↓
The first step involves the computation of the criteria’s geometric mean [ 28 ] to determine their influence on the final decision. In this case, it is the sixth root of the product of the row elements in Table 4 . Below is the basic formula used in computing the weights of the criteria, assuming n criteria:
The second step involves finding the proportionate composition of the criteria values, which will count as their weights [ 28 ]. The procedure requires the computation of the ratio of each criterion’s value against the total value:
The researcher computed the feature utiles by first ranking their respective mean responses. The findings in Table 5 show that respondents thought that likes, comments, and followers on social media would often cause people’s mental health problems. Other similarly high-risk features are browsing posts and adverts.
Utility values.
Feature | Utiles |
---|---|
Private Chats and Calls | 2.26 |
Group Chats and Calls | 3.48 |
Browsing Posts | 7.11 |
Games | 1.25 |
Media Sharing and Consuming | 3.55 |
Adverts | 5.75 |
Likes, Comments, and Followers | 7.71 |
Pages | 4.89 |
This study computed the total utility as the product of the utiles (feature strengths), importance weights (criteria weights), and how favored the features were by the respondents (relevance). In Table 6 , each feature’s strength is multiplied by the criteria weights to obtain the cell values. The row values are then added and multiplied by a feature’s importance to determine the total utility. The total utility is obtained using the following formula:
Estimating the effect of social media features on mental health problems.
Criterion Weights | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.29 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.14 | |||||
ENT | INF | SOC | PRI | EST | COM | Mean Relevance | Total Utility | |||
Feature Strength (Utility Value) | 7.71 | LCF | 2.20 | 0.73 | 1.84 | 0.37 | 1.47 | 1.10 | 7.29 | 56.24416 |
7.11 | BRP | 2.03 | 0.68 | 1.69 | 0.34 | 1.35 | 1.02 | 6.33 | 45.03454 | |
3.55 | MDS | 1.01 | 0.34 | 0.84 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 0.51 | 7.16 | 25.39835 | |
3.48 | GCC | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.83 | 0.17 | 0.66 | 0.50 | 4.80 | 16.72801 | |
4.89 | PGS | 1.40 | 0.47 | 1.16 | 0.23 | 0.93 | 0.70 | 3.11 | 15.20282 | |
2.26 | PCC | 0.65 | 0.22 | 0.54 | 0.11 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 3.98 | 9.024443 | |
5.75 | ADV | 1.64 | 0.55 | 1.37 | 0.27 | 1.09 | 0.82 | 1.26 | 7.241052 | |
1.25 | GMS | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 2.05 | 2.561511 |
The findings suggest that the feature with the most significant negative effect on mental health is ‘likes, comments, and followers.’ This feature scored a total utility of 56.24. On the other hand, the feature with the least significant negative effect on mental health is ‘social media games’. This study found the feature to have a total utility of 2.56. While the respondents had opined in Table 3 that adverts substantially contribute to mental instability, the criteria weights for this feature were too low to significantly impact the feature’s total utility.
In this study, the researcher found that social media has a significant negative impact on the mental health of Saudi Arabian youth. The feature that had the greatest impact was likes, comments, and followers, with a utility value of 56.24. This suggests that individuals who are seeking validation and social esteem through social media may be more prone to experiencing stress, depression, and anxiety. Browsing posts and media sharing were also identified as significant features that negatively impact mental health, with utility values of 45.03 and 25.40, respectively. These findings align with previous research that has identified the presence of influencers on social media as a potential source of stress and depression for regular users who may feel pressure to emulate these individuals [ 18 ]. Additionally, excessive exposure to social media videos has been linked to negative mental health outcomes [ 20 ].
On the other hand, this study found that social media games had the least impact on mental health, with a utility value of only 2.05. This finding differs from previous research that has identified games on social media as highly addictive and potentially harmful to mental health [ 21 ]. However, it is important to note that this study only compared the negative impact of different social media features on mental health, and it is possible that social media games may have a greater impact when studied in isolation. These findings highlight the need for caution in the use of social media, particularly among young people in Saudi Arabia. While social media can provide a sense of connection and support, it is important to be aware of its potential negative impacts on mental health. In light of these findings, it may be beneficial for individuals to set limits on their social media use and prioritize activities that promote mental wellbeing, such as physical exercise and social interaction with friends and family.
One potential implication of these findings is the need for greater education and awareness about the potential dangers of social media. This could involve educating people about the importance of finding validation from sources other than social media, as well as helping people to develop healthy habits when it comes to their social media use. This could involve setting limits on the amount of time spent on social media, being selective about the content that is consumed, and finding ways to disconnect from social media when necessary. Overall, these findings highlight the need for caution when using social media, particularly for youth in Saudi Arabia. While social media can be a useful tool for communication and connection, it is important to be mindful of the potential negative effects on mental health. It may be helpful for individuals to limit the attention they pay to certain features, such as likes, comments, and followers, and to engage in passive rather than active consumption of media. Further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms by which social media impacts mental health and to identify effective interventions to mitigate negative effects.
There are several potential limitations to this study that should be considered when interpreting the results. First, the sample size of 385 participants may not be representative of the larger population of Saudi Arabian youth. Additionally, the self-reported nature of the data may be subject to bias, as individuals may not accurately recall or report their social media habits. Finally, the cross-sectional design of the study means that it is not possible to establish cause-and-effect relationships between social media use and mental health. Another limitation of this study is that the definition of “youth” is not explicitly stated. It is possible that the experiences and activities of respondents aged 18 and those aged 35 may differ significantly. Additionally, the study did not explicitly consider the potential impact of gender on the relationship between social media use and mental health. Future research should aim to further explore these demographic variables in order to better understand the specific effects of social media on mental health among different populations. Such investigations should consider using larger and more diverse samples, as well as more robust research designs to further explore the relationship between social media and mental health.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social media on mental health among young people. Social media has become an integral part of modern society, with platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram offering a range of features including messaging, media sharing, and gaming. However, there is growing concern that the use of social media may have negative effects on mental health, particularly among young people who are more likely to use these platforms extensively. The study aimed to identify the specific features of social media that have the greatest impact on mental health and to examine the underlying reasons for these effects. To achieve these objectives, the study used AHP to assess the relevance and importance of eight social media features to 385 respondents aged between 18 and 35. The findings showed that likes, comments, and followers were the most relevant features to respondents, while gaming was the least favorite feature. In terms of the criteria influencing the respondents’ sentiments, entertainment was the most important factor, while privacy was the least important. The study concludes that social media can have both positive and negative effects on mental health, depending on how it is used and the specific features that are engaged with. It is therefore important for young people to be aware of the potential risks and to use social media in a balanced and responsible manner.
Question 1: Rank the importance of the following social media features as they occur to you as (1) for the least important and (8) for the most important. | |
Question 2: How do you determine the importance of social media features to you? Rank how the following factors influence your sentiments as (1) for least significant Determinant and (6) for the most significant Determinant. | |
Question 3: On a scale of 1 to 8, rate the effect of the below social media features in inducing mental health issues as (1) for Smallest Effect and (8) for Biggest Effect |
This research received no external funding.
Not applicable.
Data availability statement, conflicts of interest.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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Nick Haslam , The University of Melbourne
Steven Berkowitz , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Emmy Betz , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Lecturer / senior lecturer in construction and project management, top contributors.
Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Professor of Psychology, The University of Melbourne
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Library Mental Disorders Case Studies Top Disorders & Issues Articles - Mental & Medical Disorders
With average life expectancy rising, it’s inevitable that an increasing number of people will experience mental and medical disorders and issues in their lifetimes. (1) Life issues, illnesses, and diseases can affect the body, thoughts, emotions, and behavior and make daily life more challenging. Although many transmittable diseases can now easily be treated or healed, the abundant, fast-paced, and high-stimulation society people live in has seen an increase in noncommunicable diseases. (2)Â
The number of adolescents and adults reporting mental disorders is increasing. (3) Plus, lifestyle-related medical disorders are the largest global cause of mortality, accounting for 74% of all deaths. (4) These types of disorders and issues are highly complex and interrelated, and lifestyle is a primary risk factor in their occurrence.Â
The convenience, choice, and freedom that come with modern life put people at a higher risk of physical and mental disorders. While genes and environment are risk factors for any illness, individuals and families can play a major role in reducing their chances of developing a mental or physical disorder. By seeking treatment and making gradual lifestyle shifts, people with a diagnosis can manage or reduce their symptoms. (5)
Medical disorders.
Diagnosing a mental disorder is complex. (6) Unlike a broken bone or viral infection, it isn’t possible to take an X-ray or a sample to confirm someone has a psychological illness. Medical professionals must use their extensive specialized knowledge of various symptoms and the patient’s self-description to reach a conclusion. As such, getting a diagnosis for a mental disorder often requires patience and persistence.
Eating disorders involve an obsessive preoccupation with weight, food consumption, and body image. (7) They negatively impact daily life and harm the individual’s physical and mental health. Examples include:
Anxiety disorders are characterized by disproportionate levels of worry and fear regarding future events. (8) Individuals with the following conditions have difficulty functioning in daily life because of their symptoms:
Mood disorders impact an estimated 21% of adults in the United States. (9) Affected individuals experience severe and persistent disturbances to their moods that hinder their ability to work, go to school, and have healthy relationships. Some mood conditions include:
Psychosis is an inability to separate reality from imagination that’s usually caused by extreme stress, viruses, and changes in brain functioning. (10) Psychotic disorders include:
Neurodevelopmental disorders result from abnormal brain development and affect communication, cognition, and behavior. (11) They include:
Distress and trauma present psychological symptoms, but they have a physical impact on the brain and central nervous system. (12) The changes they make can make daily life difficult for those with the condition. Below are some trauma-related disorders:
Impulse control disorders cause people to act in unwanted ways and cause disruption to their own or other people’s lives. (13) Here are some examples:
Substance use disorders and behavioral addictions involve continuing to habitually take substances or engage in risky behaviors, despite negative outcomes. Some common addictive disorders include:
People with personality disorders have markedly different experiences of the world compared to average people. They think, feel, and relate to others in chronically unhealthy ways that impede their experience of daily life. Some examples are:
Medical disorders often develop over time as a result of a range of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Unlike communicable diseases, they aren’t contagious and can’t be passed from one person to another in the same way as viral or bacterial infections. (14) However, they’re often at least partly hereditaryâand lifestyle factors that increase the risk of developing them are highly heritable. (15)
Heart disease is an umbrella term for a range of conditions that affect the heart, and it’s the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. (16) High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and tobacco use are the leading risk factors. Coronary artery disease, in which the arteries that transport blood to the heart and brain are narrowed, is the most common type of heart disease.Â
Cancer is a group of illnesses characterized by unhealthy cell growth, and it’s the second-leading cause of death behind heart disease in the United States. (17) Around 90% of cancer cases are attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors, including tobacco, alcohol, poor diet, sun exposure, environmental pollution, infections, obesity, and physical inactivity. (18)Â
COPDÂ is the third-leading cause of death globally and is thought to be preventable for many people. (19) People with the illness have narrowed airways and struggle to carry out day-to-day activities due to breathlessness.Â
Diabetes occurs when the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin to effectively manage blood sugar. (20) It’s one of the leading causes of heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and stroke. A person can prevent or delay the disease with medication, regular physical activity, and a healthy diet, as well as avoiding tobacco.
Neurodegenerative disorders are diseases of the brain characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities. (21) Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, but there are other types.
A stroke is caused by a blockage that hinders blood supply to the brain or a burst blood vessel in the brain. (22) Blood delivers oxygen to the brain and facilitates speech, movements, memories, thoughts, and emotions. Lack of oxygen causes brain cells to die within minutes, which results in a stroke. Â
Wellness encompasses the steps a person takes to maintain good health and stave off physical and mental disorders. The more an individual focuses on the personal development of health-promoting habits, the easier it is to avoid mental and medical disorders. (23)
Even someone who grew up in a household where smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and stress were commonplace can learn new habits and reduce their risk of developing chronic illness. However, overhauling an entire lifestyle isn’t easy and often requires professional help. A coach or counselor can help with:
Mental illness impacts almost one in five Americans, but everyone will experience a problem in their life at some point. (24) People with a mental or medical disorder might be more vulnerable to their symptoms when they experience stress related to life issues. Examples include:
The philosophy of lifespan development encourages people to view themselves as being in a continual state of development from birth to older age. By learning about the milestones everyone goes throughâand potential hurdles along the wayâindividuals are better prepared for the future.
The first step for anyone concerned they may have any type of disorder is to reach out to a healthcare professional. After diagnosis, they can help patients devise a treatment plan that might include:
In addition to self-care, wellness, and healthcare, a number of complementary and alternative approaches show promise in helping people manage the symptoms of illness. Here are some popular complementary therapies:
Getting diagnosed with a medical or mental disorder can be distressing and disorienting, and it can make people with existing conditions feel overwhelmed. Although it’s challenging, there’s no other time when practicing self-care and healthy habits are more important. Taking time to focus on the long-term benefits of eating well, getting plenty of exercise, and connecting socially can help people resist the urge to resort to unhealthy but familiar behaviors.
Our Medical Affairs Team is a dedicated group of medical professionals with diverse and extensive clinical experience who actively contribute to the development of our content, products, and services. They meticulously evaluate and review all medical content before publication to ensure it is medically accurate and aligned with current discussions and research developments in mental health. For more information, visit our Editorial Policy .
MentalHealth.com is a health technology company guiding people towards self-understanding and connection. The platform offers reliable resources, accessible services, and nurturing communities. Its mission involves educating, supporting, and empowering people in their pursuit of well-being.
The content on this page was originally from MentalHelp.net, a website we acquired and moved to MentalHealth.com in September 2024. This content has not yet been fully updated to meet our content standards and may be incomplete. We are committed to editing, enhancing, and medically reviewing all content by March 31, 2025. Please check back soon, and thank you for visiting MentalHealth.com. Learn more about our content standards here .
Imogen Sharma is a writer and contributor on the Editorial Team at MentalHealth.com, covering addiction, borderline personality disorder, ADHD, and therapy.
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Silver Spring, MD â Nearly 1 out of 5 construction workers report having anxiety or depression, and the overwhelming majority of them havenât sought expert help, a new report shows.
According to the CPWR â The Center for Construction Research and Training report:
Mental health, the report notes, has played a role in the construction industry having the highest death rate and second highest suicide rate among all U.S. industries.
In 2022, more than 1 out of 6 people ages 16 to 64 who suffered fatal overdoses were construction workers. Synthetic opioids were linked to around 75% of those overdose deaths.
That same year, 5,200 construction worker suicides were recorded. Thatâs 5.3 times more than the number of fatal work-related injuries documented in the industry.
âWork-related stressors such as job precarity, long working hours, injuries and poor safety climate are highly correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression,â the report states. âTo prevent mental health issues , the construction industry must address root causes, including work-related factors. Future research addressing modifiable workplace stressors and hazards that affect mental health is imperative to create safer worksites.â
Cpwr report examines causes of death for current, retired and former construction workers, what causes falls in construction cpwr survey digs in, mental health resources and training âunderutilizedâ in civil construction industry: report, cpwr: construction industry accounts for about half of job-related electrical deaths, construction worker suicide: new video talks about mental health, stigma, post a comment to this article.
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Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All
SAINT LUCIA, Sep 25 (IPS) - Climate change is driving a mental health crisis and accelerating eco-anxiety. Dr. Emma Lawrance is leading Climate Cares, Imperial College London, a centre dedicated to research on climate change in mental health. The researcher spoke to IPS about the need to address this growing concern."Young people today are growing up with enormous uncertainty about their future. Climate change is a major driver of that uncertainty, but we weren't talking enough about how the climate crisis impacts mental health," researcher Dr. Emma Lawrance told IPS from her family home in Australia.
With sombre news at every climate report and an era defined by increasing eco-anxiety, Lawrence is leading research into a pressing yet under-explored area: the intersection of climate change and mental health. As the Mental Health Lead at the Institute of Global Health Innovation , Imperial College London, Lawrence's unique career pathâfrom physics and neuroscience to mental health advocacyâis putting a spotlight on the deeply intertwined nature of human well-being and the planet's health.
"I've always had a deep connection to nature," Lawrence told IPS, reminiscing about her upbringing in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia. "Growing up with trees, koalas, and birds, it was always clear to me that we're not separate from nature. Our health and well-being are intimately connected to the well-being of the planet."
Lawrence also worked in science communication and was part of a science circus, traveling around Australia, performing in schools, and embracing the opportunity to visit remote, indigenous communities.
Her early love of the natural world drove her academic interests in physics and chemistry, where she understood the dangers of burning fossil fuels and their catastrophic effects on the climate. But her journey didn't stop at environmental science; it wound through the complexities of mental health, a field shaped both by personal experience and her academic research.
In her teenage years, she faced mental illness firsthand, a period that profoundly shaped her worldview and motivated her to co-found It Gets Brighter , a youth mental health charity. This initiative, she explains, was about offering young people a platform to share and hear stories of hope, letting those struggling know they are not alone.
"I felt that mental health and social connection were critical, especially during periods of uncertainty, which my neuroscience research later supported," she says. During her graduate studies at Oxford, Lawrence's work explored how the brain processes uncertainty and how mental health conditions, like anxiety, can alter decision-making. "When we're missing critical information, it changes how we approach decisions, and anxiety often worsens those effects."
At Imperial College London, her work increasingly focused on the growing mental health crisis among young people. As emotional distress, anxiety, and depression rates surged, Lawrence saw a glaring gap in the conversation: climate anxiety.
Lawrence's research highlights a vicious cycle: the climate crisis exacerbates mental health issues, and those struggling with psychological distress may find it harder to engage in climate action. "People need psychological resilience to face these challenges. But the stress and anxiety stemming from climate change, such as the trauma of witnessing environmental destruction, can undermine that very resilience."
Her work came to the forefront during the Connecting Climate Minds global event in Barbados this year. It was a landmark event that brought together experts, activists, and policymakers from across the globe to discuss the intersection of climate change and mental health. One of the key takeaways from the event, according to Lawrence, is the need to invest in community-based mental health support, especially in areas most affected by climate change.
"What often determines whether someone thrives or struggles under climate-related stress is the strength of their community. Building resilient communities not only helps individuals cope but also equips them to take action."
Policy Action
Lawrence is calling on lawmakers to focus on creating systems that address the intertwined nature of climate and mental health. "There needs to be more awareness about the connections between the health of people and the health of the planet. Policymakers need to recognize that promoting environmental sustainability and mental health resilience go hand in hand."
One striking example of this is the growing issue of extreme heat , which not only affects physical health but can also have profound psychological impacts, particularly for people with pre-existing mental health conditions. "In many parts of the world, people are essentially trapped in their homes due to extreme heat, which places an enormous burden on their mental health," she explains. "Policymakers need to factor this into their public health responses, ensuring that communities are equipped with the resources and information to manage both the physical and mental health impacts."
As Lawrence looks to the future, she remains hopeful. The connections forged at the Barbados event and through her ongoing work at Imperial College London offer a blueprint for addressing the twin crises of climate change and mental health.
"We need to invest in connectionâacross policy, communities, and regions. There are already so many great initiatives happening, but they need to be scaled up and brought out of their silos. The solutions are there, but we need to bring people together to make them happen."
Lawrence is at the forefront of this vital conversation, and as climate anxiety grows, her work offers both a warning and a call to actionâmental health is inextricably linked to the health of the planet. The conversation needs to be amplified.
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© Inter Press Service (2024) â All Rights Reserved Original source: Inter Press Service
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Conduct disorder among children. Role of therapy in behavioural disorders. Eating and drinking habits and mental health. Addictive behaviour patterns for teenagers in high school. Discuss mental implications of gambling and sex addiction. Impact of maladaptive behaviours on the society. Extreme mood changes.
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found mental health concerns can cause a student to have difficulty in school. with poor academic performance, even chronic absenteeism, and disciplinary. concerns. Weist (2005) notes that in the prior two decades, "school mental health. programs have increased due to the recognition of the crisis in children's mental.
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According to the CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training report: In 2021, 15.4% of workers said they had anxiety or depression, based on medication or symptoms. Among them, 84.3% didn't seek help from a mental health professional in the previous 12 months.
SAINT LUCIA, Sep 25 (IPS) - Climate change is driving a mental health crisis and accelerating eco-anxiety. Dr. Emma Lawrance is leading Climate Cares, Imperial College London, a centre dedicated to research on climate change in mental health. The researcher spoke to IPS about the need to address this growing concern."Young people today are growing up with enormous uncertainty about their future.