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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Power Sharing

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science Political Science Power Sharing. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Power Sharing.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

Case Study 1:

Belgium, a Western European nation, stands as a testament to the successful implementation of a democratic system in a diverse and multilingual society. Its political structure is characterized by federalism, granting significant autonomy to its regions and communities. The country has three official languages: Dutch, French, and German, reflecting its rich cultural tapestry. At the heart of Belgium’s democratic setup is a constitutional monarchy, where King Philippe holds a symbolic position, with real political power resting in the hands of elected representatives. Belgium’s federal parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate.

The country’s unique system accommodates regional parliaments in Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels, enabling decisions that respect linguistic and regional differences. Proportional representation ensures fair political participation, making Belgium an exemplary model of democratic governance amidst diversity.

Q1) How Belgium was able to avoid conflict between different communities living there? Mark 2

Answer The arrangement Belgium worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model-

Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.

Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments of the two regions of the country.

Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.

Q2) Define term civil war? Mark 2

Answer A violent conflict between opposing groups within a country that becomes so intense that it appears like a war.

Case Study 2:

Sri Lanka has grappled with a protracted community conflict, primarily between the Sinhalese majority and the Tamil minority. This multifaceted issue traces its roots back to historical grievances, ethnic tensions, and political complexities. The conflict, marked by a brutal civil war that lasted for nearly three decades, resulted in immense suffering and loss of life. While the armed conflict officially ended in 2009, deep-seated issues remain. Reconciliation efforts continue to address historical injustices, rebuild communities, and foster a sense of national unity. The path to lasting peace and harmony is complex, requiring a delicate balance of political will, social integration, and the recognition of diverse identities. Sri Lanka’s community conflict serves as a reminder of the challenges in reconciling historical wounds and forging a collective future, emphasizing the need for sustained efforts towards peace and coexistence.

Q1) How the concept of power sharing could have prevent civil war in Sri Lanka? Mark 2

Answer Power sharing could have helped in resolving conflict by following way-

Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order

Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Q2) what was the role of India in Sri Lanka community conflict? Mark 2

Answer India has historically played a significant role in the Sri Lanka community conflict. In the 1980s and 1990s, India intervened militarily in support of Tamil separatists. Later, it supported peace initiatives and sought a diplomatic resolution to the conflict. India’s role continues to be influential in promoting stability and reconciliation in Sri Lanka.

Case Study 3:

Panchayati Raj, a decentralized system of local self-governance in India, is the cornerstone of grassroots democracy. Established by the 73rd Amendment Act in 1992, it empowers villages and small towns by devolving political, administrative, and financial authority to elected representatives at the Panchayat (local council) level. This system comprises three tiers: the Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti (block level), and Zila Parishad (district level). It aims to address local issues, promote rural development, and enhance citizen participation.

Panchayati Raj has not only improved service delivery and infrastructure but also empowered marginalized communities, particularly women and scheduled castes, in the decision-making process.

Over the years, Panchayati Raj has contributed to local development, social justice, and fostering a culture of democratic participation, making it an essential tool in India’s journey toward inclusive governance.

Q1) What kind of power sharing is demonstrated by Panchayati raj system in India? Mark 2

Answer Power can be shared among governments at different levels –

a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called federal government.

Q2) What are the benefits of having three tier governance in the country? Mark 1

Answer The benefits of Panchayati Raj in India include grassroots democracy, improved local governance, increased citizen participation, targeted rural development, empowerment of marginalized communities, and more efficient service delivery. It enhances transparency and accountability while ensuring that local needs and concerns are addressed effectively.

Q3) Mention some disadvantages of power sharing? Mark 1

Answer Delays decision making process ,Increase instability and indivisiness etc are some of the disadvantages of power sharing.

Case Study 4:

India, the world’s largest democracy, stands as a prime example of successful power sharing in a complex and diverse society. Its democratic structure is built on the principles of federalism, separation of powers, and decentralized governance. At the heart of India’s power sharing model is a multi-tiered system comprising the central government, state governments, and local self-governing bodies. This federal setup enables power to be distributed among various levels of authority, ensuring that regional and cultural diversities are respected and represented. The Indian Parliament embodies the separation of powers, with the executive, legislative, and judicial branches functioning independently to maintain checks and balances. Additionally, state governments hold significant authority over subjects in the State List, further enhancing power sharing.

Local self-governing institutions, known as Panchayats and Municipalities, play a pivotal role by devolving power to the grassroots level, promoting citizen participation, and addressing community-specific issues.

Q1) What are the types of power sharing practice by India? Mark 2

Answer India following different kind of power sharing mechanisms that are as below

Power sharing among different organs of government like legislature, executive and judiciary

Power sharing at different levels of government like Central Government, state government and local self government

Power sharing among different social groups

Power among political parties and pressure groups

Q2) Why power sharing is important in democracy? Mark 2

Answer Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order

Case Study 5:

Power sharing is a fundamental pillar of any thriving democracy, embodying the essence of representative government. It serves as a safeguard against the concentration of power in the hands of a few, ensuring that the voices and interests of diverse communities are heard and respected. Firstly, power sharing fosters inclusivity. It enables marginalized groups, minorities, and various political parties to participate in decision-making, preventing the dominance of a single group or individual. This fosters social cohesion and reduces the risk of conflicts in heterogeneous societies. Secondly, it promotes accountability and transparency. When power is distributed among different branches of government, each serves as a check on the other, reducing the likelihood of corruption and abuse of authority. In summary, power sharing is the bedrock of democratic stability and harmony, providing a framework where all citizens have a stake in their nation’s future, and no single entity holds absolute authority. It paves the way for a more just and equitable society.

Q1) How power sharing is practiced in India? Mark 2

Answer In India, power sharing is practiced through a federal system where authority is divided between the central government and individual states. The country also practices power sharing through its multi-party democracy, with regular elections allowing various political parties to share power based on popular mandate. Additionally, India has a system of reservations for historically marginalized communities, ensuring their participation in governance.

Q2) Write Advantages and disadvantages of power sharing? Mark 2

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Case Based Questions - Democratic Politics - II

In a democracy, we are most concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision making, that affects them all. Therefore, the most basic outcome of democracy should be that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Some people think that democracy produces less effective government. It is, of course, true that non- democratic rulers are very quick and efficient in decision making and implementation, whereas, democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. So, some delay is bound to take place. But, because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both more acceptable to the people and more effective. Moreover, when citizens want to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures, they can find this out. They have the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. This is known as transparency. This factor is often missing from a non- democratic government. There is another aspect in which democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives: democratic government is legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive, or clean. But a democratic government is people’s own government.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:

Q. People’s right to choose their own rulers is called as the:

Right to Initiate

Right to Plebiscite

Right to Vote

Right to Referendum

Q. _________ make/s the government legitimate.

Credibility of politicians

People’s movements

Free and fair elections

Holding of powers

Q. Decisions in a democracy are more acceptable to the people because they are:

Taken swiftly and implemented quickly

Taken by giving privileges to the people

Taken through elites’ votes

Taken after following due processes

Q. Which of the following options helps in promoting transparency in the governance?

Right to education

Right to information

Right against exploitation

Right to speech and expression

If democracies are expected to produce good governments, then is it not fair to expect that they would also produce development? Evidence shows that in practice many democracies did not fulfil this expectation. If you consider all democracies and all dictatorships for the fifty years between 1950 and 2000, dictatorships have slightly higher rate of economic growth. The inability of democracy to achieve higher economic development worries us. But this alone cannot be the reason to reject democracy. As you have already studied in economics, economic development depends on several factors: country’s population size, global situation, cooperation from other countries, economic priorities adopted by the country, etc. However, the difference in the rates of economic development between less developed countries with dictatorships and democracies is negligible. Overall, we cannot say that democracy is a guarantee of economic development. But we can expect democracy not to lag behind dictatorship in this respect. When we find such significant difference in the rates of economic growth between countries under dictatorship and democracy, it is better to prefer democracy as it has several other positive outcomes.

Q. Between Democracies and Dictatorships, who had slightly higher rate of economic growth?

Democracies

Dictatorships

None of them

Q. What is meant by economic inequality?

It is a situation of equal distribution of wealth.

It is the unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.

It is the distribution of wealth on the basis of gender.

It is the distribution of wealth on the basis of education.

Q. Which development depends on country's population, size, global situation and co-operation from other countries?

Social Development

Financial Development

Economic Development

Political Development

Q. The difference in the rates of economic development between less development countries with dictatorships and democracies is:

Slightly noticeable

The passage states that "the difference in the rates of economic development between less developed countries with dictatorships and democracies is negligible."

Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives. Parallel to the process of bringing individuals into the political arena on an equal footing, we find growing economic inequalities. A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. Not only that, their share in the total income of the country has been increasing. Those at the bottom of the society have very little to depend upon. Their incomes have been declining. Sometimes they find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, house, education and health. In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities. The poor constitute a large proportion of our voters and no party will like to lose their votes. The situation is much worse in some other countries. In Bangladesh, more than half of its population lives in poverty. People in several poor countries are now dependent on the rich countries even for food supplies.

Q. Democracies are based on political _______.

consequences

transparency of political acts and process in general.

Q. How the share of poor people affects the total income of a democratic country?

None of these

Q. People in poor countries are dependent on the rich countries for ___________.

All of the above

Q. Which country’s more than 50% population lives in poverty?

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 Power Sharing in English and Hindi Medium updated for current academic session 2024-25. The question answers of 10th Political Science chapter 1 is modified and revised as per the new NCERT textbooks published for 2024-25 exams.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 (Political Science) in PDF form free to download updated for new academic session 2024-25. Download Apps for Android as well as IOS for online and Offline use based on latest NCERT Textbooks and new CBSE Syllabus.

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Exatra Questions Class 10 Civics Chapter 1

Why was the minority french speaking community relatively rich and powerful.

In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, the French speaking people are in majority. The power has been into the hands of French people for a longer period and benefitted them for economic development and education. The French speaking population was better read, more qualified and had access to more resources than the native Dutch population. The French were part of an aristocracy of trades man and thus were financially strong.

How do pressure groups and interest groups share power in democracy?

Pressure groups and interest groups share power with the government indirectly. (i) Interest groups such as those of trader’s businessman industrialist’s farmers and industrial workers have a direct share in government power through participation in government committees. (ii) They also bring influence on the decision making process of the govt.

What do we learn from the two stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka?

We learnt following things from the example of Belgium and Sri Lanka: (i) In Belgium the leaders realized that the unity of the country is possible only by respecting the interests of different communities and religious. (ii) Such a realisation resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power. It helped to avoid civic strife between two communities and a possible division of the country. (iii) Sri Lankan example shows us that if a majority community wants to force it dominance over others and refused to share power, it can undermine the unity of the country.

The basic principles of power sharing are: (i) Government of different political parties i.e. a coalition Government. (ii) Protection of minority rights. (iii) Decentralisation of power. (iv) To avoid conflicts

1. Give an example of power shared among different social groups? 2. Which community in Belgium is relatively rich and powerful? 3. Which language is spoken by 80 of people in Brussels? 4. Which religion is followed by majority of Sinhala speaking people? 5. Which two main languages are spoken in Belgium? 6. Name any two countries with which Belgium share borders. 7. How many amendments have been made in the constitution of Belgium between 1970 and 1993? 8. Which is the official religion of Sri Lanka? 9. What is the main reason for the killing of thousands of Sri Lanka people and loss of their live hoods? 10. Which language is spoken by the people of Wallonia region of Belgium?

1. The community govt. of Belgium 2. French Speaking 3. French 4. Buddhism 5. Dutch and French 6. France and Luxem 7. Four 8. Buddism 9. Civil war 10. French

Important Questions on Class 10 Civics Chapter 1

The mayor of merchtem, a town near brussels in belgium, has defended a ban on speaking french in the town’s schools. he said that the ban would help all non-dutch speakers integrate in this flemish town. do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of belgium’s power sharing arrangements give your reasons in about 50 words..

This measure is not in keeping with Belgium’s power sharing arrangements. The arrangements seek to maintain peace between the French and Dutch-speaking communities. By banning French, the mayor will cause civil unrest. Both the languages should be made acceptable in the town’s schools. This bilingual education system will be a better way to integrate the people of the town.

State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

A prudential reason for power sharing is that it leads to an avoidance of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order. In India, seats have been reserved in legislatures for the socially weaker sections keeping in mind this prudential reason for power sharing. A moral reason for power sharing is that it upholds the spirit of democracy. In a truly democratic setup, the citizens too have a stake in governance. In India, the citizens can come together to debate and criticise the policies and decisions of the government. This in turn puts pressure on the government to rethink its policies and reconsider its decisions. This active political participation is in keeping with the moral reason for power sharing.

What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Different forms of power sharing in modern democracies: Horizontal division of power: It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government. The division of government into the executive, the legislature and the judiciary is an example of horizontal division of power. In such a power sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercise different powers. This separation of powers ensures that no organ exercises unlimited power. Each organ checks the others, thereby putting in place a system of checks and balances. The division of power between the Council of Ministers headed by the Indian Prime Minister, the Parliament of India and the Indian Supreme Court is an example of this kind of power sharing. Vertical division of power: It is the sharing of power among governments at different levels — a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. For example, in India, the Constitution defines the way power is to be shared between the Central or Union government and the various State governments. There are certain matters on which only the Central government can take decisions, while there are others on which only an individual state government has an exclusive right for decision making. Division of power among social groups: Power can also be shared among different groups which differ socially. The system of ‘community government’ in Belgium is an example of this type of power division. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community (Dutch, French and German-speaking), and has the power to take decisions regarding cultural, educational and language related issues. The system of reserved constituencies in India is another example. Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political parties are the organisations which aim to control power by contesting elections. In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among the various contenders for power (the different political parties or the different alliances comprising political parties). Such a freedom of choice entails competition among the different parties, which in turn ensures that power does not remain in one hand, and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups. Pressure groups and movements also share governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or by influencing the decision-making process.

Why is power sharing desirable? Explain a three forms of powers sharing in modern democracies with example.

To reduce the possibility of conflicts between different social groups and ensure political stability power sharing is desirable. Different forms of power sharing are as under. Horizontal distribution of power is shared among different organs of government such as Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. Vertical distribution of power. Power can be shared among governments at different levels such as central Govt; state Govt. and Local Govt. Power may also be shared among different social groups. Ex. Religious and linguistic groups, community government in Belgium etc. Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power-sharing

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 contains all the questions with detailed solutions. Students are advised to practice these questions for better understanding of the concepts given in the chapter.

April 14, 2024

Table of Contents

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1: In Chapter 1 of Class 10 Social Science Civics, titled “Power-sharing,” the NCERT Solutions help students understand how power is divided in democracies. They explain how different parts of the government share power to prevent it from being controlled by only a few people or groups.

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The solutions discuss various ways power can be shared, like between different branches of government. They also give examples from different countries to explain these concepts. By studying these solutions, students can learn how power-sharing promotes democracy, includes everyone, and protects the interests of different groups in society. These solutions are a helpful resource for students to understand and do well in their exams.

CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2024-25

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 : Power-sharing PDF

You can access the PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1: “Power-sharing” by clicking on the link provided below. This PDF contains comprehensive solutions to all the questions and exercises in the chapter, helping students understand the concepts of power-sharing in democracies better.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 : Power-sharing

Below are the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1: “Power-sharing”. These solutions provide detailed explanations and answers to the questions presented in the chapter.

By referring to these solutions, students can enhance their understanding of power-sharing in democratic societies and improve their knowledge of the subject. These solutions serve as a helpful resource for exam preparation and self-study, aiding students in grasping the concepts effectively.

Exercises Page No. 10

1. What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Different forms of power-sharing exist in modern democracies:

Horizontal distribution of power : Power is shared among various organs of government, including the legislature, executive, and judiciary. For instance, India follows this model.
Federal division of power : Power can be divided among governments at different levels, such as a central government for the entire country and regional governments. India’s Union Government and State Governments exemplify this arrangement.
Community government : Power-sharing may extend to different social groups, such as religious and linguistic communities. Belgium provides an example of this form of power-sharing.
Power-sharing among political parties, pressure groups, and movements : Competition among these entities ensures that power is not concentrated in one entity’s hands. Over time, power is distributed among different political parties representing diverse ideologies and social groups.

2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Prudential reasons advocate that power-sharing leads to improved outcomes. In India, power is distributed horizontally among different branches of government. The Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary share responsibility for governing the country. Additionally, reservation policies are implemented to provide benefits to various sections of society, thus mitigating conflicts.

On the other hand, moral reasons underscore the inherent value of power-sharing. In India, citizens are endowed with fundamental rights, and directive principles of state policies guide government actions. This ensures that governance is not only effective but also morally grounded in principles of equality and justice.

3. After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words. Thomman – Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions. Mathayi – Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions. Ouseph – Every society needs some form of power-sharing, even if it is small or does not have social divisions.

Every state ought to embrace some form of power-sharing. By distributing power among various segments of society, power-sharing fosters a harmonious balance. This equilibrium reduces the likelihood of conflicts and promotes fairness. Power-sharing emerges as a fundamental democratic value. Moreover, it serves as a mechanism to uphold political stability.

4. The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate into this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power-sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

The decision made by the Mayor of Merchtem to prohibit French-speaking in the town’s schools near Brussels is unjust. It goes against Belgium’s power-sharing model, which aims to maintain equilibrium among various societal groups. In Belgium, it’s crucial to uphold the power-sharing arrangement between the Dutch and the French to prevent social unrest. Banning the French language could exacerbate tensions and fuel civil discord. To foster harmony among diverse communities, the Mayor should advocate for a bilingual education system in the town’s schools.

5. Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this. “We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”

The prudential reason in the given passage is – “Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency.”

6. Different arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power-sharing. Identify those which are in favour of power-sharing and select the answer using the codes given below. Power-sharing:

reduces conflict among different communities
decreases the possibility of arbitrariness
delays the decision-making process
accommodates diversities
increases instability and divisiveness
promotes people’s participation in government

G. undermines the unity of a country

7. Consider the following statements about power-sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.

In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community.
In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority.
The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power-sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
The transformation of Belgium from a unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.

Which of the statements given above is correct?

(a) A, B, C and D

(b) A, B and D

(d) B, C and D

8. Match List I (forms of power-sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists.

9. Consider the following two statements on power-sharing and select the answer using the codes given below.

A). Power-sharing is good for democracy.

B). It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

Which of these statements are true and false?

(b) Both A and B are true

Power-sharing Summary

Chapter 1 of the NCERT Social Science Civics textbook – Democratic Politics-II introduces students to the concept of power-sharing in a democracy. This system enables the government to distribute its responsibilities and powers across various levels.

In India, the legislature, executive, and judiciary are distinct organs that share the authority to govern in different capacities. Class 10 students will explore various forms of power-sharing, illustrated through examples from countries like Sri Lanka and Belgium.

Topics covered include:

Comparative analysis of Belgium and Sri Lanka
Examination of majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Discussion on accommodation in Belgium

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 FAQs

Power-sharing ensures that no single individual or group monopolizes power, thus preventing tyranny and promoting inclusivity in decision-making.

By allowing diverse groups to have a say in governance, power-sharing fosters mutual understanding, reduces conflict, and promotes cooperation among different communities.

Yes, power-sharing can prevent conflicts by accommodating the interests of various groups, addressing grievances, and ensuring equitable representation, thereby reducing the likelihood of marginalized groups resorting to violence or agitation.

In India, power-sharing is based on a federal division of power between the central government and state governments, while in Belgium and Sri Lanka, power-sharing involves accommodating linguistic and ethnic diversity.

Examples include India's federal system, Belgium's linguistic community governments, and Sri Lanka's accommodation of Tamil ethnic minority rights.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

NCERT Solutions
Social Science Democratic Politics
Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Mastering Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics Chapter 1: Power Sharing PDF Download

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Important Topics Covered Under NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

A quick glance about the topic .

Usually, In a democratic country, power does not keep in a single organ of government.

To design a democracy, It is important to share the power among the legislature, judiciary and executive.

Belgium is a small European country located on the border of the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. Its land space and population are lesser than Haryana.

Before 1940’s and 1950s, 40% of the minority French speaking population were rich and getting good education while compared to 60% of the majority Ductch speaking population.

In the capital of Belgium, the French population is 80% and the dutch population is only 20% . So conflict arose.

In Srilanka 74% of population are singala speaking people, 18% are tamil speaking population. The tamil speaking population even have two subdivisions as,Srilankan tamils and Indian tamils. Here, the Sinhala speaking population are buddhists, Tamil speaking populations are either Hindu or Muslims.

In 1956, an act was passed as Sinhala is the only official language by degrading tamil. So, the Tamil speaking population lost their opportunity to serve in government jobs. So conflict arose.

The Tamil speaking community stood against the government to receive their opportunity. Later it turned into a civil war. Thousands and Thousands of people shed their lives.

But Belgium recognized the differentiation in culture and diversity. The government started giving equal rights to both the people in both central and state governments and created a community government.

These measures avoided civic strife among the two communities.

So, power sharing reduces conflicts among two communal groups.

Majorities won’t suppress the minorities. Both the communities will have equal economic growth.

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (Civics) Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

1. What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Ans: The different forms of power sharing are:

Horizontal Division of Power - Sharing of power between different departments of government, example, power sharing by the executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. Here, power sharing arrangement, different departments of government, placed at the same level use different powers. This kind of separation makes sure that none of the departments use unlimited power.

Vertical Division of Power - Sharing of power at different levels in a government. Example, a government for the whole country, and a government for the state. In India, it is the Central Government, State Government, Municipality, Gram Panchayat etc. The Constitution helps in laying down powers of different levels of government.

Division of Power among Different Social Groups - Power can be shared among different groups which are different from religious groups. ‘Community Government’ in Belgium is an example of this kind of power sharing. Reserved constituencies in India are also another example. This kind of arrangement is used for fair share in power.

Division of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements - In contemporary democracy such a division takes the form of competition among different parties, which in turn ensures that power does not remain in one hand and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups.

2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Prudential Reason: Power sharing helps in reducing the conflict between various social groups. So, power sharing is necessary for maintaining social harmony and peace. In India, seats are reserved for weaker sections. Example: reservation of seats for SC and ST. This helps weaker sections to contribute in running the Government.

Moral Reason: It holds the spirit of democracy. In a democratic setup, the citizens too have a stake in governance. The citizens in India come together to debate the policies and decisions of the government, this will put pressure on the government to rethink about the policies and its decisions.

3. After reading the chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reason in about 50 words.

Thomman - Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religions, linguistic or ethnic divisions.

Mathayi - Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.

Ouseph - Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.

Ans: Ouseph’s statement is quite logical, hence, should be agreed on. Any society requires power sharing even if it is small.

In a democratic society, members or citizens participate and acquire stake in the system. Power sharing prevents conflict between any two groups, it also generates a sense of belongingness in the society.

Power sharing helps in maintaining a balance of power in various institutions, irrespective of type of society and its size people will be satisfied where they have a role to play in decision making.

4. The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that this’ measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements? Give your reason in about 50 words.

Ans: No, this measure was not related to Belgium’s power sharing arrangements. The arrangements seek to maintain peace between the French and Dutch speaking communities. Both French and Dutch languages will be made acceptable in town’s schools. Bilingual education system is a better way to integrate the people.

5. Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.

“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realize the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”

Ans: The prudential reason for power sharing offered in the above passage is giving power to panchayats. It is a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency.

6. Different arguments are usually put forth in favor of and against power sharing. Identify those which are in favor of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below? Power sharing:

Reduces conflict among different communities

Decreases the possibility of arbitrariness

Delays decision making process

Accommodates diversities

Increase instability and divisiveness

Promotes people’s participation in government

Undermines the unity of a country

7. Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.

A. In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community.

B. In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority.

C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.

D. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A, B, C and D

A, B and D

C and D

Option d) B, C and D

Q8. Match list I (forms of power sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:

9. Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below:

Power sharing is good for democracy.

It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

Which of these statements are true and false?

A is true but B is false

Both A and B are true

Both A and B are false

A is false but B is true

Option b) Both A and B are true.

NCERT Civics Class 10 Chapter 1 - Questions Overview

Vedantu is the master of providing all materials in the format of a PDF and they are available on the world wide web as well. Materials being available offline makes sure that students can access them without the connection of the internet as well. Sample questions along with solutions make sure that the student can prepare much better from the examination perspective.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power-Sharing

In chapter 1 Civics Class 10, there are many different kinds of sharing of power in the democracies which are modern. The questions in vedantu can answer these. The horizontal dividing of the power is all about the power-sharing among the organs of the government and as an example, it can be said that sharing is done by that of the Judiciary, Legislative, and Executive. The module goes on to describe that during this type of sharing of power arrangement there are many organs of that of the government that have been placed at an equal level by exercising multifarious powers. This kind of separation makes sure that the organs of the government can be able to exercise the power which is unlimited hence checking one another.

There is also the vertical division of power and therefore is a system of sharing of power for that of the government at many different levels. As an example, it can be said that the government in general for that of the whole country along with the governments which are at the regional or the provincial levels. It is in India that one refers to the same as the Central Government, Municipality, State Governments and Gram Panchayat etc.

NCERT Questions on the Reasons for Power-Sharing in Class 10

The answer to this question begins with that of a prudential reason as the sharing of power helps in the reduction of conflict among many of the social groups. This is the reason why the sharing of power is extremely important for the maintenance of harmony in society along with that of peace. In the Indian context, there are seats that are preserved for that of the weaker sections in society. As an example, it can be said that the seats and their reservation for that of the Scheduled tribes and scheduled castes. This will be allowing the weaker sects to be able to participate in the running of that of the government.

There is also a moral reason which is that the spirit of democracy is upheld by this kind of a system of reservation. In a setup that is truly democratic, the ordinary citizens also have a say in the government. In a country like that of India, its citizens may be able to come together to debate and critique the decisions and the policies of that of the government. This can grill the government into taking the right decision for the sake of the entire nation.

All information has been provided on the Vedantu website with as much lucidity as possible. The solutions are given in a way that students are able to understand and score higher than they normally would.

Exploring the Reasons for Power-Sharing: NCERT Questions in Class 10

Prudential reason: sharing power helps reduce conflicts among different social groups, leading to harmony and peace in society. in the indian context, reserved seats for weaker sections like scheduled tribes and scheduled castes allow them to participate in the government's functioning. moral reason: power sharing upholds the spirit of democracy. in a truly democratic setup, ordinary citizens have a voice in the government. in countries like india, citizens can come together to debate and critique government decisions and policies, encouraging the government to make decisions that benefit the entire nation. vedantu's website: vedantu provides comprehensive information on power sharing, explaining the concept with clarity. the solutions provided on the website are designed to help students understand the topic and improve their scores. , ncert solutions for class 10 social science political science chapter 1.

The subject of Social Sciences is very vital in standard 10. It is the combined mix of Economics, Political Science, Geography, and History. Students will have to be laying emphasis on the same so that they are able to score their personal best in the extremely crucial board examinations. Democratic Politics is something that is also very very important since it provides us with the idea in regards to how a government is working.

NCERT Class 10 Social Science (Democratic Politics) Other Chapters Solutions PDF

Chapter 2 - Federalism

Chapter 3 - Democracy and Diversity

Chapter 4 - Gender, Religion and Caste

Chapter 5 - Popular Struggles and Movements

Chapter 6 - Political Parties

NCERT Class 10 Social Science Books Available for

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science - Understanding Economic Development

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science - India and the Contemporary World - II

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science - Democratic Politics

Summary of Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Chapter 1 of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Democratic Politics mainly focuses on a system called power-sharing in a democracy. This system allows the government to share its powers and responsibilities among different levels. In India, the judiciary, executive, and legislature are the different organs that share powers to successfully run the government. In this chapter, the students will learn different forms of power-sharing with examples of Sri Lanka, Belgium, and more.

Below are the key concepts discussed in this chapter.

Belgium and Sri Lanka

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka

Accommodation in Belgium

Why is power sharing desirable?

Forms of power-sharing

You can download the free pdf version of this solution available on Vedantu’s website to secure good marks in the exam.

Studying and understanding the concept of power sharing in Chapter 1 helps students grasp the importance of power distribution in maintaining a democratic system. It enables them to appreciate the principles of democracy and the significance of inclusive governance in fostering harmony and stability. In NCERT Solutions Class 10 Democratic Politics Chapter 1 – Power-sharing provided by Vedantu consists of solutions to the exercises given in the Civics book (Democratic Politics-II). Students will mostly find questions that are related to the vertical division of power-sharing among different levels of government in this chapter. The answers to all questions provided are written in a simple and easy-to-understand way which will surely help the students to score high marks in the exam.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

1. How accurate is Vedantu’s information for a student preparing for the boards for Civics Class 10 Chapter 1 especially for power-sharing Class 10?

The answers that Vedantu is offering are accurate enough as per the guidelines set by the NCERT. The teachers involved have curated the modules passionately so that children can learn and understand from the same. They are detailed yet very easy to comprehend while making it sound interesting so that students can feel refreshed after a session of learning and not unduly taxed.

2. Can Vedantu help a student fetch better marks at NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1?

This platform is a multiservice online learning portal where the chapters and the modules have been curated in a way that students can understand as well as practice for their boards. The answers have been written and fleshed out by experts in the field who have a lot of experience and know-how it is better for a child to be learning at the stage where they currently are. This is what empowers the platform to be in turn empowering the students with knowledge.

3. What is power sharing according to Chapter 1 of Class 10 Social Science?

Power-sharing is a concept introduced in Chapter 1 of Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics. It involves both a horizontal and a vertical sharing of power. In the horizontal form, power is exercised by different organs of the government at the same level while in vertical sharing, a hierarchy system is followed. Power sharing forms an important aspect of democracy and ensures no organ of the government exercises unlimited power.

4. Why is power sharing so important according to Chapter 1 of Class 10 Social Science?

As has been mentioned previously, power-sharing is a pillar upholding the values of Indian democracy, which is why it is considered so important. Horizontal power-sharing is explained by talking about organs of the government and the autonomy they hold. It can be said that sharing is done by that of the Judicial, Legislative, and Executive organs of the government. In contrast to this, vertical power-sharing is explained via the relationship between the Central and State Governments.

5. What are the different forms of power sharing Vedantu?

Vedantu is a reliable resource that can be trusted with providing accurate answers to questions. In Vedantu NCERT CBSE Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics Chapter 1 Solutions, two major types of power-sharing have been discussed alongside two subcategories. In modern democracies, horizontal and vertical sharing of power is seen hand in hand with power-sharing between different groups and political parties. All of these are important in maintaining peace in a democracy like India.

6. What does Chapter 1 of Class 10 Social Science consist of?

Chapter 1 of NCERT Social Science in Class 10 is a mix of Economics, Political Science, and History. A basic idea of democratic politics and its infrastructure is provided to students here so that they have some insight into how the Indian government operates. The first chapter focuses solely on talking about the distribution of power in the government and is of extreme importance for board exams.

7. Is Democratic Politics difficult to understand?

With the help of Vedantu's NCERT Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics Chapter 1 Solutions, even the most difficult concepts are explained to students in a simplified manner. You should be able to understand all the information presented to you in this chapter of Democratic Politics as long as you go through the solutions provided in the link. Make sure to read the chapter at least twice or thrice. The PDFs of the NCERT Solutions are also available on the Vedantu app free of cost.

NCERT Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics Chapterwise Solutions

Ncert solutions for class 10 social science, cbse study materials.

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Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re looking for CBSE Class 10 Social Science case study questions, myCBSEguide provides all the resources you need. We have a wide range of Class 10 Social Science case studies covering various topics, and our team of experts is on hand to provide guidance and support to Class 10 students. Whether you’re struggling with a particular topic or just need some extra help, myCBSEguide is the perfect place to turn.

Purpose of Class 10 Social Science

Up to the secondary level of schooling, social science is a core course. It is an essential component of a general education because it assists Class 10 Social Science students in comprehending the environment as a whole and acquiring a broader perspective as well as an empirical, reasonable, and humanitarian outlook. This is critical because it helps Class 10 Social Science students into well-informed and responsible citizens with the required qualities and skills to effectively engage and contribute to the process of development and nation-building.

Case Study Questions in Class 10 Social Science

Class 10 social science curriculum includes a wide range of topics. One way to help students learn and retain information from these topics is to incorporate case studies into the classroom. Case studies can provide real-world examples of the concepts being taught, and help students to understand how the theory can be applied in practice.

Incorporating case studies into the Class 10 social science curriculum can also help to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By working through a case study, Class 10 social science students can learn how to identify key issues, consider different options and make decisions. These skills will be valuable in their future studies and careers.

Whichever way case studies are used, they can be a valuable addition to the Class 10 social science curriculum.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

Students must solve a range of Class 10 Social Science case study questions in order to achieve good grades in Social Science. Students in Class 10 Social Science must be looking for some samples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has collected a variety of case study questions for Class 10 Social Science that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We’ve put created a collection of Class 10 Social Science case study questions for you.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Class 10 HISTORY: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them. The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it. Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. She bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the Statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Who was Frederic Sorrieu?

French artist
German Artist
Italian Artist
British Artist

In which year did Frederic Sorrier prepare a series of four prints?

Which of the following statements correctly describes “absolutist”?

Monarchical Government
Democratic Government
Uncentralised Government
Bureaucratic Government

Which of the following is correct with respect to “utopian vision”?

Homogenous society
Monarchical society
Ideal society
All are correct

Answer Key:

(a) French artist
(a) Monarchical Government
(c) Ideal society

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 2

Class 10 GEOGRAPHY: Lifelines of National Economy

Read the extract and answer the question that follows:

We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air. Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.

Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

Explain the necessity of means of transport in modern times. (1)
Enumerate the domains and means of transport. (2)
Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? (2)
The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air.
Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport.
(Any two relevant points)
Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of India and to fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
Goods and services do not move from supply locations to demand locations on their own. This necessitates the need for transport.
Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and take them to the consumers by transportation.
Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movements over space.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Class 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE: Power-sharing

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group.
Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

India, Srilanka
Belgium, Sri Lanka
Wallonia, Brussels
Flemish, Wallonia
Which of the following is not the element of “Belgian model”?
Equal number of ministers for both the groups
Setting up of Community Government
More power to the central government
Equal representation at the state and central level
“Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government”. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to this?
The unique government is Community Government
A single social group is given powers to handle community-related affairs
Elected by people belonging to Dutch, French and German-speaking
Power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues
Which of the following title best describes the given passage?
The ethnic composition of Belgium
Accommodation in Sri Lanka
Accommodation in Belgium
The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka
(b) Belgium, Sri Lanka
(c) More power to central government. [Explanation: Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.]
(b) Single social group is given powers to handle the community-related affairs. [Explanation: A community government is one in which different social groups are given powers to handle community-related affairs.]
(c) Accommodation in Belgium

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 4

Class 10 ECONOMICS: Development

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Besides seeking more income, oneway or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All of these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things. Consider an example: If you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Opportunity to learn
Working atmosphere
Job security
All of the above
The approach of living a life in bungalows, with costly cars, bikes and international tours is ________ life.
Materialistic
Both a and c
“Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfil a mix of goals.” Which of the following statement is incorrect with the given statement?
A secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
If there is respect for women, there would be greater acceptance of women working outside.
If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
“Besides seeking more income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others”. What does the given statement signify?
Mixed goals are important for people for development.
Common goals are important for people for development.
Conflicting goals are important for people for development.
Similar goals are important for people for development.
(d) All of the above
(a) Materialistic
(c) If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases. [Explanation: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.]
(a) Mixed goals are important for people for development.

Class 10 Social Science curriculum at a glance

The material of the Class 10 Social Science curriculum is mostly drawn from history, geography, politics, and economics. There are also elements of Sociology and Commerce. They provide a holistic vision of society in space and time, as well as in relation to one another. The numerous methods of inquiry used in each topic assist Class 10 Social Science students in understanding society from various perspectives and forming a comprehensive vision. Class 10 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of various disciplines like History, Geography, Economics and Political Science.

The table below provides the complete syllabus structure for Class 10 Social Science curriculum.

Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CONTENT

Reasons to choose myCBSEguide for class 10

There are many reasons to choose myCBSEguide for CBSE social science Class 10.

First and foremost, myCBSEguide provides comprehensive and up-to-date study material for the entire syllabus including class 10 social science case study questions. In addition, myCBSEguide also provides practice questions, sample papers and previous year question papers to help students prepare for the exams.
Another reason to choose myCBSEguide is the online tests. Online tests are a great way to test your knowledge and prepare for the exams.
Finally, myCBSEguide also provides a “Home Work help” forum where students can ask questions and get answers.

In conclusion, myCBSEguide is the ideal resource for CBSE social science Class 10 students, offering everything they need to excel in their studies.

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Civics - Class 10

Democratic politics ii, chapter 1: power-sharing.

Power-Sharing class 10 is the 1st chapter from NCERT Civics textbook. Here in this chapter, we will first start by discussing the introduction of the chapter, followed by class 10 power sharing question answer.

Introduction

The solutions to the exercises in the Civics textbook, Democratic Politics-II, are included in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 - Power-sharing. Students will mostly encounter power sharing class 10 question answers in this chapter that deal with the vertical distribution of power among various levels of government. These power sharing solutions offer all of the answers in a clear and understandable manner. The students' ability to achieve good scores will undoubtedly be improved by writing these power sharing solutions in the exam.

Intext Questions:

Question 1: i have a simple equation in mind. sharing power = dividing power = weakening the country. why do we start by talking of this.

It ensures that people coming from different spheres have ‘say’ in the government.
It also ensures that maximum people can participate in the government making decision more democratic.
It also helps in reducing conflict between different social groups hence, make country more powerful.

Question 2: Look at the maps of Belgium and Sri Lanka. In which region, do you find concentration of different communities?

In case of Belgium, there are two major linguistic groups 1) French speaking people and 2) Dutch speaking people. Most of the French speaking people live in the Wallonia (Northern) region while Dutch speaking people live in the Flemish (Southern) region. The capital city has a ratio 4 : 1 of the French and Dutch speaking people. The German speaking people live in the eastern Belgium.
In Sri Lanka, Sinhalese cover a wider region. Except or the northern and eastern central region and a small region in the southern Sri Lanka, Sinhalese liver throughout the country. Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the northern and eastern coastal region. Indian Tamils are concentrated in the northern, central and southern regions. Muslims have sporadic distribution throughout the country.

Question 3: What’s wrong if the majority community rules? If Sinhalas don’t rule in Sri Lanka, where else will they rule?

In democracy, it is a known fact that the government is run by the majority. But majority does not mean only the majority in numbers based on religion or community. In its true sense, majority means majority of opinion. Sometimes, majority community may also have part in majority opinion. So, if majority rule is based on opinion it is never a problem to minorities.
Of course, Sinhalas form the majority community of Sri Lanka and it should have bigger share in the government. But, it does not mean that other’s do not get proper representation. If it is so, it will not be a true democracy.

Question 4: What kind of a solution is this? I am glad our Constitution does not say which minister will come from which community.

Answer: Yes, Constitution does not say which minister will come from which community; this is because of the secularism. Secularism means that there will be no role of religions, community in the work of the country. Our constitution has given the ideas of equality, fraternity and brotherhood. It was in the ancient time, leaders would come from communities. Our India is a democratic country and it has proclaimed itself as a secular country. Our India doesn't want to disrespect with the other religions.

Question 5: So you are saying that sharing of power makes us more powerful. Sounds odd! Let me think.

Advantages of power sharing are:

It is very effective in the long run as chances of disputes and conflicts among majority and minority is lowered.
It maintains stability in the political order by balancing power distribution.
It ensures democracy in a country as powers are distributed.
It reduces conflicts between diverse social groups and communities.
It helps in maintaining a balance of power between the different organs of the government and reduces concentration of power in single organ or body.

Question 6: Annette studies in a Dutch medium school in the northern region of Belgium. Many French-speaking students in her school want the medium of instruction to be French. Selvi studies in a school in the northern region of Sri Lanka. All the students in her school are Tamil speaking and they want the medium of instruction to be Tamil. If the parents of Annette and Selvi were to approach respective governments to realize the desire of the child who is more likely to succeed? And why?

Answer: The parents of Annette are most likely to succeed as in Belgium, the community government is elected by the people belonging to one language community- Dutch French or German speaking. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues. Whereas the parents of Selvi may not get succeeded in Sri Lanka. Here education is taken care of by the central government. And for common people, it is almost impossible to consult the central government and solve such a problem.

Question 7: can you help poor Vikram in answering Vetal?

As per Abraham Lincoln, democracy is a government “of the people by the people and for the people”. But it doesn’t mean to make a situation that can cause disturbances and blood sheds in the society. It is based on “live and let live”. So if there is an agreement among different communities to the country on the basis of fixed power sharing among them, it is right. There is no need to rewrite the rule.

In Lebanon, sticking to the agreement is giving Universal franchise. If the rules of the Lebanon is providing all the people to caste vote and contest elections as per agreement of power sharing among different communities, I would not adopt the ‘regular’ rules followed everywhere, as Khalil suggests. I would stick to the rules made after agreement among different communities. I don’t need to do something else.

Question 8: Recently some new laws were made in Russia giving more powers to its president. During the same time the US president visited Russia. What according to this cartoon, is the relationship between democracy and concentration of power? Can you think of some other examples to illustrate the point being made here?

Democracy is for the people by the people and of the people. Democracy, in general represents the will of the common people. But when the power is concentrated in a particular hand, in a democratic government, this individual outlasts the will of the common people. In the cartoon same situation has been shown where democracy is run by a few people, power is concentrated in their hands and they act according to their will without considering the welfare of the general people.
Other bad examples of democracy are: Pakistan, there is an elected democratic government but this is not the true representation of the will of the people. Once elected, the power- carrying men run the government as per their wishes. Iraq was another example where democracy was being run in an autocratic manner.

Question 9: In my school, the class monitors changes every month. Is that what you call a power sharing arrangement?

Answer: Changing of class monitor every month cannot be called a power sharing arrangement. Because, in power sharing arrangement, different institutions and different groups which exercise their power and check the actions of each other through their power. This power sharing arrangement is also called a system of checks and balances.

Question 10: Here are some examples of power sharing. Which of the four types of power sharing do these represent? Who is sharing power with whom?

This is an example of power sharing among different organs of the government.
Here the power is shared between the judiciary and the executive.
This is an example of sharing of power among different social groups.
Here, the power is shared between the aboriginals and other social groups.
Political parties pressure groups and movements control or influence power.
Here, the power is being shared between SPS and the liberal Yabloko movement. This is an example of power sharing arrangements in the way
This is an example of power sharing among governments at different levels.
Here, the power is being shared between federal and state governments and also among the state governments

Question 1: What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Power is shared among the different organs of the government such as the legislature, executive, and the judiciary in a democratic government. In this kind of power-sharing arrangement, one can exercise unlimited powers in their own sphere. Each organ has its own powers, and it can also check the powers of others. So this results in a balance of power among the various institutions. This is called the horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of the government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.

Under this, people choose separate governments at separate levels, for example, a general local government for the entire country and local governments at the provincial, sub-national or regional levels. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called a Federal government.

In countries like Belgium where multi ethnic societies exist, power is also shared among social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and the administration.

Democracy provides citizens with a choice to choose their rulers. In a democracy, power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups, and movements. This chance is provided by the various political parties, who contest elections to win them. In democracy, such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.

Question 2: State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context.

For example, in India seats in the assemblies and parliament have been reserved. This arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups. In addition to this minorities have been granted special fundamental rights.

A true democratic government is one where citizens participate and acquire a stake in the system. Thus, moral reasons emphasize the very act of power-sharing as valuable. In India, people elect their representatives every five years or earlier. People have also been granted the right to information, another move towards democratic society.

Question 3: After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words. Thomman — Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions. Mathai — Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions. Ouseph — Every society needs some form of power-sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.

Some power-sharing is always needed to give voice to all, and representation to all the members of the country.
Power-sharing solutions are adopted to maintain stability in the system, and peace among various groups to ensure the smooth functioning of the system, irrespective of the size of the country.

Question 4: The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate into this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power-sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

It is against the spirit of accommodating every linguistic group, and creating a right environment for everyone to live. This ban can possibly create division of the community on linguistic lines.

Question 5: Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this : “We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”

Answer: Power sharing to local self governments strengthens democracy. In this way power sharing will help to reduce the possibility of conflicts among different social groups in the village. There will be no violence and political stability will be established. As a result of it there will be peace and the village may make progress in different fields. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.

Question 6: Different arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power-sharing. Identify those which are in favour of power-sharing and select the answer using the codes given below. Power-sharing : reduces conflict among different communities. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness. delays the decision-making process. accommodates diversities. increases instability and divisiveness. promotes people’s participation in government. undermines the unity of a country.

Answer: (a) A, B, D, F.

Question 7: Consider the following statements about power-sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka : In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority of people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community. In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power-sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs. The transformation of Belgium from a unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines. Which of the statements given above are correct? A, B, C, and D A, B, and D C and D B, C, and D

Answer: (d) B, C, and D. (A) is incorrect - In Belgium the power sharing problem arose because the Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.

Question 8: Match List I (forms of power sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:

Answer: (c) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C.

Question 9: Consider the following two statements on power-sharing and select the answer using the codes given below : Power sharing is good for democracy. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Which of these statements are true and false? A is true but B is false Both A and B are true Both A and B are false A is false but B is true

Answer: (b) Both A and B are true.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

19th January 2024

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics (Political Science) Chapter 1 Power Sharing help students to score good marks in the exams. These NCERT Solutions are prepared by expert teachers best on the latest NCERT Books. Here we have provided answers to all the questions in a very easy language.

Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing Questions and Answers

Question 1: What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Answer: The different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are:

1. Horizontal division of power: This involves sharing power among different organs of the government, such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Each organ functions independently and checks the others. For example, in the United States, the powers are divided among the President (executive), Congress (legislature), and the Supreme Court (judiciary).

2. Vertical division of power : Power is shared among different levels of government – the central or federal government and the state or provincial governments. In India, for instance, power is divided between the Central Government and various State Governments.

3. Division of power among social groups : In countries with diverse communities, power may be shared among different linguistic, ethnic, or religious groups to ensure representation and autonomy. The system of ‘community government’ in Belgium is an example of this type of power division. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community (Dutch, French and German-speaking), and has the power to take decisions regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

4. Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements : In modern democracies, power is also shared among political parties, pressure groups, and movements. Political parties compete in elections and, when successful, form governments to exercise power. Pressure groups and movements play a vital role by advocating for specific interests and causes, influencing policies, and holding governments accountable. For example, in India, political parties like the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) compete in elections and share power when they form governments at the central or state levels. Additionally, various pressure groups and movements, such as farmers’ unions and environmental organizations, play a significant role in influencing government policies and decisions.

Question 2: State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Answer: One prudential reason for power sharing in India is to maintain social stability and prevent conflicts among diverse communities. For example, India practices power sharing by granting autonomy to states, which helps accommodate linguistic and cultural diversity and prevents regional tensions.

One moral reason for power sharing is to uphold democratic values and ensure representation of all citizens. India’s reservation system, which allocates political representation to marginalized groups like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, reflects this moral aspect of power sharing, promoting social justice and inclusivity.

Question 3: After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

Thomman− Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguisticor ethnic divisions.

Mathayi − Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.

Ouseph − Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does nothave social divisions.

Answer: Ouseph’s statement is the most logical, and thus, should be agreed on. Power sharing not only prevents conflict between various groups in the society but also inculcates a sense of worth in the citizens. The people will be more satisfied with the government if they have a say in the decision-making process.

Question 4: The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

Answer: The ban on speaking French in schools in Merchtem raises questions about the spirit of Belgium’s power-sharing arrangements. Belgium is a country with multiple language communities, and its federal structure is built on the principle of linguistic and cultural autonomy. Such a ban could be seen as undermining this principle by restricting language use. Promoting integration is important, but it should be done while respecting Belgium’s linguistic diversity and constitutional framework.

Question 5: Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.

“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy − in the hands of the people. Given power to panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”

Answer: One of the prudential reasons for power sharing mentioned in the passage is the reduction of corruption and increased administrative efficiency. The passage suggests that giving power to panchayats allows people to participate in planning and implementing development schemes, which, in turn, can eliminate corrupt middlemen and make the system more efficient.

Question 6: Different arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power sharing. Identify those which are in favour of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below? Power sharing:

A. reduces conflict among different communities B. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness C. delays decision-making process D. accommodates diversities E. increases instability and divisiveness F. promotes people’s participation in government G. undermines the unity of a country

Question 7: Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.

(a) In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community.

(b) In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority.

(b) The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power-sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.

(d) The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) A, B, C and D (b) A, B and D (c) C and D (d) B, C and D

Answer: (d) B, C and D

Question 8: Match list I (forms of power sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:

Question 9: Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below:

A. Power sharing is good for democracy. B. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

Which of these statements are true and false?

(a) A is true but B is false (b) Both A and B are true (c) Both A and B are false (d) A is false but B is true

Answer: b. Both A and B are true

More study materials for CBSE Class 10

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Ch 1 Power Sharing Civics

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1: Power Sharing

Ncert solutions for class 10 political science (civics) chapter 1 - power sharing are available here in pdf for free download. check these ncert solutions to get the best explained answers to help you score good marks in your school and board exams..

NCERT Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics Chapter 1 - Power Sharing are explained in the best and simplest manner to help you easily understand the concepts related to the distribution of power among various political and social groups in the country. These NCERT solutions will help you get better in the subject and lay a foundation for performing well in your board exams. You can read all the answers from below or download them in PDF from the link provided in this article.

Check below the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1:

NCERT Solutions Class 10

Social Science - Political Science

Chapter 1: Power-sharing

1. What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies are:

(i) Power-sharing in different forms of government : Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. It is also termed as horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. For example, The distribution of power between Indian Parliament (legislature), the council of ministers headed by chief ministers (executive) and Courts of India.

(ii) Power-sharing among various levels of governments : The power is shared among governments at different levels– a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. This is also called the federal division of power. Under this the Constitution clearly lays down the power of each level of government. For example, In India, power is shared among three levels of government which are Central government, State government and the local governments.

(iii) Power-sharing among different social groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. For example, in India, reservations are made for the socially weaker sections of society in legislatures and bureaucracy.

( iv) Power-sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements control or influence those who are in power. Different political parties contest elections for power which ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.

Also Check: CBSE Class 10 Social Science Syllabus 2020-2021

2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Prudential reason: It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. In India, the power is shared horizontally among various organs of government. Also, reservation is applicable in India, where various sections are given benefits over others to avoid conflicts.

Moral reason: It helps to uphold the spirit of democratic structure of a country. In India, citizens can come together to criticise and oppose any particular policies of the government so that the government is put under pressure to reconsider its decisions.

3. After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words. Thomman – Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions. Mathayi – Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions. Ouseph – Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.

We agree with the Ouseph’s conclusion as it is the most logical one. Every society should have some or the other form of power-sharing. Power-sharing ensures the right balance between different sections in the society. It not only prevents conflict between various groups in the society but it also generates a sense of belongingness among them to the society. Hence, power-sharing helps to maintain the spirt of democracy.

No, the measure of Mayor of Merchtem to ban the speaking of French language in the town’s schools near Brussels is not keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power-sharing arrangements. Power-sharing helps to maintain a balance between different sections of the society, and in Belgium, there is a need to maintain the power-sharing between Dutch and French to avoid clashes between both the groups. Banning French will only cause the civil unrest. So, to promote peace among different communities, the Mayor should promote the bilingual education system in the town’s schools.

Also Check:

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English

The prudential reason in the given passage is – “Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency.”

A. reduces conflict among different communities

B. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness

C. delays the decision-making process

D. accommodates diversities

E. increases instability and divisiveness

F. promotes people’s participation in government

Answer: (a) A B D F

7. Consider the following statements about power-sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.

(a) In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community.

(b) In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority.

(c) The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power-sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.

(d) The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) A, B, C and D

(b) A, B and D

(d) B, C and D

Answer: (d) B, C and D

9. Consider the following two statements on power-sharing and select the answer using the codes given below:

A. Power-sharing is good for democracy.

B. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

Answer: (b) Both A and B are true

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Class Notes

Free Class Notes & Study Material

Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing – Notes & Study Material

Last Updated on July 3, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

1 Important Terms
2 Important Notes
3 Power Sharing
4 Consequences of majoritarian policies adopted by the Sri Lankan Government
5 Vertical Division of Power
6 Difference in Power Sharing of Belgium and Sri Lanka :
7 The Main Elements of the Power Sharing model evolved in Belgium :

Important Terms

Community Government: Community government is an elected body by the people belonging to one language, one culture or any common property no matter where they live.

Civil War: A war which is fought between different groups of people who live in the same country.

Check and Balances: A system, in which each organ of the government checks the others, which results in a balance of power among various institutions.

Coalition Government: A government formed by the union of two or more political parties.

Democracy: A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Ethnic: A social division based on shared culture.

Federal Government: A general government for the entire country is usually called federal government.

Horizontal Distribution of Power: Power is shared among different organs of government such as Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.

Indian Tamils: The Tamilians whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial rule and settled in Sri Lanka are called ‘Indian Tamils’.

Legislature: A kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend and repeal laws.

Legitimate Government: A legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a stake in the system.

Majoritarianism: Under majoritarianism, majority community rules the country in its own way by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority.

Power Sharing: The division of power between different stages of government, different organs or different communities in a country in order to ensure the smooth running of the government and to check that all powers are not concentrated within one hand.

Prudential: Based on prudence, or on a careful calculation of gains and losses. Prudential decisions are usually contrasted with those decisions based purely on moral considerations.

Pressure Groups: Pressure groups are those organisations that attempt to influence the policies of the government to safeguard their own interests.

Sri Lankan Tamils: Tamil natives of Sri Lanka are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’.

Vertical Division of Power: Distribution of power between higher and lower levels of government such as between Central and State Governments.

Important Notes

Power sharing.

When the power does not rest with any one organ of the state rather it is shared among legislature, executive and judiciary it is called power sharing. The two stories from Belgium and Sri Lanka tell us about how democracies handle demands for power sharing.

In Belgium French speaking community was in minority in capital Brussels but they were relatively richer and powerful. The Dutch got the benefit of education much later. This led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s. In the capital city of Brussels the situation was worse. The Dutch speaking people constituted majority in the country but minority in the capital.

Sri Lanka also has diverse population like Belgium. – Sinhala speakers -74%, Tamil speakers- 18%. Among the Tamils there are two sub-groups – Tamil Natives and Indian Tamils. Tamil Natives are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ – 13%; the rest whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers are called ‘ Indian Tamils’ . Most of the Sinhala speaking people are Buddhists while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. Christians are about 7%. Sinhalese enjoyed majority and imposed its will on the entire country.

When Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948, the leaders of the Sinhala community tried to dominate and took some ‘majoritarian measures’ such as recognition of Sinhala as the official language, preferences given to Sinhala.

Ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex :

(i) Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent live in the Flemish region and speak the Dutch language.

(ii) Another 40 % of people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.

(iii) Remaining 1 % of the Belgians speak German.

(iv) In the capital city Brussels, 80 percent of people speak French while 20 percent are Dutch speaking.

Consequences of majoritarian policies adopted by the Sri Lankan Government

(i) Tamils felt the government was not sensitive about Tamil language and culture.

(ii) Tamils felt discriminated against in jobs and education.

(iii) Tamils felt the government was practicing religious discrimination.

(iv) Relations between Tamils and Sinhalese became strained.

Majoritarian measures adopted by the Sri Lankan Government to establish Sinhala supremacy or provisions of the Act which was passed in Sri Lanka in 1956 to establish Sinhala supremacy or were the reasons for the alienation of Sri Lankan Tamils because

(i) Government adopted majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala Supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil.

(ii) The governments followed preferential politics that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.

(iii) A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

(iv) Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture.

(v) As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained overtime and it soon turned into a Civil War.

The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional and cultural diversities:

(i) They amended their Constitution four times so as to work out an innovative arrangement that would enable everyone to live together in peace and harmony, i.e., there was sharing of power between the Dutch and the French both in the Central Government, State Government and Community Government. They followed a policy of accommodation.

(ii) This helped to avoid civil strife and division of the country on linguistic lines.

(iii) On the other hand, the Sinhalese who were in majority in Sri Lanka as compared to the Tamils followed a policy of majoritarianism and adopted a series of measures to establish Sinhala supremacy by passing an Act of 1956. These measures alienated the Tamils leading to civil strife between the two communities.

Power sharing is desirable in democracy because :

(i) Prudential reasons :

(a) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.

(b) It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

(c) Imposing the will of the majority, community over others may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation.

(ii) Moral reasons :

(a) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effect.

(b) People have the right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Vertical Division of Power

Vertical division of power means sharing of power among governments at different levels.

In India, there are three levels of the government:

(i) For the entire country : Central Government/Union Government.

(ii) At the provincial level : State Governments.

(iii) At the local level (i.e., rural and urban) : Local self governments like panchayats and municipal councils.

Power is shared between different organs of the government such as legislature, executive and judiciary. This system of power sharing is referred to as a system of ‘checks and balances’ because :

(i) All three organs are placed at the same level of power.

(ii) The power distribution ensures that no organ enjoys unlimited powers.

(iii) Each organ exercises a check on the others.

Power is shared among different organs of government i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary.

(i) Legislature: The legislature is concerned with passing the laws, controlling the finances of the state and delivering on the matter of public importance.

(ii) Executive: The executive machinery implements the policies of the government and executes the rules made by the legislative bodies.

(iii) Judiciary: The judiciary is concerned with the interpretation of the laws and has the power to punish those who commit crimes or break the laws. The judiciary can also check the functioning of the executives.

Difference in Power Sharing of Belgium and Sri Lanka :

(i) In Belgium, the government does not follow preferential policies in matters of jobs and education. In Sri Lanka, the government follows preferential policies in matters of government jobs and education.

(ii) In Belgium, there is a special government called ‘Community Government’ to look after the cultural, educational and language related issues. In Sri Lanka, the major political parties are not sensitive to the language and culture of the Tamils.

(iii) In Belgium, there is no discrimination between different religions. In Sri Lanka, Buddhism is the official religion.

The Main Elements of the Power Sharing model evolved in Belgium :

(i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.

(ii) Many powers of the central government have been given to State Governments of the two regions of the country. The State Governments are not subordinated to the Central Government.

(iii) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.

(iv) Apart from the central and the state governments, there is a third kind of government called the Community Government.

(v) The community government is elected by people belonging to one language community—Dutch, French and German speaking. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language issues.

About Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Author of this website, Mrs. Shilpi Nagpal is MSc (Hons, Chemistry) and BSc (Hons, Chemistry) from Delhi University, B.Ed. (I. P. University) and has many years of experience in teaching. She has started this educational website with the mindset of spreading free education to everyone. In addition to this website, author also has a Youtube channel, here is the link Class Notes Youtube Channel

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NCERT Solutions for Class-10 Civic Chapter-1: Power-Sharing

Power-Sharing – Class 10 NCERT Solution discusses that power-sharing is a fundamental principle of democracy. It is the process of sharing power among different social groups, political parties, and regions of a country. Power-sharing is important because it ensures that all groups in a society have a say in how they are governed. It also helps to prevent conflict and promote harmony among different groups. Our Top Social Science Experts prepare these NCERT Solutions to take care of all Important Topics that might be asked in the upcoming examination 2024-2025. So, Students can refer to these solutions for their final Examination preparation.

These Class-10 Political Science Chapter – 1 Power-Sharing NCERT Solutions are carefully developed using easy-to-understand language while adhering to the guidelines for solving NCERT Solutions for Class 10. Working through these solutions can be highly beneficial for students in their board exams and preparing for future competitive Exams.

NCERT Solutions Class-10 Political Science Chapter-1: Power-Sharing

Exercises pages no 10, 11, 12, q1. what are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies give an example of each of these..

Different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are: Federalism : Power is divided between a central government and regional governments. Example: The United States, where power is shared between the federal government and individual state governments. Separation of Powers : Power is distributed among different branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) to prevent concentration of power. Example: France, where the executive, legislative, and judicial branches operate independently of each other. Checks and Balances : Each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of other branches, ensuring that no one branch becomes too powerful. Example: The United States, where the President can veto legislation passed by Congress, but Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote. Coalition Government : Multiple political parties cooperate to form a government, often necessitating compromise and power-sharing agreements. Example: Germany, where coalition governments are common due to the proportional representation electoral system.

Q2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Prudential Reason for Power Sharing Power sharing fosters stability by accommodating diverse interests. In India, federalism manages linguistic and cultural diversity, preventing conflicts. Example: India’s federal system allows states autonomy, accommodating diverse needs and contributing to national unity. Moral Reason for Power Sharing Power sharing upholds democratic principles of equality and inclusivity. India’s reservation system allocates opportunities to marginalized groups, promoting fairness. Example: India’s reservation system addresses historical injustices, providing opportunities for marginalized communities and aligning with principles of social justice.

Q3. After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

Thomman – power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions., mathayi – power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions., ouseph – every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions..

I agree with Ouseph’s conclusion. Power sharing is essential in all societies, regardless of size or social divisions. It promotes inclusivity, prevents concentration of power, and promotes stability by accommodating diverse perspectives. Even in homogeneous or small societies, power sharing ensures democratic governance and equitable representation.

Q4. The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

No, the ban on speaking French in schools contradicts Belgium’s power-sharing arrangements, which aim to accommodate both Dutch and French-speaking communities. Such a measure undermines linguistic diversity and inclusivity, hindering integration rather than promoting it. Power sharing should respect and protect the linguistic rights of all communities.

Q5. Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this. “We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”

The prudential reason for power sharing offered in this passage is to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. By decentralizing power to the grassroots level through Panchayati Raj, it is argued that people’s participation in decision-making and implementation would lead to greater transparency and accountability, ultimately reducing corruption.

Q6. Different arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power sharing. Identify those which are in favour of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below? Power sharing:

A. reduces conflict among different communities, b. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness, c. delays decision making process, d. accommodates diversities, e. increases instability and divisiveness, f. promotes people’s participation in government, g. undermines the unity of a country, q7. consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in belgium and sri lanka., a. in belgium, the dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority french-speaking community., b. in sri lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the sinhala-speaking majority., c. the tamils in sri lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs., d. the transformation of belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines., which of the statements given above are correct, (a) a, b, c and d (b) a, b and d (c) c and d (d) b, c and d.

Here, the correct option is (d) B, C, and D. The government’s measures in Sri Lanka guaranteed the majority’s domination in Sinhala. Tamil people in Sri Lanka requested a federal power-sharing framework in order to safeguard their language, culture, and equal access to employment and education. Conversely, Belgium would have been split along linguistic lines, but the country’s transition from a unitary to a federal system of government prevented this from happening. Therefore, power sharing made Belgium possible to remain whole.

Q8. Match List I (forms of power sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:

Q9. consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below:, a. power sharing is good for democracy., b. it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups., which of these statements are true and false, (a) a is true but b is false, (b) both a and b are true, (c) both a and b are false, (d) a is false but b is true.

Option (a) is the correct answer. Both A and B are correct. In a democracy, power sharing is important. It improves a democracy’s stability and lessens the likelihood of conflict between various social groups.

Summary-NCERT Solutions for Class-10 Civic Chapter-1: Power-Sharing

In conclusion, Power-sharing is important for a number of reasons. First, it helps to ensure that all groups in a society have a voice in how they are governed. This is important because it helps to prevent conflict and promote harmony among different groups. Second, power-sharing helps to prevent any one group from becoming too powerful. This is important because it helps to protect the rights of minorities. Third, power-sharing helps to promote democracy. This is because it helps to ensure that all groups in a society have a say in how they are governed.

Also Check: NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Social Science History NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Social Science Chapter 3 : The Making of a Global World NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 4 : The Age of Industrialisation

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class-10 Political Science Chapter-1: Power-Sharing

What are ncert solutions for class 10 political science chapter 1.

NCERT Solutions are comprehensive answers to questions from the textbook designed to help students understand the concepts better.

How can NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 of Class 10 Political Science help students?

They provide clear explanations and examples related to power-sharing, aiding students in grasping the topic effectively.

Are NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 of Class 10 Political Science easily accessible?

Yes, they are available at the top of this article.

Do NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 cover all the topics of the chapter?

Yes, they cover all the key concepts discussed in the chapter, helping students prepare comprehensively for exams.

Can NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 be used for exam preparation?

Absolutely, they serve as valuable study resources, offering practice questions and answers that align with the exam syllabus.

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Power Sharing Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers

CBSE Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions Civics Chapter 1

Very short answer type questions (1 marks).

1.What do you mean by the word ethnic?

Answer: A social division based on shared culture. People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture or both.

2.Which ethnic group in Belgium has the largest population? Answer: Flemish.

3.‘The tension between Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities was more acute in Brussels’. Give reason.

4.Which are the most important social groups of Sri Lanka? Answer: (i) Sinhala speaking (ii) Tamil speaking

5. Which ethnic group is in majority in Sri Lanka? Answer: Sinhala

6.Name the two sub groups of Tamils in Sri Lanka. [CBSE 2014] Answer: (i) Sri Lankan Tamils (ii) Indian Tamils

7. When did Sri Lanka emerge as an independent nation? [CBSE Sep. 2010, 11] Answer: 1948

8.What is a Civil War? Answer: It is a violent conflict between the opposing groups within a country, for example the conflict between Sinhalese and Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka.

9. Name the ethnic group of Sri Lanka which were involved in a Civil War. Answer: (i) Sri Lankan Tamils or the Sinhalese (ii) Indian Tamils

10. What is majoritarianism? Name a country which has lost peace due to this.

Answer: A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority. Sri Lanka.

11. Power shared among different organs of government is known as horizontal distribution of power. Give reason.

Answer: Because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.

12. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing from the Indian content. Answer: (i) India is a multicultural society. (ii) India is a democratic country.

13. What is different between prudential and moral reasons for power sharing? Answer: Prudential reasons stress that power sharing will bring out better outcomes, whereas moral reasons emphasis the very act of power sharing as valuable.

14. Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government in Belgium. Which is that third kind of government? Answer: Community government.

15. What is the basic principle of democracy? Answer: The basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power.

16. For a long time it was believed that all power of government must reside in one person or group of persons located at one place. Give reason. Answer: It was felt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions.

17. What is a community government?

Answer: A community government is one in which different social groups are given the power to handle the affairs related to their communities. They are expected to work jointly for the benefit of the common masses without undermining any one community.

18. Name the most important organs of the government. Answer: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary

19. What is a federal government? Answer: It is a government under which two or more than two sets of governments govern the country.

20. What is a reserved constituency? Answer: A reserved constituency is a constituency which is reserved for a particular section of the society.

21. What is the importance of reserved constituency? Answer: This type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social group who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.

22. What is die system of checks and balances in power sharing? [CBSE 2014] Answer: Under this system one organ of the • government keeps the check over the other. None of the organs can exercise unlimited powers. This keeps a balance of power among various institutions.

23. The system of ‘checks and balances’ comes under which form of power sharing. [CBSE 2014] Answer: Horizontal power sharing.

24. What is a coalition government? Answer: A coalition government is a cabinet of parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate. It generally happens when no party gets a majority in the parliament and several parties join together to prove their majority.

25. In Sri Lanka, the democratically elected government adopted a series of which measures to establish Sinhala supremacy? Mention any one. [CBSE Sept.2010] Answer: They established a Majoritarian government.

26. State two main bases of social division in Sri Lanka. [CBSE 2008 (D) Compt.] Answer: (i) Religion (ii) Language

27. Which is the state religion of Sri Lanka? Answer: Buddhism.

28. Which two languages are generally spoken in Belgium? [CBSE 2010, 11] Answer: French and Dutch

29. Give one example of horizontal sharing of power. [CBSE 2010, 11] Answer: Power sharing among Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.

30. Who elects the community government in Belgium? [CBSE Sept. 2010] Answer: People belonging to one language community- Dutch, French and German.

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks)

1. What led to the ethnic tension in Belgium? Why was it more acute in Brussels?

Answer: The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. So the Dutch speaking community, who got the benefit of economic development and education much later showed the resentment between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking communities during the 1950s and the 1960s. The conflict between the two communities was more severe in Brussels because the Dutch speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.

2. What is the ethnic composition of Belgium? [CBSE Sept. 2011] Or Describe the ethnic composition of Belgium. [CBSE 2012]

Answer: The ethnics composition of Belgium, a small country is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city, Brussels, about 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking.

3. What is the ethnic composition of Sri Lanka?

Answer: Sri Lanka has a diverse population. The Sinhalese community forms the majority of the population (74%) with Tamils (18%) who are mostly concentrated in the north and east of the island, forming the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include the Muslims. Among Tamils, there are two sub-groups. The Tamil natives of the country are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ (13 %). The Tamils, who were brought as indentured labourers from India by British colonists to work on estate plantations are called the ‘Indian Origin Tamils’ (5%). Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are about 7 per cent Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhalese.

4. Mention any four steps which were taken by the Sri Lankan government to achieve majoritarianism.

Answer: (i) In 1956, an Act was passed under which English was replaced as the country’s official language not by the Sinhala and Tamil but by the Sinhala only. (ii) The governments followed preferential policies that favoured the Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. (iii) A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. (iv) Denial of citizenship to estate Tamils.

5. What is a Civil War? Explain with context to Sri Lanka.

Answer: (i) It is a violent conflict between the opposing groups within a country, for example the Sinhalese and the Tamils. (ii) Due to the violent conflict between both these ethnic groups thousands of people of both the communities have been killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods. (iii) The civil war has caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.

6. What is community government? Explain the concept of community government with context to Belgium.

Answer: (i) A community government is one in which different social groups are given the power to handle the affairs related to their communities. They are expected to work jointly for the benefit of the common masses without undermining any one community. (ii) The ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community-Dutch, French and German speaking – no matter where they live. (iii) This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

7. What is the relationship between democracy and power sharing?

Answer: ‘Democracy’ means giving every citizen the right and power to make the decisions through their elected representatives. Power sharing is dividing power among various social groups to give them equal representation in the governance. Power sharing is the essence of democracy where every individual, irrespective of cultural and language differences feel involved in the political system.

8. How did the Sri Lankan and the Belgium government try to solve the ethnic problem? Or Explain any two important differences between the power sharing model accepted by Belgium and Sri Lanka.

Answer: (i) The Belgium leaders tried to solve the ethnic problem by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions, whereas the Sri Lankan government tried to solve the problem through majoritarianism. (ii) Belgium leaders established a federal structure under which power was shared between the Union Government and its other constituent units whereas Sri Lankan leaders adopted Unitary Government structure. (iii) The Belgium solution helped in avoiding civic strife whereas the majoritarianism in Sri Lanka led to the civil war.

9. “Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies but they follow different systems of power sharing. ” Support the statement by giving three points of difference.

Answer: (i) Type of Government: Sri Lanka continues to be, for all practical purpose, a unitary system where the national government has all the powers. Tamil leaders want Sri Lanka to become a federal system under which the regional governments were given constitutional powers that were no longer dependent on the central ‘government. Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government.

(ii) Religion and Government : To accommodate people belonging to different ethnic groups Belgium formed a ‘community government’ whereas Sri Lankan government passed a law to protect and promote Buddhism.

(iii) Language and government : In 1956 Sri Lankan government passed an act to recognize Sinhala as the only official language whereas Belgium government “tried to protect and foster all the languages spoken by the people.

10. What is power sharing? Explain.

Answer: (i) The concept of providing a permanent share of power in the government different communities or regions is termed as power sharing. (ii) Under this the people and the leaders of the nation respect the feelings and interests of different commodities and regions. (iii) The principle of power sharing is very important for the unity and growth of democracy.

11. Explain the principle of federal division of power.

Answer: (i) Under the federal division of power the power is divided among different levels of government; for example in India the power is shared among the three levels of governments, i.e., Union government, the state governments and the local governments. (ii) This type of system is known as vertical division of power. (iii) Under this the Constitution clearly lays down the power of each level of government

12. “Power may also be shared among different social groups”. Explain by giving examples.

Answer: (i) Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. (ii) In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration. For example in India we follow the principle of ‘reserved constituencies’ in assemblies and the parliament of our country. This type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the’ government. (iii) This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power.

Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks)

1. Describe the tension that existed between the Dutch and the French speaking people in Belgium. Or What were the two main causes of resentment in Belgium in 1960 ? How was the conflict solved?

Answer: (i) The economic inequality between the Dutch speaking and French-speaking was the basic cause of tension. (ii) The French-speaking community who was in minority was relatively rich and powerful whereas the Dutch-speaking community who was in majority was poor. (iii) This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who for the benefit of economic development and education much later. (iv) The tension between the two communities was more acute in Brussels. Brussels presented a special problem : the Dutch speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital. (v) Between 1970 and 1993, the Belgium government amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. ‘

2. How were the ethnic problems solved in Belgium? Mention any four steps which were taken by the government to solve the problems? Or How is the political system in Belgium innovative and different from the other countries of the world? Explain any three points. Or Highlight any three measures adopted by the Belgian government to accommodate regional and cultural diversities.

Answer: (i) Equal number of ministers for both the groups : The Belgian Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can take decisions unilaterally. (ii) More powers to state governments : Under the proper power sharing arrangement, many powers of the central government were given to state governments for the two regions of the country. The state governments were not subordinate to the central government. • (iii) Equal representation at the state and the central level : A separate government has been set up at Brussels in which both the communities have equal representation. (iv) Formation of community government : Apart from the central and the state government, there is a third kind of government, i.e., ‘community government’. This ‘community government’ is elected by the people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German speaking no matter where they live. This government has the powers regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

3. Why is Power sharing desirable? Or Why is power sharing necessary in democracy? Explain. Or “Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.” Justify this statement with three suitable points. Or Why is power sharing desirable? Give any three prudential reasons.

Answer: 1. Prudential reasons: (i) Prudential reasons are based on careful calculations of gains and losses. For example in the Nepal movement for democracy even the Maoists, an armed _ revolutionary group, was given some share after the formation of government. The major gain for this was peace in Nepal. (ii) Prudential reasons help to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. (iii) Prudential reasons are good way to ensure political stability. (iv) Imposing the will of majority community over the minority may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run, it undermines the unity of the nation. Tyranny of the majority is not just oppressive for the minority; it often brings ruin to the majority as well.

2. Moral reasons: (i) Power sharing is the basic spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves the sharing of power with those affected by its exercise, and those who have to live with its effects. (ii) A democratic government is chosen by the people. So they have the right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. A legitimate government is one where groups, through participation, acquire a stake in the system. (iii) Decentralisation of power, i.e., formation of state governments, local governments is an example of moral reason.

4. Explain the major forms of power sharing in modern democracies. Or Explain four forms of participation in government under modern democratic system. Or Explain, how power is shared among different organs of government. Or Describe with examples the way in which power can be shared among different social and linguistic groups ? Or Describe horizontal and vertical power sharing in modern democracies.

Answer: (i) Power sharing among the different organs of government (Horizontal power sharing). In a democracy, power is shared among the different organs of the government such as the legislature, executive and the judiciary. This is called the horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of the government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Under this kind of power sharing arrangement, one can exercise unlimited powers. Each organ has its own powers, and it can also check the powers of other. So this results in a balance of power among the various institutions. (ii) Power sharing among governments at different levels : Under this, people choose separate governments at separate levels, for example, a general local government for the entire country and local governments at the provincial, sub-national or regional levels. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called a Federal government. (iii) Power sharing among different social groups : In a democracy, especially, in a multi-ethnic society, power is also shared among social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and the administration.

(iv) Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements : In a democracy, power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements. Democracy provides the citizens a choice to choose their rulers. This choice is provided by the various political parties, who contest elections to win them. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.

5. What are the advantages of horizontal power sharing? Explain with the help of examples. Or What is meant by the horizontal distribution of power? Explain any two merits of this form of power sharing.

Answer: (i) The power that is shared among different organs of government equally is known as horizontal power sharing. (ii) Horizontal power sharing places all the organs of the government, i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary at the same level. (iii) Under this kind of power sharing no organ can exercise unlimited powers. (iv) This system is also known as system of checks and balances. (v) For example, in India, though the ministers and government officials exercise power, but they are responsible to the parliament or state legislatures. Similarly, although the judges are appointed by the executive, but they can check the functioning of executive of laws made by the legislatures.

6. Explain the power sharing arrangements among the political parties and pressure groups.

Answer: (i) In a democracy, power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements. (ii) Democracy provides the citizens a choice to choose their rulers. This choice is provided by the various political parties, who contest elections to win them. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. (iii) In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes, this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government and thus, share power. (iv) In a democracy, various pressure groups and movements also remain active. They also have a share in governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or having influence on the decision making process.

7. How is a federal government better than a unitary government? Explain with examples of Belgium and Sri Lanka.

Answer: (i) Federalism is a system of government under which power is divided between a central authority and its various constituent units. Whereas in a unitary government all the powers are in the hands of a central authority, (ii) The Belgium leaders tried to solve the ethnic problem by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions by establishing a federal government, whereas the Sri Lankan government tried to solve the problem through majoritarianism. (iii) The Belgium solution helped in avoiding the civic strife, whereas the majoritarianism in Sri Lanka led to the civil war.

8. What are some of the basic elements of Belgium model of power sharing ? Write any three. Or Explain any three elements of the Belgium model of Power sharing. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) Equal number of ministers : Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally. (ii) Power sharing : Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government. (iii) Separate government for Brussels : Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Science Revision Notes Chapter 1

Home » CBSE » CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Science Revision Notes Chapter 1

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CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 Notes – Power Sharing

Students appearing for Class 10 board examinations must be thoroughly familiar with all the chapters across subjects. One such important subject is Social Science Political Science (Civics) which is easy to score in. There are high chances of securing a better score in this examination if and only if the students have properly revised all the chapters, definitions and other sections of the syllabus. But, it often becomes difficult to have access to revision notes in one place to eventually revise them.

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Hence, Extramarks has simplified this problem by providing chapter-wise revision notes on its official website including Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 Notes. The notes have been prepared by the experts. They have referred to NCERT Books and the CBSE curriculum in order to make appropriate revision notes . In addition to revision notes, students can also access other study materials such as CBSE sample papers, CBSE previous year question papers, CBSE extra questions, etc. Students in Class 10 should not miss accessing the materials from the Extramarks website.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Science Revision Notes for the Year 2022-23

Power Sharing Class 10 Notes Political Science (Civics ) Chapter 1

Introduction.

In a democracy, there is no single branch of government that has absolute power. The structure of democracy must include a wise distribution of power between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. We expand on this notion of power-sharing in this chapter. Two tales from Sri Lanka and Belgium are presented first. These two tales discuss how democracies respond to demands for power sharing. The tales lead to some overarching conclusions regarding the necessity of democratic power-sharing.

Belgium is a small country situated in Europe with a population of more than 1 crore.
The country shares its borders with France, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands.
Belgium is a diverse country containing different cultures and traditions.
59% of the people living in the country speak Dutch whereas French is the second most common language.
Brussels is the capital of Belgium where 80% of the people speak French and the remaining 20% speak Dutch.
The country has a rich, sophisticated and educated community.
The tensions in the country were created due to the differences between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking populations.
Sri Lanka is an island nation with a population of more than 2 crores.
Most of the people speak Sinhala and the remaining population prefers Tamil.
The two subgroups of the Tamil speakers in Sri Lanka are known as Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils.
Most of the Sinhala speakers are Buddhists whereas the Tamils are Hindus and Muslims. Less than 7% of the population are Christians in Sri Lanka.

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka

In 1956 an Act was passed in Sri Lanka stating that Sinhala will be the sole language of the country.
The government made several policies to favour the Sinhala residents in areas such as government jobs and university positions.
Due to this sudden shift, the Tamil speakers felt neglected.
In the 1980s political organisations emerged asking for an independent Tamil State in the country.
The differences between the two communities marked a large conflict leading to a civil war.

Accommodation in Belgium

The government of Belgium tried to mend the differences between the communities by making several laws. They made corrections to the constitution four times from the year 1970 to 1993 establishing a new model of government. The main elements included are as follows:

The number of Dutch and French-speaking leaders in government will be equal.
The state governments can make the decisions independently without the central government.
Brussels will have a separate government with equal representation from both communities.
Formation of community governments to respect each community.

Why is Power Sharing Desirable?

Power sharing is beneficial as it reduces the chances of various conflicts and wars between different communities. Democratic rule is solely followed in the power-sharing government allowing the people to take decisions. Hence power sharing is the most desirable form of government.

Forms of Power Sharing

The horizontal distribution of power is observed when power is shared between the various components of government such as the judiciary, legislature and executive.
Vertical distribution of power is known as the federal government where the power is shared within a particular government but at different stages. For example, the United States.
Many social and linguistic groups can also share power. One such example is the Belgian model of community government.
Power sharing can be observed in political parties, pressure groups and other movements where power is used to make decisions.

Important Question and Answers

Q1 What is majoritarianism?

It is a belief that a particular community present as the majority must be able to rule a country through its power and beliefs ignoring the needs of the minority groups.

Q2. What is the vertical distribution of power?

It refers to sharing of power at different levels of the government such as central and state governments. Power is particularly divided between the higher and lower level of government in the vertical distribution of power.

Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Story of belgium and sri lanka.

Belgium is a country situated in Europe with 40% of the French-speaking and 59% of Dutch-speaking populations. There was a conflict between these two diverse communities in the 1950s and 1960s. The French population was powerful and rich as compared to the Dutch which sparked conflicts in the country.

Sri Lanka is an island country near India. After 1948 the major groups in the country were Sinhala speakers and Tamil speakers. The Tamil speakers were further divided into Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils. The diversity of cultures, languages and traditions created many problems and led to a civil war in the country.

To ease the tension in the country the Central Government made decisions such as having equal numbers of Dutch and French spelling people in the cabinet for fair decisions.

The State Governments Were Not Under the Central Government:

Brussels is the capital of Belgium and it has a completely different government that contains equal representations from different social groups. In addition, the country has community governments that are responsible for deciding on cultural education and language-related issues.

Between Different Organs of the Government

For different organs of government, a horizontal share of power is considered. In it, the government at the same level exercises the different powers in a particular jurisdiction. One such example is the Indian democracy.

Between Different Levels of Government

It refers to the system where the power is distributed among the various levels of the government. For example, in arduous countries, the power is distributed among the provincial and central governments. This system is popularly known as federalism.

Between Different Social Groups

Many social groups present in minorities or considered weak are shown in the legislature through quotas or reservations so that they can voice their opinions.

Between Different Political Groups

In a democracy, there are many political parties, pressure parties and others that can influence the decisions for law making. In certain specific conditions, these parties can also make an alliance and may form a coalition government.

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Q.1 Describe the ethnic composition of Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka is an island nation that represents vast cultural diversity. The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka is as follows:- First, Sinhalese accounts for nearly three-fourths of the people. Second, The Tamil segment comprises two groups—Sri Lankan Tamils (long-settled descendants from southeastern India) and Indian Tamils (recent immigrants from southeastern India, most of whom were migrant workers brought to Sri Lanka under British rule). Third, Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.

Q.2 Mention various forms of power sharing. Answer

The basic principle of democracy is the rule of the people. Everyone has voice in the shaping of public policies. Thus in modern democracies power sharing arrangement can take many forms: (i) Power is shared among different organs of the government such as legislature, executive & judiciary. There is a horizontal distribution of powers are placed at the same level to eercise different powers. Each organ checks the other. (ii) Power can be shared among government at different levels : The general government of entire country is usually referred as the central or union which is followed by state government and at the local level we have municipalities & Panchayats. This system helps in reducing corruption & increases administrative efficiency. (iii) Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious & linguistic groups. Belgium is good example of this arrangement. This helps in giving the space to various social groups who would otherwise feel alienated from the government. (iv) Power sharing arrangement can also be seen within various political parties, pressure groups & movements : In a democracy, citizen must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct when two or more political parties together form a coalition government and shares the power. India has many interaction groups such as those of traders, farmers and industrial workers etc who also have a share in governmental power.

Q.3 Why power sharing is desirable?

Two sets of reasons can be given in favour of power sharing:- a. Prudential Reason:- It helps to reduce the possiblity of conflict between social groups. It gives space to each and every social group in the democracy. b. Moral Reasons :-Power sharing is the spirit of democracy. A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation acquire a stake in the system.

Q.4 Name the two major parties of Germany.

The two major parties of Germany are:- a. Christian Democratic Union b. Social Democratic Party

Q.5 Explain breifly the concept of “Horizontal’’ Distribution of Power.

Distribution of power among different organs of the government is known as Horizontal Distribution of Power. It allows different organs of government i.e. Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, which are placed at the same level, to exercise different powers. Each has its own responsibilities and, at the same time, they work together to make the country run smoothly and to assure that the rights of citizens are not ignored or disallowed.

Q.6 Explain the reasons why democracy is known as ‘a government by discussion’? Answer

Democracy is known as ‘a government by discussion’ due to following reasons: (i) Policy matters are decided after thorough discussion and in the absence of consensus, the majority view prevails. (ii) Majority view is respected and are given due consideration during discussion. (iii) Minority view is heard & not shut down by force. (iv) Every aspect of a policy or law is discussed before passing and executing it. Q.7 What is a coaltion government? Answer

A coalition government is formed by an alliance of two or more political parties, usually when no single party enjoys majority support of the members in a legislature. Q.8 Explain the ways in which power is shared between different organs of Government. Answer

Power is shared among Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. It is called as horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Each organ check the other. Ministers and officials are responsible to the Legisalture. Judiciary checks the functioning of the Executive and laws made by Legislature.

Q.9 Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical power sharing.

Horizontal Power sharing 1. The power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. 2. Organs of the government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers. 3. Each organ checks the other.

Vertical Power sharing 1. Power is shared among the different levels of the governments like the Central and State. 2. The vertical division of power involves the highest and the lower levels of government. 3. The lower organs work under the higher organs of the Government .

Q.10 Explain the third kind of Government in Belgium. Answer

Apart from the central & the state government, there is a third kind of government which is known as community government. This community government is elected by the people belonging to one community that is Dutch, French or German speaking no matter whereever they live. It is mainly based on corporation & tolerance. It has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

Q.11 How political parties ensure power sharing? Answer

Political parties compete with one another at the time of elections. Such competitions ensure that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social group. Moreover, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections, they form a coalition government and thus share power.

Q.12 Describe the ethnic composition of Belgium.

Belgium is a small country in Europe which shares its borders with Netherlands, France & Germany. Its ethnic composition is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 percent live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. Another 40 percent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. The remaining 1 percent of the Belgians speak German. Q.13 What is the major difference between the political parties and the pressure groups? Answer

The objective of political parties is to attain power and form the government, whereas the aim of pressure groups is only to influence the decision-making of the government

Q.14 What is ‘Majoritarianism’? Name the country which has lost its peace due to this.

Majoritarianism: A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by diregarding the wishes and need of the minority. For e.g.: In Sri Lanka, 74% of the Sinhala speaking community enjoy the preferential policies over the Tamilians, who form only 18% of the population.

Q.15 What was the consequences of Sinhala supremacy? Answer

“Sinhala Supremacy’’ gradually alienated the Tamils in Sri Lanka. They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and ignore their interest. Subsequently, a struggle was launched, which ultimately led to the civil war. As a result thousand of people of both the communities have been killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost the livelihood. Q.16 Define Community Government. Answer

Community Government: A community government is the one in which different social groups are given the power to handle the affairs related to their community. They are expected to work together for the benefit of all the citizens without considering the communal tendencies. e.g. Belgium.

Q.17 Define Power Sharing.

Power Sharing is a strategy for resolving disputes over powerful positions in social or political hierarchy. It relies on sharing the joint power among various social groups within the government.

Q.18 How the regional differences and cultural diversities were resolved in Belgium? Answer

An attempt was being made in Belgium to accommodate the interests of different regions and cultures, which ultimately led to the unity. (i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch & French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. (ii) The State governments are not subordinate to the central government. (iii) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. (iv) Apart from the central & the state government there is a third kind community government which is elected by the people belonging to one language community no matter where they live.

Q.19 Mention any three steps taken by the Sri Lankan government to achieve majoritarianism.

1. In 1956, an Act was passed under which English was replaced as the country’s official language not by Sinhala and Tamil but by Sinhala only. 2. The government followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. 3. A new constitution was stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

Q.20 Examine the main elements of the Belgian model of power sharing.

After the four amendments in the constitution between 1970 and 1993 the Belgian leaders worked out a very different and innovative power sharing arrangement. a. Equal distribution of seats: – Dutch and the French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. No single community can make decisions unilaterally.

b. Concept of Federal Government: – Many powers of the central government have been given to state government for the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.

c. Equal representation in Brussels: – Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.

d. Community Government: – Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live.

Q.21 What is a reserved constituency? Answer

Some constituencies are reserved for people who belong to the Scheduled Castes [SC] and Scheduled Tribes [ST]. In a SC reserved constituency, someone who belongs to the Scheduled Castes can stand for election. Similarly, only those belonging to the Scheduled Tribes can contest an election from a constituency reserved for ST. Q.22 How many times the constitution of Belgium has been amended between 1970 and 1993? Answer

Between 1970 and 1993, Belgian government amended their constitution four times, so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. Q.23 State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context. Answer

Indian is a country of diverse population where the society has caste system. Each caste has its own interests. Some are dominant classes and some are backward. So to avoid any possible social conflict and political instability, power sharing is must. This is called prudential approach.

Similarly, from time immemorial, backward classes have been deprived of their political rights. They, however, form the majority population but have minimal participation in political activities. So they should be given ample chance to participate in the political process. This is called moral approach.

Q.24 What made Sri Lankan Tamils feel alienated?

The measures of the Act 1956 introduced by Sinhalese Government made the Sri Lankan Tamils feel alienated. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhalese were sensitive to their language and culture. They also felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminate against them in getting jobs and other opportunities by ignoring their interest. As a result the relation between the Sinhalese and Tamil communities strained overtime.

Q.25 What does the term “separation of powers” mean? Answer

The system of dividing the powers and duties of a government into different branches is termed as separation of powers. Each has its own responsibilities and at the same time they work collectively to make the country run efficiently and assure that the rights of the citizens are not violated. Q.26 Who is the head of the Sri Lankan government? Answer

The President of Sri Lanka is the head of state, the commander in chief of the armed forces, as well as the head of government and is popularly elected for a term of six-years. Q.27 What is the basic principle of democracy? Answer

People are the source of all powers. They rule themselves through the institution of self governance. They are the ones who shape the public policies. Q.28 Where is European Union Parliament situated? Answer

The European Union Parliament is elected by the citizens of the European Union to represent their interests. It has three places of work, i.e.,Brussels (Belgium), Luxembourg and Strasbourg (France). Q.29 Which country formed a Grand Coalition after the elections of 2005? Answer

The two historically rival parties in , namely, the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party joined hands to form the Grand Coalition government due to the absence of clear majority after 2005 elections. Q.30 What is the main objective of federal system? Answer

The main objectives of the federal system are to promote the unity of the country and to accommodate regional diversity.

Q.31 Bring out the differences between Horizontal and Vertical Division of power.

Q.32 Define the term a) Federal government b) Checks and Balance

a Federal Government: -The form of government in which power is divided by constitutional right between national and local units of government in regions.

b. Checks and Balance:- It is a type of power sharing arrangement in which each organ of the government checks the others. This in turn results in a balance of power among various institutions. It ensures that none of the organ can exercise unlimited powers. Each branch has certain powers to “check” the other branches and make sure that power is balanced among them.

Q.33 Which form of government upholds the concept of “collective responsibility?” Answer

The Parliamentary form of government upholds the principle of collective responsibility that serves to bind the government together. The ministers are collectively answerable to Parliament for their conduct and actions. Q.34 What is a unitary form of government? Answer

In unitary form of government, there is no constitutional division of powers, except that there may be the delegation of authority by the central government to the local one. Q.35 What are the two main functions of a political party? Answer

The two main functions of a political party are electioneering and governing. Q.36 What led to tensions between the Dutch speaking and French speaking communities during 1950s and 1960s? Answer

The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later. This led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s. The tension between the two communities was more acute in Brussels as the Dutch-speaking people constituted a minority.

Q.37 What role do the pressure groups play in politics? Answer

Pressure groups use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and/or policy; they have played and continued to play an important part in the development of political and social systems. What does the word Q.38 “Eelam” means in Sri Lanka? Answer

The word Eelam means the State of Tamil people. It is the name given by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam to the independent state, which they aspire in the Northern and Eastern portions of Sri Lanka.

Q.39 What is the moral reason of power sharing? Answer

Power sharing is the basic spirit of democracy. A democracy rule involves sharing of power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. Q.40 How did the Sri Lankan and the Belgium Government try to solve the ethnic problem? Answer

The Belgium leaders tried to solve the ethnic problem by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions, whereas the Sri Lanka Government tried to solve the problem through majoritarianism. Q.41 What does the word “Ethnic” means? Answer

It means a social division based on shared culture. People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture. They need not have the same religion or nationality. Q.42 Which type of government is formed if no political party is able to get a majority? Answer

Inability of any political party to get a majority leads to a Coalition Government. It is a government where two or more political parties join together in parliament to run the government and agree on a policy programme. Q.43 What is a political party? Answer

It is an organisation that recruits and campaigns for candidates. Group of people aim to organise and control legislature and executive branches of the government. Q.44 Name any two countries who are the members of EU. Answer

The two countries that are members of European Union are:

b)Netherlands.

Q.45 What is LTTE? Answer

LTTE stands for Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). It is a Tamil militant group, demanding for an independent Tamil Eelam in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. Q.46 What is European Union? Answer

The economic association of over two dozen European countries that seek to create a unified, free market for goods and services throughout the continent, as well as a common currency with a unified authority over that currency. Q.47 Explain the concept of separation of powers. Answer

It is the system of dividing the powers and duties of a government into different branches. Each has its own responsibilities and at the same time, they work collectively to make the country run efficiently and assure that the rights of citizens are not violated. Q.48 How did Belgium resolve its problem of regional differences and cultural diversities?

The ethnic composition of Belgium, which is a small country, is very complex. The Belgian leaders took a path whereby they recognized the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

(i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.

(ii) Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.

(iii) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.

(iv) Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government – Community Government. This ‘Community Government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live.

Q.49 What are the various forms of power sharing?

Democracy is based on the basic principle of the Rule of the People. Everyone is given an opportunity in shaping the public policies, through his or her representative. Thus, in modern democracies, power sharing arrangement can take many forms:

(i) Power is shared among different organs of the government – Legislature, Executive & Judiciary. There is a horizontal distribution of powers. These are placed at the same level to exercise different powers. The powers are defined in such a way that each organ checks the other.

(ii) Power is shared at different levels of the government: The government of the entire country is referred to as the Central or Union government, which is followed by State government at the State level, and at the local level we have municipalities & Panchayats. This system helps in reducing corruption & increases administrative efficiency.

(iii) Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as the religious & linguistic groups. Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. This helps in giving the space to various social groups who would otherwise feel alienated from the government.

(iv) Power sharing arrangement can also be seen within various political parties, pressure groups & movements: India has many interaction groups such as those of traders, farmers and industrial workers, etc. who also have a share in governmental power. Sometimes, this kind of sharing can be direct when two or more political parties together form a coalition government and share the power. In a democracy, citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.

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Cbse class 10 social science political science revision notes, chapter 2 - federalism.

Chapter 3 - Democracy and Diversity

Chapter 4 - gender, religion and caste, chapter 5 - popular struggles and movements, chapter 6 - political parties, chapter 7 - outcomes of democracy, chapter 8 - challenges to democracy, faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. why is power sharing good for democracy.

Power sharing is considered good for democracy as it divides the responsibilities between the different organs of the government. It gives liberty to the various sections of the society to take up the decisions and prevent the majority sections from ruling the country or government.

2. How can I understand the concept of power-sharing?

Candidates can refer to the Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Notes to understand the concept of power-sharing. The CBSE revision notes are generated according to the NCERT books and CBSE syllabus so that important topics can be included properly as per the official guidelines issued.

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Power Sharing

In this page, you can find CBSE Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Power Sharing Pdf free download, NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science will make your practice complete.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Very Short Answers Type

Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 1. What is majoritarianism? Name a country which has lost peace due to this. (Imp) Answer: It is a belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority. The country named Sri-Lanka has lost peace due to this.

Extra Questions and Answers Power Sharing

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions Question 2. Which language was recognised as the only official language of Sri Lanka in 1956? (Imp) Answer: Sinhala was recognised as the only official language of Sri Lanka in 1956.

Extra Questions and Answers Power Sharing Civics

Power Sharing Extra Questions Question 3. Why was the tension between the French-speaking and the Dutch-speaking communities more acute in Brussels? Answer: The reason was that the Dutch-speaking community constituted a majority in the country (Belgium), but a minority in the capital (Brussels).

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions PDF Download Question 4. Apart from the Central and the State Government there is the third kind of government in Belgium. Name this government. Mention one feature of this government. Answer: The name of the third type of government in Belgium is community government. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German speaking. It does not matter where do they live.

Extra Questions Of Power Sharing Question 5. What is meant by a community government? Answer: A community government is a type of government in which different social groups handle the affairs of their communities.

Class 10 Power Sharing Extra Questions Question 6. What did the leaders of the Sinhala community do to establish their supremacy? Answer: The leaders of the Sinhala community adopted the principle of majoritarianism to establish their supremacy.

Class 10 Civics Ch 1 Extra Questions Question 7. Where are Sri-Lankan Tamils concentrated in Sri Lanka? Answer: They are concentrated in the north and east of Sri Lanka.

Ch 1 Civics Class 10 Extra Questions Question 8. What is the religion of most of the Sinhala-speaking people? Answer: Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists.

Power Sharing Extra Question Answer Question 9. Name the ethnic communities of Sri Lanka. Answer: Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Muslims.

Extra Questions On Power Sharing Class 10 Question 10. By 1980s several political organisations were formed by the Sri Lankan Tamils. What was the demand of these organisations? Answer: These organisations demanded an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

Civics Class 10 Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 11. What is the feature of a good democratic government? Answer: In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society.

Extra Question Of Power Sharing Class 10 Question 12. What is the difference between prudential and moral reasons of power sharing? Answer: Prudential reasons stress that power sharing will bring out better outcomes, whereas moral reasons emphasise the very act of power sharing as valuable.

Extra Questions Of Chapter Power Sharing Class 10 Question 13. Which is the major religion of Sri Lanka? Answer: The major religion of Sri Lanka is Buddhism.

Extra Question Of Power Sharing Question 14. In which city are the headquarters of the European Union located? Answer: The headquarters of the European Union are located in Brussels.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions And Answers Question 15. What is one basic principle of democracy? Answer: One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government.

Extra Question Answer Of Power Sharing Class 10 Question 16. What is meant by power sharing? Answer: Power sharing means the distribution of power of the government among as many citizens as possible.

Extra Questions Of Power Sharing Class 10 Question 17. Which are the two main social groups in Sri Lanka? (Imp) Answer: The two main social groups in Sri Lanka are Sinhalese (74%) and Tamils (18%).

Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions And Answers Question 18. What is the system of checks and balances in power sharing? (Imp) Answer: When power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary, one organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions.

Extra Questions On Power Sharing Question 19. What is meant by vertical division of power? Answer: Vertical division of power means division of power among governments at different levels a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level.

Extra Questions Of Chapter 1 Civics Class 1 Question 20. What is meant by horizontal distribution of power? Answer: When power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary, it is called horizontal distribution of power.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Short Answers Type

Question 1. Explain the vertical division of power by giving examples from India. (Imp) Answer: Vertical division of power: It is the sharing of power among governments at different levels a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. In India. the constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of governments i.e., the Central or Union government and the various state governments. There are certain subjects on which the Union government alone can make laws whereas there are others on which the State governments alone can make laws.

Question 2. Describe the ethnic composition of Belgium. (Imp) Answer:

The ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 percent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.
Another 40 percent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.
Remaining one percent of the Belgians speak German.
In the capital city of Brussels, 80 percent people speak French while 20 percent are Dutch speaking.

Question 3. What led to the tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities in Belgium during the 1950s and 1960s? Why was the tension between the two communities more acute in Brussels? Answer: In Belgium during the 1950s and 1960s, the minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. So, the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later resented this. As a result, tensions grew between the two communities. The tension between these two communities was more acute in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking people constituted majority in the country, but minority in the capital.

Question 4. Describe the diverse population living in Sri Lanka. Answer: Sri Lanka is an island nation. It has about two crore population which is so diverse.

The major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers (74%) and the Tamil-speakers (18%).
Among Tamils, there are two sub-groups. Tamil natives of the country are called Sri Lankan Tamil (13%). The rest are called Indian Tamils. Their forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial period.
Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are about 7% Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.

Question 5. Why did the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strain over time? (Imp) Answer: (i) The governments in Sri Lanka followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

(ii) The Sri Lankan Tamils got disappointed due to these policies. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture.

(iii) They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and ignored their interests. As a result of the above reasons, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time.

Question 6. What were the demands of the Sri Lankan Tamils? OR What forced the Sri Lankan Tamils to launch parties and struggles in the country? Answer: The Sri Lankan Tamils were fed up with the preferential policies of the governments. They wanted the governments to listen to them and stop undermining their interests. When nothing happened like this, they launched parties and struggles. Their demands included-

Recognition of Tamil as an official language.
Recognition for regional autonomy and equality or opportunity in securing education and jobs.
An independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

Question 7. How is the power-sharing model accepted by Belgium different from that of Sri Lanka? OR How did Belgium and Sri Lanka handle demands for power-sharing in their respective countries? OR ‘Belgium and Sri Lanka dealt with the question of power sharing differently’. Explain. Answer: Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies. Yet, they dealt with the question of power sharing differently

(a) In Belgium, the leaders realised that the unity of the country was possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions. Such a realisation resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power. These arrangements were made on the principle of accommodation. So, it worked well and helped to avoid civic strife between the two major communities.

(b) The story of Sri Lanka is quite different. It adopted the principle of majoritarianism in which importance was given to the majority community. It denied the Sri Lankan Tamils equal political rights and favoured the Sinhala community. By doing this, Sri Lanka undermined the unity of the country. It refused to share power by allowing a majority community to force its dominance over others.

Question 8. How did the leaders in Belgium and Sri Lanka try to solve the ethnic problem in their respective countries? Answer: Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies. Yet, they dealt with the question of power sharing differently

Question 9. How is power shared among government at different levels in India? (Imp) Answer: India is a federal country. The constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government the Central or Union government, representing the Union of India and the State governments. Later, a third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. The Constitution of India clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government.

There are certain matters on which the Union government alone can make laws. There are others on which the State governments alone can make laws. There are some subjects of common interests to both the Union government as well as the State governments. These matters are handled by both the Union government as well as the State governments in their own ways. The same principle is extended to the level of municipality and panchayat.

Question 10. What do you mean by community government? Explain some of its features. OR Explain the concept of community government in the context of Belgium. Answer: A community government is a government in which different social groups are authorised to handle the affairs of their communities. They share government and often have a common cultural and historical heritage. They work together for the welfare of the common masses without ignoring the interests of any community. The community government in Belgium is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Long Answers Type

Question 1. State the main elements of power sharing model evolved in Belgium. (V. Imp) OR Give an assessment of the power sharing arrangements made in Belgium. OR What did the Belgian leaders do to accommodate different social groups? Answer: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. This came to be known as the Belgian model of power sharing. The main elements of this model are-

(i) The Belgian constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking minister shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.

(ii) Many powers of the Central government have been given to State governments of the two regions of the country. The State governments are not subordinate to the Central government.

(iii) The capital city of Belgium i.e., Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central government.

(iv) There is also a third kind of government in Belgium known as Community government. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues.

Question 2. Explain the four forms of participation in government under modern democratic system. (Imp) Answer: Different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are (i) Horizontal distribution of power: The division of government into the legislature, executive and judiciary is an example of horizontal distribution of power. In this power sharing arrangement, the different organs of government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others.

This results in a balance of power among various institutions. In a democracy, even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies. In the same way, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can put a check on the functioning of executive. This arrangement is based on checks and balances.

(ii) Vertical division of power: ¡fis the sharing of power among governments at different levels a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. In India. the constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of governments i.e., the Central or Union government and the various state governments. There are certain subjects on which the Union government alone can make laws whereas there are others on which the State governments alone can make laws.

(iii) Power sharing among different social groups: This type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the government. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power. A good example of this arrangement is the ‘Community government’ in Belgium. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community such as Dutch, French and German- speaking and enjoys power to make decisions on cultural, educational and language-related issues.

(iv) Power sharing between political parties, pressure groups and movements: In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. Instead it is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Pressure groups and movements also have a share in governmental power. They can either participate in governmental committees or can influence the decisioninaking process.

Question 3. How is the political system in Belgium innovative and different from other countries of the world? Explain. OR What measures were adopted by the Belgian leaders to accommodate regional differences and cultural diversities? (Imp) Answer: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. This came to be known as the Belgian model of power sharing. The main elements of this model are-

(iv) There is also a third kind of government in Belgium known as Community government. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German¬speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Question 4. Describe horizontal and vertical power sharing in modern democracies. Answer: (i) Horizontal distribution of power: The division of government into the legislature, executive and judiciary is an example of horizontal distribution of power. In this power sharing arrangement, the different organs of government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others.

Question 5. What were the reasons for the alienation of Sri Lankan Tamils? What was the effect of this on the country? (V. Imp) OR Mention the steps taken by the Sri Lankan government to adopt majoritarianism in the country. OR What were the provisions of the 1956 Act? How did it affect the Sri Lankan Tamils? Answer: (i) Sri Lanka became independent in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. Hence, the democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

(ii) The government passed an Act in 1956 to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil.

(iii) The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university position and government jobs.

(iv) A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these measures coming one after the other, gradually increased the feelings of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. Hence, they launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity.

But their demands were repeatedly denied. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a civil war as a result of which thousands of people of both the communities were killed.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1. What caused a civil war in Sri Lanka? How did it cost the country? OR Under what circumstances did a civil war break out in Sri Lanka? What were its results? Answer: The Constitution and government policies in Sri Lanka favoured the Sinhala community and denied the Sri Lankan Tamils equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.

But their demands were repeatedly denied. This angered them and created distrust between the two communities. As a result, widespread conflict took place which soon turned into a civil war. Thousands of people of both the communities were killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods. The war caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.

Question 2. How can power be shared among different social groups? Explain giving examples from India and Belgium. Answer: In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in legislatures and administration.

(a) In India, seats are reserved for the people belonging to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Parliament and State legislatures. The system of reservation has been extended to other weaker sections at the district and local levels. One-third of the seats are reserved in rural and urban local bodies for women candidates. Even in government jobs, seats have been reserved for these classes. This type of arrangement has been made in order to bring socially weaker sections and women of the country in the mainstream by empowering them.

(b) In Belgium, apart from the central and the state government, there is a third kind of government, known as community government. This government provides equal representation to both the communities i.e., Dutch and French-speaking people.

Question 3. ‘The idea of power sharing has emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided political power.’ Explain. Answer: For a long time it was believed that all power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located at one place. It was felt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies.

Power Sharing Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Value-based Questions (VBQs)

Question 1. Why is power sharing desirable? Answer: (i) Power sharing helps to reduce conflict between different social groups. It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

(ii) Imposing the will of majority community over others proves disastrous. Tyranny of the majority is not just oppressive for the minority, it often brings ruin to the majority as well.

(iii) A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Question 2. Which values are associated with a good democracy? Answer:

In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society.
Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies.
People are the source of all political power. They rule themselves through institutions of self-government.
Everyone feels his/her worth and extends support to the government.

Question 3. Give a comparative study of the principle of accommodation adopted in Belgium and the principle of majoritarianism adopted in Sri Lanka. Which one is based on the human values? Answer: The Belgian leaders followed the principle of accommodation to solve the ethnic problem. They realised that the unity of the country is possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions. Such realisation resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power. These arrangements have worked well so far. They helped to avoid civic strife between the two communities.

But the Sri Lankan leaders adopted the principle of majoritarianism to solve the same problem. They imposed the will of the majority community i.e., Sinhala on the minority community i.e., Sri Lankan Tamils. The Belgian model is based on human values.

CBSE Notes For Class 10
Class 10 Social Science Political Science
Chapter 1 Power Sharing

CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

In Class 9, you have studied that in a democracy, all power does not rest with any one organ of the government. An intelligent sharing of power among the legislature, executive and judiciary is very important for the design of democracy. In this chapter, the idea of power-sharing is explained in detail, drawing parallels between the stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka. Also, you will learn the different forms of power sharing.

You can download the CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 – Power Sharing in PDF format from the link below.

Chapter 2 Federalism
Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity
Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste
Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements
Chapter 6 Political Parties
Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy
Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy

CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 – Power Sharing

Story of belgium.

Belgium is a small country in Europe with a population of over 1 crore, about half the population of Haryana. Of the country’s total population, 59% speak the Dutch language, 40% of people speak French, and the remaining 1% speak German. Look at the map below to know the language variation of Belgium. The minority French-speaking community was rich and powerful, so they got the benefit of economic development and education. This created tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.

CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 Belgium Map

Accommodation in Belgium

In Belgium, the government handled the community difference very well. Between 1970 and 1993, Belgian leaders amended their constitution four times and came up with a new model to run the government.

Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model.

The Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
Brussels has a separate government in which both communities have equal representation.
Apart from the Central and the State Governments, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

The Belgium model was very complicated, but it helped to avoid civic strife between the two major communities.

Story of Sri Lanka

Now, let’s take the situation of another country, Sri Lanka. It is an island nation having a population of 2 crores, about the same as Haryana. Sri Lanka has a diverse population. The major social groups are the Sinhala speakers (74%) and the Tamil speakers (18%). Among Tamils, there are two subgroups, “Sri Lankan Tamils” and “Indian Tamils”. You can see the map below to know the population distribution of different communities in Sri Lanka.

CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 Sri Lanka Map

In Sri Lanka, the Sinhala community enjoyed the bigger majority and imposed its will on the entire country.

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The Sinhala community was in the majority, so they formed the government. They also followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. These measures taken by the government gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. Sri Lankan Tamils felt that the Constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. Due to this, the relationship between the Sinhala and Tamil communities become poor. Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggled for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and for equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand was repeatedly denied by the government. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict and turned into a civil war. As a result, thousands of people from both communities have been killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees, and many more lost their livelihoods. The civil war ended in 2009 and caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.

What have you learned from the stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka?

Both countries are democracies, but they deal differently with the concept of power-sharing.
In Belgium, the leaders have realised that the unity of the country is possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions. This resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power.
Sri Lanka shows that if a majority community wants to force its dominance over others and refuses to share power, it can undermine the unity of the country.

Why is power sharing desirable?

You will find the answer to this question in the points below.

Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
The second reason is that a democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Let us call the first set of reasons Prudential and the second moral. The prudential reasons stress that power-sharing will bring out better outcomes, whereas the moral reasons emphasise the act of power-sharing as valuable.

Form of Power Sharing

Most of you must think that sharing power = dividing power = weakening the country. A similar thing was believed in the past. It was assumed that all the power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located in one place. Otherwise, it would be very difficult to make quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, in a democratic country, political power should be distributed among citizens.

In modern democracies, power sharing can take many forms, as mentioned below:

Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary . This is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
Power can be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level, which is called the federal government.
Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share of power.
Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. When two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections, and if they get elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power.

We have compiled History, Geography, Political Science, and Geography notes in one place. You can access them by visiting CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes at BYJU’S. Keep learning and stay tuned for further updates on CBSE and other competitive exams. Download BYJU’S App and subscribe to the YouTube channel to access interactive maths and science videos.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Political Science Notes Chapter 1: Power Sharing

What is ‘power sharing’.

Power sharing means the distribution of power among the organs of the government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.

What are the languages spoken in Belgium?

Belgium is composed of four language areas: the Dutch language area, the French language area, the German language area (9 municipalities in the east of Belgium) and the bilingual Brussels-Capital area.

Where is Sri Lanka located?

Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean, located to the south of the Indian Subcontinent, sprawling over an area of 65,525 sq. km.

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter
Contents. Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Power Sharing Case Study 1: Case Study 2: Case Study 3: Case Study 4: Case Study 5: At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given ...
Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Case Based Questions
Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Case Based Questions - Democratic Politics - II - Class 10 - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Social Studies (SST) Class 10 - Best notes, free PDF download
Power Sharing Class 10 Notes CBSE Political Science Chapter 1 ...
Chapter 1 Power Sharing - Free PDF. Class 10 SST Civics Chapter 1 - Power Sharing is available for the students in PDF form so that you can access it easily. Download the Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 in PDF form and study anywhere on your device. This chapter discusses one of the fundamentals of the Indian political system.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing
At the starting of the chapter, there are two stories from Belgium and Sri Lanka. Both these stories tell us how democracies handle demands for power-sharing. The stories yield some general conclusions about the need for power-sharing in democracy. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing are provided here.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing
Updated by Tiwari Academy. on September 3, 2023, 4:30 AM. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 Power Sharing in English and Hindi Medium updated for current academic session 2024-25. The question answers of 10th Political Science chapter 1 is modified and revised as per the new NCERT textbooks published for 2024-25 exams.
NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Social Science
NCERT Book Solutions for Class 10 Civics Democratic Politics-II Chapter 1 Power-sharing - CBSE Free PDF Download. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 - Power-sharing contain the solutions to the exercises given in the Civics book - Democratic Politics-II. In this chapter, students will mainly find questions related to the vertical division of power-sharing among different ...
NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing
Q.2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context. [CBSE Sept. 2010] (i) (a) India is a multicultural society. (b) India is a democratic country. More Resources for CBSE Class 10. Q.3. After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions.
NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 : Power
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power-sharing. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 contains all the questions with detailed solutions. Students are advised to practice these questions for better understanding of the concepts given in the chapter. Ananya Gupta. April 14, 2024. Table of Contents.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 1
Make sure to read the chapter at least twice or thrice. The PDFs of the NCERT Solutions are also available on the Vedantu app free of cost. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 1 Power Sharing: Download Class 10 Social Power Sharing NCERT Solutions FREE PDF solved by master teachers updated for the year 2024-25.
Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions
Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 1. Class 10 HISTORY: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of 'democratic and social Republics', as he called them.
Chapter 1: Power-Sharing
The solutions to the exercises in the Civics textbook, Democratic Politics-II, are included in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 - Power-sharing. Students will mostly encounter power sharing class 10 question answers in this chapter that deal with the vertical distribution of power among various levels of government.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing
Dipen. 19th January 2024. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics (Political Science) Chapter 1 Power Sharing help students to score good marks in the exams. These NCERT Solutions are prepared by expert teachers best on the latest NCERT Books. Here we have provided answers to all the questions in a very easy language.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power
Answer: Two different sets of reasons can be given in favour of power sharing. 1. Prudential reason: Power sharing reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups. Social conflicts often lead to violence and political instability, so power sharing ensures the stability of political order.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Ch 1 Power Sharing Civics
Chapter 1 Power Sharing NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics will be useful in knowing the useful points given in the chapter. This chapter contains many important topics such as accommodation in Belgium, majoritarianism in Sri Lanka, why power sharing is desirable, forms of power-sharing such as among different organs of government, among governments at different levels, among different social ...
CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 Power-sharing
Here are the CBSE Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1 Power-sharing Important Questions that will help students to prepare for the board exams. Solving these questions covering the important topics of the chapter help students to revise the chapter more proficiently.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power
Get here NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Democratic Politics Chapter 1 - Power Sharing. Download free NCERT solutions to get the best explained answers.
Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing
This system of power sharing is referred to as a system of 'checks and balances' because : . (i) All three organs are placed at the same level of power. (ii) The power distribution ensures that no organ enjoys unlimited powers. (iii) Each organ exercises a check on the others. OR.
NCERT Solutions for Class-10 Civic Chapter-1: Power-Sharing
Power-Sharing - Class 10 NCERT Solution discusses that power-sharing is a fundamental principle of democracy. It is the process of sharing power among different social groups, political parties, and regions of a country. Power-sharing is important because it ensures that all groups in a society have a say in how they are governed. It also helps to prevent conflict and promote harmony among ...
Power Sharing Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions ...
11. Power shared among different organs of government is known as horizontal distribution of power. Give reason. Answer: Because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. 12. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing from the Indian content.
CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 Notes
Candidates can refer to the Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Notes to understand the concept of power-sharing. The CBSE revision notes are generated according to the NCERT books and CBSE syllabus so that important topics can be included properly as per the official guidelines issued. Discover a new era of education with ...
PDF Power-sharing
As a result thousands of people of both the communities have been killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods. You have read (Chapter 1 of Economics textbook, Class X) about Sri Lanka's excellent record of economic development, education and health.
Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Power Sharing
Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists. Power Sharing Extra Question Answer Question 9. Name the ethnic communities of Sri Lanka. Answer: Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Muslims. Extra Questions On Power Sharing Class 10 Question 10. By 1980s several political organisations were formed by the Sri Lankan Tamils.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science (Civics)
Class 10 Civics book contains a total of 8 chapters. Students can access the NCERT Solutions of these chapters by clicking on the respective chapter link. Chapter 1: Power-sharing. Chapter 2: Federalism. Chapter 3: Gender, Religion and Caste. Chapter 4: Political Parties. Chapter 5: Outcomes of Democracy.
CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1
CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 1 - Power Sharing. In Class 9, you have studied that in a democracy, all power does not rest with any one organ of the government. An intelligent sharing of power among the legislature, executive and judiciary is very important for the design of democracy.

Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Power Sharing

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

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Exatra Questions Class 10 Civics Chapter 1

How do pressure groups and interest groups share power in democracy?

What do we learn from the two stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka?

Important Questions on Class 10 Civics Chapter 1

State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Why is power sharing desirable? Explain a three forms of powers sharing in modern democracies with example.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power-sharing

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Civics - Class 10

Introduction

Intext Questions:

Question 2: Look at the maps of Belgium and Sri Lanka. In which region, do you find concentration of different communities?

Question 3: What’s wrong if the majority community rules? If Sinhalas don’t rule in Sri Lanka, where else will they rule?

Question 4: What kind of a solution is this? I am glad our Constitution does not say which minister will come from which community.

Question 5: So you are saying that sharing of power makes us more powerful. Sounds odd! Let me think.

Question 7: can you help poor Vikram in answering Vetal?

Question 9: In my school, the class monitors changes every month. Is that what you call a power sharing arrangement?

Question 10: Here are some examples of power sharing. Which of the four types of power sharing do these represent? Who is sharing power with whom?

Question 1: What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.

Question 2: State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Question 8: Match List I (forms of power sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:

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