how to write the title and author of a book in an essay

Writing A Book Title In Your Essay – The Right Way

Table of contents

• 1 APA Style: How to Write Book Titles in Essays
• 2 APA Style Essay: Writing The Name of The Author
• 3 MLA Style Essay: Citing a Book Title
• 4 Chicago Style Essay: Writing the Book Title
• 5 Writing Various Types of Titles
• 6 Should We Underline or Italicize Book Titles?

When you are writing an academic essay , the book title and author’s name should be written in italics. However, if the book title is part of a larger work (such as a journal article), it should be underlined instead. So, you’re wondering how to write a book title in an essay?

Writing an essay with a book title can be tricky, particularly because each style guide has its own formatting rules for including titles in the main text. Whether you are using MLA, APA, Chicago, or Harvard referencing styles, you will need to consider how to properly format the book title. For more complicated literature-based assignments, seeking assistance from an admission essay writing service may be wise, as they specialize in writing essays that incorporate academic sources.

In this article, we will explore how to write both titles in an essay properly so that you avoid any mistakes!

APA Style: How to Write Book Titles in Essays

When writing an essay, you must follow the style guide provided by your professor. Some teachers may require you to use APA style and others MLA style. There are some rules on how to quote a book title in an essay. You should use italics and quotation marks when writing book titles in essays. For example: “ The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II. “

When writing a book title in APA Style , you should be aware of these rules:

Write the book title in italics and place it after the author’s name, which is presented in reverse order (last name first).

Use quotation marks around the headline of a chapter or article.

Capitalize proper names that are not common nouns (names of people, places, organizations), but do not capitalize words such as “and,” “or,” “to,” or “and/or.”

Do not capitalize prepositions that appear at the beginning of titles if they are followed by an article (e.g., “A,” “An”), but do capitalize prepositions at the beginning of titles if they are not followed by articles (“Of”).

The first word of the headline should be capitalized, as well as any other words after a colon or hyphen. For example, “The Elements of Style: Grammar for Everyone”  or “Theories of Personality: Critical Perspectives.”

Capitalize proper names and words derived from them (e.g., the names of people, places, organizations), except proper nouns used generically (e.g., ‘a bed’).

APA Style Essay: Writing The Name of The Author

You should always use the full name and surname of the author in your APA essay because this will give proper credit to the writer. If you do not mention the author’s full name, people may not know who wrote what and will think you copied it from somewhere else. This will cause lots of problems for you and your reputation as well.

Make sure that all authors’ names appear in the same format in each entry. For example, if one person’s surname is Smith and another’s is Jones, both have first names starting with “J.” It may seem like they are being cited as different people when they’re actually written differently from each other on separate pages in your paper.

To write an APA essay without any issues, there are certain rules that you need to follow while writing an author’s name in APA essay:

• Use only one author’s name in your paper unless there are multiple authors
• If there are multiple authors, then use both their last names followed by the initials of their first names
• Only use initials of first names when there are three or more authors; otherwise, use full names with their last names

Example: Johnson, M.C., Carlson, M., Smith, J. N., & Hanover, L. E.

MLA Style Essay: Citing a Book Title

Now let’s discuss how to mention a book in an essay. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition, published by the Modern Language Association (2014), contains detailed rules about how to cite a book title in an essay.

The following guidelines will instruct you on how to refer to a book in an essay in MLA style :

• List your sources at the end of your paper, before the works cited page or bibliography.
• Use italics for titles of books, magazines, and newspapers, but not for articles within those publications, which should be placed in quotation marks.
• Include all relevant book information under two categories: “title” and “author.” In the former category, include the work’s title and its subtitle if there is one; do this even if neither appears on your title page (see below). In the latter category, include only primary authors who have written or edited an entire book; if there are multiple contributors, you should cite them separately under each.

The general format for citing the title of the book in an essay is as follows:

Author’s last name, first initial (Date). Title of Book with Subtitle if there is one. Publisher Name/Location of Publisher; Year Published

Chicago Style Essay: Writing the Book Title

One of the most important things to remember when writing in Chicago style is how to write the title of a book in an essay. To write a good book title in an essay, you should follow these steps:

• Write it at the beginning of your sentence.
• Capitalize it just like any other noun or proper noun.
• Put a comma after the title unless it’s an introductory clause or phrase. For example: “The Firm,” by John Grisham (not “by”) and “The Catcher in the Rye,” by J.D Salinger (not “and”).
• In addition to the book’s name, punctuation marks should also be italicized.

For example: Harry Potter and the Half-blood Prince: Children’s Edition

Writing Various Types of Titles

Now that we covered how to write a book title and author in an essay, it’s time to look at some different types of titles. When you write a book title in an essay, several things must be considered. Whether it’s a book, series, chapter title, editor’s name, or author’s name, how you write it depends on where it appears in your paper.

Here are some key rules for writing headings for novels:

•  Use capital letters to write the title of the novel. For example,  The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett .
• Use italics and capital letters to write the name of the author and his/her other works mentioned in a book title—for example,  Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813) .

You should use quotation marks when writing headings of short title poems, articles, and stories.

However, before deciding which format to use, it is important to understand the main idea you want to express in your essay. Additionally, you could use essay papers for sale to help you accomplish your goal of writing an essay effectively.

Should We Underline or Italicize Book Titles?

It depends on which style guide you use. The Modern Language Association and Chicago Manual of Style both suggest using italics, while the American Psychological Association suggests using quotation marks with a few exceptions.

The way you write the title of a book in an essay is different depending on the instructions you were given. For example, if you’re writing an essay in APA style, use quotation marks around the book’s name. If you’re writing for MLA or Chicago style , however, italicize the book’s name instead. If you’re writing a handwritten essay instead of using a computer, capitalize and underline the book’s name.

Readers also enjoyed

WHY WAIT? PLACE AN ORDER RIGHT NOW!

Just fill out the form, press the button, and have no worries!

We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy.

How to Write a Book Title in an Essay (MLA, APA etc.)

Formatting your essay correctly ensures that you get full recognition for the hard work you put into it. Wondering what to do? There are two scenarios that lead you to the question of "how to write a book title in an essay":

• You have not been required to use a particular style guide, in which case consistency remains important.
• You have been instructed to use a particular style guide. You now simply need to ensure that you are familiar with its rules.

Regardless of which of these scenarios holds true for you, this guide is here to help.

How to Write a Book Title in an Essay

Many style manuals call on writers use title case and italics to format a book title. Title case rules vary slightly from one style guide to the next, but generally capitalize all important words — nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. Conjunctions and prepositions are not capitalized unless they are very long (generally more than four letters) or they appear at the beginning or end of a book title.

Writers who are not required to work with a specific style manual can't go wrong if they stick to this style. Some examples would be:

• To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
• The Gift of Fear and Other Survival Signals That Protect us From Violence by Gavin de Becker
• The Cat With a Feathery Tail and Other Stories by Enid Blyton

If, on the other hand, you're required to use a style guide, it will likely be one of these:

• MLA, commonly used in disciplines relating to literature and social sciences.
• APA, commonly used in psychology and other sciences.
• Chicago, often used in the publishing industry.
• Harvard style, commonly used in philosophy and social sciences.

These are certainly not the only "big players" in the style guide world, but they're ones it's good to be familiar with. There is overlap between these styles, but there are also major differences — so knowing one definitely does not mean you know the others, too.

Guidelines for Writing a Book Title in an Essay

Looking for a short and sharp answer, so you can get on with the rest of your essay? This is it.

This quick guide will help you reference the book title of your choosing in the body of your essay, but what about your Works Cited pages? Each style guide offers different rules, and we'll use the same book as an example to illustrate the differences.

• MLA uses the following format: Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book . City of Publication, Publisher, Publication Year. Example: Card, Orson Scott. Ender's Game. Tor Books, 1985. (You only have to detail the city of publication if the book was published before 1900, the publisher has offices in many localities, or the publisher is not known in the US.)
• APA uses the following format: Author Last Name, First Name. (Year of Publication). Title of book. Example: Card, Orson Scott. (1985). Ender's game.
• Chicago style uses the following format: Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title: Subtitle . Place of publication: Publisher, Year. Example: Card, Orson Scott. Ender's Game . Tor Books, 1985.
• Harvard uses the following format: Author Last Name, First Initial. (Publication Year). Title . ed. City: Publisher. Example: Card, O. (1985). Ender's Game. Tor Books.

If, after researching, you cannot find relevant information about publication years, publishers, or the city in which a book was published, you may omit it. For a full guide, it is always best to have a physical copy of the latest edition of the style manual you are using. You can, however, get by without this if you need to.

Should you still not know what to do, it will be helpful for you to know that you can "generate" citations for a particular style manual with the help of online tools like Cite Me . These are not always accurate, so if you decide to use one, always check the citation manually.

Why Is Proper Formatting Important?

All of the well-known style manuals ultimately serve the very same set of purposes, although they were each developed for a particular niche. The goals of these style manuals are both explicit and implicit:

• Following a style guide ensures consistency throughout a document, in this case an essay.
• Consistency ensures that reader's understand precisely what the writer is talking about, without exerting any effort on figuring that out. Clarity is especially important in academic writing.
• By using a style guide within a certain discipline, you show that you understand the rules within that discipline. This adds credibility to your voice as a writer. You have done your homework, have ideally bought the style manual, and are part of the "in group".
• Sticking to a certain style guide makes it easier for relevant parties to check your references, which they can then use to perform further research.

Students are increasingly asked to refer to style guides at all levels, including in high school. In this case, formatting your essay correctly, in accordance with the right style manual, serves two additional purposes:

• You'll lose points if you don't do it right, offering you an additional reason to do your research.
• Getting used to these formats prepares you for further education. If you are in high school, it prepares you for college-level writing. If you are an undergraduate student, it prepares you for academic work at the graduate and post-graduate levels.

Can you start an essay with a book title?

Yes, you can start an essay with a book title. This is a valid stylistic choice, but you will always want to consider your introduction carefully.

How do you write a book title in handwriting?

Students sometimes ask whether it is acceptable to underline book titles instead of italicizing them. This practice indeed stems from a time in which most students wrote their essays by hand. Although it has largely fallen out of practice now, you can still underline a book title if you are handwriting your essay.

How do you write a book title and chapter in an essay?

You should mention the chapter title first: "Rat" from Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card. Consult the relevant style manual to ensure you get the formatting right.

Can you shorten a book title in an essay?

Yes, you can. Reference the full title the first time you mention it (for example: Furiously Happy: A Funny Book About Horrible Things ). The next time you mention the book, you may simply refer to Furiously Happy .

Related posts:

• How to Write the Date in MLA Format
• How To Write A Movie Title In An Essay
• Someone Walked Over My Grave - Meaning and Origin
• 14 Tips to Help you Write An Essay Fast
• Go Pound Sand - Meaning, Usage and Origin
• How to Write a DBQ (APUSH) Essay?

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Verify originality of an essay

Get ideas for your paper

Find top study documents

How to write a book title in an essay: essential guidelines for students

Updated 13 Jun 2024

Unlocking the art of seamlessly integrating book titles in essays is a skill every writer should master. Navigating the intricate landscape of various style guides, such as MLA, APA, Harvard, or Chicago, requires a nuanced understanding of formatting rules. Whether you’re a student aiming for precision in academic writing or an aspiring author looking to enhance your literary prowess, this article will guide you through the nuances of how to write a book title in an essay in different citation styles.

Let’s delve into the subtleties and ensure your book details are written and presented with finesse!

General rules

Crafting a polished essay or writing book report involves well-thought-out content and meticulous attention to formatting, especially when writing book title. Understanding the general guidelines across popular citation styles is essential for presenting your literary references coherently. Discover where all styles agree on how to quote books in essays. 

• Following formatting requirements, self-contained and independent books, spanning genres like novels, short stories, a collection of poems, and plays, share a common trait. Are book titles italicized? Yes, they are. Consider the following masterpieces as prime examples:

• Components within a larger work, such as acts, chapters, scenes, songs, or individual poems, are embraced by quotation marks. In this case, the whole book title in an essay remains italicized. Let’s see some examples:

• When the book's name mentioned within the overarching title is typically formatted in italics, it’s advisable to employ italic letters consistently. So, the overarching title that encompasses the specific book's discussion should also be italicized. 
• If the name of book in essay (poem or novel) referenced within the overarching title typically appears within double quotation marks, it’s recommended to enclose it in single quotation marks instead. Besides, ensure the formatting is consistent throughout your text. If the main title is italicized, remember to maintain this style for the entire heading, including the nested title within quotation marks. If it’s challenging, you may pay someone to do my homework to avoid any inconsistencies in your formatting. Let’s see how these two guidelines can be implemented in the following examples:

• Both stand-alone books and subsections within a larger work adhere to title case capitalization, where major words are capitalized. Consider the following examples:

When considering how to write book titles in essays it's essential to note that capitalization rules can vary significantly between style guides, adding a layer of complexity. Therefore, the path you choose for capitalization should align with the specific style requirements, ensuring consistency and adherence to academic standards. Whether following APA, MLA, or another guide, clarity in title presentation is a key element in elevating the overall quality of your handwritten work.

Don't risk a zero grade!

Hire our experts to proofread, polish, and check your work for accuracy. Just $7/page. Zero AI.

How to write a book title in different citation styles: APA, MLA, Chicago, AMA, and CSE 

Navigating the proper formatting of book titles in an essay requires understanding the diverse rules prescribed by various style guides. Whether you’re following the guidelines of the Modern Language Association, American Psychological Association, Chicago Manual of Style, or another specific style, each has unique conventions for presenting the book’s details within your text. In this exploration, we delve into the nuances of formatting an essay body containing book names and emphasize the distinct approaches dictated by different styles.

How to write a book title in an essay in APA style? The rules for indicating the names of books and authors are as follows:

Book titles:

• Italicize all the words and punctuation. Do not underline or place them in quotation marks.
• Capitalize the first word of titles of books in papers, the first word after a colon, and all major words. Avoid capitalizing minor words (e.g., articles, prepositions, conjunctions) unless they are the first word of the name or longer than four letters.
• Always place the book title after the author’s name.

Example: The Great Gatsby .

Author names:

• Write the author’s last name followed by their initials without spaces or periods.
• If multiple authors are indicated in your college papers for sale , separate their names with commas and use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name.
• If the work has a group or corporate author (e.g., an organization), write the name in full.

Example 1 (single author): Smith, J. A.

Example 2 (multiple authors): Smith, J. A., Johnson, M. R., & Brown, P. S.

Example 3 (group author): American Psychological Association.

Should we italicize or quote book titles according to MLA style? Modern Language Association suggests the following guidelines for academic papers:

• Write the book title in essay in italics. Underlining or placing them in quotation marks is not required.
• Capitalize the first and last words of the title, as well as all major words in between. Do not capitalize minor words unless they are the first or last words of the title or come after a colon.

Example: A Good Man Is Hard to Find.

• Write the author’s full name with the last name first, followed by the first name.
• If there are multiple authors, enumerate them in the order they appear on the title page.
• If the work has a corporate author (e.g., an organization), you can use the organization’s name.

Example 1: Fitzgerald, F. Scott.

Example 2: Smith, John, and Mary Johnson.

Example 3: Modern Language Association.

“Do you italicize authors names in Chicago?” you can ask. Let’s speak about this formatting style. The rules listed in the Chicago essay guide prescribe the following:

• Italicize or underline (older tradition) the titles of larger works, including books. It's more common for readers to see italics in modern Chicago style.
• Capitalize the first and last words of the title, along with all major words in between. Do not capitalize minor words unless they are the first or last words of the title or come after a colon.

Example: Murder on the Orient Express .

• Write the author's full name with the last name first, followed by the first name.
• If there are several writers, indicate them in the order they appear on the title page.

Example 1: Ellison, Ralph.

Example 2: Wood, James, and Mary Jane.

Example 3: University of Chicago Press.

Discover how to quote a book in an essay in AMA. The American Medical Association has specific guidelines for citing and formatting. Here are the rules:

• Use italics for the titles of larger works, including books ─ no need to underline or place them in quotation marks.
• Capitalize only the first word of the title and any proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of subsequent words unless they are proper nouns.

Example: The great Gatsby .

• Write the author's last name followed by their initials without spaces or periods.
• If there are multiple authors, use commas to separate them and apply an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name.
• If the work has a group or corporate author, write the name in full.

Example 1: Fitzgerald FS.

Example 2: Smith JA, Johnson MR, & Brown PS.

Example 3: American Medical Association.

The requirements of the Council of Science Editors are similar to the AMA style. If you find them challenging or need clarifications, you may always send us your “ write an essay for me ” request and get support with your formatting anytime. Let’s see the essential guidelines: 

• Italicize the title of books in essay (here, we mean larger works, not chapters or articles). Do not underline them, and avoid using quotation marks.
• Use capitalizing for only the first word of the title, proper nouns, and the first word after a colon or em dash.

Example: A tale of two cities.

• Write the author's last name followed by a space and their initials, with no commas or periods between the initials.
• If there are multiple authors, use commas to separate them, and use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name.

Example 1: Dickens C.

Example 2: Clark JB, Doe JM, & Anderson KL.

Example 3: Council of Science Editors.

Final thoughts

In conclusion, navigating the intricacies of writing a book title in an essay is an important skill for any writer. By mastering the diverse formatting rules of style guides, you’ll meet academic standards and infuse your work with professionalism. As you embark on your next writing journey, remember that precision matters. 

For personalized assistance and expert guidance in creating argumentative essays, consider EduBirdie as your go-to ally. Elevate your writing experience and achieve excellence with the support of a trusted partner. Take the first step towards impeccable papers ─ choose EduBirdie for your writing success!

Was this helpful?

Thanks for your feedback.

Written by Steven Robinson

Steven Robinson is an academic writing expert with a degree in English literature. His expertise, patient approach, and support empower students to express ideas clearly. On EduBirdie's blog, he provides valuable writing guides on essays, research papers, and other intriguing topics. Enjoys chess in free time.

Related Blog Posts

Diversity essay: effective tips for expressing ideas.

In today's interconnected and rapidly evolving world, the importance of diversity in all its forms cannot be overstated. From classrooms to workpla...

Learn how to write a deductive essay that makes you proud!

Learning how to write a deductive essay may sound like a challenging task. Yet, things become much easier when you master the definition and the ob...

A Guide On How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay

This particular term refers to a type of essay written to discuss a specific idea, voice clip, written piece or a video, using purely one’s ideas, ...

Join our 150K of happy users

• Get original papers written according to your instructions
• Save time for what matters most

• Link to facebook
• Link to linkedin
• Link to twitter
• Link to youtube
• Writing Tips

How to Write Book Titles in Your Essays

3-minute read

• 26th May 2023

When writing an essay, you’re likely to mention other authors’ works, such as books, papers, and articles. Formatting the titles of these works usually involves using quotation marks or italics.

So how do you write a book title in an essay? Most style guides have a standard for this – be sure to check that first. If you’re unsure, though, check out our guide below.

Italics or Quotation Marks?

As a general rule, you should set titles of longer works in italics , and titles of shorter works go in quotation marks . Longer works include books, journals, TV shows, albums, plays, etc. Here’s an example of a book mention:

Shorter works include poems, articles, chapters of books, episodes of TV shows, songs, etc. If it’s a piece that’s part of a biggHow to Write Book Titles in Your Essayser work, the piece considered a short work:

Exceptions to the Rule

The rule for writing book titles in italics applies specifically to running text . If the book title is standing on its own, as in a heading, there’s no need to italicize it.

Additionally, if the book is part of a larger series and you’re mentioning both the title of the series and that of the individual book, you can consider the book a shorter work. You would set the title of the series in italics and place the book title in quotation marks:

Punctuation in Book Titles

Do you need to apply italics to the punctuation in a book title? The short answer is yes – but only if the punctuation is part of the title:

If the punctuation isn’t part of the title (i.e., the punctuation is part of the sentence containing the title), you shouldn’t include in the italics:

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

Summary: Writing Book Titles in Essays

We hope you’ll now feel confident when you’re writing and formatting book titles in your essays. Generally, you should set the title in italics when it’s in running text. Remember, though, to check your style guide. While the standards we’ve covered are the most common, some style guides have different requirements.

And once you finish writing your paper, make sure you send it our way! We’ll make sure any titles are formatted correctly as well as checking your work for grammar, spelling, punctuation, referencing, and more. Submit a free sample to try our service today.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you write the title of a book in a sentence.

Set the title of the book in italics unless the book is part of a larger work (e.g., a book that’s part of a series):

When do you use quotation marks for titles?

Place titles of shorter works or pieces that are contained in a larger work in quotation marks:

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.

9-minute read

How to Use Infographics to Boost Your Presentation

Is your content getting noticed? Capturing and maintaining an audience’s attention is a challenge when...

8-minute read

Why Interactive PDFs Are Better for Engagement

Are you looking to enhance engagement and captivate your audience through your professional documents? Interactive...

7-minute read

Seven Key Strategies for Voice Search Optimization

Voice search optimization is rapidly shaping the digital landscape, requiring content professionals to adapt their...

4-minute read

Five Creative Ways to Showcase Your Digital Portfolio

Are you a creative freelancer looking to make a lasting impression on potential clients or...

How to Ace Slack Messaging for Contractors and Freelancers

Effective professional communication is an important skill for contractors and freelancers navigating remote work environments....

How to Insert a Text Box in a Google Doc

Google Docs is a powerful collaborative tool, and mastering its features can significantly enhance your...

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

How To Write Book Titles The Proper Way: A Complete Guide For Writers

• February 10, 2022

Book titles within essays or papers can be tricky. There are specific rules that are given for how to include a book title in a way that sets it apart from the content of your writing given by the Modern Language Association. However, as with many other things in life, there are exceptions to the rules. This article will guide you through the rules of the writing style guides so that you can include a book’s title in your paper or essay correctly.

How to write book titles:

Style guides and book titles.

When it comes to book titles within text, there are a few different style guides that have rules you can follow, depending on your writing type. The three types that you will encounter most often are; MLA style, Chicago manual of style, and APA. A writing instructor will usually tell you what style guide you are expected to use for a particular essay or paper.

MLA Style Guide

The MLA handbook states that you should always italicize book titles when styling book titles within your text. The exception to this rule are religious texts. You would not italicize the Holy Bible or the sacred books or titles of other religions. Note the following example.

Pam had stayed most of the summer indoors, re-reading her favorite book series. She was already up to  Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone , and she didn’t regret not being more active or going outside.

In the above example, the book title is italicized. Fiction titles and nonfiction titles alike must be in italics when within the text.

Series Titles in MLA

In the above example, a book from a series was used. But what if the text had not specified which book from the series Pam was reading? Would it still need to be in italics? The answer is: in this case, yes. In other cases, sometimes.

It’s really not as confusing as it seems. When you are talking about a book series but don’t want or need to include the complete series titles for the purposes of your work, you only have to put words in italics that also appear in the book titles. So, because  Harry Potter  is part of the title of all of the books in the series, you would italicize his name every time you mention the book.

However, if you were talking about Katniss Everdeen, you would not have to do this, as the book series she is featured in doesn’t use her name in the titles of  The Hunger Games  series. The same would be true of books like the Nancy Drew books.

Quotation Marks

There are instances in which titles should be placed inside of quotation marks within a paper or essay. This is done when you cite the titles of poems , a chapter title, short stories, articles, or blogs.

So, for example, if you were to write a paper that featured a poem from a book, you would put the book title in italics and the poems cited in quotation marks.

An example of an enduring love poem is “Annabel Lee” from  The Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. 

Chapter Title

Another time that quotation marks should be used is when using the title of a chapter. If you are citing a specific chapter of a book, you would enclose the title of the chapter in quotation marks, and the title of the book should be in italics.

The desperation and sadness of a man on death row can be seen in the “Wild Wind Blowing” chapter of Norman Mailer’s  The Executioner’s Song. 

Short Stories

Short stories are another case. Much like the title of a chapter or poem, in which the title is placed in quotation marks, while the title of the book or collection it is found in is italics. The same can be said for sections, stories, or chapters cited within a literary journal.

Stepping away from his norm of horror and gore, Stephen King writes of trust, love, and regret in his story “The Last Rung on the Ladder,” which can be found in his short story collection  Night Shift. 

Punctuation Marks

If you are citing a story or title that includes question marks, you need to make sure to italicize the question mark when citing. Keep all punctuation, such as a question mark, comma, ellipses, colon, or exclamation mark, as it is in the original individual books.

If you want a funny and irreverent read, you’ve got to try  Are You There, Vodka? It’s Me, Chelsea.  Chelsea Handler has done a phenomenal job of being vulgar, relatable, and explaining life from her viewpoint in this hilarious and memorable book.

The Digital Age: Are Book Titles Underlined Anymore?

MLA style used to dictate that a book title should either be in italics or underlined. However, that is no longer the case. As computers started to take over as the major tool used in writing, it became unpopular to underline book titles. Therefore, this rule was dropped from the style guides.

However, it should be mentioned that when handwriting an essay or research paper, many instructors prefer that you underline book titles, as it’s relatively difficult to handwrite italics. If you are in a writing course or a class that is heavy on handwritten work, be sure to ask your instructor or teacher which method they prefer for citing a book title.

How to Come Up with Book Title Ideas

Now that quotation marks, italics, and style guides have been discussed, let’s move on to how you can come up with your own book title. If you’d like a title for your book that sounds interesting and will get a reader’s attention, you may find this article helpful.

Coming up with a good title for your book is a challenging yet essential marketing decision . The right title can make your target audience choose your new book off of the shelf instead of another writer’s work. Your book cover and your book title are quite possibly the most important marketing decisions you will make.

How to Choose a Good Book Title

Certain criteria should be met if you want to have a good book title , and there are specific steps involved in getting there. You may have assumed up until now that titles of books were just spur of the moment decisions made by authors or publishers, but a lot of work goes into writing good titles.

Grab the Reader’s Attention

As a general rule, you want your reader to remember your title and to sound interesting, even without the reader having seen the cover. There are several ways to do this. You can be a little dark with your title, be controversial, provoke the reader, or even be funny.

There are many examples of such works that use memorable and attention-seeking titles. The following are some different titles that are effective and would most likely provoke a reader to grab them from a shelf for closer inspection.

• Burn After Writing (Sharon Jones)
• Love in the Time of Cholera (Gabriel Garcia Marquez)
• Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? (Mindy Kaling)
• Are You There, Vodka? It’s Me, Chelsea (Chelsea Handler)
• The Devil Wears Prada (Lauren Weisberger)
• Chicken Soup for the Soul (various authors)
• God Bless You, Dr. Kevorkian (Kurt Vonnegut)

Shorter Titles

If your full title for your book is long, you may end up boring a reader or creating a situation where a reader tries to remember the title of your book, but it’s too long and ends up getting it confused with another book. Although you should always do your best to make sure that there aren’t books by other authors that share a title or have a title similar to your book (more on that in a minute), you don’t want a person to get confused and get the wrong book instead.

Research Your Title Ideas

It’s a good idea to take the titles you have considered for your book and make a list. Then, do your homework. You can use tools like Google Adwords to test out your title to see if there are others like it, or you can simply use any search engine and plug your title ideas into the search bar and see what similar or exact titles of the same words pop up.

Readers are generally busy people. They don’t have the time or the energy to ensure that writers get a title right. They’ll look for the book they are interested in, and if it proves to be too difficult, or if there are other books written that have the same title, they’ll move on to something else.

A writer really has to make sure that they have a title that isn’t going to be ignored, is interesting, isn’t too long, and isn’t too similar to other works.

The same goes for titles of short works within a larger body of work. Short works, like poems or stories, need to have unique titles as well when included in a larger body of work, such as a collection. If stories are similar in nature, be sure to title them differently so that readers will be able to tell them apart, as well.

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Sign up to our newsletter!

Related articles

120 Motivational Quotes About Writing To Inspire A New Writer Like You

How To Register A Kindle On Amazon To Enjoy Your Ebooks In 4 Easy Ways

How To Market A Self-Published Book And Be Profitable In 9 Easy Ways

Book Titles in Essays: Formatting Rules and Examples

How do you write the title of a book in an essay?

A short answer: You look at the assignment’s requirements, see the citation style you should use, and go to a corresponding manual to see what rules it prescribes for writing book titles.

That’s when you might hit a snag:

Most rules for the main styles — APA, MLA, and Chicago — seem identical at first glance. It’s easy to miss a preposition or punctuation rule, capitalize a wrong word, or forget about italics. The devil is in the details, and the final grade for your paper depends on them.

Why not gather the formatting rules for all the citation styles in one place so that it’s more comfortable to compare them and spot specifics?

We’ve got you covered:

In this article, our essay writers share the guidelines for citing book titles in five styles. You’ll see how to write a book title in an essay and how to introduce authors. For the sake of clarity, examples are also here.

What is the title of a book in an essay?

You have several options for formatting a book title in your essay.

First, you can mention it in the essay’s body if you are quoting or paraphrasing information from the book. Also, when compiling a bibliography of the resources you used for research, you’ll need book titles for the reference list.

A book’s title and the details of its author are also essential components in the structure of book review . You’ll mention it in the introduction before summarizing a book’s plot, characters, and themes.

How to put book title in essay:

• Use italics
• Don’t underline or use quotation marks, please
• Don’t capitalize minor words like prepositions and conjunctions of three or fewer letters ( a, of, to, the, etc.) unless they are the first or last word in a book’s title

How to write a book title and author in an essay?

Details to consider:

• Is it an in-text mention or part of a reference list?
• Are you writing about an entire book or one of its chapters?
• Does the book have one or several authors?
• Does the book have a subtitle?
• Is it an independent publication or a collection of essays, series, or short stories? Are you introducing a poem in your essay?

The answers to these questions will give you a clear understanding of how to write a book title and author in an essay. The formatting rules will depend on the above factors and the citation style you should follow. (We’ve covered the two main styles —  APA and MLA — in our essay writing book , available on Amazon.)

There are also some general rules to remember, regardless of the style. Let’s move to them and explore the principles of citing book titles inside and out.

How to Introduce a Book in an Essay: General Rules

Here’s what all the styles agree on in terms of how to introduce a book in an essay:

1 — Italicize the titles of self-contained books. If you mention a novel, a movie, a stand-alone poem, a play, a database, or a website, there’s no need to use quotation marks. For example: 

• Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling
• Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
• If by Rudyard Kipling

2 — The titles of parts within a book should go in quotation marks: chapter titles, titles of poems inside a collection, acts or scenes in a play, and so on. For example:

• The Great Gatsby’s “Chapter 5: The Meeting” 
• “The Mirror of Erised” from Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

3 — Capitalize both stand-alone book titles and the parts within a complete work. For example:

• The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger by Stephen King
• “Sometimes They Come Back” from Stephen King’s Night Shift

4 — When the title of a book goes within another title (like in cases with monographs about novels or poems), you should also use italics for independent works and single quotation marks for short stories and parts of books.

For example, this is how to write the title of a journal article containing the book’s title:

• “The Unbearable Weight of Authenticity: Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God and a Theory of Touristic Reading.”

And this is how you’d write a journal article title containing the title of a short story:

• “Individualism in O’Connor’s ‘A Good Man is Hard to Find.'”

When to use a capital letter is the trickiest part of writing book titles in essays. The rules vary between style guides and their editions, which can appear confusing and make it more challenging for students to align with the requirements and ensure consistency.

Below, we’ll explore how to put book title in essay according to five different citation styles: APA, MLA, Chicago, CSE, and AMA.

How to Write the Title of a Book in an Essay: Citation Styles

While most students use APA and MLA citation styles in their academic papers, some institutions also assign alternatives like AMA or CSE. We’ve chosen the five most widespread styles for this guide so that you can have all the rules in one place and see the tiny differences between them for more precise writing.

Here, you’ll find the book title writing guidelines for these styles:

• APA (the American Psychological Association)
• MLA (the Modern Language Association)
• Chicago, aka CMOS (the Chicago Manual of Style)
• CSE (the Council of Science Editors)
• AMA (the American Medical Association)

We also recommend using an AI essay checker to revise your papers and reference lists once your drafts are ready. Whatever style you use to cite sources, this will help ensure that your text doesn’t look AI-generated. (Believe us, your teachers won’t appreciate it.)

APA is the documentation style that the American Psychological Association uses for citing sources. Originated in 1929, this form of writing is standard for social sciences like psychology, communications, sociology, and anthropology. Sometimes, it also relates to engineering, nursing, education, and other corresponding fields.

APA addresses manuscripts for journals and the academic papers students write in college. It’s the most popular and common citation style for the essays your teachers will assign during a course.

The latest version is APA Style’s 7th edition, released in 2020.

When it comes to formatting the title of a book in an essay, APA style’s requirements are easy to remember. Take a look:

MLA is a citation style created by the Modern Language Association and is mainly used in humanities like linguistics, literature, philosophy, and cultural and media studies. It’s the second most used style (after APA), with the most recent manual released in 2021 (the 9th edition).

The manual focuses on the formatting rules for in-text citations, which most users find challenging. It also has expanded guidelines on research papers, grammar mechanics, and inclusive language.

Here’s how to write a book title in an essay, according to MLA:

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is more common for published works than college papers. Many see it as the top one for writers, editors, and publishers to follow when formatting content. Unlike APA or MLA, Chicago style provides two methods for documenting sources:

• Author-date , recommended for works in the physical, natural, and social sciences. It requires using parenthetical citations in the text, with a corresponding entry on the reference page.
• Notes-bibliography , recommended for works in humanities and some social sciences. It requires using numbered footnotes in the text, with a corresponding shortened citation at the bottom of the page and a fuller citation on the reference page.

The author-date system is similar to APA style and, thus, more common for college essays. When in-text, you mention the author, the date, and the page number (if applicable) in parentheses after the quotation. Like this:

• Enlightenment thinkers, such as Kant, believed in the “universal, eternal, and … immutable qualities of all of humanity” (Harvey 1990, 12).

We can almost hear you asking:

“Can you write my essay in this format?”

Yes, we can. Whenever necessary, ask our academic expert for help with your written assignments. When asking your question, provide detailed requirements, including the citation style you need, so that they know what formatting rules to follow.

Below, let’s explore how to put a book title in an essay in CMOS:

Previously known as CBE (the Council of Biology Editors), this style provided formatting guidelines for the editors of biology journals. Today, we know it as CSE (the Council of Science Editors), and it includes many scientific fields in the life sciences, the physical sciences, and mathematics.

As with CMOS, CSE style recommends two systems for documenting sources:

• Citation-sequence , listing sources on a reference page according to the order of their appearance in the document.
• Name-year , which is similar to the author-date system used in Chicago and APA.

The complete guide is available in Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (8th ed.) by the Council of Science Editors. Below, we’ll explore how to write a book title in an essay according to this citation style.

AMA stands for the American Medical Association, so it’s a standard citation style in medicine. While it’s less popular than APA or MLA, we’ve decided to include it in this guide anyway, given that medical students might find it helpful.

Is AMA citation the same as APA?

Not quite. While sharing some nuances, the core difference between these two citation styles is that AMA doesn’t use an author-date system in the text. Instead, we use a superscript numbering system here. Like this:

• “Smith² argues that….”

Also, unlike APA, AMA style doesn’t organize the reference list alphabetically, but numerically, based upon the order of the sources’ appearances in the text.

How to write the title of a book in an essay when you use AMA style:

How to Format a Book Title in an Essay

Long story short, most citation styles agree on using the same format for book titles in essays: capitalized, italicized, and with no underlining or quotation mark (unless you write about a book’s chapter or a shorter work like an article, an essay, or a poem within a more extensive work).

Speaking of underlined titles:

When googling information on how to write a book title in an essay, you can find questions from people wondering if they need to underline titles in papers. It’s an old-time practice from when essays were written by hand: You can’t italicize when handwriting, so you underline a title to distinguish it.

Check any book review sample online, and you’ll see that underlining isn’t a common practice anymore.

How to format a book title in an essay in your reference list:

So, How Do You Write the Title of a Book in an Essay?

Now that you’ve read our detailed guide on how to write a book title in an essay, let’s recap:

• Read the guidelines from your teacher before writing: What citation style do you need to follow?
• Check the manual for your assigned style (APA, MLA, or any other) to ensure that you format the book titles and author names correctly.
• Most citation styles (except for CSE) tell you to italicize and capitalize book titles in essays. Nevertheless, proofread carefully to avoid mistakes with the formatting of prepositions, punctuation, and subtitles.

Are you looking for a title for your next paper? Get help from our essay title generator : Give it several keywords on your topic, and get relevant and creative titles that hook your readers.

Photo by Thought Catalog from Unsplash

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

What our customers say

Our website uses secure cookies. More details

Get professional help from best writers right from your phone

Grab our 3 e-books bundle for $27 FREE

How to Write Book Titles in Essays: APA, MLA, Chicago Styles

It’s your practical and up-to-point guide on how to write a book title in an essay. You’ll get the formatting rules and examples for citing book and author names in academic papers.

We’ve covered the top three citation styles: APA, Chicago, and MLA.

How to Write the Title of a Book in an Essay

First, remember the general rules of citing book names in academic works.

Here’s how to cite books in essays :

• Use capitalization. Every word of a book’s name goes in the title case, except prepositions, articles, and coordinating conjunctions.
• Use italics for longer and independent works. Use double quotations for shorter ones (poems, articles, book chapters, or play acts and scenes).
• Use single quotations for a book’s title within another title. (When citing monographs about literary works, for example.) 

While capitalization rules depend on the citation style, some general tips have a place to be. Please, no capitalization for:

• Articles: a, the (unless the book title begins with it)
• Coordinating conjunctions and prepositions: of, and, or, but, for, to, nor, in, so (unless the book title begins or ends with it)

Subordinating conjunctions (although, unless, because, if) go in capital letters.

How to Write a Book Title in an Essay: APA

APA (American Psychological Association) is the most popular style for citing academic works. It’s common for the social sciences like Education, Psychology, Sociology, and others. The current edition: 7th (2019).

Book titles in APA stand for:

• Italics. (If a book name includes any punctuation, italicize it too.)
• Capitalization. (Capitalize all words longer than four letters , regardless of the part of speech. Also, use capital letters for two-part words and those coming after a dash or a colon.)
• Double quotations instead of italics. (When citing a short work like an article or a poem; when citing a book chapter or when the book is a part of an anthology.)

For example: 

The Lord of the Rings but “The Fellowship of the Ring” (The latter is part of the trilogy.)

Related: How to Cite a Movie in APA Format

How to Write the Name of a Book in an Essay: Chicago

The Chicago Manual of Style is a guide by the University of Chicago. It’s common for fields like History, Fine Arts, and Business. The current edition: 17th (2017).

How to format book titles in Chicago:

• Italicize longer and independent works; put shorter ones in double quotations.
• Use italics for punctuation within a title.
• Capitalize all words except articles (a, the) and ALL prepositions or conjunctions (regardless of length).

For example:

In George Orwell’s 1984 , the author presents a dystopian society characterized by pervasive government surveillance and the suppression of individual freedom. The harrowing events in “Chapter 2,” where Winston Smith begins to rebel against the Party by starting a forbidden diary, mark a pivotal moment in the novel’s exploration of resistance against totalitarianism.

The style resembles the MLA format, but it’s flexible, allowing you to “break the rules if necessary.”

How to Write a Book Title in an Essay: MLA

MLA format stands for the Modern Language Association. It’s common for humanities like Literature, Culture, Linguistics, etc. The current edition: 8th (2016). 

How to format books in MLA:

• Italicize all words, including punctuation and those of two parts or going after colons and hyphens.
• Capitalize all words except articles (a, the) , prepositions, and short conjunctions within a book title.
• Use double quotations instead of italics when writing a book chapter or a part of a book series.

In Little Women , Beth March dies in Chapter 40, “The Valley of the Shadow.”

Formatting Book Author Names in Papers

Use the author’s full name (first and last) to format it in your essay for proper credit.

If a book has two authors, use both last names and initials. For works with three or more authors, use the last name of the first one and add “et all.”

No need to italicize author names in papers.

Why Properly Cite Book Titles in Essays

The short answer:

You won’t get a high grade for an essay. Formatting blunders count as mistakes.

The longer answer:

• You prove writing skills and an understanding of the rules in academia.
• Your papers maintain consistency. It’s critical to stick to criteria to prevent confusion. The consistent format for book headings also serves to better scannability and readability.
• You learn to cite different types of references for your future projects.

Do you italicize book titles?

Yes, you put book titles in italics. Please italicize long and stand-alone works: books, movies, webpages, reports, or music albums. Shorter works’ titles (articles, essays, poems, songs, or book chapters) come in quotations. (1)

Do you underline book titles?

Underlining book titles is an outdated practice. Some still use it in handwritten essays, but it’s not a must-follow rule. Neither APA nor MLA (or Chicago) mentions underlining book names in academic papers.

How to use book title capitalization in texts?

Capitalize every word in a book’s title. Exceptions are articles (a, the), prepositions, and short (three or fewer letters) conjunctions in mid-titles.

Are books italicized in all formatting styles?

Yes, book titles come in italics in all styles: APA, MLA, and Chicago. When citing book chapters or a book as a part of a series, use quotation marks instead.

How to write a book author in an essay?

Use the author’s full name when citing their book in your papers. For works with several authors, mention their last names and initials. Unlike book titles, author names come in standard formatting with no italics.

References:

• https://english.csuci.edu/resources/essay-writing-essentials.htm
• Essay samples
• Essay writing
• Writing tips

Recent Posts

• Writing the “Why Should Abortion Be Made Legal” Essay: Sample and Tips
• 3 Examples of Enduring Issue Essays to Write Yours Like a Pro
• Writing Essay on Friendship: 3 Samples to Get Inspired
• How to Structure a Leadership Essay (Samples to Consider)
• What Is Nursing Essay, and How to Write It Like a Pro

• Flashes Safe Seven
• FlashLine Login
• Faculty & Staff Phone Directory
• Emeriti or Retiree
• All Departments
• Maps & Directions

• Building Guide
• Departments
• Directions & Parking
• Faculty & Staff
• Give to University Libraries
• Library Instructional Spaces
• Mission & Vision
• Newsletters
• Circulation
• Course Reserves / Core Textbooks
• Equipment for Checkout
• Interlibrary Loan
• Library Instruction
• Library Tutorials
• My Library Account
• Open Access Kent State
• Research Support Services
• Statistical Consulting
• Student Multimedia Studio
• Citation Tools
• Databases A-to-Z
• Databases By Subject
• Digital Collections
• Discovery@Kent State
• Government Information
• Journal Finder
• Library Guides
• Connect from Off-Campus
• Library Workshops
• Subject Librarians Directory
• Suggestions/Feedback
• Writing Commons
• Academic Integrity
• Jobs for Students
• International Students
• Meet with a Librarian
• Study Spaces
• University Libraries Student Scholarship
• Affordable Course Materials
• Copyright Services
• Selection Manager
• Suggest a Purchase

Library Locations at the Kent Campus

• Architecture Library
• Fashion Library
• Map Library
• Performing Arts Library
• Special Collections and Archives

Regional Campus Libraries

• East Liverpool
• College of Podiatric Medicine

• Kent State University
• APA Style - 7th edition
• Specific Rules for Authors & Titles

APA Style - 7th edition: Specific Rules for Authors & Titles

• Basic Information

Rules for Writing Author and Editor Information

Rules for writing titles.

• Media Sources
• Internet Sources
• In-text Citations
• Reference Lists

There are certain things to keep in mind when writing the author's name according to APA style. Authors may be individual people, multiple people, groups (institutions or organizations), or a combination of people and groups. 

• You must include all the authors up to 20 for individual items. For example, if you are using an article that has 19 authors you must list them all out on your reference page. 
• Use initials for the first and middle names of authors. Use one space between initials.
• All names are inverted (last name, first initial).
• Do not hyphenate a name unless it is hyphenated on the item.
• Separate the author's names with a comma and use the ampersand symbol "&"  before the last author listed.
• Spell out the name of any organization that is listed as an author.
• If there is no author listed, the item title moves in front of the publication date and is used.

An item that you use may have an editor instead of an author or in the case of audiovisual materials a writer or director.

• For editors follow the same rules above and put the abbreviation (Ed.) or (Eds.) behind the name(s). 
• For audiovisual materials follow the same rules as above and put the specialized role (Writer) (Director) behind the name. 

Zhang, Y. H.  (one author)

Arnec, A., & Lavbic, D. (two authors)​

Kent State University (organization as author)

Barr, M. J. (Ed.). (1 editor)

Powell, R. R., & Westbrook, L. (Eds.). (2 editors)

here are certain things to keep in mind when writing a title according to APA style.

• Book titles are italicized and written using sentence case (only the first word of a title, subtitle, or proper noun are capitalized).
• Book chapter titles are written using sentence case and are not italicized.
• Journal titles are italicized and written using title case (all the important words are capitalized).
• Article titles are written using sentence case and are not italicized.
• Webpages and websites are italicized and written using sentence case.

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (book title, American Psychological Association is a proper noun so it is capitalized)

Student perspective of plagiarism (book chapter title)

Internet plagiarism in higher education: Tendencies, trigging factors and reasons among teacher candidates (article title, Tendencies is the first word of a sub-title so it is capitalized)

Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education (journal title)

• << Previous: Basic Information
• Next: Books >>
• Last Updated: Jul 14, 2023 4:23 PM
• URL: https://libguides.library.kent.edu/apa7

Street Address

Mailing address, quick links.

• How Are We Doing?
• Student Jobs

Information

• Accessibility
• Emergency Information
• For Our Alumni
• For the Media
• Jobs & Employment
• Life at KSU
• Privacy Statement
• Technology Support
• Website Feedback

Discover top guides, trends, tips and expertise from AIO Writers

How to Write a Book Title in an Essay: A Simple Guide

Julia McCoy

Mastering the art of citation is crucial for academic writing, and one common dilemma writers face is how to write a book title in an essay.

In this blog post, we’ll delve into the ins and outs of citing book titles, exploring different citation styles, and providing practical tips to ensure your essays are not only well-written but also properly referenced.

Whether you’re navigating the nuances of MLA, APA, or Chicago style, we’ve got you covered with clear guidelines and examples to help you confidently write book titles in your next masterpiece.

Let’s get started!

Table Of Contents:

How to write book titles in essays, how to format book citations, writing various types of titles in essays, emphasizing book titles in essays, punctuating and capitalizing book titles, examples of writing book titles in essays, faqs – how to write a book title in an essay.

Writing book titles in essays can be tricky, especially with different style guides like MLA, APA, and Chicago. But don’t worry, I’ve got you covered with some tips and examples on how to quote a book title in your essay.

MLA Style Guide

In MLA style, book titles are italicized, both in the text of your paper and in the Works Cited list.

For example: Toni Morrison’s Beloved is a powerful novel about the lasting impact of slavery.

Similarly, in the style guide of the American Psychological Association, book titles should also be italicized in the text and the reference list.

For instance: In The Catcher in the Rye , Holden Caulfield grapples with the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Chicago Manual

In Chicago style, book titles are italicized in the text and the bibliography.

Like this: Michael Pollan explores the origins of our food in The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals .

Regardless of the style guide, there are some general formatting rules to keep in mind.

Titles of books should be underlined or italicized. Titles of stories, essays, and poems are placed in quotation marks.

Refer to the text specifically as a novel, story, essay, memoir, or poem, depending on what it is.

Capitalization Rules

Use capital letters to write the title of a novel.

For example, The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett.

Quotation Marks

Titles of stories, essays, and poems are placed in “quotation marks.” This helps differentiate them from longer works like novels or non-fiction books.

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s dive into some specifics for different types of titles you might encounter.

Journal Articles

If the book title is part of a larger work, like a journal article, it should be underlined instead of italicized.

Short Stories

Titles of short stories should be placed in quotation marks.

For example: “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson.

Chapter Titles

When referencing a chapter title, enclose it in quotation marks.

For instance: “The Boy Who Lived” from Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone .

Article Titles

Article titles, like those found in English-language newspapers or magazines, should also be placed in quotation marks.

For example: “Why We Crave Horror Movies” by Stephen King.

Newspaper Titles

Italicize the names of newspapers, like The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal .

The names of websites should generally be italicized, such as The Huffington Post or BuzzFeed .

Book Series

When referring to a book series as a whole, italicize the name of the series. Individual books within the series should also be italicized.

For example: the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling, which includes titles like Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets .

Sometimes you want to draw extra attention to a book title in your essay. Here’s how to do it effectively.

When to Italicize

As a general rule, italicize the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, television series, documentaries, or albums.

When to Use Quotation Marks

Shorter works like poems, articles, book chapters, songs, TV episodes, or other shorter works should be placed in quotation marks.

Exceptions to the Rules

As with any rule, there are exceptions. Some style guides prefer underlining to italics. Others may recommend using quotation marks around the title and italicizing or underlining the name of the newspaper or magazine it appears in.

When in doubt, always check with your instructor or the publication you’re writing for.

Punctuation and capitalization are key when it comes to book titles in essays. Get it wrong, and your writing won’t look as polished.

Using Question Marks

If a book title ends with a question mark or exclamation point, include it in the italics.

For example: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick

In general, capitalize the first word and all major words (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and some conjunctions).

Don’t capitalize articles, prepositions, or conjunctions unless they’re the first or last word.

Some style guides recommend capitalizing prepositions five letters or longer.

Title case is the most common form of title capitalization and is found in all four major title capitalization styles (AP, APA, MLA, and Chicago).

Capitalize the first word in the title, the last word in the title, and all “major” words in between.

Proper Nouns

Always capitalize proper nouns, such as the names of people, places, organizations, or other proper nouns in a book title.

For example: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix by J.K. Rowling.

Let’s look at some examples of how to write book titles in various situations.

Classic Literature

When referencing a classic work of literature, italicize the book’s title in the text of your paper.

In the Works Cited entry, include the author’s full name, the title of the book (in italics), the publisher, and the year of publication.

For example:

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice . Penguin Classics, 2002.

Contemporary Literature

For a contemporary work, follow the same format in the text of your essay.

In the Works Cited entry, include the author’s name, book title (in italics), publisher, year of publication, and medium of publication (print, web, etc.).

Here’s an example:

Whitehead, Colson. The Underground Railroad . Doubleday, 2016. Print.

Non-Fiction Works

When citing a non-fiction book, use the same format as you would for a fictional work. Italicize the book title in the text and the Works Cited entry. Include the author’s name, book title (in italics), publisher, year of publication, and medium of publication.

For instance:

Krakauer, Jon.  Into the Wild . Anchor Books, 1997. Print.

How do you write the title of a book in a sentence?

In sentences, capitalize the first word and proper nouns. If it’s central to your point, italicize it.

Is a book title italicized or in quotes?

Book titles are usually italicized. Quotes are for shorter works like articles or poems.

How do you write a book title in a handwritten essay?

If handwritten, underline book titles instead of using italics to highlight them.

So there you have it – your complete guide to how to write a book title in an essay. By following these simple rules for MLA, APA, and Chicago style, you’ll be able to format your book titles correctly every time.

Remember, the key is to be consistent and pay attention to the details. Whether you’re italicizing, underlining, or using quotation marks, make sure you’re applying the rules consistently throughout your essay.

Written by Julia McCoy

UNLOCK YOUR POTENTIAL

Long headline that highlights value proposition of lead magnet.

Grab a front row seat to our video masterclasses, interviews, case studies, tutorials, and guides.

Experience the power of RankWell®

Grow Your Traffic!

Let's crawl your website and get you some keyword suggestions for your next piece of content.

By continuing, you agree with our Terms and Conditions.

How to Write a Book Title in MLA Formatting

by Joe Bunting | 2 comments

You're writing a paper for school and suddenly you stop in the middle of the sentence. You have to write a book title, but you don't how to format it. How do you format a book title in MLA style? Good news: you're in the write place (sorry, I had to).

In this post, we'll talk about MLA style and formatting, whether it's appropriate for your project, and most importantly, how to write a book title in MLA style.

What Is MLA?

MLA stands for Modern Language Association, a society primarily based in the United States but with international standing, that has a mission to “strengthen the study and teaching of language and literature”. Founded in the late 1800s by an American novelist and professor, MLA publishes a set of resources used by students and teachers, including the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers .

The MLA handbook is one of the main style manuals for students and scholars in the world, especially for anyone studying literature, film, or theater.

Should You Format Based on MLA Style?

If you're writing a paper for a class in literature, theater, or film, absolutely use MLA style. Outside of that, it depends. Here are the most frequent style guides associated with various disciplines:

• Literature, Film, Theater:   MLA
• Psychology:   APA
• Science (Physics, Biology, Chemistry): CSE or APA
• Journalism:   AP
• Mathematics:   AMA
• Publishing:   Chicago

You can find a full list of international style guides here .

Now that you know if you should be using MLA style, how do you format a book title with it?

How to Format a Book Title in MLA Style: Example

In MLA style, book titles are italicized, as so:

Henry Thorough argues in Walden  that the best life is lived in deliberate simplicity so as to discover what life truly is about.

In fact, most style guides, including MLA and   Chicago style, require book titles to be italicized , not underlined.

If the book title has a subtitle, the subtitle should be italicized as well and separated by a colon to be formatted correctly for MLA style, as in:

Natural History of the Intellect: the last lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson

Should You Underline Book Titles in MLA Style?

If you are using MLA style, you should not underline book titles. Instead, italicize the titles.

However, AP style, the guide used by journalists, suggests putting titles in quotation marks, not italicization.

Still, I wouldn't recommend underlining a book's title. In fact, I couldn't find a single style guide that requires book titles to be underlined, but if you know of one that does, let me know in the comments!

Which style guide do you use most? MLA? Chicago? APA? AP? Or do you just write based on your own rules?!  Let me know in the comments .

Let's cement this formatting lesson in our minds by putting it to use right away with the following writing exercise .

What are your favorite books of all time? Write about what you love about them and why they are your favorites for fifteen minutes . Make sure to use the correct formatting for each title!

When your time is up, post your practice in the comments section . And if you post, please be sure to read a few practices by other writers and share your feedback with them.

Happy writing!

Joe Bunting

Joe Bunting is an author and the leader of The Write Practice community. He is also the author of the new book Crowdsourcing Paris , a real life adventure story set in France. It was a #1 New Release on Amazon. Follow him on Instagram (@jhbunting).

Want best-seller coaching? Book Joe here.

how do you format the title if you’re writing on paper and can’t italicize?

When writing by hand, you can underline book titles.

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Submit Comment

Join over 450,000 readers who are saying YES to practice. You’ll also get a free copy of our eBook 14 Prompts :

Popular Resources

Book Writing Tips & Guides Creativity & Inspiration Tips Writing Prompts Grammar & Vocab Resources Best Book Writing Software ProWritingAid Review Writing Teacher Resources Publisher Rocket Review Scrivener Review Gifts for Writers

Books By Our Writers

You've got it! Just us where to send your guide.

Enter your email to get our free 10-step guide to becoming a writer.

You've got it! Just us where to send your book.

Enter your first name and email to get our free book, 14 Prompts.

Most Popular

10 days ago

How To Write A Conclusion For A Research Paper

11 days ago

How To Start A Scholarship Essay

How to focus on homework, how to write a rhetorical analysis essay, how to write a book title in an essay.

Imagine this: you’re sitting in your dorm room, working on an essay that’s due tomorrow. You’re on a roll, your ideas are flowing, and then you hit a roadblock—how exactly should you format the title of the book you’re discussing? Should it be in italics, quotation marks, or something else? This small detail can be surprisingly tricky, but it’s important to get it right. Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered. In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about how to introduce a book in an essay, so you can focus on making your paper shine.

General Rules on How to Write a Book Title in an Essay

Writing a book title in an essay might seem straightforward, but there are specific rules to follow to ensure your formatting is polished and professional. Across different citation styles, the general consensus is to italicize the titles of self-contained works like books, novels and plays. 

Example: To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare

When dealing with smaller sections within a larger work, such as chapters or individual poems, use quotation marks. 

Example: I am referring to “The Forbidden Forest” from Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone by J.K. Rowling. 

It’s also important to maintain consistent capitalization. Titles should follow title case capitalization, meaning major words are capitalized. 

Example: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald 

When incorporating book titles into essay titles or larger headings, consistency is key. If your essay title includes a book title, make sure it is italicized or enclosed in quotation marks as required by your style guide. 

Example: The Detailed Analysis of the Symbolism Behind Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’  

Different style guides have their preferences: MLA and Chicago suggest italics, while APA style uses quotation marks. So, if you’re following APA guidelines, you’d write “The Great Gatsby,” but in MLA or Chicago, it would be The Great Gatsby . Always check the specific requirements of your assignment to get it right. 

How to Write Book Titles in Essays in Different Formatting Styles

There are a lot of rules to properly writing a book title into an essay. However, what you first need to understand is which formatting style your text be following. Because this will be the main determining factor for the specific guidelines you will have to follow. Each style—be it APA, MLA, Chicago, AMA, or CSE—has its unique conventions for presenting book titles. 

In APA style, book titles are italicized and Major Words are Capitalized, making it clear and prominent in your text. MLA style also uses italics for book titles, emphasizing capitalization of the First and Last words and all major words. Chicago style traditionally italicizes book titl es , maintaining similar capitalization rules to APA and MLA.

In AMA and CSE styles, the approach shifts slightly. AMA requires italics but only capitalizes the First word and proper nouns in the title. CSE also uses italics and similar capitalization, highlighting the first word and proper nouns. 

Here’s a quick reference table to summarize these rules:

Whether you’re writing a research paper, a literary analysis, or a simple essay, proper formatting of book titles will help reflect your attention to detail and understanding of scholarly requirements.

Examples of How to Put a Book Title in an Essay

We know that it is hard to visualize all these rules when you just read them. So, below you can see examples of how the formatting of book titles can be used in various texts.

In APA style, you might write: In 1984, George Orwell explores the dangers of totalitarianism. The novel’s portrayal of a dystopian society under constant surveillance has resonated with readers for decades. Orwell’s work highlights the importance of individual freedom and the risks of unchecked governmental power.

If you’re using MLA style, you would write: Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice examines the complexities of love and social status. Throughout the novel, Austen critiques the societal norms of her time, particularly those concerning marriage and class distinctions. The characters’ development and interactions provide a rich commentary on the human condition.

In Chicago style, you would format the paragraph as: J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit is a beloved fantasy novel that has captivated readers for generations. The story follows Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit who embarks on an unexpected journey. Tolkien’s world-building and character development have set the standard for fantasy literature.

For AMA style, the paragraph might read: The Catcher in the rye by J.D. Salinger is a staple in American literature. Salinger’s portrayal of adolescent angst and rebellion through the character of Holden Caulfield has struck a chord with readers. The novel delves into themes of identity, belonging, and alienation.

Lastly, in CSE style, you could write : Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One hundred years of solitude illustrates the magical realism genre. The novel tells the multi-generational story of the Buendia family in the fictional town of Macondo. Marquez blends fantastical elements with real-life events to create a unique narrative style.

Why Would You Need to Include Book Titles in Essays

Including book titles in your essays might be necessary for several reasons. Firstly, it shows that you’ve engaged with relevant literature, lending credibility to your arguments and demonstrating your knowledge of the subject. Whether you’re analyzing a specific text or drawing comparisons between different works, mentioning the book titles helps to ground your discussion in concrete examples. It also allows your readers to easily identify the sources you’re referencing, which is needed for anyone who might want to explore the texts further. Plus, it adds depth to your writing by highlighting key works that contribute to your topic, making your essay more informative and engaging. So, next time you’re writing, don’t hesitate to include those book titles – it’s a small detail that makes a big difference!

How do you write a sentence with a book title in it?

When you’re writing a sentence that includes a book title, make sure to italicize the title to set it apart from the rest of the text. For example, you might write, “I just finished reading To Kill a Mockingbird and it was fantastic!” This way, the title stands out and is easy to spot.

How do you come up with a title for a book essay?

Coming up with a title for a book essay can be fun! Think about the main theme or argument of your essay and try to capture that in a few words. You can also include the title of the book you’re discussing to make it clear what your essay is about. A good title is engaging and gives a hint about your essay’s focus.

Do you italicize book titles in essays?

Yes, you should italicize book titles in essays. Italicizing helps to differentiate the book title from the rest of your text, making it clear that you’re referring to a published work. So, whenever you mention a book title, like Pride and Prejudice , make sure it’s typed in italics.

How do you write a book title in AP style?

In AP style, you should use quotation marks around book titles instead of italics. For example, you would write, “I just read ‘The Great Gatsby’ for my literature class.” This is a bit different from other styles, so keep it in mind if you’re following AP guidelines.

Do I put quotations around a book title?

It depends on the style you’re using. In most academic writing styles, like MLA or APA, you italicize book titles. However, in AP style, you use quotation marks. So, for a sentence in AP style, you’d write, “She loves ‘Moby Dick’.” Otherwise, stick to italics.

Do you put commas before and after book titles?

You generally don’t need to put commas before and after book titles unless the grammar of your sentence requires it. For example, in the sentence, “Her favorite book, The Catcher in the Rye , has been on my reading list for years,” the commas are there to set off the non-essential phrase “her favorite book,” not specifically because of the book title. The same rule applies whether you’re using italics or quotation marks.

Follow us on Reddit for more insights and updates.

Comments (0)

Welcome to A*Help comments!

We’re all about debate and discussion at A*Help.

We value the diverse opinions of users, so you may find points of view that you don’t agree with. And that’s cool. However, there are certain things we’re not OK with: attempts to manipulate our data in any way, for example, or the posting of discriminative, offensive, hateful, or disparaging material.

Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

More from How to Write an Academic Assignment

Remember Me

Is English your native language ? Yes No

What is your profession ? Student Teacher Writer Other

Forgotten Password?

Username or Email

Frequently asked questions

How do you write a book title in mla.

In MLA style , book titles appear in italics, with all major words capitalized. If there is a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon and a space (even if no colon appears in the source). For example:

The format is the same in the Works Cited list and in the text itself. However, when you mention the book title in the text, you don’t have to include the subtitle.

The title of a part of a book—such as a chapter, or a short story or poem in a collection—is not italicized, but instead placed in quotation marks.

Frequently asked questions: MLA Style

In MLA style , footnotes or endnotes can be used to provide additional information that would interrupt the flow of your text.

This can be further examples or developments of ideas you only briefly discuss in the text. You can also use notes to provide additional sources or explain your citation practice.

You don’t have to use any notes at all; only use them to provide relevant information that complements your arguments or helps the reader to understand them.

No, you should use parenthetical MLA in-text citations to cite sources. Footnotes or endnotes can be used to add extra information that doesn’t fit into your main text, but they’re not needed for citations.

If you need to cite a lot of sources at the same point in the text, though, placing these citations in a note can be a good way to avoid cluttering your text.

According to MLA format guidelines, the Works Cited page(s) should look like this:

• Running head containing your surname and the page number.
• The title, Works Cited, centered and in plain text.
• List of sources alphabetized by the author’s surname.
• Left-aligned.
• Double-spaced.
• 1-inch margins.
• Hanging indent applied to all entries.

The MLA Works Cited lists every source that you cited in your paper. Each entry contains the author , title , and publication details of the source.

No, in an MLA annotated bibliography , you can write short phrases instead of full sentences to keep your annotations concise. You can still choose to use full sentences instead, though.

Use full sentences in your annotations if your instructor requires you to, and always use full sentences in the main text of your paper .

If you’re working on a group project and therefore need to list multiple authors for your paper , MLA recommends against including a normal header . Instead, create a separate title page .

On the title page, list each author on a separate line, followed by the other usual information from the header: Instructor, course name and number, and submission date. Then write the title halfway down the page, centered, and start the text of the paper itself on the next page.

Usually, no title page is needed in an MLA paper . A header is generally included at the top of the first page instead. The exceptions are when:

• Your instructor requires one, or
• Your paper is a group project

In those cases, you should use a title page instead of a header, listing the same information but on a separate page.

When an online source (e.g. web page , blog post) doesn’t list a publication date , you should instead list an access date .

Unlike a publication date, this appears at the end of your MLA Works Cited entry, after the URL, e.g. “A Complete Guide to MLA Style.” Scribbr , www.scribbr.com/category/mla/. Accessed 28 Mar. 2021 .

For offline sources with no publication date shown, don’t use an access date—just leave out the date.

The level of detail you provide in a publication date in your Works Cited list depends on the type of source and the information available. Generally, follow the lead of the source—if it gives the full date, give the full date; if it gives just the year, so should you.

Books usually list the year, whereas web pages tend to give a full date. For journal articles , give the year, month and year, or season and year, depending on what information is available. Check our citation examples if you’re unsure about a particular source type.

In an MLA Works Cited list , the names of months with five or more letters are abbreviated to the first three letters, followed by a period. For example, abbreviate Feb., Mar., Apr., but not June, July.

In the main text, month names should never be abbreviated.

In your MLA Works Cited list , dates are always written in day-month-year order, with the month abbreviated if it’s five or more letters long, e.g. 5 Mar. 2018.

In the main text, you’re free to use either day-month-year or month-day-year order, as long as you use one or the other consistently. Don’t abbreviate months in the main text, and use numerals for dates, e.g. 5 March 2018 or March 5, 2018.

In most standard dictionaries , no author is given for either the overall dictionary or the individual entries, so no author should be listed in your MLA citations.

Instead, start your Works Cited entry and your MLA in-text citation with the title of the entry you’re citing (i.e. the word that’s being defined), in quotation marks.

If you cite a specialist dictionary that does list an author and/or overall editor, these should be listed in the same way as they would for other citations of books or book chapters .

Some source types, such as books and journal articles , may contain footnotes (or endnotes) with additional information. The following rules apply when citing information from a note in an MLA in-text citation :

• To cite information from a single numbered note, write “n” after the page number, and then write the note number, e.g. (Smith 105n2)
• To cite information from multiple numbered notes, write “nn” and include a range, e.g. (Smith 77nn1–2)
• To cite information from an unnumbered note, write “un” after the page number, with a space in between, e.g. (Jones 250 un)

If you cite multiple Shakespeare plays throughout your paper, the MLA in-text citation begins with an abbreviated version of the title (as shown here ), e.g. ( Oth. 1.2.4). Each play should have its own  Works Cited entry (even if they all come from the same collection).

If you cite only one Shakespeare play in your paper, you should include a Works Cited entry for that play, and your in-text citations should start with the author’s name , e.g. (Shakespeare 1.1.4).

No, do not use page numbers in your MLA in-text citations of Shakespeare plays . Instead, specify the act, scene, and line numbers of the quoted material, separated by periods, e.g. (Shakespeare 3.2.20–25).

This makes it easier for the reader to find the relevant passage in any edition of the text.

When an article (e.g. in a newspaper ) appears on non-consecutive pages (e.g. starting on page 1 and continuing on page 6), you should use “pp.” in your Works Cited entry, since it’s on multiple pages, but MLA recommends just listing the first page followed by a plus sign, e.g. pp. 1+.

In an MLA style Works Cited entry for a newspaper , you can cite a local newspaper in the same way as you would a national one, except that you may have to add the name of the city in square brackets to clarify what newspaper you mean, e.g. The Gazette [Montreal].

Do not add the city name in brackets if it’s already part of the newspaper’s name, e.g. Dallas Observer .

MLA doesn’t require you to list an author for a TV show . If your citation doesn’t focus on a particular contributor, just start your Works Cited entry with the title of the episode or series, and use this (shortened if necessary) in your MLA in-text citation .

If you focus on a particular contributor (e.g. the writer or director, a particular actor), you can list them in the author position , along with a label identifying their role.

It’s standard to list the podcast’s host in the author position , accompanied by the label “host,” in an MLA Works Cited entry. It’s sometimes more appropriate to use the label “narrator,” when the podcast just tells a story without any guests.

If your citation of the podcast focuses more on the contribution of someone else (e.g. a guest, the producer), they can be listed in the author position instead, with an appropriate label.

MLA recommends citing the original source wherever possible, rather than the source in which it is quoted or reproduced.

If this isn’t possible, cite the secondary source and use “qtd. in” (quoted in) in your MLA in-text citation . For example: (qtd. in Smith 233)

If a source is reproduced in full within another source (e.g. an image within a PowerPoint  or a poem in an article ), give details of the original source first, then include details of the secondary source as a container. For example:

When you want to cite a PowerPoint or lecture notes from a lecture you viewed in person in MLA , check whether they can also be accessed online ; if so, this is the best version to cite, as it allows the reader to access the source.

If the material is not available online, use the details of where and when the presentation took place.

In an MLA song citation , you need to give some sort of container to indicate how you accessed the song. If this is a physical or downloaded album, the Works Cited entry should list the album name, distributor, year, and format.

However, if you listened to the song on a streaming service, you can just list the site as a container, including a URL. In this case, including the album details is optional; you may add this information if it is relevant to your discussion or if it will help the reader access the song.

When citing a song in MLA style , the author is usually the main artist or group that released the song.

However, if your discussion focuses on the contributions of a specific performer, e.g. a guitarist or singer, you may list them as author, even if they are not the main artist. If you’re discussing the lyrics or composition, you may cite the songwriter or composer rather than a performer.

When a source has no title , this part of your MLA reference is replaced with a description of the source, in plain text (no italics or quotation marks, sentence-case capitalization).

Whenever you refer to an image created by someone else in your text, you should include a citation leading the reader to the image you’re discussing.

If you include the image directly in your text as a figure , the details of the source appear in the figure’s caption. If you don’t, just include an MLA in-text citation wherever you mention the image, and an entry in the Works Cited list giving full details.

In MLA Style , you should cite a specific chapter or work within a book in two situations:

• When each of the book’s chapters is written by a different author.
• When the book is a collection of self-contained works (such as poems , plays , or short stories ), even if they are all written by the same author.

If you cite multiple chapters or works from the same book, include a separate Works Cited entry for each chapter.

If a source has no author, start the MLA Works Cited entry with the source title . Use a shortened version of the title in your MLA in-text citation .

If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator (e.g. a chapter number, or a timestamp for a video or audio source) to identify the relevant passage in your in-text citation. If the source has no numbered divisions, cite only the author’s name (or the title).

If you already named the author or title in your sentence, and there is no locator available, you don’t need a parenthetical citation:

• Rajaram  argues that representations of migration are shaped by “cultural, political, and ideological interests.”
• The homepage of The Correspondent describes it as “a movement for radically different news.”

If a source has two authors, name both authors in your MLA in-text citation and Works Cited entry. If there are three or more authors, name only the first author, followed by et al.

You must include an MLA in-text citation every time you quote or paraphrase from a source (e.g. a book , movie , website , or article ).

MLA Style  is the second most used citation style (after APA ). It is mainly used by students and researchers in humanities fields such as literature, languages, and philosophy.

If information about your source is not available, you can either leave it out of the MLA citation or replace it with something else, depending on the type of information.

• No author : Start with the source title.
• No title : Provide a description of the source.
• No date : Provide an access date for online sources; omit for other sources.

A standard MLA Works Cited entry  is structured as follows:

Only include information that is available for and relevant to your source.

Yes. MLA style uses title case, which means that all principal words (nouns, pronouns , verbs, adjectives , adverbs , and some conjunctions ) are capitalized.

This applies to titles of sources as well as the title of, and subheadings in, your paper. Use MLA capitalization style even when the original source title uses different capitalization .

The title of an article is not italicized in MLA style , but placed in quotation marks. This applies to articles from journals , newspapers , websites , or any other publication. Use italics for the title of the source where the article was published. For example:

Use the same formatting in the Works Cited entry and when referring to the article in the text itself.

In MLA style citations , format a DOI as a link, including “https://doi.org/” at the start and then the unique numerical code of the article.

DOIs are used mainly when citing journal articles in MLA .

The MLA Handbook is currently in its 9th edition , published in 2021.

This quick guide to MLA style  explains the latest guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers according to MLA.

The fastest and most accurate way to create MLA citations is by using Scribbr’s MLA Citation Generator .

Search by book title, page URL, or journal DOI to automatically generate flawless citations, or cite manually using the simple citation forms.

MLA recommends using 12-point Times New Roman , since it’s easy to read and installed on every computer. Other standard fonts such as Arial or Georgia are also acceptable. If in doubt, check with your supervisor which font you should be using.

To create a correctly formatted block quote in Microsoft Word, follow these steps:

• Hit Enter at the beginning and end of the quote.
• Highlight the quote and select the Layout menu.
• On the Indent tab, change the left indent to 0.5″.

Do not put quotation marks around the quote, and make sure to include an MLA in-text citation after the period at the end.

To format a block quote in MLA:

• Introduce the quote with a colon and set it on a new line.
• Indent the whole quote 0.5 inches from the left margin.
• Place the MLA in-text citation after the period at the end of the block quote.

Then continue your text on a new line (not indented).

In MLA style , if you quote more than four lines from a source, use MLA block quote formatting .

If you are quoting poetry , use block quote formatting for any quote longer than three lines.

An MLA in-text citation should always include the author’s last name, either in the introductory text or in parentheses after a quote .

If line numbers or page numbers are included in the original source, add these to the citation.

If you are discussing multiple poems by the same author, make sure to also mention the title of the poem (shortened if necessary). The title goes in quotation marks .

In the list of Works Cited , start with the poet’s name and the poem’s title in quotation marks. The rest of the citation depends on where the poem was published.

If you read the poem in a book or anthology, follow the format of an MLA book chapter citation . If you accessed the poem online, follow the format of an MLA website citation .

Only use line numbers in an MLA in-text citation if the lines are numbered in the original source. If so, write “lines” in the first citation of the poem , and only the numbers in subsequent citations.

If there are no line numbers in the source, you can use page numbers instead. If the poem appears on only one page of a book (or on a website ), don’t include a number in the citation.

To quote poetry in MLA style , introduce the quote and use quotation marks as you would for any other source quotation .

If the quote includes line breaks, mark these using a forward slash with a space on either side. Use two slashes to indicate a stanza break.

If the quote is longer than three lines, set them off from the main text as an MLA block quote . Reproduce the line breaks, punctuation, and formatting of the original.

Ask our team

Want to contact us directly? No problem.  We  are always here for you.

• Email [email protected]
• Start live chat
• Call +1 (510) 822-8066
• WhatsApp +31 20 261 6040

Our team helps students graduate by offering:

• A world-class citation generator
• Plagiarism Checker software powered by Turnitin
• Innovative Citation Checker software
• Professional proofreading services
• Over 300 helpful articles about academic writing, citing sources, plagiarism, and more

Scribbr specializes in editing study-related documents . We proofread:

• PhD dissertations
• Research proposals
• Personal statements
• Admission essays
• Motivation letters
• Reflection papers
• Journal articles
• Capstone projects

Scribbr’s Plagiarism Checker is powered by elements of Turnitin’s Similarity Checker , namely the plagiarism detection software and the Internet Archive and Premium Scholarly Publications content databases .

The add-on AI detector is powered by Scribbr’s proprietary software.

The Scribbr Citation Generator is developed using the open-source Citation Style Language (CSL) project and Frank Bennett’s citeproc-js . It’s the same technology used by dozens of other popular citation tools, including Mendeley and Zotero.

You can find all the citation styles and locales used in the Scribbr Citation Generator in our publicly accessible repository on Github .

📚 Mastering the Art of Writing a Book Title in an Essay

Mastering the art of writing a book title in an essay.

Why is Book Title Formatting Important?

Understanding the rules, common mistakes to avoid, additional resources.

Should You Indent When Starting a New Paragraph in MLA Format?

Share superior formatting, people also asked.

How should you format an essay that includes a title and a subtitle?

How do you write a title in MLA format?

How do you cite the title of a book in an essay?

How should you represent a book title in a handwritten essay?

Is it appropriate to italicize a book title in a paper?

Should a book title be underlined or italicized when writing an essay?

Is it necessary to italicize book titles every time they are mentioned in an essay?

How should a book title be written in a personal note?

Superior formatting articles.

The Power of a Strong Title: How to Write a Book Title in an Essay

Unlocking Creativity: How to Write a Book Title in an Essay for Maximum Engagement

Login to superior formatting.

How to Write A BOOK Title In An Essay

Writing a book title in an essay can be confusing. But it is necessary for the credibility and clarity of the write-up. Plus, each writing style has its own rules for formatting titles. Hence, doing such an activity could be a real pain for the students.

Don’t worry, as you are in the right place! Since this interesting article focuses on guiding you about how to write a book title in an essay accurately. So, read it thoroughly before you search for a professional  paper writing services  provider.

Table of Contents

Understanding Formatting Guidelines

The first step in learning how to write book name in essay is to learn the basics. It means you need to get comfortable with different formatting guidelines. Let’s begin with the style guides.

Different style guides

When writing essays for college , it’s important to know the rules for formatting book titles. The three most popular style guides are MLA, APA, and Chicago.

In  MLA format , you should usually italicize book titles. You can also put them in quotation marks when a type of work demands.

For example, a book title like “To Kill a Mockingbird” would be italicized:  To Kill a Mockingbird .

However, a chapter title within a book would be placed within quotation marks. For example, “The Ewell Family.”

In  APA style , the first word of book titles is capital.

For example, a book title like “The Catcher in the Rye” would be written as The catcher in the rye

Chicago Style

Chicago style demands a book title to be in italics or quotation marks. It is very similar to the MLA style. But Chicago style gives you a bit more leeway to use italics or quotation marks. It’s best to stay consistent with what you pick throughout your essay when using the Chicago style.

Consistency within the Essay

You must be consistent when including the title of a book in an essay. Figure out what style guide you must follow and ensure you stick with it. That means all the book titles you mention should look the same.

For example, if you choose to italicize book titles according to MLA style. Ensure that all book titles in your essay are italicized consistently. Avoid mixing italicization with quotation marks or using different formatting styles within the same essay.

Inconsistency in formatting can confuse readers and undermine the professionalism of your work. Paying attention to detail and maintaining consistency will contribute to your essay’s overall clarity and readability.

Determine the Appropriate Style Guide to Follow

To determine the appropriate style guide to follow for formatting book titles in your essay, consider the following:

Assignment Requirements

See if your teacher or the instructions for the assignment mention a certain style to go by. Stick to that, if they do, to ensure everything is consistent, and you meet the expectations.

Academic Discipline

Your field of study can affect which style guide you should use. For example, humanities and literature students usually use MLA style, while social sciences usually use APA style. It’s important to know what’s typical in your discipline to choose the right guide.

Formatting Book Titles in MLA Style

Humanities and liberal arts disciplines use MLA writing rules. In MLA style, book titles are usually in italics like in APA style. But there can be variations in capitalization and punctuation. Let’s explore each aspect in detail with examples:

In MLA style, book titles are put in italics to make them stand out from the rest of the text.

Titles of shorter works, such as articles or chapters, are enclosed in quotation marks.

Example 1: Italicized Book Title

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby .

Example 2: Book Chapter (In Quotation Marks)

Smith, John. “The Art of Persuasion.” Essays on Rhetoric.

Capitalization

In MLA style, follows the title case. It means keep the first letter of each word capital. Capitalize articles, conjunctions, and prepositions only if they are the first or last words in title.

Example 3: Correct Capitalization

Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird.

Punctuation

In MLA style, there should be no special punctuation like colons or periods between the main title and any subtitles. However, if the book’s title includes a subtitle, a colon should separate it from the main title.

Example 4: Book Title with Subtitle

Gladwell, Malcolm. Outliers: The Story of Success.

Edition and Volume Numbers

To refer to a certain book edition, add the edition number after the book title. If the book is part of a multi-volume work, indicate the volume number after the title as well.

Example 5: Edition and Volume Numbers

Johnson, Mary. Chemistry in Focus. 2nd ed.

Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations. Vol. 1.

Translated Titles

If the book you are citing is translated from another language, include the original title and the translator’s name in the citation.

Example 6: Translated Title

Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Translated by David Wyllie.

It’s important to remember that MLA style is always changing and being updated. So always refer to the latest edition of the MLA Handbook or your institution’s writing guidelines.

Formatting Book Titles in APA Style

Usually the social sciences disciplines use APA (American Psychological Association) style. Let’s look at how you must consider capitalization, punctuation and italics in this writing style.

Just capitalize the first word of any subtitles and proper nouns.

All other words, such as articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions (in, on, at), are in lowercase.

Example 1: 

“The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business”

In APA style, book titles are italicized to distinguish them from the rest of the text.

Do not italicize titles of shorter works, such as articles or chapters. Just enclose them in quotation marks.

Example 2: Italics

Here’s an example of an italicized book title:

The Catcher in the Rye

In APA style, there should be a colon (:) between the main title and any subtitle.

When citing a book title within the text of your paper, use title case and italicize it.

When including book titles in your reference list, use sentence case and italicize it.

Example 3: Punctuation

Here’s an example of proper punctuation and citation within the text and reference list:

In-text citation

According to Smith (2019),  The Theory of Everything  provides an in-depth analysis of astrophysics.

Reference list citation

Smith, J. (2019).  the theory of everything . Publisher.

Include the edition number in parentheses right after the book title when a book has a specific edition.

If a book is part of a multi-volume work, you can also indicate the volume number after the title.

Example 4: Parenthesis

Here are examples of how to format book titles with edition and volume numbers:

Edition Number

Johnson, M. (2022). Chemistry in Focus (2nd ed.).

Volume Number

Smith, A. (2021). History of the United States (Vol. 3).

Include the translator’s name in square brackets if you cite a translated book. 

Example 5: Translated Thesis 

Here’s an example of how to format a translated book title:

Kundera, M. (1984). The Unbearable Lightness of Being [Original title: Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí].

Translated by M. Henry.

Formatting Book Titles in Chicago Style

The Chicago Manual of Style is mostly used in the humanities and social sciences disciplines. Chicago style follows two systems, namely Author-Date System and the notes and bibliography system. Let’s explore both of them.

Author-Date System

In the author-date system, you include:

• In-text citations with the author’s last name
• The publication year
• A corresponding entry in the reference list

Italicization

In the author-date system, book titles are italicized. It makes them Distinguish from other elements in the citation.

Chicago style uses a title case for book titles in the author-date system. It means the first letter of the title, subtitles, and any major words are capitalized.

There should be a period at the end of the full book citation in the reference list.

Example 1: In-Text Citation

Example 2: Reference List Citation

Smith, John. 2019.  The Theory of Everything . Publisher.

Notes and Bibliography System

You use footnotes or endnotes in the notes and bibliography system for in-text citations and a bibliography for the full list of references.

Similar to the author-date system, book titles are italicized in the notes and bibliography system.

In the notes and bibliography system, the Chicago style uses headline-style capitalization for book titles. It means that the first letter of the first and last words of the title are capitalized.

Put a period at the end of each full bibliographic entry in the notes and bibliography system.

Example 3: Footnote/Endnote Citation

John Smith,  The Theory of Everything  (Publisher, 2019), 25.

Example 4: Bibliography Citation

Smith, John.  The Theory of Everything . Publisher, 2019.

You may include the edition number after the title, and for multi-volume works, the volume number after the title.

Example 5: Edition Number

Johnson, Mary.  Chemistry in Focus . 2nd ed.

Example 6: Volume Number

Smith, Adam.  The Wealth of Nations . Vol. 1.

For translated works, include the original title and the translator’s name in the citation.

Example 7: Translated Title

Kafka, Franz.  The Metamorphosis . Translated by David Wyllie.

Citation of Book Titles in Other Situations

Let’s highlight some unusual circumstances of including a title of book in essay. Starting with:

Book titles within quotations

If you’re citing a direct quote from a book in your essay, you may need to put the book title in quotes. Generally, you should use double quotation marks for this.

For example:

According to Mark Twain, “The secret of getting ahead is getting started.”

In the novel 1984, George Orwell explores the theme of government surveillance through the famous line, “Big Brother is watching you.”

By using double quotation marks, you indicate that the words within the quotation marks are taken directly from the book.

Book Titles in Footnotes or Endnotes

In academic writing, footnotes or endnotes can be added to give extra info or credits. When including book titles, how you format them depends on the citation style you’re using.

In Chicago Style, book titles in footnotes or endnotes should usually be italicized or in quotation marks.

For Example:

Jane Austen,  Pride and Prejudice  (New York: Penguin Classics, 2002), 45.

Harper Lee,  To Kill a Mockingbird , (New York: Harper Perennial, 2006), 77.

Handling Foreign language book titles

Follow these rules for citing a book in a foreign language. You should keep the original language title, especially if it’s a popular work.

Italicize the foreign language book title following the same guidelines as you would for an English book title. Include a translation in parentheses if necessary.

Use the original foreign language title in sentence case without italics or quotation marks. Include a translation in brackets if needed.

Italicize or use quotation marks for foreign language book titles, following the same guidelines as you would for an English book title. Include a translation if required.

Special Cases

In certain situations, you might need to format book titles differently. Like if you’re talking about a poem or play. These types of works have their own rules for formatting titles. Let’s get to know them briefly. 

Typically, you’d put poem titles in quotation marks and longer pieces of poetry, like epics, in italics. It’s worth checking the style guide you’re using, though, since the rules can vary.

You’ll usually see the title written in italics when it comes to plays. The names of characters or speakers within the play are usually written with a mix of upper- and lowercase letters, without quotation marks.

Best Practices for Including Book Titles in Essays

Double-check formatting guidelines.

It’s super important to double-check the formatting rules for book titles when writing an essay since each style guide has its own rules. You need to make sure you’re following them properly.

Proofreading for Accuracy and Consistency

Look out for mistakes in how you’ve done the capitals, italics, and quotes. Double-check any extra rules that might apply to foreign language books, poems, plays, and other special cases.

Seek Assistance from Style Guides or Writing Resources

It’s a good idea to get help from style guides or writing tools when you are stuck with citations. You can also buy cheap essay from a well-reputed writing services provider.

It’s super important to get book titles in essays right. Not just for clarity but also to show you’re a pro. Ensure that you stick to the accurate style guide. It could be MLA, APA, or Chicago. Plus, there are special rules for poems and more.

Furthermore, if you need a professional to help you out with citations, do count on the expertise of  our writers . They are always available to get you out of your troubles of how to write book titles in essays.

Do I need to include book titles in my essay?

How do i format book titles in mla style, should i italicize or use quotation marks for book titles in apa style.

Order Original Papers & Essays

Your First Custom Paper Sample is on Us!

Timely Deliveries

No Plagiarism & AI

100% Refund

Try Our Free Paper Writing Service

Related blogs.

Connections with Writers and support

Privacy and Confidentiality Guarantee

Average Quality Score

When Writing the Title of a Book in an Essay: Best Practices

My name is Debbie, and I am passionate about developing a love for the written word and planting a seed that will grow into a powerful voice that can inspire many.

Title Capitalization and Formatting: How to Get it Right in Your Essay

Understanding the purpose: why book titles matter in essays, choosing the appropriate writing style: italics vs. quotation marks, the art of punctuation: using colons and commas in book titles, citing a title within a title: navigating complexities with ease, maintaining consistency: applying capitalization rules in different citation styles, when to abbreviate and when to spell out: handling long book titles, attention to detail: ensuring accuracy in book title references, frequently asked questions, concluding remarks.

When it comes to writing essays, it’s crucial to pay attention to the proper capitalization and formatting of your title. Understanding these guidelines can greatly enhance the quality and readability of your work. Here are some tips to help you get it right:

1. Capitalize the First and Last Words: In your title, capitalize the first and last word, as well as all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. It’s important to note that articles, conjunctions, and prepositions should only be capitalized if they are the first or last word in the title.

2. Follow Title Case Style: Title case is the recommended style for capitalizing titles. In this style, capitalize all major words, including the ones mentioned earlier, while leaving minor words (such as articles, conjunctions, and prepositions) lowercase. Examples of major words include “How,” “Get,” and “Right,” while minor words include “to,” “and,” and “in.”

3. Use Proper Formatting: Ensure that your essay title is properly formatted. Begin by placing your title in the center of the page, and if required, use bold or larger font size. Italicize titles of longer works, such as books or movies, within your essay title to distinguish them.

4. Be Consistent: Maintain consistency in capitalization and formatting throughout your essay. Stick to the chosen style and apply it diligently to all titles within your work. This creates a professional and coherent presentation of your ideas.

By adhering to these title capitalization and formatting guidelines, your essay will not only look polished and well-structured, but also demonstrate your attention to detail. Remember, first impressions matter, and a properly formatted title can captivate your readers, setting the tone for an engaging and well-crafted essay.

Choosing the right book title for your essay may seem like a trivial matter, but it is actually an essential component of your writing. The title serves as a gateway to your content, capturing the reader’s attention and setting the tone for the entire piece. Furthermore, a well-crafted book title can provide valuable insights into the main theme or argument of your essay. Here’s why book titles matter and how they can enhance your writing:

• Attracting readers: A captivating book title immediately grabs the reader’s interest and entices them to explore your essay further. It creates a sense of intrigue and curiosity that encourages potential readers to click on your work or delve deeper into the content.
• Summarizing the content: A book title acts as a concise summary of your essay, allowing readers to quickly grasp the main idea or subject matter. By carefully selecting a title that effectively conveys your message, you provide a glimpse into the content’s focus and make it easier for readers to decide if it aligns with their interests or needs.
• Setting the tone: The title of your essay can establish the overall tone or mood you want to convey. Whether it’s thought-provoking, humorous, or solemn, a well-considered book title can instantly create the desired atmosphere, giving readers a sense of what to expect from your writing.

In conclusion, the power of a book title should not be underestimated when it comes to crafting impactful essays. By choosing a title that captures attention, summarizes the content, and sets the tone, you can effectively guide readers towards engaging with your work. Remember, a compelling book title is not just an afterthought but an essential element of your essay that contributes to its overall effectiveness.

When it comes to choosing the right writing style for your text, understanding the differences between italics and quotation marks is crucial. Both formatting options serve distinct purposes and can greatly enhance the clarity and impact of your writing.

Italics, indicated by the tag, are commonly used to emphasize words or phrases within a sentence. By slanting the text, italics draw attention to specific terms, providing emphasis and adding a level of importance. For example, when discussing a foreign word or phrase, italics can help indicate that it is not a native term and should be approached accordingly. Additionally, italics are commonly used for titles of larger works, such as books, albums, or movies, as well as to highlight scientific names or terms. They give your writing a cohesive and polished appearance, making it easier for readers to identify and comprehend important information.

On the other hand, quotation marks, marked by the tag, serve a different purpose. They primarily indicate direct quotes or dialogue within a text. By enclosing a word, phrase, or sentence within quotation marks, you separate it from the rest of the text, signifying that it is being borrowed or spoken by someone else. Quotation marks are essential for creating clear attribution and avoiding plagiarism. Moreover, they are useful for highlighting the titles of shorter works, like articles, poems, or individual song tracks , helping readers recognize these distinct elements within your writing. The correct use of quotation marks can effectively convey meaning and prevent misunderstandings when reading a text.

Colons and commas are two essential punctuation marks that can add depth and clarity to book titles. Whether you’re a writer or an avid reader, understanding how to use these punctuation marks effectively can significantly enhance the impact of a book’s title. Let’s dive into the art of punctuation and explore the different ways colons and commas can be employed to create captivating titles.

Using Colons: 1. Separating the Main Title from a Subtitle: Colons are often used to distinguish the primary title of a book from its subtitle. This allows authors to convey additional information or provide a hint about the book’s content. For example, “The Journey Within: Unleashing Your True Potential” or “Dreams of Eternity: Exploring the Unknown Realm.” 2. Introducing Lists or Concepts: Colons can also be used to introduce a list or present a series of ideas within a book title. This technique adds an element of intrigue and suggests that the book covers various topics. For instance, “The Elements of Style: Grammar, Rhetoric, and Composition” or “The Art of Simplicity: Declutter your Life, Nurture your Mind, Cultivate Happiness.”

Using Commas: 1. Combining Multiple Authors’ Names: Commas are frequently used to separate the names of multiple authors when co-authoring a book. This punctuation helps to give equal importance to each contributor. For example, “The Sherlock Holmes Adventures: Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Illustrated by Sidney Paget.” 2. Creating a Sense of Pause: Commas can also be used to create a sense of rhythm or pause within a book title, allowing readers to catch their breath and absorb each component separately. For instance, “Whisper in the Wind, Cry in the Darkness: A Haunting Tale of Love and Loss” or “The Power Within, A Journey of Self-Discovery.”

In the world of writing, it is not uncommon to come across the need to cite a title within a title. However, this seemingly simple task can often present complexities that leave writers scratching their heads. Fear not! We are here to guide you through these complexities with ease.

When it comes to citing a title within a title, it is crucial to understand the proper formatting and punctuation rules to ensure clarity and accuracy. Here are some key pointers to keep in mind:

1. Use double quotation marks for the title within a title. For example, if you are citing an article titled “The Art of Storytelling: Exploring Different Narrative Techniques,” the title within that article should be enclosed in double quotation marks, such as “Analyzing the ‘Hero’s Journey’ Theory.”

2. Ensure proper capitalization. When citing a title within a title, capitalize the first and last words, as well as all principal words (those with four or more letters). However, do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or), or prepositions, unless they are the first or last word of the title within a title.

Maintaining consistency in applying capitalization rules is crucial when adhering to different citation styles, as it ensures accuracy and professional presentation of your writing. Proper capitalization not only conveys professionalism but also helps establish credibility and clarity. Here are some key considerations to keep in mind when using different citation styles:

1. APA Style: – Sentence case: Capitalize the first word of the title and any subtitles, as well as any proper nouns. – Example: “The impact of social media on mental health.”

2. MLA Style: – Title case: Capitalize the first, last, and principal words in the title and any subtitles, along with all major words in names and titles. – Example: “The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health.”

3. Chicago Style: – Title case: Capitalize the first and last words of the title, all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions. – Example: “The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health.”

Handling long book titles can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to deciding whether to abbreviate or spell them out in their entirety. The choice ultimately depends on various factors, such as style guidelines, readability, and the specific context in which the title is being referenced. To help you navigate this dilemma, here are a few considerations to keep in mind:

1. Consistency is key: When dealing with long book titles, it’s important to maintain consistency throughout your writing. If you’ve chosen to abbreviate a particular title, ensure that you consistently use the same abbreviation each time it appears. This helps to avoid confusion and maintain clarity for your readers.

2. Consider readability: While abbreviating long book titles may seem tempting to save space or streamline your writing, it’s crucial to consider readability. If the abbreviation risks becoming ambiguous or difficult to understand, it may be wiser to spell out the title in its entirety. Remember, your readers should be able to grasp the meaning effortlessly without unnecessary effort.

When it comes to referencing book titles, attention to detail is crucial to ensure accuracy. Incorrectly citing a book can not only undermine the credibility of your work but also lead to confusion among readers. Here are some essential tips to help you master the art of accurately referencing book titles :

• Formatting: Pay close attention to the specific formatting requirements for book titles, as they may vary depending on the citation style. For example, in APA style, book titles are written in sentence case and italicized, while in MLA style, they are written in title case and italicized.
• Title vs. Subtitle: Many books have a main title followed by a subtitle. It is vital to include both components when referencing the book to provide a complete and accurate citation.
• Punctuation: Be careful with punctuation when citing book titles. In most citation styles, titles are italicized or enclosed in quotation marks, and punctuation marks are placed accordingly.

Remember, accuracy in book title references not only demonstrates your attention to detail but also respects the intellectual property of the authors whose works you are referencing. By following these tips, you can ensure that your citations are precise and enhance the credibility of your written work.

Q: What is the proper way to write the title of a book in an essay? A: When writing the title of a book in an essay, it is important to follow some best practices to ensure correct formatting and citation.

In summary, adopting best practices when writing the title of a book in an essay ensures clarity, consistency, and adherence to established guidelines.

Opinion Writing Prompts 3rd Grade PDF: Share Your Views

Black History Month Writing Prompts: Celebrate Diversity

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Reach out to us for sponsorship opportunities.

Welcome to Creative Writing Prompts

At Creative Writing Prompts, we believe in the power of words to shape worlds. Our platform is a sanctuary for aspiring writers, seasoned wordsmiths, and everyone. Here, storytelling finds its home, and your creative journey begins its captivating voyage.

© 2024 Creativewriting-prompts.com

• PRO Courses Guides New Tech Help Pro Expert Videos About wikiHow Pro Upgrade Sign In
• EDIT Edit this Article
• EXPLORE Tech Help Pro About Us Random Article Quizzes Request a New Article Community Dashboard This Or That Game Popular Categories Arts and Entertainment Artwork Books Movies Computers and Electronics Computers Phone Skills Technology Hacks Health Men's Health Mental Health Women's Health Relationships Dating Love Relationship Issues Hobbies and Crafts Crafts Drawing Games Education & Communication Communication Skills Personal Development Studying Personal Care and Style Fashion Hair Care Personal Hygiene Youth Personal Care School Stuff Dating All Categories Arts and Entertainment Finance and Business Home and Garden Relationship Quizzes Cars & Other Vehicles Food and Entertaining Personal Care and Style Sports and Fitness Computers and Electronics Health Pets and Animals Travel Education & Communication Hobbies and Crafts Philosophy and Religion Work World Family Life Holidays and Traditions Relationships Youth
• Browse Articles
• Learn Something New
• Quizzes Hot
• This Or That Game
• Train Your Brain
• Explore More
• Support wikiHow
• About wikiHow
• Log in / Sign up
• Education and Communications
• College University and Postgraduate
• Academic Writing
• MLA Style Manual

How to Write Book Titles in MLA

Last Updated: April 1, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Annaliese Dunne and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Annaliese Dunne is a Middle School English Teacher. With over 10 years of teaching experience, her areas of expertise include writing and grammar instruction, as well as teaching reading comprehension. She is also an experienced freelance writer. She received her Bachelor's degree in English. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 48,972 times.

If you're writing a research paper, you may want to include the title of a book in the text of your paper. The handbook for the Modern Language Association (MLA) provides specific rules for how to set off the title of a book from the rest of your text. Generally, titles of books are set apart from the rest of the text following particular formatting, capitalization, and punctuation rules.

Formatting Titles

• Music album titles and film titles are also italicized.
• In earlier editions, the MLA Handbook also permitted titles to be underlined. The 8th edition confirms that underlining is no longer appropriate.

Exception : Religious texts, such as the Bible or the Quran, are not italicized.

• For example, you might write: "In The Great Gatsby in the Classroom: Searching for the American Dream , David Dowling promotes the use of art and film to improve literacy."

• For example, if you were talking about the Nancy Drew series, you would not italicize "Nancy Drew" because the name does not appear in the titles of any of the individual books. In contrast, Harry Potter would be italicized, because the name appears at the beginning of the title of every book in the series.

• For example, if you were writing a paper on The Great Gatsby , you would need to include the full title in your text at least once. If you mentioned the novel more than once, you could use Gatsby as a shortened title.
• How you shorten the title generally depends on your own judgment. Use a word or words that evoke the title easily in the mind of the reader, without any ambiguity.

Capitalizing Titles

• For example, you might write: "Comedian Steve Martin takes on the art world in his novel An Object of Beauty . Note that the word "an" is capitalized because it is the first word. Otherwise, it would be in lowercase.
• If the book also has a subtitle, capitalize the first word of the subtitle just as you did the first word of the title.

• Articles include words such as "a," "an," and "the." Words such as "against," "in," and "to." Note that these words remain in lowercase regardless of their length.

• Coordinating conjunctions include words such as "and," "but," "for," and "nor."
• Subordinating conjunctions include words such as "after," "although," because," "unless," and "until."

• Example: Storytelling and Mythmaking: Images from Film and Literature

Tip: If you have doubts about the parts of speech of the words in a title, you can check your capitalization using free capitalization checkers available online.

• Capitalize all words that would be capitalized in the language the title is written in. For example, since all nouns are capitalized in German, you would capitalize all nouns in a German book title.

Punctuating Titles

• For example, if a title ends in an exclamation point or a question mark, you would include that punctuation mark at the end of the title. The punctuation mark should be italicized so that your readers understand that it's part of the title, not part of your punctuation.
• If the book title ends in a question mark or an exclamation point, it's typically not a good idea to use that title at the end of a sentence, because then the punctuation mark at the end of the book title effectively becomes the punctuation mark for the end of your sentence. Recast your sentence so that the book title doesn't fall at the end of the sentence.

• There is an exception if the book title includes another book title, and the included book title ends in a question mark or exclamation point. Since that punctuation mark belongs to the included book title, you would follow that punctuation mark with a colon. For example: Moby Dick and Absalom, Absalom! : Two American Masterpieces Note that the colon is italicized.

• For example, you might write: "In the 1980s sitcom When Harry Met Sally. . . , the characters examined whether heterosexual cisgender men and women could be friends without ever becoming romantically or sexually involved."
• Note that you'll have to form your sentence so that either a comma or a period is appropriate following the ellipsis or a dash.

Tip: Although it might be difficult for the average person to tell whether a punctuation mark such as a comma or period is italicized, technically any punctuation added to the end of the title should not be italicized.

• For example: England's Monitor; or, The History of Separation . Note that the "or" and all punctuation are also italicized.
• Generally, list the original or oldest title first, followed by any later title.

• For example, since the book Everything Is Nothing: The Poetry of the Great War, Revolution and the Transformation of Europe was published in London, the serial comma would not be added. However, if the book were published in the US, you would add a comma after the word "Revolution."

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

Expert Interview

Thanks for reading our article! If you’d like to learn more about writing, check out our in-depth interview with Annaliese Dunne .

• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_literature/writing_about_literature/formatting.html
• ↑ https://style.mla.org/punctuation-with-titles/
• ↑ https://style.mla.org/trilogy-titles/
• ↑ https://style.mla.org/full-names-titles-in-each-chapter/
• ↑ https://secondary.oslis.org/cite-sources/mla/how-to-capitalize-and-punctuate-titles
• ↑ https://style.mla.org/capitalization-of-titles/
• ↑ https://irsc.libguides.com/c.php?g=483085&p=3303403
• ↑ https://morningside.libguides.com/MLA8/title

About This Article

• Send fan mail to authors

Did this article help you?

Featured Articles

Trending Articles

Watch Articles

• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• Do Not Sell or Share My Info
• Not Selling Info

Don’t miss out! Sign up for

wikiHow’s newsletter

• +44 (0) 207 391 9032

Recent Posts

• Academic Integrity vs. Academic Dishonesty: Understanding the Key Differences
• How to Use AI to Enhance Your Thesis

Guide to Structuring Your Narrative Essay for Success

• How to Hook Your Readers with a Compelling Topic Sentence
• Is a Thesis Writing Format Easy? A Comprehensive Guide to Thesis Writing
• The Complete Guide to Copy Editing: Roles, Rates, Skills, and Process
• How to Write a Paragraph: Successful Essay Writing Strategies
• Everything You Should Know About Academic Writing: Types, Importance, and Structure
• Concise Writing: Tips, Importance, and Exercises for a Clear Writing Style
• How to Write a PhD Thesis: A Step-by-Step Guide for Success
• Academic News
• Custom Essays
• Dissertation Writing
• Essay Marking
• Essay Writing
• Essay Writing Companies
• Model Essays
• Model Exam Answers
• Oxbridge Essays Updates
• PhD Writing
• Significant Academics
• Student News
• Study Skills
• University Applications
• University Essays
• University Life
• Writing Tips

How to Title an Essay: Tips and Examples

(Last updated: 5 April 2024)

Since 2006, Oxbridge Essays has been the UK’s leading paid essay-writing and dissertation service

We have helped 10,000s of undergraduate, Masters and PhD students to maximise their grades in essays, dissertations, model-exam answers, applications and other materials. If you would like a free chat about your project with one of our UK staff, then please just reach out on one of the methods below.

Crafting an essay title is like designing the cover of a book – it's the first thing your professors see, setting the stage for what's inside. As such, the title is crucial because it's the reader's first impression. In this guide, we'll explore why a good essay title matters, offer tips to help you learn how to title an essay and provide examples to illustrate which titles work and which don't.

The Importance of a Good Essay Title

The significance of a good essay title cannot be overstated. Beyond its role as a mere label, a compelling title serves as a powerful tool for drawing your professor’s attention. A good title not only encapsulates the essence of the essay but also reflects the author's voice and perspective. It sets the tone for the entire piece, guiding readers in their interpretation and understanding of the content. Moreover, a well-crafted title can enhance the credibility and authority of the essay, signalling that the author has invested thought and care into their work.

How to Write a Good Title for Your Essay

Crafting a good title requires a blend of creativity, precision, and strategic thinking. To create an effective title, consider the following tips:

• Brainstorm Ideas : Begin by brainstorming keywords, phrases, and concepts related to your essay topic. Explore different angles and perspectives that encapsulate the essence of your argument or analysis.
• Consider the Audience : Reflect on your target audience and their interests, preferences, and expectations. Tailor your title to resonate with your intended readership, striking a balance between familiarity and intrigue.
• Capture the Essence : Reports often incorporate tables, charts, graphs, and other visual aids to enhance the presentation of data and facilitate understanding.
• Evoke Emotion or Intrigue : Tap into the emotional or intellectual curiosity of your readers by crafting a title that evokes emotion, prompts reflection, or poses a compelling question. Consider using provocative language, vivid imagery, or rhetorical devices to capture readers' attention.
• Revise and Refine: : Once you've generated potential titles, take time to revise and refine them. Experiment with different word choices, phrasings, and structures until you find a title that resonates and feels cohesive with the content of your essay.

Characteristics of a Good Title

A good title shares several key characteristics:

Descriptive : Clearly communicates the topic or main idea of the essay. Engaging : Captures the reader's attention and sparks curiosity. Concise : Succinctly summarises the content without being overly long or verbose. Relevant : Directly relates to the content and theme of the essay. Original : Avoids clichés and generic phrases. Try to strive for originality and creativity.

Essay Title Examples (Good vs. Bad)

Let's examine additional examples of good and bad essay titles to illustrate these principles:

Good Title : "Exploring Identity: The Intersection of Culture and Self-Perception" Bad Title : "Essay on Identity"

The good title invites readers to explore complex questions surrounding identity and self-perception, fostering curiosity and engagement. In contrast, the bad title lacks specificity and fails to capture the richness and depth of the essay's subject matter.

Good Title : "Breaking Barriers: The Evolution of Women's Rights in the 21st Century" Bad Title : "Essay on Women's Rights"

The good title is engaging and suggests a narrative, while the bad title is a little bland and lacks imagination.

Writing a Catchy Title for Your Essay

To craft a catchy title, consider employing the following strategies:

Wordplay and Alliteration : Incorporate puns, alliteration, or clever wordplay to make your title memorable and attention-grabbing.

Question or Provocation : Pose a thought-provoking question or statement that challenges readers' assumptions or prompts them to reconsider their perspectives.

Use of Imagery and Metaphor : Invoke vivid imagery or metaphorical language that evokes emotion, stimulates the senses, or conveys abstract concepts in concrete terms.

Surprise Element : Introduce an unexpected twist or element of surprise that captures readers' attention and leaves them eager to learn more.

Elevate Your Essay with An Engaging Title

Writing a good title for your essay requires time, skill, and a keen understanding of your subject matter. Crafting an essay title is more than just a formality—it's an art that can set the stage for the narrative that follows. With practice and attention to detail, you'll master the art of essay titling and unleash the full potential of your written creations.

Essay exams: how to answer ‘To what extent…’

How to write a master’s essay

Writing Services

• Essay Plans
• Critical Reviews
• Literature Reviews
• Presentations
• Dissertation Title Creation
• Dissertation Proposals
• Dissertation Chapters
• PhD Proposals
• Journal Publication
• CV Writing Service
• Business Proofreading Services

Editing Services

• Proofreading Service
• Editing Service
• Academic Editing Service

Additional Services

• Marking Services
• Consultation Calls
• Personal Statements
• Tutoring Services

Our Company

• Frequently Asked Questions
• Become a Writer

Terms & Policies

• Fair Use Policy
• Policy for Students in England
• Privacy Policy
• Terms & Conditions
• [email protected]
• Contact Form

Payment Methods

Cryptocurrency payments.

• Western Libraries
• Ask Us! Answer Service

Q. How do I refer to a book by title in-text in APA format?

• Research & Writing Studio
• 21 Accounts
• 14 Acquisitions
• 4 Anthropology
• 71 APA citations and formatting
• 35 Archives
• 31 Archives & Special Collections
• 36 Articles
• 14 Business resources
• 11 Center for Pacific Northwest Studies
• 3 Chemistry
• 8 Chicago citations and formatting
• 85 Circulation Services (check out/return/renew items)
• 42 Citations and style guides
• 44 Collections
• 50 Community services
• 1 Computer science
• 38 Computers
• 47 Copyright
• 79 Databases
• 22 Digital collections
• 87 Directions
• 7 Education (studies)
• 3 Engineering
• 2 English literature
• 7 Environmental studies/sciences
• 23 Equipment
• 42 Faculty services
• 3 Fairhaven
• 9 Fines and fees
• 12 Fun facts
• 21 Government information
• 5 Graduate students
• 2 Grant writing
• 1 Guest services
• 5 Human Services
• 50 Inter-library loan
• 17 Journals
• 29 Learning Commons
• 8 Library instruction
• 78 Library services
• 13 MLA citations and formatting
• 29 Multimedia
• 6 Newspapers
• 55 OneSearch
• 4 Online Learning
• 64 Outreach and Continuing Education
• 29 Policies
• 2 Political science
• 29 Primary sources
• 30 Printing related
• 3 Psychology
• 2 Rehabilitation Counseling
• 86 Research
• 17 Research & Writing Studio
• 37 Reserves
• 6 Scholarly communication
• 3 Sociology
• 10 Special Collections
• 1 Streaming video
• 44 Student services
• 28 Student Technology Center
• 1 Teaching and Learning Academy
• 16 Technology
• 3 Troubleshooting
• 5 Tutoring Center
• 5 Undergraduate Research Award
• 5 Undergraduate Students
• 18 Video tutorial
• 11 Western CEDAR
• 1 Women's Studies
• 37 Writing related
• 93 WWU general info

Answered By: Gabe Gossett Last Updated: Jun 22, 2023     Views: 644001

The basic format for an in-text citation is: Title of the Book (Author Last Name, year).

One author: Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak, 1963) is a depiction of a child coping with his anger towards his mom.

Two authors (cite both names every time): Brabant and Mooney (1986) have used the comic strip to examine evidence of sex role stereotyping. OR The comic strip has been used to examine evidence of sex role stereotyping (Brabant & Mooney, 1986).

Three or more authors (cite the first author plus et al.): Tales from the Shadowhunter Academy (Clare et al., 2016) depicts a young man's experience at the Shadowhunter Academy, a place where being a former vampire is looked down upon.OR Clare et al. (2016) have crafted a unique story about a young man's journey to find himself.

No author: Cite the first few words of the reference entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter, and italicize the title of a periodical, book, brochure, or report. Examples: From the book Study Guide (2000) ... or ("Reading," 1999).

Note: Titles of periodicals, books, brochures, or reports should be in italics and use normal title capitalization rules.

If you are citing multiple sources by multiple authors in-text, you can list all of them by the author's last name and year of publication within the same set of parentheses, separated by semicolons.

Example: (Adams, 1999; Jones & James, 2000; Miller, 1999)

For more information on how to cite books in-text and as a reference entry, see the APA Publication Manual (7th edition) Section 10.2 on pages 321-325 .

Links & Files

• APA Workshop
• Citation Quick Guides and Style Manuals
• Share on Facebook

Was this helpful? Yes 111 No 86

Comments (13)

• This was very useful for me! I was having a really hard time finding information on how to mention an article title AND the author in text in APA so this was very helpful!!! by Ryan Waddell on Jun 27, 2019
• If I just mention that I used a book to teach a topic do I have to include it in the reference list? by Franw on Oct 17, 2019
• @Franw, if it is a source that informs your paper in any way, or if your reader would have reason to look it up, then you should include a full reference list entry for the book. by Gabe [Research & Writing Studio] on Oct 18, 2019
• Maybe I'm misunderstanding the question, but I think the OP is asking how to refer to a book title, not how to cite one. I believe APA uses quotation marks around book titles and MLA uses italics. by AB on Dec 12, 2019
• @AB: The first sentence has been tweaked to clarify title of book usage, reflecting the examples given. For APA style you should use italics for book titles. It would be quotation marks. by Gabe [Research & Writing Studio] on Dec 12, 2019
• Hi, can any one help me with in-text-citation of this, how can i cite it in the text Panel, I. L. (2002). Digital transformation: A framework for ICT literacy. Educational Testing Service, 1-53. by Milad on Aug 20, 2021
• @Milad: In that case it would be (Panel, 2002). If you are quoting, or otherwise choosing to include page numbers, put a comma after the year, then p. and the page number(s). by Gabe Gossett on Aug 20, 2021
• Hey, I'm a little bit curious, what if I'm mentioning a book and paraphrasing it but still want to give credit. Would I put the information into parenthesis instead? Like: Paraphrased info. ("Title in Italics" Author, year) by Kai on Sep 14, 2023
• @Kai: Apologies for not seeing your question sooner! (Our academic year has not started yet). If I am understanding your question correctly, what I suggest is referring to the book title in the narrative of your writing, rather than in the in-text citation. I do not see an examples of using a book title in an in-text citation except for rare circumstances including citing a classic religious text or using the title when there is no author information because it is the start of your reference list entry. Basically, APA's in-text convention is supposed to make it easy for your reader to locate the source being cited in the reference list. So the first part of the in-text citation, usually authors, comes first to locate it alphabetically. Putting the book title first when you have an author name can throw that off. by Gabe Gossett on Sep 21, 2023
• Perhaps this is along the lines of the response to Kai - Can you reference a book title as a common point of social understanding to demonstrate a common concept? Is official citing required if you use widely known titles such as "Where's Waldo" and "Who Moved My Cheese?" to make a point of illustration? by Chez Renee on Sep 30, 2023
• @Chez: Aside from some classical religious texts, if it is a published book, I'd try to make sure that it is appropriately cited for APA style. That said, I think I understand where it gets tricky with things like Where's Waldo, since that is a series of books and stating "Where's Waldo" is a cultural reference many people would understand, though you can't reasonably cite the entire series. I don't believe that APA gives guidance for this particular issue. If it is being referred to in order to back up a claim, it would help to cite a particular book. If not, then it might work to use a statement such as, "Hanford's Where's Waldo series . . ." by Gabe Gossett on Oct 02, 2023
• How to cite a dissertation thesis in apa form? by Elizabeth on Feb 05, 2024
• @Elizabeth: For citing a dissertation or thesis you can check out our page answering that here https://askus.library.wwu.edu/faq/153308 by Gabe Gossett on Feb 05, 2024

• Find the librarian for your subject area

Related Topics

• APA citations and formatting

How to Write a Book Title and Author in an Essay?

This post may contains affiliate links. If you click and buy we may make a commission, at no additional charge to you. Please see our disclosure policy for more details.

So, you’re writing an essay, and you’re referencing a book. But how on earth do you write and cite the title and the author’s name correctly?

Do you use quotation marks? Italics? Punctuation? And what about capitalization?

The answer is a little more complicated than you might think. It all depends on the style of essay you’re writing, but once you’ve familiarized yourself with the rules for each one, it’s easy to mention and cite any book title and author’s name correctly, so you can get top marks from your instructor, each and every time.

Table of Contents

The Correct Way to Write a Book’s Title And Author in an Essay

In this post, we’ll look at the three most common essay formats used in the US and learn how to properly display book titles and author names in each one.

The Most Popular Essay Formats

The three most commonly used essay formats found in schools, universities, and higher education institutions across America are known as APA, MLA, and Chicago style.

The format your professor assigns will depend on the subject matter, the department, the purpose of the essay, and the instructor’s individual preferences.

APA stands for the American Psychological Association. This is the go-to format for scientific essays, including many social and behavioural sciences.

MLA stands for Modern Language Association and is the most frequently used format in humanities and liberal arts subjects, such as literature and history.

Chicago format, also known as Turabian after its creator, Kate L. Turabian, is commonly used in the publishing world and also in subjects such as anthropology, history, and selected social sciences.

Why is Using The Correct Format so Important?

The short answer is that you’ll receive a lower grade if you don’t.

But of course, there are many good reasons why proper formatting is important when writing papers and essays.

1. Consistency

Formats like APA, MLA, and Chicago provide a strict set of criteria to stick to throughout an essay, ensuring consistency.

Consistency avoids confusion for the reader and helps them to quickly and easily identify what the writer is trying to say.

2. References And Research

Sticking with one style or format makes it easier for readers to check citations and conduct further research into the chosen topic.

3. Demonstrating Understanding

In academic settings, adhering to a particular style guide, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, demonstrates your understanding of the rules and principles of written material within that field.

This shows that you don’t just understand the subject; you also know how to write about it.

4. Preparation For Future Studies

Suppose you’re a high school student or a college undergrad, familiarizing yourself with the basic principles of essay formatting. In that case, it is a great way to prepare yourself for your future academic pursuits, especially if you plan to progress onto a graduate or postgraduate program.

How to Write a Book’s Title in The Main Body of an APA Style Essay?

Here are the key rules to remember when writing book titles in the main body of an APA-style essay:

• Use quotation marks (not italics) on either side of the book’s title (with the exception of the holy texts like the Bible and reference works like dictionaries and almanacs).
• The first word of the title should be capitalized.
• All words and terms containing more than four letters or symbols should be capitalized.
• Any two-part words containing a hyphen should be capitalized.
• Words placed directly after a colon or dash should also be capitalized.

For example, “Slaughterhouse-Five”

How to Write a Book’s Title in The Main Body of an MLA or Chicago Style Essay?

MLA and Chicago-style essays use similar rules when it comes to mentioning book titles in the main body of an essay. Here are the key things to remember when using either of these formats:

• The book’s title should be displayed in italics (not quotation marks), with the exception of holy texts like the Bible.
• If the title contains punctuation, this should be italicized, too.
• All verbs, nouns, and adjectives should be capitalized.
• If you’re referring to a chapter or mentioning a book alongside the series it belongs to, use quotation marks, not italics.

For example,

O ne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, or “A Clash of Kings” from A Song of Ice and Fire by George R.R. Martin

1. Avoid Capitalizing Minor Words

Unless they appear as the first word in a title, the following words should be displayed in lowercase.

• Prepositions , such as on, in, at, and from.
• Articles , such as the, a, and an.
• Coordinating conjunctions , such as so, and, yet, but, and for.

This might sound a little complex at first, but it’s pretty simple and intuitive once you get the hang of it.

99% of the time, the book’s title as it is displayed on the front cover is correct for both MLA and Chicago-style essays.

How to Write a Book’s Title in The Main Body of a Handwritten Essay?

Handwritten essays used to be the norm, but these days, they’re most definitely the exception.

Still, there may be some instances where you’re asked to handwrite an essay rather than type it, in which case, you should follow the rules below.

1. Capitalization

The capitalization rules for writing book titles in the main body of a handwritten essay are the same as with typed essays.

So, if you’re handwriting an APA-style essay, make sure to capitalize the first letter of the first word in the title and do the same for every word containing more than four letters.

And when handwriting an MLA or Chicago-style essay, capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and do the same for every word except for articles, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions.

2. Underlining

No matter the format, book titles should always be underlined when handwriting an essay

• Underline the complete title, including any words that come after a colon or dash
• Underline any punctuation that appears in the book’s title
• Avoid underlining each word separately; always use one continuous line
• Make your line as straight as possible by using a ruler or following the line on the paper

How to Cite a Book And its Author in a References or Works Cited Page?

So, now you know how to write the title of a book mentioned in the body of an essay.

But what do you do when you need to cite a book and its author in your references or works cited page?

To keep it simple, I’ll use Lucy Maud Montgomery’s 1908 classic children’s novel , Anne of Green Gables, as an example for each essay style.

1. Book Citations in APA Style

Here’s the proper format for citing authors and their book titles in APA:

Last Name, First Names. (Year the book was published). Book title .

For example, Montgomery, Lucy Maud. (1908). Anne of Green Gables.

2. Book Citations in MLA Style

Here’s the proper format for citing authors and their book titles in MLA:

Last Name, First Names. Book title . City of Publication, Publisher, Year the book was published.

Note: You only need to include the city of publication if the book was published before 1900 or if the publisher is not based in the US.

For example, Montgomery, Lucy Maud. Anne of Green Gables. L.C. Page & Co., 1908.

3. Book Citations in Chicago Style

Here’s the proper format for citing authors and their book titles in Chicago style:

Last Name, First Names. Book Title: Subtitle . City of publication: Publisher, Year the book was published.

Note: Just like with MLA style, you only need to include the city of publication if the book was published before 1900 or if the publisher is not based in the US.

For example, Montgomery, Lucy Maud. Anne of Green Gables . L.C. Page & Co., 1908.

4. Book Citations in a Hand Written Essay

If you’re handwriting an essay, you’ll no doubt be handwriting your references or works cited page, too.

In this case, you should still follow the appropriate formatting rules above in relation to the chosen essay style.

But where a title appears in italics in a printed essay, in a handwritten essay, it should be neatly underlined instead.

Missing Information

If you’ve searched high and low for a book’s publisher, publication date, or the city in which it was published, but you still can’t find the information, it’s generally acceptable to leave it out.

Essay writing is a skill that takes practice, and at first, the rules and principles of the different formats can seem complex. This is especially true when you’re writing about books and their authors or citing other people’s work.

But hopefully, this post has helped explain the structures used in each of the most commonly used formats so that next time you write an essay, you can be confident that you’re doing it right.

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

booksandauthor.com

essay tips from professional authors

Comprehensive Guide on How to Write an Essay About a Book

Essays are very common in middle school, high school, and college. Even after graduating college, you may need to write essays in the business world in the form of reports. However, writing an essay about a book takes a slightly different turn. It usually involves writing a detailed summary of the plot of a book or a simple book review.

This writing process may seem as simple as sitting down at the computer and beginning to type for some. But a lot more planning goes into writing a book essay successfully. If you have never written one before or struggle with talking about a book in an essay, you should read on.

In this article, we’ll provide a comprehensive guide on how to write essays on books and give you some important steps in the essay writing process.

How to start an essay about a book

A book essay involves closely studying a text, interpreting its themes, and exploring why the author makes certain choices. It can be applied to novels, plays, short stories, poems, or any other form of literary writing.

Book essays aren’t merely book summaries. They can be a form of argumentative essay where you need to analyse the text’s perspective, language, and structure. They also explain how an author uses literary terms and elements to create emotional effects and convey ideas.

Before starting a book essay, it’s vital to carefully read the book and develop a thesis statement to keep your essay focused. As you write, you should follow the standard structure of a professional essay. Seeking professional guidance for your college application? Consider enlisting expert assistance to Write You College Essay and increase your chances of admission success.

It should take this structure:

• An introduction that gives the reader an idea of what your essay will focus on.
• The main body, which is divided into paragraphs that develop an argument using the text’s ideas.
• A conclusion that summarises the main ideas you have given with your analysis.

Mentioning a book in an essay

Writing a book essay is not as easy as it may seem, especially when you are not sure how to write a book title in an essay. Some of the questions that most students ask include; Can I use quotation marks? Should I underline the book title? Will I use italics? Does the format depend on the referencing of the paper?

Every question highlighted is essential in learning how to mention a book in an essay. However, it is important to know that different writing styles have varying writing standards.

The style used to write a title of a book in an essay varies based on the formatting style of the paper. There are the APA, MLA, and Chicago writing styles.

Let’s take the example of an APA format.

The rules that apply to an APA format are different from those used in MLA and Chicago writing formats. Here are some of them:

• Capitalise the first word and every word with more than four letters
• For two-part hyphenated words, capitalization of both words is necessary
• Words after dash or colon should also be capitalised
• Use quotation marks instead of italics for reference material such as dictionaries.
• Use italics for titles of Books, Films, Videos, journals, magazines, newspapers, and TV shows.

Learning the different book title writing styles for each paper format is very important, especially when writing a college essay about a book.

How to write an essay about a book

Writing a book essay can be tricky, so here are the steps that will guide you:

• Read the book and locate literary devices

The first step is to read the book and take notes carefully. As you read, pay attention to the main points of the story. For instance, you can take note of things that are intriguing, surprising, or even confusing in writing. These usually form the basis of your analysis.

To begin your analysis, there are many key areas that you can focus on. As you analyse each element of the text, try to think about how they all connect.

• Generate a thesis

Your thesis in a book essay is the point you want to make about the text. It’s usually the main argument that gives your essay direction and prevents it from being a collection of random observations about a book. If you’re given a prompt for your essay, your thesis must directly relate to the prompt.

• Write a title and introduction

To start your book essay, you’ll need a good title and an introduction.

The title should indicate what your analysis will focus on. It generally contains the author’s name and the book you’re analysing. Keep it as brief and interesting as you can.

Your essay introduction should provide a brief outlook of where your argument is going. It should contain your thesis statement and an outline of the essay’s structure.

• Write the body

Each paragraph in the main body should focus on one topic or argument of your book essay. Don’t try to add everything you can think about the text, but only key analysis that fuels your argument.

• Write your conclusion

The conclusion of your analysis should wrap up the essay and summarise your key points while emphasising their significance to the reader. To achieve this, briefly summarise your key arguments, and locate the conclusion they’ve led you to.

Unlike regular essays, writing a book essay requires adherence to more rules and writing formats. You should always comprehensively read the book you want to write an essay about and follow a given writing style.

Get science-backed answers as you write with Paperpal's Research feature

How to Structure an Essay

Essay writing is a fundamental skill, a basic task, that is expected of those who choose to pursue their undergraduate and master’s degrees. It constitutes a key requirement for students to complete a given course credit. However, many students and early career researchers find themselves struggling with the challenge of organizing their thoughts into a coherent, engaging structure. This article is especially for those who see essay writing as a daunting task and face problems in presenting their work in an impactful way.  

Table of Contents

• Writing an essay: basic elements and some key principles  
• Essay structure template 
• Chronological structure 
• Problem-methods-solutions structure 
• Compare and contrast structures 
• Frequently asked questions on essay structure 

Read on as we delve into the basic elements of essay writing, outline key principles for organizing information, and cover some foundational features of writing essays.  

Writing an essay: basic elements and some key principles

Essays are written in a flowing and continuous pattern but with a structure of its own. An introduction, body and conclusion are integral to it. The key is to balance the amount and kind of information to be presented in each part. Various disciplines may have their own conventions or guidelines on the information to be provided in the introduction.  

A clear articulation of the context and background of the study is important, as is the definition of key terms and an outline of specific models or theories used. Readers also need to know the significance of the study and its implications for further research. Most importantly, the thesis or the main proposition should be clearly presented.  

The body of the essay is therefore organized into paragraphs that hold the main ideas and arguments and is presented and analyzed in a logical manner. Ideally, each paragraph of the body focuses on one main point or a distinct topic and must be supported by evidence and analysis. The concluding paragraph should bring back to the reader the key arguments, its significance and food for thought. It is best not to re-state all the points of the essay or introduce a new concept here. 

In other words, certain general guidelines help structure the information in the essay. The information must flow logically with the context or the background information presented in the introductory part of the essay. The arguments are built organically where each paragraph in the body of the essay deals with a different point, yet closely linked to the para preceding and following it. Importantly, when writing essays, early career researchers must be careful in ensuring that each piece of information relates to the main thesis and is a building block to the arguments. 

Essay structure template

• Introduction 
• Provide the context and share significance of the study 
• Clearly articulate the thesis statement 
• Body  
• Paragraph 1 consisting of the first main point, followed by supporting evidence and an analysis of the findings. Transitional words and phrases can be used to move to the next main point. 
• There can be as many paragraphs with the above-mentioned elements as there are points and arguments to support your thesis. 
• Conclusion  
• Bring in key ideas and discuss their significance and relevance 
• Call for action 
• References 

Essay structures

The structure of an essay can be determined by the kind of essay that is required.  

Chronological structure

Also known as the cause-and-effect approach, this is a straightforward way to structure an essay. In such essays, events are discussed sequentially, as they occurred from the earliest to the latest. A chronological structure is useful for discussing a series of events or processes such as historical analyses or narratives of events. The introduction should have the topic sentence. The body of the essay should follow a chorological progression with each para discussing a major aspect of that event with supporting evidence. It ends with a summarizing of the results of the events.  

Problem-methods-solutions structure

Where the essay focuses on a specific problem, the problem-methods-solutions structure can be used to organize the essay. This structure is ideal for essays that address complex issues. It starts with presenting the problem, the context, and thesis statement as introduction to the essay. The major part of the discussion which forms the body of the essay focuses on stating the problem and its significance, the author’s approach or methods adopted to address the problem along with its relevance, and accordingly proposing solution(s) to the identified problem. The concluding part offers a recap of the research problem, methods, and proposed solutions, emphasizing their significance and potential impact. 

Compare and contrast structures

This structure of essay writing is ideally used when two or more key subjects require a comparison of ideas, theories, or phenomena. The three crucial elements, introduction, body, and conclusion, remain the same. The introduction presents the context and the thesis statement. The body of the essay seeks to focus on and highlight differences between the subjects, supported by evidence and analysis. The conclusion is used to summarize the key points of comparison and contrast, offering insights into the significance of the analysis.  

Depending on how the subjects will be discussed, the body of the essay can be organized according to the block method or the alternating method. In the block method, one para discusses one subject and the next para the other subject. In the alternative method, both subjects are discussed in one para based on a particular topic or issue followed by the next para on another issue and so on.  

Frequently asked questions on essay structure

An essay structure serves as a framework for presenting ideas coherently and logically. It comprises three crucial elements: an introduction that communicates the context, topic, and thesis statement; the body focusing on the main points and arguments supported with appropriate evidence followed by its analysis; and a conclusion that ties together the main points and its importance .  

An essay structure well-defined essay structure enhances clarity, coherence, and readability, and is crucial for organizing ideas and arguments to effectively communicate key aspects of a chosen topic. It allows readers to better understand arguments presented and demonstrates the author’s ability to organize and present information systematically. 

Yes, while expert recommend following an essay structure, early career researchers may choose how best to adapt standard essay structures to communicate and share their research in an impactful and engaging way. However, do keep in mind that deviating too far from established structures can hinder comprehension and weaken the overall effectiveness of the essay,  By understanding the basic elements of essay writing and employing appropriate structures such as chronological, problem-methods-solutions, or compare and contrast, researchers can effectively organize their ideas and communicate their findings with clarity and precision. 

Paperpal is a comprehensive AI writing toolkit that helps students and researchers achieve 2x the writing in half the time. It leverages 21+ years of STM experience and insights from millions of research articles to provide in-depth academic writing, language editing, and submission readiness support to help you write better, faster.  

Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed. Try for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime starting at US$19 a month to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.  

Experience the future of academic writing – Sign up to Paperpal and start writing for free!  

Related Reads:

Powerful academic phrases to improve your essay writing .

• How to Paraphrase Research Papers Effectively
• How to Use AI to Enhance Your College Essays and Thesis
• How to Cite Social Media Sources in Academic Writing? 

Leveraging Generative AI to Enhance Student Understanding of Complex Research Concepts 

You may also like, leveraging generative ai to enhance student understanding of..., how to write a good hook for essays,..., addressing peer review feedback and mastering manuscript revisions..., how paperpal can boost comprehension and foster interdisciplinary..., what is the importance of a concept paper..., how to write the first draft of a..., mla works cited page: format, template & examples, how to ace grant writing for research funding..., how to write a high-quality conference paper.

How to Summarize a Paper, a Story, a Book, a Report or an Essay

• Posted on June 25, 2024 June 25, 2024

Summarizing skills empower you to condense extensive information into digestible, concise points. In academic settings, mastering this skill lets you capture the essence of long papers or complex theories, aiding in study and communication. 

Professionals rely on summarization to distill lengthy reports and documents into actionable insights critical for decision-making and efficient workflow. 

As you learn to summarize effectively , you enhance your ability to understand and convey key messages swiftly and clearly, essential in scholarly and business environments. 

What is Summarizing?

Summarizing involves condensing a larger text into its essential points, allowing you to grasp the main ideas quickly and effectively. Effective summaries retain the original message’s core , offering a clear overview without delving into every detail. 

This skill is invaluable in managing information overload, enabling students and professionals to absorb and communicate key points with precision.

Key Elements of a Summary

Creating a practical summary demands precision and skill. You must distill complex information into its most essential points while retaining the essence of the original content. Here’s what to focus on:

• Conciseness: Keep it brief while covering all critical aspects.
• Clarity: Use clear, straightforward language to ensure understanding.
• Objectivity: Maintain the original text’s intent without inserting personal views.
• Accuracy: Reflect the source material faithfully, avoiding misinterpretation.

How To Summarize a Paper

Mastering the art of summarizing research papers is a valuable skill for students and researchers. It equips you to efficiently grasp the core ideas of a study without getting bogged down in every detail. 

1. Deep Dive with Active Reading

Don’t just passively skim the paper. Engage actively by underlining, highlighting, or taking margin notes. Focus on capturing key concepts, methodologies used, and the main findings the author(s) presented. 

Pay particular attention to the introduction, which lays the groundwork by outlining the research question , relevant background information, and the overall significance of the study.

2. Deconstruct the Paper’s Structure

Research papers typically follow a standard structure. The introduction sets the stage, the methodology section details how the research was conducted, and the results section presents the data and findings. 

Finally, the discussion section interprets the results, explains their implications, and acknowledges limitations. As you read, be mindful of how each section builds upon the others to answer the central research question.

3. Identify the Golden Nuggets

Once you’ve familiarized yourself with the paper’s structure and content, it’s time to separate the essential from the interesting. 

Ask yourself critical questions: 

• What is the core research question the author(s) are trying to answer? 
• Why is it important? 
• What methodologies were employed to gather data (surveys, experiments, etc.)? 
• What were the most significant findings from the research? 
• How do the authors interpret these results, and what are the broader implications of their work?

4. Craft a Cohesive Summary

Now that you’ve extracted the key elements, it’s time to synthesize them into a concise and informative summary. Write in your own words to avoid plagiarism , and strive for clarity and conciseness. 

Focus on capturing the essence of the paper, ensuring your summary effectively conveys the research question, methodology, key findings, and the authors’ conclusions. The length of your summary will depend on the specific requirements – a one-paragraph abstract for a literature review or a multi-page report for a class assignment.

5. Refine and Polish Your Work

The final step is crucial. Carefully proofread your summary to ensure it accurately reflects the original paper and avoids introducing personal opinions or biases. Double-check for factual accuracy, grammar , and a logical flow of information. 

A well-crafted summary should be a self-contained piece that effectively communicates the essence of the research paper.

How To Summarize a Story

Summarizing a story effectively involves condensing the plot into its critical points while maintaining the essence of the narrative. It’s a great way to test your comprehension and share the core of a story without revealing all the details.

1. Identify the Key Players and the Setting

Start by establishing the story’s foundation. Who are the main characters, and what is their relationship to each other? Briefly introduce them and mention the setting where the story unfolds. This provides context for the events to follow.

2. Decipher the Driving Force: What’s the Conflict?

Every story revolves around a central conflict, a problem the protagonist faces. This could be an external challenge, like a villain or a dangerous situation, or an internal struggle, like a moral dilemma or a personal growth journey. Understanding this conflict is crucial for summarizing the story’s core.

3. Chart the Course: Major Plot Points in Sequence

Once you’ve grasped the conflict, identify the significant events that propel the story forward. These are not minor details but turning points that raise the stakes, force the protagonist to make crucial decisions, or bring them closer to resolving the conflict. Summarize these critical events in chronological order.

4. Climax: The Moment of Truth (But Keep the Resolution a Secret!)

The climax is the peak of the story’s tension, where the conflict reaches its most critical stage. Briefly describe this turning point without revealing how it’s resolved.

5. Wrap it Up: A Hint of the Outcome (Without Spoilers!)

The very end of your summary should touch upon the resolution – did the protagonist overcome the conflict? Did they achieve their goal or learn a valuable lesson? However, avoid revealing explicit details to avoid spoiling the story for those who have yet to experience it.

How To Summarize a Book

Summarizing a book requires condensing a vast amount of information into a concise and informative piece. It’s like creating a miniature version that captures the book’s essence without getting bogged down in every detail. 

1. Deep Reading and Note-Taking

Go beyond simply reading the book. Actively engage with the text by underlining key points, jotting down notes in the margins, or creating a separate document to capture your thoughts. Focus on capturing the main characters, the central conflict that drives the plot, and any significant themes explored throughout the story.

2. Break Down the Book’s Structure

Most novels follow a similar structure. The beginning introduces the main characters, setting the stage for the story’s world. The plot thickens as the central conflict emerges, propelling the characters on their journeys. 

The climax presents the most intense moment of tension, followed by a resolution that ties up loose ends or leaves room for interpretation. As you take notes, be mindful of how each part of the book builds upon the others to create a cohesive narrative.

3. Identify the Core Elements

Once you’ve finished reading and grasped the book’s structure well, it’s time to separate the wheat from the chaff. 

Ask yourself key questions:

• Who are the main characters, and what are their motivations?
• What is the central conflict that drives the plot?
• What significant events occur throughout the story, and how do they shape the characters’ journeys?
• What are the underlying themes explored by the author?

Now that you’ve identified the book’s key elements weave them together to create a concise and informative summary. 

• A brief introduction mentioning the book’s title, author, and genre.
• An introduction to the main characters and the setting.
• A description of the central conflict that propels the plot.
• A summary of the major plot points, focusing on turning points and significant events. (Avoid spoilers for major plot twists!)
• A hint about the resolution, without revealing the ending.
• Briefly touch upon the book’s central themes.

5. Refine and Polish

Proofread your summary carefully to ensure it accurately reflects the book and avoids introducing your opinions. Check for factual accuracy, grammar, and a logical flow of information. 

Your polished summary should be a self-contained piece that effectively conveys the book’s essence, leaving the reader intrigued and wanting to delve deeper.

How To Summarize a Report

Reports are dense with information, so summarizing them requires pinpointing the crucial elements and presenting them concisely. 

1. Decipher the Report’s Purpose

Before diving in, understand the report’s objective. Is it presenting research findings, analyzing a business situation, or making policy recommendations? Knowing the purpose helps you identify the most important information.

2. Follow the Map: Structure is Key

Reports typically follow a logical structure. Look for headings and subheadings that organize the content. Pay close attention to sections like:

• Introduction: This sets the stage by outlining the report’s purpose, background information, and the research question or problem being addressed.
• Methodology: This explains how the research was conducted, whether data was collected, or the analysis was performed.
• Findings: This is the heart of the report, presenting the results and key pieces of information discovered.
• Discussion: Here, the author interprets the findings, explains their significance, and draws conclusions.
• Recommendations: Based on the analysis, this section may propose solutions or suggest actions to be taken.

As you navigate the report’s structure, ask yourself critical questions to pinpoint the key elements:

• What is the main research question or problem addressed?
• What methods were used to gather data or conduct the analysis?
• What were the most significant findings from the report?
• How does the author interpret these results, and what are the main conclusions?
• Are there any recommendations or suggestions for future action?

4. Craft a Clear and Concise Summary

Once you’ve identified the essential information, weave it into a well-structured summary. 

• A brief introduction mentioning the report’s title, author, and purpose.
• A concise explanation of the research question or problem being addressed.
• A summary of the methodology used, focusing on how the information was gathered or analyzed (avoid excessive detail).
• The report’s key findings are presented clearly and concisely.
• The author’s main conclusions are based on the findings.
• If applicable, a mention of any recommendations or suggestions for future action.

5. Ensure Accuracy and Objectivity

Proofread your summary meticulously to ensure it accurately reflects the report’s content and avoids introducing your opinions or biases. Double-check for factual accuracy, grammar, and a logical flow of information.

How To Summarize an Essay

Summarizing an essay effectively is valuable for students and anyone encountering academic writing . It allows you to quickly grasp the main points and assess its argument without getting bogged down in every detail. 

1. Start With Active Reading

Make sure to do more than skim the essay. Give it a close read, underlining or highlighting key points and taking notes in the margins. Focus on capturing the central argument, the primary evidence to support it, and any counter-arguments the author addresses. 

Pay particular attention to the thesis statement, which typically appears in the introduction and encapsulates the essay’s main point.

2. Deconstruct the Essay’s Structure

Most essays follow a standard structure . The introduction sets the stage by outlining the topic, providing relevant background information, and presenting the thesis statement. The body paragraphs delve deeper, focusing on a single point supporting the thesis. 

Evidence such as facts, statistics, or quotes from credible sources bolsters the argument. The conclusion summarizes the main points and reiterates the thesis statement, sometimes offering the author’s final thoughts or implications of the argument.

3. Identify the Key Elements

Once you familiarize yourself with the essay’s structure and content, it’s time to separate the wheat from the chaff. Ask yourself critical questions:

• What is the main argument the author is trying to convey (the thesis statement)?
• What evidence does the author use to support their argument?
• Does the author acknowledge any opposing viewpoints or counter-arguments? If so, how are they addressed?

Now that you’ve identified the key elements synthesize them into a concise and informative summary. 

• A brief introduction mentioning the essay’s title and author.
• A clear statement of the essay’s main argument (the thesis statement).
• A summary of the main points used to support the thesis, focusing on the most significant evidence presented by the author.

The final step is crucial. Proofread your summary carefully to ensure it accurately reflects the essay’s content and avoids introducing your opinions or biases. Double-check for factual accuracy, grammar, and a logical flow of information. 

A well-crafted summary should be a self-contained piece that effectively conveys the essence of the essay’s argument.

Perfecting the Practice of Summarization

Learning how to summarize is a vital skill that enhances your understanding, communication, and efficiency in academia, professional settings, or daily life. 

By mastering the summarizing techniques, you become adept at distilling complex information into essential, manageable pieces. This ability saves time, deepens comprehension, and facilitates clearer, more effective communication.

As you do, you will find that your ability to extract key points from dense materials improves, as does your capacity to convey these points to others succinctly and effectively. This skill will serve you well in all aspects of your life, making you a more proficient student, a capable professional, and a clearer communicator overall.

Sign Up for Quetext Today!

Click below to find a pricing plan that fits your needs.

You May Also Like

How to Use AI to Enhance Your Storytelling Process

• Posted on June 12, 2024

Essential Comma Rules for Business Emails

• Posted on June 7, 2024

How to Write Polished, Professional Emails With AI

• Posted on May 30, 2024

A Safer Learning Environment: The Impact of AI Detection on School Security

• Posted on May 17, 2024

Rethinking Academic Integrity Policies in the AI Era

• Posted on May 10, 2024 May 10, 2024

Jargon Phrases to Avoid in Business Writing

• Posted on May 3, 2024 May 3, 2024

Comparing Two Documents for Plagiarism: Everything You Need to Know

• Posted on April 26, 2024 April 26, 2024

Mastering Tone in Email Communication: A Guide to Professional Correspondence

• Posted on April 17, 2024

Input your search keywords and press Enter.

How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay in 8 Quick Steps

A good literary analysis involves more than just summarizing a story or poem. It's about digging deep into the text to understand its themes, characters, and writing techniques. In this article, we'll explore how to do just that. Whether you're a seasoned pro or new to the game, these tips will help you learn how to write a literary analysis essay that'll impress your readers. Let's dive in!

How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay?

Writing a good literary analysis is like taking a closer look at a painting to understand what makes it beautiful. In this section, we'll break down the steps to help you write a literary analysis essay on a book or poem. We'll explore things like characters, themes, and writing style so you can really understand what the author is trying to say. If you’re in a hurry, our experts can write paper for you overnight according to your particular instructions.

Choose Your Original

Select a source that intrigues you or one assigned by your instructor. Opt for a work that resonates with you emotionally or intellectually, as this connection will fuel your evaluation and keep you engaged throughout the process. Whether it's a classic novel, a contemporary poem, or a play, ensure that the content is rich in themes, characters, and stylistic devices to provide ample material for scrutinizing.

Read Carefully and Analyze

Once you've chosen your source, read it attentively, making notes on significant passages, character developments, and recurring themes. Pay close attention to the author's writing style, language choices, and penmanship devices such as imagery, symbolism, and foreshadowing. Analyze how these elements contribute to the overall meaning and impact of the original, and consider how they evoke emotions or convey the author's message to the reader. If you need critical analysis essay examples , here are some compelling samples for your inspiration and motivation.

Formulate a Thesis Statement

After thoroughly analyzing the text, formulate a clear and concise thesis statement that encapsulates your interpretation or claim about the work. Your thesis should assert a specific claim or perspective regarding the work's meaning, theme, or literature elements, providing a roadmap for your composition and guiding your reader's understanding of your assignment's purpose.

Develop Your Argument

With your thesis statement in mind, develop a coherent argument supporting your text interpretation. Draw on evidence from the original, including quotations, plot details, and character interactions, to substantiate your claims and illustrate your examination. Consider how each piece of evidence contributes to your overall argument and use it to build a persuasive case for your interpretation of the material. By the way, you can ask our experts, ‘ do my PowerPoint presentation ,’ and our specialists will address such an assignment, too.

Need a Quality Literary Analysis Fast?

Our literature writers are the best experts for the job!

Outline Your Document

Create a detailed outline that organizes your ideas and evidence logically and sequentially. Divide your paper into an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, each addressing a specific aspect of your exploration. Outline the main points you'll discuss in each paragraph and the evidence you'll use to support them, ensuring a clear and structured progression of ideas throughout your document.

Write Your Introduction

Begin with an engaging introduction that provides context for your brainstorming and introduces your thesis statement to the reader. Hook your audience with an intriguing opening line or a thought-provoking question, then provide background information about the document and its author to orient your reader. Finally, present your thesis, outlining the main points you'll address in your speculation and setting the stage for the rest of your work.

Craft Your Body Paragraphs

In the main body, develop each point of your argument in separate paragraphs, providing evidence from the work to support your claims. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea or statement of the paragraph, then follow it with evidence from the original, such as quotations or textual survey, to illustrate and substantiate your point. Analyze each piece of evidence in relation to your thesis, explaining how it supports your interpretation of the source and contributes to your overall argument.

Conclude Thoughtfully

Finally, conclude your assignment with a thoughtful conclusion summarizing your arguments and reinforcing your thesis. Review the main points you've discussed in your paper, highlighting your key insights or discoveries about the text. Avoid introducing new information or arguments in your conclusion; reiterate the significance of your research and its broader implications for understanding the manuscript. End your work with a compelling closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on your reader and encourages further reflection on the work's meaning and significance. Shop for an essay for sale if both your schedule and budget are tight.

Is Your Literary Analysis Deadline Too Short?

Keep calm and use a professional service!

What Is a Literary Analysis Essay?

It is a type of academic writing that examines and interprets a work, such as a novel, poem, or play. It aims to delve into the deeper layers of the text to uncover its themes, characters, symbolism, and stylistic devices.

What Is the Purpose of a Literary Analysis Essay?

The purpose of this essay is to critically analyze a piece of literature, providing insights into its meaning, significance, and artistic techniques employed by the author. By dissecting the elements of the text, the paper seeks to understand how they contribute to the overall message or purpose of the work.

How to Start off a Literary Analysis Essay?

To start off such an essay, begin by introducing the work and its author, providing context for the research. Then, craft a thesis statement that presents your interpretation or claim about the source's meaning or significance. Finally, outline the main points you'll address in your document to guide the reader through your composition.

• the how-to section was made more specific;
• added FAQs.
• https://www.bucks.edu/media/bcccmedialibrary/pdf/HOWTOWRITEALITERARYANALYSISESSAY_10.15.07_001.pdf
• https://germanna.edu/sites/default/files/2022-03/Literary%20Analysis.pdf

• Craft and Criticism
• Fiction and Poetry
• News and Culture
• Lit Hub Radio
• Reading Lists

• Literary Criticism
• Craft and Advice
• In Conversation
• On Translation
• Short Story
• From the Novel
• Bookstores and Libraries
• Film and TV
• Art and Photography
• Freeman’s
• The Virtual Book Channel
• Behind the Mic
• Beyond the Page
• The Cosmic Library
• The Critic and Her Publics
• Emergence Magazine
• Fiction/Non/Fiction
• First Draft: A Dialogue on Writing
• The History of Literature
• I’m a Writer But
• Lit Century
• Tor Presents: Voyage Into Genre
• Windham-Campbell Prizes Podcast
• Write-minded
• The Best of the Decade
• Best Reviewed Books
• BookMarks Daily Giveaway
• The Daily Thrill
• CrimeReads Daily Giveaway

A Book Club of Two: The Time I Started a James Joyce Reading Group in College

Kristopher jansma on the special magic of reading “ulysses”.

I’d bought my copy of James Joyce’s Ulysses at a Barnes and Noble in Manhattan in 1999, the summer before I left for college, along with a stack of other novels that I was convinced my much-smarter classmates would have already read. How I even decided which novels those were, I am still not sure, but I carried that bronze Modern Library copy of Ulysses to college in Baltimore, and then it moved with me from dorm to dorm. In three years, I never opened it once.

Then one summer I packed it in a steamer trunk and brought it all the way to Oxford, where I had enrolled in a summer course focused on the works of Joyce… but even then, I failed to read it.

Over four weeks in that class, I’d enjoyed Dubliners and Portrait of the Artist and managed to keep up with our Irish professor’s lectures on secular epiphanies and Irish nationalism and unattached third person points of view—and then we turned to the mammoth, 768-page Ulysses . We attempted the opening section together, which he called “the Telemachiad,” but with each chapter I became more lost than before. Who was Buck Mulligan? Who was Kinch? What the hell were they talking about? Every line seemed like a cypher, or in some foreign language—sometimes they quite literally were.

Our professor seemed unsurprised that we weren’t getting into it, even after he gave us a schema that explained the themes and explained that Joyce’s contemporaries had been similarly puzzled, until he’d given them this guide. We settled in with these charts that paralleled the chapters back to Homer’s Odyssey , and perused the maps with the paths of the characters throughout Dublin on the day—June 16th—now known as “Bloomsday” in honor of this wonderful novel. He brought out a big green Gifford annotation and had us read it alongside the original text so that we could see all that was wrapped up inside.

But I couldn’t get into it. An international holiday was nice, I conceded, but what the hell is the point of a 768-page book that even the author’s closest friends needed to read with a cheat key?

Truly, the best way to experience Ulysses , our professor told us, was to hear it read out loud . We ought to go to Dublin next summer and hear it performed on Bloomsday, by genuine Irishmen like him—and then he treated us to a little taste.

He was right. As he read, “Stately, plump Buck Mulligan came from the stairhead, bearing a bowl of lather on which a mirror and a razor lay crossed,” the words were lifted by his lilting brogue. There was a rhythm, a music in it that I couldn’t see on the page. It had to be heard.

The following summer, in 2003, I did not go to Dublin, but returned to Manhattan to attend the MFA program at Columbia University. I was 21 years old and quickly discovering that most of my new classmates were much older than me, and I found it difficult to make many new friends there that first fall.

Then, in the winter, the administrator sent out an email to all of us writers, saying that they had some extra funding available to provide food and drinks to anyone who wanted to start a club of some kind. I thought back to my Joyce class at Oxford, and I wrote back, half-kidding, to ask if they’d pay for some Guinness and Jameson whiskey if I started a James Joyce Reading Group.

An hour later I had a signed letter granting me permission to use the department’s charge account at the Morton Williams grocery store across from the campus. They’d reserved me the biggest room on our floor in Dodge Hall and emailed the students to tell them to show up to read Ulysses out loud with me that Wednesday night.

A few days later, I walked into the room with my Modern Library copy and the Gifford annotation I’d picked up at Labyrinth Books that afternoon. In my bag was a six-pack of Guinness. Thank goodness I also had a big bottle of Jameson because there were nearly thirty classmates waiting for me.

We passed around the libations and I thanked everyone for coming. Suddenly I realized they expected me to lead this thing. How many times had I read Ulysses before, someone asked?

I explained that, oh no , I’d never even read it once. Just that I was very excited to dig in together.

I did my best to explain how we’d go about the project, at least as far as I’d managed to think it out… We’d go around the room and each person would read two pages of Ulysses out loud. Someone else would skim along as we went through the Gifford annotation and flag anything that sounded noteworthy.

When the two pages had been read, the other person would share the footnotes with us, and then we’d discuss a little and pass the books along to start in on the next two.

As you can imagine, it was slow going. But over the course of an hour, the group managed to get the old novel up and living. Together, we found the music in there again, albeit without the Irish accents.

We talked about the symbolism of Buck Mulligan’s bowl and the crossed mirror and razor. There was ample Irish slang to decode, and hidden references to catch everywhere: allusions to Irish history, to Christian dogma, to Greek myth, to Shakespeare. The book was tying together Xenophon, Hamlet, George William Russell, the prophet Malachai, the poetry of Yeats… it was all there, woven expertly into this tapestry of language.

At the end of the first night, we’d gotten through less than ten pages. Most people hadn’t yet gotten to read. But there was so much more ahead. We broke for the week and went home, a little tipsy, and I was happy.

I wanted to write like this, I thought. To dedicate long years to a huge novel filled with arcane secrets, deep knowledge. Something to be studied; something to be sung.

The following week, we’d lost about half the original crowd. A week after that we had six people. And then, by the fourth meeting, when I arrived with the booze and the books, it was just one guy waiting for me. His name was Michael.

Michael was a bit older than me, like everyone else, and I knew from class that he was a quiet guy, whose opinions came out rarely, but when they did, they came out with surprising passion. I liked him, a lot. And it seemed that he, alone, hadn’t given up on our project.

Disappointed, I asked Michael if he thought we should consider postponing, probably just cancelling it altogether. It seemed like the whole thing had been a kind of embarrassing failure after all. Initially, I had not expected very many people to be interested, but they had been. And then somehow, I’d blown it.

But Michael didn’t care. He shrugged and took a Guinness and the Gifford annotation and got ready. I opened Ulysses to where we’d left off and, just the two of us, we got to the end of the first section that night.

And we kept on going, meeting every week that we could for an hour, and sometimes longer. At some point I think we moved to a smaller room. Occasionally my other classmates would hear we were still going and say they were eager to dive back in again—but nobody ever actually came.

It remained a two-man reading group for the next 18 months. Michael and I filled our books with notes and scribblings and together we reached page 515 in our final meeting, about halfway through the “Circe” section.

I drew a little mark where we stopped, after a line delivered by Leopold Bloom, who is the central character of the novel:

Rosemary also did I understand you to say or willpower over parasitic tissues. Then nay no I have an inkling. The touch of a deadhand cures. Mnemo?

Like a lot of the novel, I have no idea what this means. Gifford’s annotation, as often is the case, explains very little:

• The idea that the “touch of a deadhand cures” was a common superstition at the time in Ireland for a way to get rid of warts by pressing them against a cadaver’s hand.

• Rosemary, according to Gifford, “symbolizes remembrance in the language of herbs.”

Who is Mnemo? What does that have to do with Rosemary? What is going on? The guide tells me that the Circe section is taking place in a brothel and represents, in a stage-play format for some reason, “a kaleidoscopic blend of real and imaginary happenings.” At 150 pages, it is the longest single section of the whole book, and probably one of the most narratively unclear.

Why? Why read an enormous, difficult book that refuses to make any sense? It was the same question I’d asked myself back in Oxford. I’m sure it was on the minds of my fleeing classmates, no fault to them—I can imagine many better uses of Wednesday nights than sitting around reading a book that makes very little sense, very slowly, while someone else offers footnotes that don’t generally make it much more readable.

Why keep on reading something you aren’t really understanding?

The James Joyce Reading Group helped me find a few answers, at least, to that question.

Because : you can find something beautiful even when you don’t understand it. Maybe especially when you don’t.

Because : Even when I didn’t understand Ulysses , since I’d started reading it, I’d noticed a little more music in my own writing.

Because : Rosemary symbolizes remembrance in the language of herbs. Because there’s a language of herbs . Because I knew a hundred new little things like that at the end of each night.

Because : During our reading sessions I scribbled down every little phrase that struck me as remarkable.

Dr. Eustace’s Private Asylum for Demented Gentlemen Every Friday buries a Thursday Begin to be forgotten for old sake’s sake Inquintessential triviality Lancinating lightnings Bells with bells with bells acquiring the absentminded war the name that we are told is ours it was blue o’clock the morning after the night before the secondbest bed Two multiplied by two divided by half is twice one Love laughs at locksmiths They floated, fell: they faded.

These, I copied onto the bookmarks I’d been using to keep my place in both the Ulysses and the annotation: a pair of postcards I’d bought in Oxford and never sent to anyone.

Reading them still makes me want to immediately run to the keyboard and begin typing.

Are they opening lines? Images? Are they titles? I’ve used one or two that way over the years.

But really, they’re poems.

Really, they’re reminders what any of us could do with just three or four or five words. Each one of them is worth the whole hunt, for me.

Besides all that, the James Joyce Book Club was a way to spend some time with a friend.

Michael and I didn’t talk about a whole lot outside of Joyce, but we didn’t really need to. Joyce gave us more than enough to talk about. Michael had a long-term boyfriend, I knew. Michael was a reader at the New Yorker , whose job was to pull through its unending slush pile looking for quality work. Of course, I asked him if he ever found any.

He told me that he’d read a few dozen submissions a day, and in the years that he’d been doing it he’d found maybe five stories worth passing up the chain. None of those had ever been published.

But he liked it. He was patient. He took his time with his own work and he took his time with other people’s. I’d never seen before what a truly rare thing that was—and in the many years since then I have hardly ever met another soul who could match it. It’s something I still aspire to.

Michael came to a reading I gave, many years later, of my first novel—which was about a pair of somewhat unreliable writers, mucking about with words like these, a pair of self-serious fools. It wasn’t 768 pages long, but I liked to think it had some music in it. In one scene, a character drinks in an Irish pub in an African village beneath a framed picture of James Joyce from his “rocking the eyepatch” era—my little nod to the picture from the cover of my Modern Library edition.

At the reading, I met Michael’s partner, at long last, and he met my wife. And we reminisced about our nights with Joyce. Neither of us had ever read past the spot where we’d stopped, way back then.

Just 253 pages left to go, I joked. We talked about trying to pick it back up again, but life had gotten busy—I wasn’t 21 anymore. My son had just been born, and it would be a while before I’d spend Wednesday nights doing much besides changing diapers. The last time I’d had a Guinness I had to sleep an hour afterwards.

But I keep Ulysses on the shelf in my office just beside the annotation, both postcards right where I left them, eighteen years ago now. I still look over those phrases I pulled out, when I’m craving some inspiration. It almost always lends a little. And one day, I’ll get to the rest.

Bloom’s journey through Dublin took him all of a day, but Odysseus was sailing around for twenty years, I reason.

Penelope waits.

They don’t call it a timeless work for nothing.

Kristopher Jansma

Previous article, next article.

• RSS - Posts

Literary Hub

Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature

Sign Up For Our Newsletters

How to Pitch Lit Hub

Advertisers: Contact Us

Privacy Policy

Support Lit Hub - Become A Member

Become a Lit Hub Supporting Member : Because Books Matter

For the past decade, Literary Hub has brought you the best of the book world for free—no paywall. But our future relies on you. In return for a donation, you’ll get an ad-free reading experience , exclusive editors’ picks, book giveaways, and our coveted Joan Didion Lit Hub tote bag . Most importantly, you’ll keep independent book coverage alive and thriving on the internet.

Become a member for as low as $5/month

The Spinoff

Books June 29, 2024

The sunday essay: the beginning of a book.

• Share Story

Claire Mabey’s early brush with evangelical Christianity sparked a life’s fascination with the power of stories – and the fuel to write her own.

The Sunday Essay  is made possible thanks to the support of Creative New Zealand.

Five years old

At Bethlehem College the carpet is a crowd of small, tight coils. That wiry nylon kind that pushes bumpy, red-purple divots into your little knees at mat time. There’s a vast crest of four chambers – blue and grey, a dove trapped in mid-flight in one corner, a crown in another – woven into the middle part of the carpet that flows through the wide hallway that smells new and unsure. I like the dove, and the pointy claw that looks like the Little Mermaid’s dad’s trident. 

My lunchbox is bright yellow with a black Batman symbol on the lid – the one with the wings spread out, more animal than man – and I am quietly thrilled by it every time I pull it out of my schoolbag.

“That’s a boy’s lunchbox,” says one of the girls who I know has a lot of sisters.  

No it’s not , I think. Is it?

I find a spot away from the girl with many sisters at the base of a tall tree – the kind with leaves like spears – and eat my Marmite and butter sandwiches on thin Molenberg bread with my back against the tree’s  trunk, watching the game of catch and kiss that is taking place right outside our classroom. 

When my sandwiches are eaten (all but the drying crusts) and my lunchbox hidden away again, I join in. The boy who lives near my house – with his mum and grandmother who own the fish and chip shop – catches me and puts his hand up the skirt of my uniform. I push him away. 

At the bus stop the next day, the same boy throws his arms around me and my schoolbag, and tells me he’s going to marry me. I know in that moment that I will be a nun. I will never get married, and I will live in a red brick house next door to another identical red brick house where my best friend Julia will live and she will also be a nun and our identical horses will live in the front yards of our brick houses and will be able to see each other over the garden wall and our gardens of tall flowers with petals as large as our faces. We will have Batman lunchboxes. We will have tall and protective trees. Our brick houses will be merry and impenetrable, like the third little pig’s.

At mat time the teacher whose hair is Marge Simpson’s only not as tall and not blue teaches us about God and his rules.

“This is a heart,” she says as she draws a red heart on the whiteboard with a whiteboard pen with a poisonous scent that I like. “When you lie,” she says, ”your heart starts to turn black.” She takes the black whiteboard pen and colours in her red heart until it is a shadow. “You must ask Jesus every night to let you into the kingdom of heaven. Pray every night to Jesus to help you not to lie so that your heart won’t turn black.”

We sing ‘I am in the Lord’s Army, Yippee’ before we go to our desks to learn how to draw letters on the envelope-sized grey notebooks with wide line spaces that I hold to my nose and smell, and turn the pages of, even when they’re blank.

At night, I pray in my narrow bedroom covered with fervent, floral Laura Ashley wallpaper that matches the Laura Ashley duvet cover even though black is my favourite colour. Because it is so black and covers white paper so boldly and so well. Not like the other colours where I can still see the white. Jesus doesn’t reply to my prayers but I imagine him watching from the clouds in the sky where he lives with his father, God. Jesus has a brown beard and sad eyes (God has a white beard and fierce blue eyes) and I know I never want him to get down from the clouds, ever. Because another teacher at Bethlehem College told us that if Jesus, who is also his father God, ever did show up he’d be so holy and his light would be so bright and strong that we’d probably die. Right there in front of him. Hello Jesus. Hello God. Too holy. Dead. 

So my first prayer in my bedroom at night is to ask Jesus-God that I be let into his kingdom. My second prayer, like a little voice inside parenthesis, is to ask that they never show up at school or at home because I don’t want to die.

Seven years old 

I am sent to pray for myself in the resource room. 

I had brought to school a new pencil with a troll on the end of it, eager to show it off, stroke my chin with its shock of magenta hair while I sat at my wooden flip-top desk, daydreaming.

“That is an evil object,” said my teacher with her face alarmingly close to mine. Her hair is a wild dark cloud that matches the unruly strips of eyebrow above her damp, fearful eyes. My tiny troll with its blazing teardrop hair. My hair is bright red. Was I evil too?

The resource room is a magical place. Quiet, people-free, breathing with books and pencils and manilla folders, and notebooks and the smell of fresh dust, almost rain. Paper, stilled and waiting. I wander the dark room feeling at once at home and on the edge of danger. Circling hell with my devilish toys and wishes against God and the lies making soot bloom over my heart. I find a book about a grandmother who had magic enough to swell cabbages to the size of cars, and another about a witch called Bad Jelly. They are banned books and in that dark room we are quiet and banned together.

Seven-and-a-half years old 

I don’t know it yet but I am soon to be transferred away from Bethlehem College and into a small, Steiner-ish school that will have Medieval-themed weeks and a horse in a paddock. But before I am rescued, my class is ushered into the standard six classroom with the older kids who are near adult enormous. I can’t wait to be that old and tall and loud. 

The teachers shut the curtains. They shush the buzzing excitement that rises from the floor of the darkened classroom where we sit on the tough nylon carpet, knee to knee. The smell of us. Our crumbs and breath. One of the big girls walks tall around the edge of the huddle, to the front – to the carpet stage – and settles herself there on a stool, poised and large with stately pauses. She tells us a story about a girl who was sad, and so frightened, especially at night. This girl was lost in the dark until one night her bedside lamp turned on. All on its own! The big girl’s eyes are wide-serious, her hair straight and gleaming blond. She talks like an adult with authority and withholding. She tells us that the girl’s lamp turned itself on and shone its light directly onto her bible which was open on her bedside table though the girl could have sworn it had been nowhere near her bedroom. The bible was open on a page and on that page, Jesus told the girl things that made her feel better. And, said the big girl, that girl was me. This happened to me.

I am arrested by awe. Jesus can sneak into bedrooms with his own book that his father God wrote about him and flip through its pages so thin they are like a layer of skin to find his favourite and most comforting passages, and place it open, just so. Like a ghostly magician Jesus flicks on a bedside lamp while in the very same moment disappearing himself back to the clouds, where he can watch the girl read. Of course if he’d stayed the girl would be dead because of how powerful holy he is.

Thirty-seven years old

Thirty years later I start writing a children’s novel. I’m not sure what it’s about, only that I trust the characters who arrive whole, like visions: one young woman is shy at first, hardly talks – she lives inside a walled community, is forced to copy out books all day and is told that it’s all for “Prime” who inspires both awe and fear. One day she realises that she is remarkable: when she writes, pictures appear on her skin. But such a bewildering display of inner life is forbidden, and so she has to run away. She is helped by a prickly friend, and she is helped by trees.

My other lead character is a young woman who is a bookbinder; and she is restless and craves adventure and stories. Her favourite colour is black. A world grows around my characters – I feed the book ideas and it responds by changing them, or embellishing them, or rejecting them entirely and offering something else back to me. In this world there is a fear of books and a love of books, and a fear of young women and their wild potential, and a need for young women and their wild potential; there are stories designed to keep people in their place, stories that land in hearts and spread like stubborn smudges.

I write my novel, thinking I am primarily inspired by the Medieval period in which literacy was scarce, in which King James I published both the Bible and Daemonology in an attempt to scapegoat the fragile and the homeless and the women, and offer a framework within which to point at those people and observe the devil at work.

I write conscious trees into this world, thinking I am inspired by Medieval nun Hildegard von Bingen who had radical ideas about God and nature, who talked about greenings, and who had a vision of a cosmic egg that looks like a magical vulva with moving parts, like a time machine. 

I write an impossible garden that grows on the walls of a very strange but comforting house. I create artwork for the windows of a formidable building: crests with symbols – not a crown or a dove, but a book, and hands with eyes open in the palms.

I write a Green Woman who is so far gone in nature she’s a goddess: unpredictable, amoral, vengeful, fun. 

I write a sprightly unmarried aunt who I think is inspired by my favourite novel about a spinster aunt who is in fact a witch that sleeps among beech trees and argues happily with the devil in a grove of apple trees. 

I write magical books that help and comfort my young characters on their quest to peer into the dark of the adults around them and find the light that must be there. 

I write a trickster book that appears and disappears, and that requires readers to think carefully about everything it tells them. And I write a shadow of a book that cultivates fear and lies and ill consequences. 

I write rebellion and reinvention.

I enjoy writing my book because when I read it I am lost in it until I don’t think that I have written it at all. It is like my subconscious has stolen into my room and turned on a light that shines on a story that talks to me and reassures me that I am not bad, or alone. 

When I finish writing I hand my manuscript in and I cry. I don’t read it for weeks. Until the proofs come back and I read it and am consumed by the kind of fear that adults cultivate in their most selfish and self-conscious moments. When I was five I was effortless and convinced of my stories, like me and my best friend will be nuns and live in brick houses with horses in the front yard. At thirty-eight I am painful to myself about this book that I have written because I turn upon it the adult eye: blue-cold as old God in the clouds. I stare down at the book I’ve written with its thoughtful trees, its troubles, its tensions between poisonous stories and the stories that show freedom. And I judge it and wonder if it will be let into the kingdom. 

And through my judgement I see the story that lives right underneath my book, in the roots.

I have written a story that seeded when I was five years old sitting on hard nylon carpet being told my heart would turn black if I lied. A story that began with a sturdy, unjudging tree that cradled my back while I ate from my Batman lunchbox that was confusingly unfit; it began when I was told that Jesus would have to listen to me beg him to let me into his kingdom, and that he had the power to sneak into bedrooms and turn on lights and accidentally kill children with his holiness. My story began all the way back when I was banished with my troll-topped pencil to a dark room full of interesting books as magical as a child’s open mind – Bad Jelly and the one about the grandmother who could swell cabbages. 

My brief entanglement with the fear-mongering tactics of evangelical Christianity had a lasting effect on my understanding of stories and their power. Not that Bethlehem College was the end of me and Christianity. There was still the art history degree, and the Catholicism of one side of my extended family who infused me with ghosts and saints and eating the flesh of Jesus and drinking his blood; and the icon of St Joseph who was placed in a tree to keep the rain away from my cousin’s funeral (it did not rain); and the conversations with my Nana who lost her mother and her child and her grandchild and how, in the face of all that pain, the Virgin Mary visited her and my Nana did not die of holy light but was comforted by it.

And the Greek Orthodox nuns I stayed with for a while on their mountain monastery in Larissa and picked weeds out of their gardens and listened to their stories about growing marijuana “for the soil”, and their kindness to anyone who needed some. They never talked to me about Jesus or God or prayer or what would happen if I lied. Maybe I was too obviously unholy by then. But they were more afraid of corporations than of hell. 

Last summer in St Winifred’s Church in the village of Branscombe, Devon – a coastline famous for its histories of pirates and smugglers – my five-year-old son and I watched an enormous ginger cat bat and claw at a shrew that squeaked through its slow death. Speechless, my son looked to me with eyes bright and wavering, blue as God’s. I cuddled him and told him this is simply what cats do. There are many more shrews. Perhaps the cat is hungry. We can’t judge it or stop it.

The church smelled of pine needles and the Medieval period. There were Norman bricks exposed in the wall and bright embroidered cushions of strange designs in the shiny wooden pews. The cat hid the limp shrew in the pile of children’s toys in the back corner of the church then marched out the heavy wooden door – above which a family of swallows tittered and shat – proud and bushy tailed. A shock of moggy fur ruffled with a day’s murder.

And eventually my son laughed at the cat despite the bruising of what he’d seen it capable of. He survived his first experience of death. We decided we liked the church and its interesting layers of stone and its embroidery and its killer cat. We walked through a dense and welcoming forest on the way home, oxygenating our blood with its greenings, and talked about the colour black and how much we liked it. We made up stories about a pirate cat who lives in a church and eats shrews for dinner.

The Raven’s Eye Runaways by Claire Mabey ($25, Allen & Unwin) is out on 2 July, and can be pre-ordered on BookHub and at Unity Books . The book release party is at Unity Books Wellington on 3 July, 6pm with Elizabeth Knox launching the book. All welcome.

The Spinoff Review of Books is proudly brought to you by Unity Books and Creative New Zealand. Visit Unity Books online today.