. Periode di mana seseorang memiliki risiko tertinggi terinfeksi HIV

d. Periode di mana seseorang memiliki gejala AIDS yang parah

8. Apa yang menjadi efek dari penurunan jumlah sel CD4+ pada seseorang dengan HIV?

a. Meningkatkan fungsi sistem kekebalan tubuh

b. Menurunkan risiko terinfeksi penyakit lain

c. Meningkatkan risiko terinfeksi penyakit lain

d. Tidak memiliki efek apapun

9. Bagaimana seseorang dapat mengetahui apakah ia terinfeksi HIV atau tidak?

a. Melakukan tes HIV di puskesmas atau klinik kesehatan

b. Melakukan tes HIV di rumah dengan menggunakan tes HIV mandiri

c. Melakukan tes HIV dengan memeriksa gejala yang muncul

d. Tidak mungkin mengetahui apakah seseorang terinfeksi HIV atau tidak

10. Apa yang menjadi efek dari penggunaan kondom dalam mencegah penyebaran HIV?

a. Menurunkan risiko terinfeksi HIV

b. Meningkatkan risiko terinfeksi HIV

c. Tidak memiliki efek apapun

d. Hanya efektif pada beberapa jenis HIV saja

11. Bagaimana HIV dapat menyebar dari ibu ke bayi?

a. Selama kehamilan

b. Selama persalinan

c. Selama menyusui

d. Semua jawaban benar

12. Apa yang dimaksud dengan terapi kombinasi pada pengobatan HIV?

a. Penggunaan satu jenis obat HIV

b. Penggunaan dua jenis obat HIV

c. Penggunaan tiga jenis obat HIV

d. Penggunaan beberapa jenis obat HIV sekaligus

13. Apa yang harus dilakukan jika seseorang telah terpapar risiko HIV, seperti melalui hubungan seksual tanpa kondom atau berbagi jarum suntik?

a. Segera mencari perawatan dan pengobatan

b. Tidak perlu melakukan apa-apa karena belum tentu terinfeksi HIV

c. Menunggu hingga 6 bulan sebelum melakukan tes HIV

d. Hanya perlu menjalani tes HIV secara rutin

14. Apa yang menjadi efek dari terlambat melakukan tes dan pengobatan HIV?

a. Meningkatkan risiko penyebaran HIV ke orang lain

b. Mempercepat penyembuhan dari HIV

15. Apa yang menjadi perbedaan antara HIV dan AIDS?

a. HIV adalah virus yang menyebabkan AIDS

b. AIDS adalah virus yang menyebabkan HIV

c. HIV dan AIDS adalah hal yang sama

d. Tidak ada perbedaan antara HIV dan AIDS

Terimakasih atas kunjungannya, senang sudah membantu anda.

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• Soal PJOK Kelas 11 Bab 10 HIV dan AIDS ~ sekolahmuonline.com

Soal PJOK Kelas XI Bab 10 HIV dan AIDS

Catatan: Jika ada kekeliruan atau kekurang pahaman, silahkan diskusikan dengan teman belajar atau guru PJOK di kelas Anda. Selamat dan semangat belajar.

A. Soal Pilihan Ganda PJOK Kelas 11 Bab HIV dan AIDS

B. Soal Essay PJOK Kelas 11 Bab HIV dan AIDS

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Soal Hiv dan Aids Kelas 11

Soal Hiv dan Aids Kelas 11 – Halo sobat Dinas.id , inilah rekomendasi contoh soal-soal PJOK kelas 11 SMA untuk Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS) , Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) genap, ganjil, gasal . Oke, mari pelajari kumpulan contoh soal-soal sesuai kisi-kisi pertanyaan tentang Hiv dan Aids .

*(Disertai Kunci Jawaban dan File Bisa di download di akhir soal)

Soal Pilihan Ganda

Oke, bacalah petunjuk di bawah ini sebelum menjawab soal!

Soal Pengesahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945

Soal Arti Penting UUD Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945

Soal Keberagaman Suku, Agama, Ras, dan Antargolongan Dalam Bingkai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika

Pilihlah satu jawaban yang paling benar!

1. Perhatikan!

Saking berbahayanya HIV/AIDS maka diperlukan berbagai upaya yang sangat masif untuk memberikan penyadaran kepada masyarakat agar dapat menghindari dan mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS. Dari beragam upaya yang harus dilakukan tersebut, hal yang paling utama dalam menanggulangi dan mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS di lingkungan sekitar adalah…

a. Mempertebal iman dan takwa agar tidak terjerumus ke dalam hubungan seksual diluar nikah

b. Bila salah satu pasangan sudah terinfeksi HIV maka dalam melakukan hubungan seksual harus menggunakan kondom secara benar dan konsisten. Ketiga konsep pencegahan di atas ini dikenal dengan istilah ABCE ( Abstinence, Be faithful, Condom, Education )

c. Tidak bergaul sembarangan

d. Setia pada pasangan

e. Tidak menggunakan jarum suntik sembarangan, dan tidak transfusi darah dari sembarang orang

2. Perhatikan!

Orang-orang yang memiliki resiko tinggi menularkan atau tertular HIV dikarenakan perilakunya adalah kelompok:

3. HIV adalah singkatan dari Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Virus ini menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh dan melemahkan kemampuan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi dan penyakit. Berikut ini adalah contoh cara penyebaran HIV:

a. Udara di sekitar tempat tinggal penderita

b. Akibat bersentuhan dengan penderita

c. Memakai jarum suntik yang sudah terkontaminasi

d. Air liur penderita

e. Gigitan nyamuk

4. Gejala yang dialami apabila seseorang telah masuk fase pertama HIV adalah …

a. Infeksi saluran pencernaan dan gangguan pernapasan

b. Sistem keebalan tubuh mengalami kerusakan parah

c. Berat badan akan berkurang dengan drastis

d. Rentan terhadap infeksi oportunistik

e. Sering merasakan mual, muntah, kelelahan dan demam

5. Kegiatan orang normal kepada ODHA yang dapat menyebabkan penularan HIV/AIDS adalah …

a. Menyentuh

b. Berbagi jarum suntik

c. Berpelukan

d. Berciuman

e. Memberikan darah

6. Pencegahan HIV/AIDS yang benar dari segi pengetahuan dapat dilakukan dengan cara …

a. Menghindari alkohol dan obat-obatan terlarang

b. Tidak berbagi jarum atau alat suntik dengan orang lain

c. Melakukan hubungan seks yang aman

d. Melakukan hubungan sosial yang baik

e. Mempelajari bagaimana cara HIV menyebar

7. Seseorang yang terinfeksi oleh HIV, maka virus ini akan menyerang ….

a. Sel darah merah

b. Sel darah putih

c. Sel darah merah dan putih

d. Aliran pembuluh darah

e. Dinding pembuluh darah

8. HIV bertahan lebih lama di luar tubuh manusia hanya bila darah yang mengandung HIV tersebut masih dalam keadaan belum mengering. HIV juga mudah mati oleh air panas, sabun dan bahan pencuci hama lain. Karena HIV cepat mati di luar tubuh manusia, maka HIV …

a. tidak dapat menular kepada siapapun

b. dapat menular lewat berbagai cara

c. dapat menular lewat udara

d. tidak dapat menular lewat udara

e. tidak dapat menular lewat berbagai cara

9. Yang bukan cara mencegah tertular penyakit HIV/AIDS adalah …

a. Tidak melakukan hubungan seksual sebelum menikah (Abstinence). Hubungan seksual hanya dilakukan melalui pernikahan yang sah.

b. Bila telah menikah, hanya mengadakan hubungan seksual dengan pasangan sendiri, yaitu suami atau isteri sendiri.

c. Bila salah satu pasangan sudah terinfeksi HIV maka dalam melakukan hubungan seksual harus menggunakan kondom

d. Mempertebal iman dan takwa agar tidak terjerumus ke dalam hubungan hubungan seksual diluar nikah.

e. Penyalahgunaan narkotika dengan suntikan, yang menggunakan jarum suntik secara bersama (bergantian)

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Pelajari Juga: Soal Manfaat Jangka Panjang Dari Partisipasi Dalam Aktivitas Fisik Secara Teratur Kelas 11

Demikian prediksi soal dan jawaban UTS, UAS Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK)   tentang Hiv dan Aids Kelas 11 SMA yang bisa kami sajikan, disimak secara saksama yah. Merdeka Belajar!

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Essay on AIDS for Students and Children

500+ words essay on aids.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or better known as AIDS is a life-threatening disease. It is one of the most dreaded diseases of the 20 th century. AIDS is caused by HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which attacks the immune system of the human body. It has, so far, ended more than twenty-nine million lives all over the world. Since its discovery, AIDS has spread around the world like a wildfire. It is due to the continuous efforts of the Government and non-government organizations; AIDS awareness has been spread to the masses.

AIDS – Causes and Spread

The cause of AIDS is primarily HIV or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus replicates itself into the human body by inserting a copy of its DNA into the human host cells. Due to such property and capability of the virus, it is also known as a retrovirus. The host cells in which the HIV resides are the WBCs (White Blood Cells) that are the part of the Human Immune system.

HIV destroys the WBCs and weakens the human immune system. The weakening of the immune system affects an individual’s ability to fight diseases in time. For example, a cut or a wound takes much more time to heal or the blood to clot. In some cases, the wound never heals.

HIV majorly transmits in one of the three ways – Blood, Pre-natal and Sexual transmission. Transfusion of HIV through blood has been very common during the initial time of its spread. But nowadays all the developed and developing countries have stringent measures to check the blood for infection before transfusing. Usage of shared needles also transmits HIV from an infected person to a healthy individual.

As part of sexual transmission, HIV transfers through body fluids while performing sexual activity. HIV can easily be spread from an infected person to a healthy person if they perform unprotective sexual intercourse through oral, genital or rectal parts.

Pre-natal transmission implies that an HIV infected mother can easily pass the virus to her child during pregnancy, breastfeeding or even during delivery of the baby.

AIDS – Symptoms

Since HIV attacks and infects the WBCs of the human body, it lowers the overall immune system of the human body and resulting in the infected individual, vulnerable to any other disease or minor infection. The incubation period for AIDS is much longer as compared to other diseases. It takes around 0-12 years for the symptoms to appear promptly.

Few of the common symptoms of AIDS include fever , fatigue, loss of weight, dysentery, swollen nodes, yeast infection, and herpes zoster. Due to weakened immunity, the infectious person falls prey to some of the uncommon infections namely persistent fever, night sweating, skin rashes, lesions in mouth and more.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

AIDS – Treatment, and Prevention

Till date, no treatment or cure is available for curing AIDS, and as a result, it is a life-threatening disease. As a practice by medical practitioners, the best way to curb its spread is antiretroviral therapy or ART. It is a drug therapy which prevents HIV from replicating and hence slows down its progress. It is always advisable to start the treatment at the earliest to minimize the damage to the immune system. But again, it is just a measure and doesn’t guarantee the cure of AIDS.

AIDS prevention lies in the process of curbing its spread. One should regularly and routinely get tested for HIV. It is important for an individual to know his/her own and partner’s HIV status, before performing any sexual intercourse activity. One should always practice safe sex. Use of condoms by males during sexual intercourse is a must and also one should restrict oneself on the number of partners he/she is having sex with.

One should not addict himself/herself to banned substances and drugs. One should keep away from the non-sterilized needles or razors.  Multiple awareness drives by the UN, local government bodies and various nonprofit organizations have reduced the risk of spread by making the people aware of the AIDS – spread and prevention.

Life for an individual becomes hell after being tested positive for AIDS. It is not only the disease but also the social stigma and discrimination, felling of being not loved and being hated acts as a slow poison. We need to instill the belief among them, through our love and care, that the HIV positive patients can still lead a long and healthy life.

Though AIDS is a disease, which cannot be cured or eradicated from society, the only solution to AIDS lies in its prevention and awareness. We must have our regular and periodical health checkup so that we don’t fall prey to such deadly diseases. We must also encourage and educate others to do the same. With the widespread awareness about the disease, much fewer adults and children are dying of AIDS. The only way to fight the AIDS disease is through creating awareness.

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I was a middle schooler with HIV. This teacher’s kindness changed me

The following essay was excerpted from Upworthy’s “ GOOD PEOPLE ,” by Gabriel Reilich and Lucia Knell, available now wherever books are sold.

I received my death sentence at 2 years old, with 11 years to live if I was lucky. I took 36 pills every day, crushed into food and drinks, hoping it would give me more time. A guinea pig for new treatments, I spent more time in the hospital than I did on the playground. I was too little to understand that my childhood deviated from the norm. If you’d asked me at that age, “Hey Lexi, what’s it like to be sick?” I wouldn’t have had an answer — sickness was all I’d ever known. It’s like that joke about the fish. You ask the fish, “How’s the water today?” The fish replies, “What’s water?”

At 4 ½, I lost my mother to the same virus I had — the same one she unknowingly gave me. Her death was a drop in the water in which I swam — a drop so charged and potent it changed the color of my world.

Shortly after this, I started kindergarten. When the harsh reality of my illness hit full force, she wasn’t there to help me swim.

At school, during nap time, I wasn’t given pillows or blankets, or allowed to sleep near the other kids. Staff laughed at me while I put my legs through my jacket sleeves to stay warm. In first grade, if I spit or bled, I was sent home. I had my own bathroom, and was relegated to the far corner of the classroom. You see, I wasn’t just ill with a typical cold or flu; I was ill with an invisible virus everybody feared.

My first lesson in school was this: You, Lexi Gibson, are not a kid to be loved. You are something unknown, something to be feared.

Middle school was a nightmare; bullying was on the daily agenda. Most of the time, no one sat with me during meals; I’d say I felt invisible, but it was actually quite the opposite. I was the laughingstock of the school, routinely shoved back and forth between people, all of whom jeered while calling me names. Paper wads and pennies were thrown at me during class. The day I died inside had to be the afternoon I showed up to science class to find huge scrawled letters on the door:

Lexi has AIDS.

Usually when a person has a terminal illness, they’re met with empathy and love. But my HIV diagnosis provoked ridicule and loathing.

In seventh grade, though, I got lucky: Mrs. Marks was my science teacher. She was the only person in the whole school to treat me like a normal human being. She was the oxygen to my water, and didn’t allow anyone to bully me under her watch. Funny and bright, she wasn’t charismatic in a showy way, like a teacher in a movie who stands on a desk. She was grounded and empathic. She was real.

So, one day, at lunch, instead of signing up for another round of human target practice, I walked into her classroom and asked, “Could I eat with you?” She said, “Sure” — like a person who’d actually enjoy my company. After that day, her classroom became my safe haven. I don’t think we talked about it, the bullying. But I knew she knew. She was one of those people, capable of unspoken understanding.

Nothing momentous happened in that classroom; that’s what made it special. Mrs. Marks and I would sit and talk, watch movies or listen to music. Sometimes I’d draw or do homework. Sometimes we’d sit and be quiet, and it wasn’t awkward; it was revelatory. 

You see, in the water I swam in, chaos was the norm. At home, at school — people yelling, slamming doors, beating me, screaming insults. Even louder than that was the noise inside my head: the internalized mean girl on a loop. The one who told me without hesitation that I was worthless, a freak, unwanted and impossible to love. I believed what everyone told me. But when I ate lunch with Mrs. Marks, for 50 minutes, the noise went away. For the first time since my mother died, I experienced something deeper than quiet. I experienced peace.

Abandoned by my father at 14, I found myself on my deathbed at 15, my organs shutting down. My adoptive mom (another story) fought hard to get me into a medical study with new medication that would “hopefully” save my life. I wasn’t hopeful. I’d been in studies my whole life. Hope required energy I no longer had.

But I was wrong. This time, the drugs worked. My viral count dwindled until it virtually disappeared. Undetectable, they called it. I won’t say it was a miracle and risk undermining the collective effort of thousands of scientists who dedicate their lives to making things like this possible. But I will say it felt like one.

I’m not going to lie. My problems didn’t just go away; there’s no drug you can take for that. A lifetime of being treated like an untouchable takes its toll. And it takes a truckload of therapy to convince yourself that you are not, in fact, a virus; you are a human worthy of love. Deserving of happiness, health, hope — all the h words that aren’t “HIV.”

At 31, I live in Las Vegas and own a beautiful ranch home on a half acre. I am surrounded by people who love and accept me — people like Mrs. Marks, who provided proof of kindness when I needed it most. The serenity I experienced in her classroom, once so rare, is now boundless. Drop by drop, I changed the water I swim in — from gloomy and turbulent to calm and clear. Love and belief are all I needed. After all, I know how precious life is; not a day goes by without gratitude to see another sunrise.

If you ask me now, “How’s the water today?” this time, I have an answer. The water is beautiful.

Lexi Gibson's story is featured in Upworthy’s “ GOOD PEOPLE ,” by Gabriel Reilich and Lucia Knell, available now wherever books are sold.

Soal Penjaskes Kelas 11 Semester 1 Tentang Bahaya, Penularan, dan Pencegahan penyakit HIV/AIDS

Pada postingan kali ini kami telah menyiapkan 30 soal enjaskes Kelas 11 Semester 1 Tentang Bahaya, Penularan, dan Pencegahan penyakit HIV/AIDS yang terdiri dari 10 soal pilihan ganda dan 20 essay. Ini sebagai latihan soal dalam menghadapi ulangan, UTS dan UAS nantinya atau untuk sebagai latihan adik adik setelah mempelajari materi ini.

Soal Pilihan Ganda

1. Berikut ini yang bukan bahaya dari HIV/ AIDS adalah ….

a. kematian

d. melemahkan jantung

e. meningkatkan ketahanan fisik

2. Sistem kekebalan tubuh akan melemah karena tidak berfungsinya …..

a. karbohidrat

b. sel telur

c. sel darah merah

d. sel darah putih

e. penglihatan

3. Fase di mana seseorang yang mengidap. HIV akan mengalami gejala-gejala ringan, namun tidak mengancam nyawanya, disebut fase ….

a. trying period

b. simptomatik

c. long period

d. window period

4. Berikut ini merupakan penyakit yang ditimbulkan dari pengidap HIV/AIDS, kecuali ….

a. radang paru

b. radang saluran pencernaan c. badan bugar

d. kanker kulit

5. Salah satu gejala penularan HIV/AIDS adalah penurunan berat badan … dalam 3 hari.

6. Pemakaian jarum suntik secara bersama-sama oleh para pecandu narkotika merupakan penularkan HIV melalui ….

c. air mani

d. kontak fisik

7. Salah satu penularan HIV adalah melahui ….

b kelebihan

8. HIV merupakan virus yang menyerupai ….

a. bulu babi (binatang laut)

b. spyrogyra

9. Kata defeciency berarti ….

b. kelebihan

e. kekurangan

10. Kelompok risiko tinggi terjangkitnya penyakit HIV/AIDS salah satunya adalah promiskuitas, yang artinya pernikahan ….

d. berbeda jenis 

e. lebih dari satu

1. Apa kepanjangan AIDS?

2. Sebutkan bahaya HIV/AIDS!

3. Sebutkan hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam mengurangi risiko HIV/AIDS! 4. Apa yang dimaksud dengan fase asimptomatik?

5. Sebutkan tiga cara penularan HIV/AIDS!

6. Apa yang dimaksud simptomatik?

7. Sebutkan gejala pengidap HIV/AIDS!

8. Mengapa HIV/AIDS dapat merusak kekebalan tubuh?

9. Apakah yang dimaksud homoseksual?

10. Apa hubungan HIV dengan AIDS?

11. Mengapa orang yang terjangkit HIV/AIDS menjadi tidak bermoral?

12. Sebutkan penyakit yang akan ditimbulkan dari HIV/AIDS!

13. Mengapa penularan HIV/AIDS tidak bisa melalui udara? 

14. Berikan contoh pencegahan HIV/AIDS di lingkungan keluarga!

15. Berikan contoh pencegahan HIV/AIDS di lingkungan sekolah atau instansi!

16. Apakah kepanjangan dari HIV?

17. Apakah HIV/AIDS dapat menyebar seperti penyakit influenza?

18. Apa yang Anda ketahui tentang fase window period?

19. Sebutkan tiga penularan HIV/AIDS!

20. Mengapa penyakit dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia?

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HIV Infection and AIDS Questions & Answers

• Author: Shelley A Gilroy, MD, FACP, FIDSA; Chief Editor: Michael Stuart Bronze, MD  more...
• Sections HIV Infection and AIDS
• Practice Essentials
• Pathophysiology
• Epidemiology
• Patient Education
• Physical Examination
• Approach Considerations
• Screening for HIV Infection
• CD4 T-cell Count
• Secondary HIV Testing
• Baseline Studies
• Histologic Findings
• HAART Studies and DHHS Guidelines
• Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Infections
• Treatment of Opportunistic Infections
• Treatment of HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy
• Suppressive Therapy for Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infection
• Treatment of HIV-Associated Diarrhea
• Deterrence and Prevention of HIV Infection
• Consultations
• Long-Term Monitoring
• CDC Guidelines on HIV Screening in Men Who Have Sex with Men
• European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines
• Department of Health and Human Services
• International Antiviral Society-USA Panel
• Medication Summary
• Antiretroviral agent, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
• Antiretroviral Agent, Protease Inhibitor
• Antiretroviral agent, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
• Antiretroviral Agent, Integrase Inhibitor
• Antiretroviral agent, CCR5 antagonist
• HIV, Entry Inhibitors
• HIV, Attachment Inhibitors
• Capsid Inhibitors
• Complete Regimen Combinations
• Antiretroviral Combinations
• CYP3A4 Inhibitors
• Antibiotic, Sulfonamide Derivative
• Growth hormone releasing factor
• Questions & Answers
• Media Gallery

What is HIV and how is it transmitted?

What are the signs and symptoms of HIV infection?

What are risk factors for HIV exposure?

What are the recommendations for HIV screening?

What is the role of CD4 T-cell count in the risk assessment of opportunistic infection in HIV infection?

What is the role of viral load in peripheral blood in the management of HIV infection?

Which HIV test is FDA approved?

What tests are performed following the initial diagnosis of HIV infection?

What are the three categories of HIV?

What are the DHHS guidelines for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection?

What are the classes for antiretroviral agents used in the treatment of HIV infection?

Which regimens are preferred by the DHHS guidelines for treatment-naive patients with HIV infection?

What is the basis for regimen selection for treatment of HIV infection?

When is prophylaxis against opportunistic infections indicated in the management of HIV infection?

Which treatments may be needed in the management of HIV infection?

What are the CDC recommended HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens?

What is the most common route of HIV transmission?

How does the global distribution of HIV species vary?

What is the history of the HIV epidemic in the US?

What are the stigmas associated with HIV infection?

What common misinformation about HIV exists?

How has antiretroviral therapy (ART) affected HIV survival rates?

How is HIV-related health information linked to other health information?

What is the pathophysiology of HIV infection?

How is HIV characterized?

What are the three species-defining retroviral genes of HIV?

What are the HIV-1 accessory genes?

What are the accessory proteins of HIV?

What is the pathogenesis of AIDS?

What is the role of CD4+ helper T cells in the pathogenesis of HIV infection?

What is the global pattern for opportunistic infections in HIV infection?

What is the role of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the pathogenesis of HIV infection?

What is a feature of HIV replication in GALT?

How is the discrepancy in viral load between GALT and blood measurements explained?

What have the studies of T-cell–replication kinetics revealed about HIV infection?

What is the role of cell-cycling in the pathogenesis of HIV infection?

How do the HIV proteins affect T-cell function?

What is the role of direct cytotoxic effects of viral replication in the pathogenesis of HIV infection?

Which individuals tend to be resistant to HIV infection?

What is the role of the chemokine-related receptor (CXCR4) in the pathogenesis of HIV infection?

What is the role of stem-cell transplantation in the management of HIV infection?

What is the relationship between T-cell loss and how HIV progresses to AIDS?

What is the role of lymph nodes in the pathogenesis of HIV infection?

How does HIV replicate?

How is HIV compartmentalized?

What are the three distinct phases of HIV pathogenesis?

What are the first cellular targets of HIV?

Where does HIV tend to integrate in the body?

What happens during acute seroconversion of HIV infection?

How long will it take for symptoms of HIV infection to appear?

What are the HIV symptoms during the acute seroconversion stage of infection?

When is AIDS diagnosed?

What is the primary mechanism for immunologic control of HIV infection?

When are patients at a higher risk for opportunistic infections and other AIDS-related events?

Which opportunistic infections and conditions are seen in patients with AIDS?

What is HIV encephalopathy?

What causes HIV infection?

What is the prevalence of HIV infection in the US?

What is the incidence of AIDS in the US?

Who is at higher risk of infection with HIV?

What group is most likely to be unaware they are HIV positive?

Among groups at high risk for HIV, what is the effect of health care visits?

What is the mortality rate of HIV infection?

How does the prevalence of HIV vary by age and race?

What is the global prevalence of HIV infection?

Which races and ethnicities in the US have the highest prevalence of HIV infection?

How does the prevalence of HIV vary by sex?

Who is at a higher risk for acquiring HIV infection?

What is the prognosis of untreated HIV infection?

What is the efficacy of antiretroviral medications for treatment of HIV-2?

How long is the survival period for untreated AIDS?

What can increase survival for AIDS patients?

What is the mortality rate of AIDS in New York City?

What is the effect of pre-existing infections on people with AIDS?

Which organisms become pathogenic in patients with AIDS?

What are adverse effects of antiviral medications for AIDS?

What is the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with HIV infection?

What information about HIV should patients receive?

What are the risks of unprotected sex when both partners are HIV positive?

What information about HIV should IV drug users receive?

Presentation

What are the risk factors for exposure to HIV?

What are the signs and symptoms of AIDS?

What are the sequelae of HIV infection?

Which physical findings suggest HIV infections?

Which minor opportunistic infections suggest HIV infection?

What causes of immune suppression should be included in the differential diagnoses of HIV infection?

What are the differential diagnoses for HIV Infection and AIDS?

Why is screening for HIV infection needed?

What secondary testing is helpful in the diagnosis of HIV infection?

What are the CDC recommendations for HIV testing?

What is the Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo test?

How is the HIV rapid test used?

What is the staging of HIV infection?

What baseline tests are performed in newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection?

What are the USPSTF recommendations for HIV screening?

What are the ACOG recommendations for HIV testing?

What are the ACOG guidelines on HIV testing during pregnancy?

What are the CDC recommendations for HIV screening in high risk groups?

What are the benefits of early diagnosis of HIV infection?

What test should be used for HIV screening?

How are HIV test results reported?

When is HIV-2 testing indicated?

Which testing is most effective for early detection of HIV infection?

What is the CDC diagnostic algorithm for HIV diagnosis?

What is the role of RT-PCR in the management of HIV infection?

What affects the rate of progression of HIV infection to AIDS?

How are HIV viral loads suppressed?

What is HIV virologic failure?

When is viral cultures for HIV indicted?

What is disrupted during HIV infection?

Which HIV test is performed only in newborns?

What can guide therapy for HIV infection?

What studies are performed in newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection?

Which tests are performed to evaluate tuberculosis infection in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection?

Which tests is used to evaluate CMV infection in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection?

Which tests are used to screen for syphilis in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection?

Which STDs are evaluated in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection?

Why is hepatitis serology performed in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection?

What is toxoplasma antibody testing performed in newly diagnosed HIV infections?

What are the baseline values that may be affected by antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection?

What are histologic findings characteristic of HIV infection and AIDS?

What is the CDC classification of HIV infection?

What happens once an HIV infection has been staged into a higher clinical category?

What is the role of CD4 T-cell count in the management of HIV infection?

What is the role of CD4 T-cell percentage in the management of HIV in children under five years of age?

How is treatment for HIV infection determined?

What is the principal treatment for HIV infection?

What are the results of successful HAART therapy for HIV infection?

Which secondary diseases may be reduced for HIV patients on HAART?

Who has released treatment guidelines for HIV infection?

What are the IDSA treatment guidelines for HIV infection?

How has the introduction of HAART affected mortality rates?

What increase in non-AIDS-defining cancer is attributed to HIV infection?

What are strong predictors of mortality for AIDS?

What are the adverse effects of delay in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection?

At what CD4+T cell count should antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV be initiated?

What is the result of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the acute seroconversion period in HIV infection?

What are the IAS-USA and DHHS antiretroviral treatment (ART) recommendations for HIV infection?

What are the classes for antiretroviral agents for HIV infection?

What are the DHHS guidelines for treatment-naive patients with HIV infection?

How should HIV be treated during pregnancy?

What is the basis for antiretroviral regimen selection for HIV infection?

What the DHHS recommend for genotypic testing in HIV infection?

What mutations could result in increased susceptibility to a particular drug in HIV infection?

What is the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV/AIDS?

What are the benefits of and indications for rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) start (Rapid ART Start) in the management of HIV infection and AIDS?

What is the role of dolutegravir (Tivicay) in the treatment of HIV infection?

What is an important factor in selecting first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection?

What is the role of zidovudine-lamivudine plus abacavir for the treatment of HIV infection?

What is the efficacy of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir (Stribild) for the treatment of HIV infection?

What the benefits of 21-day antiretroviral regimens during pregnancy?

Why is prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci important for HIV management?

When is PCP prophylaxis discontinued in the management of HIV infection?

What is the role of TMP-SMX in the management of HIV infection?

When are HIV patients at risk for Mycobacterium avium complex infection?

When is prophylaxis for fungal or viral infections indicated in the management of HIV infection?

What is the role of oral ganciclovir in the management of AIDS?

How should opportunistic infections be treated in HIV infection?

What is the relationship between TB and HIV infection?

What is HIV lipodystrophy?

What is the role of acyclovir in the treatment of HIV infection?

What is the role of crofelemer in the treatment of HIV infection?

How is HIV infection prevented?

What are sexual transmission prevention measures for HIV infection?

What is the role of STDs in the transmission of HIV?

Which sexual acts are more likely to lead to HIV infection than others?

How do oral contraceptives affect the risk for HIV transmission?

What are vertical transmission prevention measures for HIV infection?

How effective is triple antiviral therapy for HIV during pregnancy?

How is vertical transmission of HIV-2 prevented?

What is the mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV-2 in France?

What measures can be taken to prevent vertical HIV transmission?

What is the role of zidovudine in the prevention of vertical HIV transmission?

How is blood-borne transmission of HIV prevented?

What has the CDC recommended for HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)?

What regimens does the CDC recommend for PEP?

What is the role of nevirapine in the prevention of HIV infection?

What HIV vaccinations are available?

What is the role of antiretroviral medications for the prevention of HIV transmission?

What is the efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the prevention of HIV infection?

What are the CDC guidelines for PrEP in HIV infection?

What is the efficacy of PrEP in preventing HIV infection?

What are the limitations in the US to broad implementation of PrEP for prevention of HIV infection?

What was the reduction in risk with compliant pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection?

What is the role in topical antivirals in the prevention of HIV infection?

What does the International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) recommend for HIV prevention in adolescents and adults?

Which specialists should be consulted for all new cases of HIV infection?

Which tests does the DHHS recommend be performed every 3 months in patients with HIV infection?

What is the role of basic chemistry studies in the management of HIV infection?

How often should fasting lipid profiles be measured in the management of HIV infection?

How often should T-cell counts be monitored in the management of HIV infection?

What are the CDC guidelines on HIV screening in men who have sex with men (MSM)?

What are the European AIDS Clinical Society guidelines on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and chronic HIV infection?

Medications

What is the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection?

What are the benefits of combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection?

Which antiretroviral combination products are used to treat HIV infection?

What have been shown to be safe and effective for treatment of black patients with HIV infection?

What is the role of Triumeq in the treatment of HIV infection?

What is the role of the NNRTI doravirine in the treatment of HIV infection?

Which medications in the drug class Antiretroviral agent, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Antiretroviral Agent, Protease Inhibitor are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Antiretroviral agent, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Antiretroviral Agent, Integrase Inhibitor are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Antiretroviral agent, CCR5 antagonist are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class HIV, Entry Inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class HIV, Attachment Inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Capsid Inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Complete Regimen Combinations are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Antiretroviral Combinations are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class CYP3A4 Inhibitors are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Antibiotic, Sulfonamide Derivative are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

Which medications in the drug class Growth hormone releasing factor are used in the treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS?

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Mounzer K, Palella F, Slim J, et al. SPIRIT: Simplifying to rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir Df single-tablet regimen from boosted protease inhibitor regimen maintains HIV suppression in the black subgroup [abstract H-656]. Presented at: The 53rd Interscience Conference onAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC); September 11, 2013; Denver, Colorado. [Full Text] .

Kling J. Single-tablet HIV regimen effective. Medscape Medical News . September 19, 2013. [Full Text] .

Tucker ME. FDA OKs New Triple-Combination Pill (Triumeq) for HIV. Medscape Medical News . Aug 22 2014. [Full Text] .

Molina JM, Squires K, Sax PE, Cahn P, Lombaard J, DeJesus E, et al. Doravirine versus ritonavir-boosted darunavir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 (DRIVE-FORWARD): 48-week results of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet HIV . 2018 May. 5 (5):e211-e220. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] .

Orkin C, Squires KE, Molina JM, Sax PE, Wong WW, Sussmann O, et al. Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate is Non-inferior to Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Treatment-naive Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection: Week 48 Results of the DRIVE-AHEAD Trial. Clin Infect Dis . 2018 Aug 31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] .

Lewis S, Fessel J, Emu B, Schrader S, Kumar P, Richmond GJ, et al. Long-acting ibalizumab in patients with multi-drug resistant HIV-1: A 24-week study. Presented at the 2017 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 13-16, 2017. Seattle, WA. Abstracts from the 2017 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 13-16, 2017. Seattle, Washington. Top Antivir Med . 2017 Apr. 25 (1s):4s-446s. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] . [Full Text] .

Segal-Maurer S, DeJesus E, Stellbrink HJ, and the, CAPELLA Study Investigators. Capsid Inhibition with Lenacapavir in Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection. N Engl J Med . 2022 May 12. 386 (19):1793-1803. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] . [Full Text] .

Barclay L. HIV: guidelines stress role of primary care in management. Medscape Medical News . November 14, 2013. [Full Text] .

Mocellin LP, Ziegelmann PK, Kuchenbecker R. A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing antiretroviral therapy for treatment-experienced HIV adult patients using an optimized background therapy approach: is there evidence enough for a standardized third-line strategy?. Syst Rev . 2022 Nov 17. 11 (1):243. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] .

• Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 virions. Courtesy of CDC (Dr Edwin P Ewing, Jr).
• Genome layout of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 and HIV-2.
• Timeline of CD4 T-cell and viral-load changes over time in untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Courtesy of Wikipedia (based on an original from Pantaleo et al (1993)).
• Incidence of HIV infection by risk group. Courtesy of CDC (derived from the revised 2006 estimated figures).
• Changes in survival of people infected with HIV. As therapies have become more aggressive, they have been more effective, although survival with HIV infection is not yet equivalent to that in uninfected people. Modified from Lohse N et al. Survival of persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark, 1995-2005. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(2):87-95.
• Table 1. Antiretroviral Drug Classes and Agents
• Table 2. Antiretroviral Combination Products

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Shelley A Gilroy, MD, FACP, FIDSA Associate Professor of Medicine, Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Albany Medical College; Associate Chief of Staff for Education/DEO, Lead Physician for HIV Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albany Stratton VA Medical Center Shelley A Gilroy, MD, FACP, FIDSA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians , American Medical Association , Infectious Diseases Society of America Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John J Faragon, PharmD, BCPS, AAHIVP Pharmacist, HIV/HCV Medicine, Division of HIV Medicine and Department of Pharmacy, Albany Medical Center; Regional Pharmacy Director, Northeast Caribbean AIDS Education and Training Center; HIV and HCV Education Consultant, VirologyEd Consultants Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Gilead; Janssen; Merck.

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD David Ross Boyd Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine, Stewart G Wolf Endowed Chair in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center; Master of the American College of Physicians; Fellow, Infectious Diseases Society of America; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London Michael Stuart Bronze, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha , American College of Physicians , American Medical Association , Association of Professors of Medicine , Infectious Diseases Society of America , Oklahoma State Medical Association , Southern Society for Clinical Investigation Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nicholas John Bennett, MBBCh, PhD, FAAP, MA(Cantab) Nicholas John Bennett, MBBCh, PhD, FAAP, MA(Cantab) is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha , American Academy of Pediatrics Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Aaron Glatt, MD Professor of Clinical Medicine, New York Medical College; President and CEO, Former Chief Medical Officer, Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, St Joseph Hospital (formerly New Island Hospital)

Aaron Glatt, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians , American College of Physician Executives , American College of Physicians , American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine , American Medical Association , American Society for Microbiology , American Thoracic Society , American Venereal Disease Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America , International AIDS Society , and Society forHealthcare Epidemiology of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

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10 Soal Essay Memahami Penyakit HIV dan AIDS Beserta Jawaban

HIV dan AIDS adalah penyakit yang menakutkan, berikut ini adalah 10 Soal Essay Memahami Penyakit HIV dan AIDS Beserta Jawaban. Mudah-mudahan 10 Soal Essay Memahami Penyakit HIV dan AIDS Beserta Jawaban ini bermanfaat banyak.

Soal No. 1). Bagaimana cara penularan virus HIV/AIDS ?

Jawaban: a. Transfusi darah dari pengidap HIV. b. Berhubungan seks dengan pengidap HIV. c. Sebagian kecil (25–30%) ibu hamil pengidap HIV menularkan virus kepada janinnya. d. Alat suntik atau jarum suntik, alat tato, atau alat tindik yang dipakai bersama dengan penderita HIV / AIDS. e. Air susu ibu pengidap HIV/AIDS menularkan virus kepada anak susuannya.

Soal No. 2). Identifikasi cairan tubuh manusia yang bisa dihuni virus HIV!

Jawaban: Cairan tubuh manusia yang biasa dihuni virus HIV yaitu darah, cairan sperma, cairan vagina, dan air susu ibu.

Soal No. 3). Berapa lama virus HIV/AIDS akan menampakkan gejala secara klinis?

Jawaban: Virus HIV/AIDS akan menampakkan gejala secara klinis sekitar 7–10 tahun kemudian.

Soal No. 4). Identifikasi tanda-tanda terjangkitnya virus HIV/AIDS?

Jawaban: a. Mengalami demam tinggi berkepanjangan. b. Penderita akan mengalami napas pendek, batuk, nyeri dada, dan demam. c. Hilangnya nafsu makan, mual, dan muntah. d. Mengalami diare yang kronis. e. Penderita akan kehilangan berat badan tubuh hingga 10% di bawah normal f.  Mengalami batuk berkepanjangan. g. Infeksi jamur pada mulut dan kerongkongan. h. Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening diseluruh tubuh (di bawah telinga, leher, ketiak, dan lipatan paha).

Soal No. 5). Bagaimana cara untuk menghindari penularan HIV/AIDS?

Jawaban: a. Hindari hubungan seksual b. hindari perilaku seks menyimpang c. Gunakan selalu Kondom d. Penggunaan jarum suntik

Soal No. 6). Apakah penyakit AIDS bisa diobati?

Jawaban: Secara medis penggunaan kata sembuh untuk penderita HIV adalah pemilihan maksud kata yang salah. Penderita HIV hingga saat ini belum ditemukan cara untuk menyembuhkannya, tetapi hingga saat ini baru tersedia obat untuk mengontrolkondisi HIV tersebut.

Soal No. 7). Apa yang dimaksud dengan ARC dalam penyakit HIV / AIDS !

Jawaban: ARC yaitu munculnya gejala-gejala AIDS, adalah istilah didapati dua atau lebih gejala yang berlangsung selama 3 bulan atau lebih. yaitu demam disertai keringat malam, penurunan berat badan lebih dari 10%, kelemahan tubuh yang mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, pembesaran kelenjar secara lebih luas, diare berkala atau terus-menerus dalam waktu lama tanpa sebab yang jelas, batuk dan sesak napas lebih dari satu bulan, kulit gatal dan bercak-bercak merah kebiruan, serta sakit tenggorokan dan pendarahan yang tak jelas sebabnya.

Soal No. 8). Identifikasi tahapan gejala HIV menjadi AIDS!

Jawaban: a. HIV masuk ke dalam tubuh. b. Tidak Ada tanda-tanda, penderita HIV tampak sehat dan merasa sehat. c. Sistem kekebalan tubuh semakin turun. d. Kondisi sistem kekebalan tubuh sangat lemah.

Soal No. 9). Mengapa gigitan nyamuk atau serangga lain tidak menyebabkan tertularnya penyakit AIDS?

Jawaban: Hal ini menurut Dr Alex berbeda dengan malaria yang memang penularannya bisamelalui nyamuk. Jadi gigitan nyamuk malaria memang berkembang di sel darah merah. Dalam kasus tingginya jumlah penyakit HIV AIDS dan Malaria di Papua, menurut Dr Alex bukan karena keduanya ditularkan pada media yang sama yakni nyamuk.

Soal No. 10). Siapa saja yang sebaiknya melakukan tes HIV?

Jawaban: Seseorang yang telah terimplikasi HIV.

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• Bulutangkis

Contoh-Contoh Soal Materi Bahaya HIV/AIDS, Lengkap beserta Kunci Jawabannya

Diperbarui 01 Des 2022, 19:40 WIB Diterbitkan 01 Des 2022, 19:40 WIB

Bola.com, Jakarta - HIV/AIDS dikenal sebagai penyakit yang berbahaya. HIV dan AIDS merupakan dua hal yang berbeda, tetapi saling berkaitan. Itulah mengapa, penting mengetahui apa itu HIV/AIDS?

AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan adanya virus HIV berbahaya. Hal tersebut bisa merusak kemampuan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi.

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HIV atau Human Immunodeficiency Virus, yaitu virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh. Saat HIV menyerang tubuh, tubuh kita akan menjadi lemah dalam melawan infeksi. Pada tahap akhir ini disebut juga dengan AIDS.

Pengidap AIDS umumnya memiliki gejala infeksi sistemik, seperti demam, berkeringat terutama pada malam hari, kedinginan, lemah, kedinginan, dan penurunan berat badan yang sangat drastis.

Selain itu, pengidap AIDS juga berpeluang lebih besar menderita kanker, seperti kanker leher rahim, kanker sistem kekebalan atau limfoma, dan sarkoma Kaposi. HIV dan AIDS bisa berakibat fatal dan bisa menular jika tidak segera diobati.

Demikian penjelasan singkat tentang bahaya HIV/AIDS . Bagi kamu yang sudah mempelajarinya, bisa mengasah pengetahuan dengan cara mengerjakan contoh soalnya.

Berikut ini kumpulan contoh soal materi tentang HIV/AIDS dan kunci jawabannya, dilansir dari emodul.kemdikbud.go.id , Kamis (1/12/2022).

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Contoh Soal Materi Bahaya HIV/AIDS

1. HIV adalah singkatan dari …

a. Home Immunodefi ciency Virus

b. Human Immunodefi ciency Virus

c. Human Immun Virus

d. Heredity Immunodefi ciency Virus

2. AIDS adalah singkatan dari ….

a. Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndrome

b. Active Immune Defi ciency Syndrome

c. Acquired Immune Distorsy Syndrome

d. After Immune Defi ciency Syndrome

3. HIV dan AIDS memiliki dampak yang sangat berbahaya kepada tubuh sesorang sebab …

a. Menjaga, mempertahankan, dan mengembangkan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

b. Meningkatkan, merusak, dan bahkan melumpuhkan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

c. Melemahkan, merusak, dan bahkan melumpuhkan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

d. Tidak ada jawaban yang benar.

4. Apa yang menjadi target dari Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) ...

a. Organ Vital

b. Sistem Pernapasan

c. Sistem Kekebalan tubuh

d. Sistem Pencernaan

5. Ketika HIV masuk dan merusak fungsi sel-sel kekebalan, individu yang terinfeksi secara bertahap menjadi …

a. Imunoefisiensi

b. Imunodefisit

c. Imunodegradasi

d. Imunodefisiensi

6. HIV dan AIDS anak berdampak pada aspek ...

b. Psikologis

d. Semua Benar

7. Satu di antara dampak fisik HIV dan AIDS adalah ...

a. Rentan terhadap bakteri

b. Semakin kebal terhadap bakteri

c. Tidak ada gejala fisik yang berarti

d. Semakin kurus

8. Kecemasan, depresi, hiperaktif merupakan bagian dari dampak HIV dan AIDS dari aspek ...

d. Spiritual

9. Satu di antara cara pecegahan terpapar HIV dan AIDS adalah ...

b. Mengurung diri

c. Isolasi diri

d. Selalu memakai alat pelindung diri

10. Berikut ini adalah perilaku yang memperkuat potensi terpapar HIV, kecuali ...

a. Pergaulan bebas

b. Penggunaan jarum suntik

c. Penggunaan cairan disinfektan

d. Penggunaan NAPZA

11. Hal yang paling utama dalam menanggulangi dan mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS di lingkungan sekitar adalah ...

a. Mempertebal iman dan takwa agar tidak terjerumus ke dalam hubungan seksual di luar nikah.

b. Bila salah satu pasangan sudah terinfeksi HIV maka dalam melakukan hubungan seksual harus menggunakan kondom secara benar dan konsisten.

c. Tidak bergaul sembarangan.

d. Tidak menggunakan jarum suntik sembarangan dan tidak transfusi darah dari sembarang orang.

12. Virus HIV menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh dan melemahkan kemampuan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi dan penyakit. Berikut ini adalah contoh cara penyebaran HIV ...

a. Udara di sekitar tempat tinggal penderita.

b. Akibat bersentuhan dengan penderita.

c. Memakai jarum suntik yang sudah terkontaminasi.

d. Air liur penderita.

13. Gejala yang dialami apabila seseorang telah masuk fase pertama HIV adalah ...

a. Infeksi saluran pencernaan dan gangguan pernapasan.

b. Sering merasakan mual, muntah, kelelahan, dan demam.

c. Berat badan akan berkurang dengan drastis.

d. Rentan terhadap infeksi oportunistik.

14. Kegiatan orang normal kepada ODHA yang dapat menyebabkan penularan HIV/AIDS adalah ...

a. Menyentuh

b. Berbagi jarum suntik

c. Berpelukan

d. Berciuman

15. Pencegahan HIV/AIDS yang benar dari segi pengetahuan dapat dilakukan dengan cara ...

a. Mempelajari bagaimana cara HIV menyebar.

b. Tidak berbagi jarum atau alat suntik dengan orang lain.

c. Melakukan hubungan seks yang aman.

d. Melakukan hubungan sosial yang baik.

16. Seseorang yang terinfeksi oleh HIV, maka virus ini akan menyerang ...

a. Sel darah merah

b. Sel darah putih

c. Sel darah merah dan putih

d. Aliran pembuluh darah

17. HIV bertahan lebih lama di luar tubuh manusia hanya bila darah yang mengandung HIV tersebut masih dalam keadaan belum mengering. HIV juga mudah mati oleh air panas, sabun, dan bahan pencuci hama lain. Karena HIV cepat mati di luar tubuh manusia, maka HIV ...

a. Tidak dapat menular kepada siapa pun.

b. Dapat menular lewat berbagai cara.

c. Dapat menular lewat udara.

d. Tidak dapat menular lewat udara.

18. Yang bukan cara mencegah tertular penyakit HIV/AIDS adalah ...

a. Penyalahgunaan narkotika dengan suntikan, yang menggunakan jarum suntik secara bersama (bergantian).

b. Bila telah menikah, hanya mengadakan hubungan seksual dengan pasangan sendiri, yaitu suami atau isteri sendiri.

c. Tidak melakukan hubungan seksual sebelum menikah (Abstinence). Hubungan seksual hanya dilakukan melalui pernikahan yang sah.

d. Mempertebal iman dan takwa agar tidak terjerumus ke dalam hubungan hubungan seksual di luar nikah.

19. Berikut ini masa antara masuknya HIV ke dalam tubuh manusia sampai terbentuknya antibodi terhadap HIV yang dapat menularkan HIV kepada orang lain, kecuali …

a. 2-6 hari

b. 2-6 tahun

c. 2-6 minggu

d. 2-6 bulan

20. Badan organisasi PBB yang menangani AIDS/HIV …

Kunci Jawaban

Sumber: Kemdikbud

Dapatkan artikel seputar contoh soal lainnya dengan mengeklik tautan ini .

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SOAL HIV dan AIDS

20 questions

Introducing new   Paper mode

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Jenis HIV yang terdapat di Indonesia adalah?

• Prosentasi penularan lebih rendah
• Perkembangan virus yang lebih lambat
• Tidak menunjukkan terdapatnya viral load
• 20-30% hasil tes antibody suspect negatif

Merupakan karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh HIV type?

Materi genetik yang diselubungi oleh kapsid disebut dengan?

Virus tidak dapat disebut sebagai mahkluk hidup karena?

Tidak mampu berkembangbiak

Tidak berjenis kelamin

Tidak memiliki inti sel

Tidak memiliki materi genetik

HIV paling banyak ditemukan pada?

Cairan otak

Sebuah marker (penanda) untuk mengetahui kuantitas dari kekebalan tubuh disebut?

Immune body

Sebuah marker (penanda) untuk mengetahui kuantitas HIV didalam tubuh adalah?

Ada berapa stadium kah sebelum HIV menjadi AIDS?

Karakter utama dari HIV adalah?

Menular melalui cairan tubuh

Menular melalui jarum suntik

Interval yang lama sampai timbulnya penaykit

Menular melalui hubungan seksual

Mulai munculnya Candidiasis, Skin cancer, Neferofati. Merupakan gejala yang muncul pada stadium?

Gejala yang biasanya muncul pada awal infeksi HIV?

Pembengkakan kelenjar limfe

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Kumpulan Soal Pilihan Ganda Berserta Kunci Jawaban Penjasorkes Kelas XI Tentang Mencegah HIV/AIDS

Berbagiruang.com – Berikut adalah Kumpulan Soal Pilihan Ganda Berserta Kunci Jawaban Penjasorkes Kelas XI Tentang Mencegah HIV/AIDS yang terdiri dari 30 soal pilihan ganda. Dengan adanya soal latihan ini semoga bisa sebagai bahan pembelajaran dan latihan sebelum menghadapi ujian.

1. AIDS adalah singkatan dari.. a. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome * b. Access Immune Deficiency Syndrome c. Acquire Immunity Deffect Syndrome d. Acquired Immune Development Syndrome e. Associate Immune Deficiency Syndrome

2. Sistem organ tubuh manusia yang diserang oleh HIV adalah.. a. Sistem saraf b. Sistem pernafasan c. Sistem kekebalan tubuh * d. Sistem pencernaan e. Organ tubuh

3. Bagaimana cara mencegah terjangkitnya HIV? a. Tidak melalukan hubungan seksual pra-nikah b. Tidak berganti-ganti pasangan c. Jauhi narkoba dan penggunaan jarum suntik bergantian d. Penggunaan kondom pada saat melakukan hubungan seksual berisiko e. Semua benar *

4. Di masyarakat, sudah banyak yang paham dan mengetahui HIV Aids, karena sudah menjadi agenda dinas kesehatan di seluruh Indonesia, melalui pemasangan iklan layanan masyarakat baik melalui media cetak maupun media siaran radio dan TV. Untuk dapat mengetahui efektifitas program tersebut, diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk menyebutkan kepanjangan dari HIV? a. Human Imunodeficiency Virus * b. Human Imun Virus c. Home Imunodeficiency Virus d. Human Imono Virus e. Home of Imunity Virus

5. Setelah mengetahui kepanjangan dari HIV, sudah barang tentu peserta didik diharapkan juga mengetahui makna dari pada kepanjangan dari HIV.. a. Virus yang menyerang darah manusia b. Virus yang menyebabkan kematian pada manusia c. Virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia * d. Virus yang menerang sistem pernapasan manusia e. Virus yang menerang sistem pencernaan manusia

6. Setelah mengetahui kepanjangan dari AIDS, sudah barang tentu peserta didik diharapkan juga mengetahui makna dari pada kepanjangan dari AIDS.. a. Penyakit yang berbahaya bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia b. Kumpulan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh penurunan kekebalan tubuh dan bukan karena keturunan * c. Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh penurunan kekebalan tubuh dan bukan karena keturunan d. Penyakit yang mesti dihindari karena belum ditemukan obatnya e. Kumpulan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh penurunan kekebalan tubuh

7. Secara umum, masuknya virus HIV kedalam tubuh kita melalui tiga jalur yaitu.. a. Cairan darah, cairan sperma dan ibu menyusui b. Cairan darah, cairan vagina dan ibu menyusui c. Cairan darah, cairan sperma dan pengguna narkotika d. Cairan darah, cairan sperma dan cairan vagina * e. Cairan vagina, prilaku sex beresiko dan donor darah

8. Jika peserta didik telah memahami penularan HIV masuk kedalam tubuh kita melalui beberapa jalan, maka diharapkan peserta didik mampu memberikan satu contoh nyata tentang penularan HIV masuk kedalam tubuh manusia melalui cairan darah.. a. Kebersihan organ kewanitaan b. Pengguna jarum suntik secara bergantian * c. Memandikan mayat pengidap hiv positiv d. Mengalami penyimpangan prilaku seksualitas e. Menolong korban kecelakaan lalulintas, sedangkan korban diketahui telah terjangkit hiv positif

9. Jika peserta didik telah memahami penularan HIV masuk kedalam tubuh kita melalui beberapa jalan, maka diharapkan peserta didik mampu memberikan satu contoh nyata tentang penularan HIV masuk kedalam tubuh manusia melalui cairan vagina.. a. Kebersihan organ kewanitaan * b. Pengguna jarum suntik secara bergantian c. Memandikan mayat pengidap hiv positiv d. Mengalami penyimpangan prilaku seksualitas e. Menolong korban kecelakaan lalulintas, sedangkan korban diketahui telah terjangkit hiv positif

10. Didalam proses HIV pada tubuh kita terdapat beberapa tahapan yang akan dilakukan oleh Virus tersebut untuk melemahkan tubuh kita. ada saat dimana virus tersebut sudah ada dan berkembang didalam tubuh kita, namun hal tersebut belum dan cenderung tidak dirasakan oleh sipenderita. Periode apakah yang dialami oleh sipengidap HIV tersebut.. a. Periode adaptasi b. Periode awal c. Periode jendela * d. Periode flateu e. Periodisasi adaptasi awal

BACA JUGA : Kumpulan Soal Pilihan Ganda Berserta Kunci Jawaban Penjasorkes Kelas XI Tentang Aktivitas Fisik

11. Terhadap beberapa cara untuk kita sebagai manusia terhindar dari bahaya HIV Aids, yaitu dengan sistem A, B, C, D dan E. Dari sistem tersebut salah satunya mengajak kita untuk saling setia terhadap pasangan kita hingga maut nanti yang memisahkan. Sistem yang manakah hal tersebut.. a. Abstinence b. Be faithful * c. Condom d. Drugs e. Edukasi

12. Yang paling dominan cepat terkena virus HIV melalui.. a. Ibu hamil b. Jarum suntik * c. Ciuman d. Pelukan e. Sering berganti pakaian

13. Virus HIV dapat menular melalui media berikut, kecuali.. a. Darah b. Air mani c. ASI d. Keringat * e. Suntikan

14. Seorang polisi sedang melakukan pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan dan tanpa sengaja menyentuh darah dari orang yang mengalami accident (kejadian) yang diketahui mengidap HIV. Apakah polisi tersebut mengidap HIV 3 tahun kemudian? a. Tidak, karena HIV tidak menular melalui darah b. Ya, karena HIV menular melalui darah c. Belum, karena masa inkubasi virus HIV 8-10 tahun * d. Belum, karena polisi tersebut belum tes darah e. Ya, karena masa inkubasi virus HIV 1-2 tahun

15. Si A sedang makan, lalu si B datang meminta makanan yg si A punya dan diberi oleh Si A. Akhirnya diketahui bahwa si A mengidap penyakit HIV. Apakah si B juga ikut tertular? Jelaskan! a. Ya, karena virus HIV dapat menular melalui air liur b. Tidak, karena virus HIV tidak dapat menular melalui air liur * c. Ya, karena virus HIV penyebarannya sangat cepat d. Tidak, karena virus HIV akan mati saat berada di udara luar e. Ya, karena virus HIV persebarannya semakin cepat melalui air liur

16. Apa perbedaan HIV dan AIDS? a. HIV merupakan virus, AIDS merupakan sekumpulan penyakit akibat menurunnya daya tahan tubuh * b. HIV merupakan virus yang menyebar, AIDS merupakan virus yang menetap c. HIV adalah virus, AIDS adalah penyakit menular d. HIV adalah sekumpulan virus, AIDS merupakan sekumpulan penyakit e. HIV adalah virus, AIDS adalah virus yang menyebar

17. Dalam penjalarannya dalam tubuh HIV berubah menjadi virus AIDS dalam kurung waktu berapa lama? a. 2 tahun b. 1,5 tahun c. 5-10 tahun * d. 1 tahun e. 3-5 tahun

18. Dalam penularannya HIV/AIDS melalui.. a. Darah b. Hubungan seksual c. Jarum suntik d. Jarum tattoo e. Semua benar *

19. Mengapa HIV bisa disebut dengan retrovirus? a. Karena mampu menyebabkan efek sitopatik b. Karena virus ini mempunyai kemampuan dapat membentuk DNA dari RNA * c. Karena kontak seksual dini d. Adanya transfusi produk darah e. Karena virus HIV bisa menyebar dengan cepat

20. Yang tidak termasuk kelompok berisiko tinggi tertular HIV adalah.. a. Remaja putus sekolah * b. Homoseksual c. Biseksual d. Pecandu narkoba e. Pengguna jarum tatto

BACA JUGA :  Kumpulan Soal Pilihan Ganda Berserta Kunci Jawaban Penjasorkes Kelas XI Tentang Renang

21. Penyakit AIDS disebabkan oleh virus HIV yang berbahaya bagi tubuh manusia. Virus ini mendominasi seluruh dunia dan bermutasi dengan sangat mudah. Virus ini merupakan jenis.. a. Retrovirus * b. Virus T c. Virus Poligon d. Virus spiral e. Viral bakteriofag

22. Perhatikan data di bawah ini: 1) Darah 2) Cairan sperma 3) Cairan vagina 4) Keringat 5) Air liur Yang merupakan cairan tubuh manusia yang dapat menjadi media virus HIV adalah.. a. 1, 2, dan 3 * b. 2, 3, dan 4 c. 3, 4, dan 5 d. 1, 3, dan 5 e. 1, 4, dan 5

23. Infeksi virus yang mengambil manfaat dari kerusakan pertahanan kekebalan tubuh dikenal dengan sebutan.. a. Infeksi HIV b. Infeksi kulit c. Infeksi oportunistik * d. Infeksi akut e. Infeksi periodik

24. Berikut yang bukan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi orang tersebut menderita penyakit AIDS adalah.. a. Menggunakan obat terlarang * b. Gonta ganti pasangan c. Hubungan seksual sesama jenis d. Hubungan seksual di luar nikah e. Penggunaan jarum suntik bergantian

25. AIDS termasuk dalam kategori kelompok penyakit menular. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh beberapa penyebab antara lain.. a. Penyakit yang sangat berbahaya karena kematiannya cukup tinggi b. Penyakit yang timbul secara endemis c. Penyakit yang dapat menimbulkan kematian atau cacat d. Jawaban a dan b benar * e. Semua benar

26. Kemampuan manusia sebagai pembawa/carrier suatu penyakit menular terdapat pada seseorang dengan.. a. Infeksi yang tidak tampak nyata * b. Masa penyembuhan c. Sesudah masa penyembuhan d. Masa tunas e. Masa inkubasi

27. Tanda utama yang terlihat pada seseorang yang sudah sampai pada tahapan AIDS adalah.. a. Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening di seluruh tubuh b. Berat badan menurun lebih dari 10% dalam waktu singkat * c. Kelainan kulit dan iritasi d. Batuk kering tidak berdahak e. Infeksi jamur pada mulut dan kerongkongan

28. HIV/AIDS dapat dicegah penyebarannnya pada manusia khususnya pada penduduk usia produktif. Pencegahan ini dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, antara lain.. a. Berolahraga setiap hari b. Menggunakan jarum suntik yang steril * c. Tidak berbicara dengan penderita hiv d. Berganti-ganti pasangan hubungan seksual e. Membiarkan luka yang terbuka

29. Ada beberapa jenis obat yang telah ditemukan yang berfungsi hanya untuk menghambat perkembangan virus HIV. Salah satu Obat tersebut adalah.. a. Dideoxycytidine * b. Diphenhydramine c. Desloratadine d. Dexketoprpfen e. Deoxcholic acid

30. Fase Window Period (Periode Jendela) termasuk fase no berapa dalam peredaran HIV dalam tubuh manusia? a. 1 * b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

Itu lah Kumpulan Soal Pilihan Ganda Berserta Kunci Jawaban Penjasorkes Kelas XI Tentang Mencegah HIV/AIDS semoga bermanfaat dan bisa menjadi bahan latihan untuk mengasah materi lebih dalam. Semoga bermanfaat.

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