write an expository essay on how to produce garri

How To Make Garri (Comprehensive Guide)

Garri is a dry crisp and granular flour made from fresh cassava pulp. Cassava is a common crop in Central and South America and in the tropical areas of West Africa.

It is one of the many foods that are not edible raw because they have harmful substances and anti-nutrients in their skins and flesh.

They need to be processed or cooked well to remove the toxins and make them safe and tasty to eat.

Some of the popular products that cassava can be turned into are garri, topiaco, cassava flour, and chips.

The different steps involved in making these products from fresh cassava reduce the toxicity to a level that is suitable for human consumption.

In this article, we will focus on garri, especially how it is made from fresh cassava pulp.

We will explain the whole process of producing garri from fresh cassava and show you how to store garri properly for longer use.

write an expository essay on how to produce garri

Toxicity of Cassava

Cassava, as we have seen, is a harmful root tuber when it is raw because it has toxins in its skin and flesh.

The main toxin is a chemical compound called linamarin which turns into hydrogen cyanide when it is eaten.

Cyanide exposure (from breathing or swallowing) can cause problems like goiter, and nerve disorders like tropical ataxic neuropathy and epidemic spastic paraparesis.

In some cases, it can also cause death.

There is a big difference in toxicity between the sweet and bitter varieties of cassava.

Sweet cassava roots have low levels of cyanide; less than 50mg per kilogram hydrogen cyanide on fresh weight basis, while bitter cassava root can have up to 400mg per kilogram hydrogen cyanide.

It is important to process cassava roots (using effective reduction techniques) to remove the cyanide compounds in them and lower the chances of cyanide poisoning.

There are old methods that have been used for this purpose and one of the most common in West Africa is the garri making process which we’ll be exploring below.

What Are The Steps In Making Garri

The process of making garri from cassava tubers involves seven hard steps that lower the total cyanide levels by about 83-96%.

At this level, the toxins are much less than the deadly dose and are safe to eat.

The steps must be done carefully, otherwise, cyanide can still stay in the final product and harm people who eat it.

The steps to change cassava into garri are:

Peeling and Washing Of Cassava Roots
Grating and Bagging
Fermenting and Dewatering
Re-sieving (or Grading).

1) Peeling and Washing Of Cassava Roots

Peeling is the first and a very important step (if not the most important step) in the garri making process.

Peeling, like other steps, helps to remove the toxins from cassava roots by getting rid of the skin and cortex layer which have the most cyanide compounds.

By getting rid of these parts, about 50% of the total toxins in cassava roots is reduced. Fresh and good cassava roots should be used for making garri.

Peel off the skin and cortex layer (or the inner cream layer) of the cassava root using a sharp knife or a peeling machine.

Avoid cutting the roots with a knife or peeler to get more garri from them.

Any bad or hard parts of the cassava roots should be cut off as well.

After peeling, wash the bare cassava roots with clean water to remove dirt and stains which can spoil the quality of the final product.

2) Grating and Bagging

Grating breaks down the cassava roots and releases hydrogen cyanide which is the poison made in the stomach when cyanogens are eaten.

Most of the hydrogen cyanide (and other types of cyanides) are removed during later fermentation, dewatering, roasting and drying steps.

Grating is good at removing linamarin (which is the main type of cyanide in cassava roots).

After washing, let the cassava roots dry for about an hour, then turn them into a wet paste.

A machine or a hand grater can be used for this. The hand grater is usually a piece of metal sheet with holes on one side to make a rough surface on the other.

One way of hand grating is rubbing the cassava roots against the rough surface of the metal until only about 3% of each cassava root is left.

These bits are too small to grate because of the risk of hurting fingers on the metal surface.

During grating, put the wet cassava paste into a clean bowl and then move it into a bag; a jute bag, a plastic bag with holes, or a clean woven plastic bag.

3) Fermenting and Dewatering

Fermentation removes some of the hydrogen cyanide in water by soaking for a long time. Dewatering gets rid of most of the cyanide in the water that comes out of the mash.

Method one (Fermenting before dewatering):

Put the bag of mash on a rack and let it ferment for 1-4 days depending on how you like it. Fermenting for longer makes the final product more sour but also removes more cyanide than fermenting for shorter.

At least 72 hours of fermenting is good for getting rid of cyanide. During fermenting, some of the white water from the mash will come out of the bag.

After fermenting, take the bag of mash from the rack and press it using a machine or a screw.

Take the bag out of the press when the mash has about 40-50% water in it. You can tell that by seeing when the white water stops coming out of the bag and the bag is still wet.

Don’t take out too much water or the garri will not roast well. Leaving too much water will also make the garri clumpy when roasting. Aim for 40-50% water in the mash.

Method two (Fermenting and dewatering at the same time):

During fermenting, put pressure on the bag of mash by putting heavy stones on it, or by twisting the top of the bag and squeezing water out of it.

Pressing the bag between wooden poles with ropes would also work. Make the bag tighter every day to help more white water come out.

Fermenting is a very important step for the taste, smell, safety and texture of the final product.

Sieving is needed to get a uniform grain that is good for roasting.

During sieving, the lump made from the dewatering step is broken into smaller bits (by hand or a hand machine or a power machine).

Big lumps and stringy parts of the grains are taken out.

Take out the hard lump from the bag and make it into smaller grains (or grits). Use hand, hand sieve or a mechanical sieve to do this and make sure to take out stringy and lumpy parts.

5) Roasting

Roasting eliminates some of the remaining cyanide from fermentation by means of evaporation.

It is a crucial operation in terms of the development of flavor and edibility of garri. Roasting partially gelatinizes garri and dries it to a moisture content of 18%.

Smear a thin layer of edible oil onto a large roasting pan, cast over fire.

Traditional roasting methods employ shallow cast-iron pans or earthenware pans, over an open wood fire, whereas modern industrial methods employ a mechanized garri frying/drying machine.

The use of red oil facilitates cyanide removal more compared to other fats and oils. Red oil produces a yellowish tinge on the final product and gives it a finer texture.

Fats and oils with good nutritional value should be used to supplement the loss of nutrients of high value from the cassava roots during processing.

Transfer the grits from the sieving operation (in batches) onto the surface of the frying pan and cook using a combination of stirring and quick pressing of the mash against the hot surface of the pan.

Use a large wooden spatula or a calabash for the operation and allow intermittent breaks (while stirring) to allow proper gelatinization of the grits.

When the temperature of the mash reaches 80 to 85 degrees (about 30-35 minutes), or the grits are cream white and crisp, the frying operation is completed.

Leave a small amount of garri on the frying pan to facilitate the roasting of the next batch.

Drying eliminates the remaining cyanide from the roasting operation by means of evaporation.

At the end of drying, about 83-96 % of the total cyanogenic content of cassava is reduced and the final product is edible and stable.

The final moisture content of the cassava mash is also reduced to about 10%, so the product is more crisp.

Transfer the roasted garri onto an elevated platform in the open air and spread thinly, allowing to cool completely in order to evaporate any remnant of cyanide from the preceding stages (about 4-5 hrs).

7) Re-sieving or Grading

Re-sieving ensures a finer and more even granules of garri.

Re-sieving improves the aesthetic value of garri, which is an important factor for sellers during marketing.

After drying, grade the resulting granules by sieving (using a standard sieve size) to produce finer granules.

Improving the Nutritional Contents of Garri

Garri produced from the method above has a not so impressive nutrient profile.

The biggest issue isn’t the modest nutritional content of the cassava roots from which it’s derived, but rather in the nutrient-leaching process that takes place during garri production.

Essential nutrients like vitamin C and protein, initially present in substantial amounts in cassava roots, are diminished to near negligible levels once processed into garri.

What remains is a carbohydrate-heavy grain (comprised largely of resistant starch), offering a meager amount of essential vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.

However, this can be rectified by fortifying garri with nutrient-dense foods during processing.

Fortification Techniques for Garri:

Incorporation of Palm Oil:

Palm oil is a rich source of Vitamin A. Adding it during the roasting or fermentation stages significantly augments the Vitamin A content in garri, thus enhancing its nutritional value.

Selection of Yellow Cassava Cultivars:

The yellow flesh variety of cassava brims with vitamin A compared to its white counterpart. Using yellow cassava cultivars would result in a more nutrition-packed product, particularly pumping up its vitamin A content which is crucial for maintaining good vision and fortifying the immune system.

Introduction of Protein-Dense Foods:

Protein-rich foods like soybean and its derivatives such as paste, milk residue or flour can be incorporated into garri to augment its protein concentration.

How To Store Garri

Just like any other food product, garri requires appropriate storage measures to prevent the onset of spoilage, particularly from mold growth and moisture accumulation, both factors that can adversely affect its crispness and shelf life.

Garri should always be stored in plastic bags or polyethylene bags that are lined with plastic, ensuring airtight conditions.

This step is pivotal as it prevents moisture ingress which could trigger deterioration and dampen its cherished crisp texture.

Furthermore, it’s crucial to place these bags on pellets or elevated surfaces rather than directly on the ground.

A well-ventilated room is an optimum space for storage because it helps maintain relatively constant temperature and humidity levels.

By adhering to these storage steps, you can preserve your garri in prime condition for up to a year.

How To Process Cassava Into Garri

This cassava processing guide will take you through every step you need to know on how to process cassava to garri.

You will find this article very helpful especially if you wish to make money from this area of the cassava farming business.

Follow this step-by-step guide to cassava processing and you will be well on your way to producing tasty garri.

Alright, let’s dive right into it.

Table of Contents

What is Garri

Garri is a type of carbohydrate food that you get from processing raw cassava.

It is a major meal in many West African countries, especially Nigeria and the Igbo people in particular.

You can eat garri by soaking it in cold water with sugar or honey.

To make the food very rich, you can add milk, coconut, palm kernel nuts, dry fish, groundnuts, or porridge beans (cowpea).

Another way to eat garri is by making pasta with it and eating it with a delicious soup like egusi soup, okra soup, vegetable soup, etc.

What is the shelf life of garri?

The way you process your garri and how you store it can affect how long it will stay on the shelf.

When you process cassava properly you can store it for up to six months or more.

Fry or Roast your garri properly to reduce its moisture content which is usually the main cause of spoilage.

To make your garri have a longer shelf-life you must properly dry it to lower moisture content level using airtight plastic buckets.

Do not store garri in a moist environment or leave them open in areas with high humidity.

If you do this, your garri will begin to develop molds and spoil.

Package your garri properly in sacks and store them in a cool dry place.

Cassava Processing into Garri

Of course, you already know that you first need to harvest the quantity of cassava that you will use to produce garri.

In processing cassava into garri, the raw cassava must undergo a series of processing steps.

The cassava processing steps include the following;

Harvest and sort your cassava to get the best
Peel the cassava roots
Wash and clean the cassava root
Grate the cassava roots into a mash
Ferment the Cassava Mash to Remove Hydrocyanic Acid
Press the cassava sack to drain the water in the garri
After draining the garri mash, sift the wet cake into grits
Fry or roast the grits to form edible garri
Spread the garri in a thin layer and allow it to cool
Sieve or grind the garri to break larger granules
Pack the garri in airtight bags and store them properly

The essence of subjecting your cassava to all these processes is to remove the hydrogen cyanide in cassava and produce the desirable flavors.

This research by researchers at Ohio State University shows that the proper processing of cassava – drying, soaking in water, rinsing, or baking effectively reduces cassava’s cyanogen content.

Frying or roasting (whichever word you prefer) the garri will drive off cyanide gas and destroy enzymes and microorganisms.

This will make the garri dry, and fit for immediate consumption, and the product will have a longer shelf life.

The end product is creamy-white or light-yellowish granular flour with a slightly sour flavor.

Some people add palm oil to their garri to give it a yellowish color. However, this is dependent on your taste.

How to process cassava into garri

Step 1: harvest and sort your cassava to get the best.

This is the last step in cassava farming and the first step in the process of garri production.

After harvesting your cassava from the farm, select only healthy whole roots that are appropriate for producing garri.

Because there is a need to select healthy cassava tubers, you need to sort your roots and pick the best ones.

After the sorting, transport the tubers to the cassava processing plant.

Harvested cassava to be processed into garri

Step 2: Peel the Cassava Roots

When you reach the cassava processing plant, peel the cassava root using a knife.

You can also peel the roots before taking them to the cassava processing plant, especially if the processing plant has a good waste disposal system.

Some processing plants have complete cassava processing machines including peelers which you can use to peel larger quantities of cassava.

Step 3: Wash and clean the cassava root

Wash the fresh cassava roots in clean water to remove excess mud and sand.

Use a clean sponge or scourer to wash the cassava clean, removing extra peel, spots, or dirt.

There is a special garri processing machine for this step too.

This step of Garri processing is very important so that the quality of the final Garri is without sand.

Step 4: Grate the Cassava Roots into Mash

The need to grate cassava roots into mash is to remove some cyanide from the roots in the process.

In ancient times, people use a rough metal sheet to grate the cassava by hand. They usually sustain severe injuries on their fingers.

Nowadays, there is more efficient cassava processing machinery which is safer and easier to operate.

There are also many locally fabricated garri processing machinery in Nigeria that you can get at an affordable price. However, the grating machine must be one with a stainless steel grating drum.

If you use a grater that is in any way less than stainless steel, you may be risking introducing rust and contaminating your product.

To grate the cassava using cassava grating machinery, load the roots carefully onto the engine while it is running to grate it into a mash.

Collect the mash from the output port of the machinery into a clean bowl.

The next step is to pour it into a clean polythene sack and allow it to ferment and drain.

A local garri press for cassava processing into garri

NEVER Ever try to use your hands to force the roots deeper into the grater while it is still running!

OMG! I can’t imagine the gravity of injury you will sustain if the machine mistakenly grabs your hand.

Step 5: Ferment the Cassava Mash to Remove Hydrocyanic Acid

The essence of fermenting the cassava mash is to get rid of the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) which is natural in cassava tubers.

You must control the fermentation process properly because if you leave it to ferment for a very short period, it will result in incomplete detoxification and a bland product.

If you leave the cassava mash to ferment for too long a period, it will give the product a strong sour taste.

So, both over-fermentation and under-fermentation of garri will greatly affect the texture of the final gari.

How to Ferment Cassava mash in cassava processing

Collect the cassava slurry into a clean polythene sack.
Tie the sack using a very strong chord
Arrange the sack of cassava slurry in the fermentation rack.
Allow it to stay for one or more days to ferment
While waiting for the garri to ferment enough, prepare the press for pressing.

Step 6: Press the cassava sack to drain the water in the garri

Before going into sifting and frying the garri, you need to drain the water completely.

You know you can’t achieve that by squeezing the bag of garri with your hands.

So, you have to Load the bags directly onto a hydraulic press and tighten them very well.

Some people, especially those in rural areas, use wood and strong chords to tie the bag of garri. Some, place a heavy stone on the bag of garri to increase the pressure.

This is a very slow and unhygienic method of draining water from your garri. It is not a good method for a commercial garri producer.

The key thing to note in this step is to find the perfect moisture balance for the garri.

If after pressing the garri mash it is too wet, it will get lumpy during roasting. Also, if it is too dry, it will be too floury and dustlike.

How to know that the garri is ready for frying is that it will form a firm wet cake inside the bag.

Another way is when no more water comes out of the bag, it means that the garri is ready for the next step.

You will need to break it apart so that it comes out in smaller blocks which you can crush with your hands for sifting.

Step 7: After draining the garri mash, sift the wet cake into grits

In this step, all you have to do is to take out the wet garri cake and break it down with your hands.

What you will have will be grits of garri. Using a sifter, sift the garri grits to remove the lumps and fibrous roots it contains.

The aim is to obtain a high-quality product with uniform-size granules.

Step 8: Fry or roast the grits to form edible garri

To fry the garri, gently spread some quantity of the grits into a frying pan or a garri fryer made of stainless steel material.

A garri fryer can make use of electricity, natural gas, firewood, or charcoal as the heat source.

Whatever the source of heat is does not matter, what matters is the consistency of the temperature.

Use a temperature of 80 ºC/175 ºF to fry the garri until it is okay for removal.

If you use lower temperatures, the product will simply dry up slowly and produce a dry white powder.

Also, if the temperature is too high, it will result in the charring of the product and it will make it stick to the roasting pan.

One thing you must do is always stir the garri until it is ready for evacuation from the fryer.

Doing this will make the heat spread uniformly throughout the garri roasting process.

You can also use an air fryer for this process.

How to know that your garri is ready after roasting?

Scoop a little quantity of the garri out of the fryer
Let the hot garri cool down a little
Handle it with your hand and judge; if it is dry and crispy, then it is ready for evacuation, otherwise, continue frying.

When the garri finally gets the right texture, scoop everything out of the fryer and repeat the process of frying another quantity of garri until you finish everything.

Step 9: Spread the garri in a thin layer and allow it to cool

After roasting the garri, spread it in a thin layer on a platform that is higher than ground level and allow it to cool.

The reason for spreading the garri on a high platform is to prevent sand from entering it.

Also, when you are cooling your garri, make sure the environment does not have high humidity.

Garri is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air.

As a result, you must ensure that the humidity of the environment is conducive and dry enough for the garri.

Step 10: Sieve or grind the garri to break larger granules

As soon as the garri becomes cool enough, use a sieve to remove the larger granules in the product.

Alternatively, you can use a grinder to break down the larger granules into smaller ones.

Some people just pack everything the way it is.

In fact, a woman once told me that if you make eba (garri pasta) it rises better when it has granules.

There’s no justification for her claim anyway. If it’s true, please share it in the comment. Thanks.

Step 11: Pack the garri in airtight bags and store them properly

You have come to the final stage of this guide for cassava processing into garri.

Because of the hygroscopic nature of garri, it should be packed in airtight and moisture-proof bags.

This is very important especially in areas of high humidity, to prevent mold growth.

Pour the fine Garri into a plastic lining inside a woven polythene sack and store it in a cool dry place.

How do you make garri?

After growing and harvesting fresh cassava , peel the tubers, wash and grate them to produce a mash. Use a porous bag to bag the mash to remove excess water. If you want the yellow garri then add red palm oil and mix thoroughly before bagging. Placed the bag in an adjustable press machine, allow to drain for some hours, and then sift to remove fibrous roots before frying.

What is the English name of garri?

The English name for garri is granulated cassava or cassava granules. You can also call it Coarse-grained cassava.

Does garri expire?

Yes, garri can expire and go bad if you do not store it properly. With proper storage, garri has a shelf-life of six months or more. Make sure to dry the garri properly before storage to preserve it for a long time.

How do you remove cyanide from garri?

The process of making garri follows a series of operations such as grating, draining, fermenting, and roasting. During those stages of processing cassava to garri, about 80 to 95% of cyanide is removed.

Groundnut Farming Process Made Simple

Potato Farming Guide – How to Grow Potatoes Step-By-Step Guide

The Study of Agricultural Crops that Make It Possible to Feed People

Cassava Farming Process

Weed Control Measures in Maize Farming

5 Best Herbicides for Cassava Weed Management

23 comments.

who will teach me how to grow me chicken and state gari project

I haven’t started it but I found the article so interesting and simple to follow.more upgrade.

Nice. I look forward to you own result when you apply the steps recommended in this article.

Best wishes.

Very explicable!!!

Thank you. I’m glad you found this cassava processing guide helpful.

Weldone agronomist more grace

Thank you, Daniel. I’m glad this guide on how to process cassava into garri was helpful to you.

Mr. Chibuzo God bless you sir

Thank you very much.

This is a great write up. God bless this hand

Thanks, a lot.

God bless the innovator of this program, Mr Mbazu Chibuzor, you’ve really done well for humanity, even the lay man can lay hands on it and succeed in the business.

Thanks, for your feedback.

Thank you this information.

You are welcome.

This is a very interesting research and it is informative and very practical. Additionally, to hasten the fermentation process and achieve desired taste and flavor of gari, one can add an inoculum from a previously fermented gari.

Thanks for sharing this tip.

What the woman say is true, the eba draws well when it has granules. Boil your water, put in a bowl and add your garri, cover it for five minutes to soak before turning it

Thanks for laying emphasis on that, Glory.

Thanks for this teachings

You are welcome, Debbie.

Thanks so much for your help

You’re welcome

How to Make Garri (Cassava Flour) from Raw Cassava

Last Updated: October 1, 2023 References

This article was co-authored by Elsie Glasu-Atunuwa and by wikiHow staff writer, Amber Crain . Elsie Glasu-Atunuwa is a West African Chef and the Founder of Trices Cafe and Lounge in San Antonio, Texas. Elsie learned to cook from her mother, using only the finest ingredients to create great flavors. Her mother’s training and her own imagination allow her to create delicious traditional West African dishes to satisfy customers, friends, family, and colleagues. Her team specializes in serving dishes from Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroun. They also offer catering for all occasions. Elsie studies General Science and holds a doctorate degree in Nursing from Grand Canyon University. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 146,557 times.

Cassava flour, traditionally called garri, is made with fresh cassava root. It's very common in West-African countries such as Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. The process for making garri isn't difficult, but it does require some traditional techniques that may be unfamiliar to you. Don't worry—we're going to walk you through the process from start to finish and explain everything you need to know!

Peel off the skin of the cassava tubers.

Use a vegetable grater or peel the skin off with your fingers.

A sharp paring knife will also do the trick. [2] X Research source

Chop the root into smaller pieces.

Cut off and discard the ends with a sharp knife.

Cutting the root into smaller pieces makes it easier to grind.

Wash the peeled tubers with water.

Rinse thoroughly since the skin sheds a lot of dirt during peeling.

Grind the pieces with a cassava mill.

The mill reduces the cassava root to a watery, pulpy mash.

If you don’t have access to a motorized grater, use a manual cassava grater or rasper instead.

Pack the pulp in baskets and wait 1-2 days.

Store the pulp at room temperature so it ferments properly.

Fermentation is crucial for breaking down the cyanide compounds in cassava root. If the cyanide isn't broken down, your batch of flour could be lethal. Proper fermentation is very efficient at this job, though, so try not to worry!

Transfer the pulp into porous bags.

Polypropylene sacks can also be used for this purpose. [8] X Trustworthy Source Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for leading international efforts to end world hunger and improve nutrition Go to source

Put the bags under heavy weights for 1-2 days.

This removes most of the moisture from your pulp.

If you have a manual screw press, use that to "de-water" the pulp a lot faster. [10] X Trustworthy Source Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for leading international efforts to end world hunger and improve nutrition Go to source
If the pulp still looks a bit watery after 2 days, give it 1 more day to finish the process. [11] X Research source

Press the pulp through a wide sieve.

Pressing separates the powder and removes fibers and lumps.

Traditionally, the powder was pressed through a sieve made of palm branches. [13] X Research source

Fry the powder in a pan until it’s very dry.

Working in small batches is more efficient and thorough.

Heating the flour gets rid of any remaining cyanide gas, so it's really important! It also kills enzymes and microorganisms in the flour.

Grind the garri and store it in an airtight container.

As long as garri is properly stored, it stays fresh for 6 months. [16] X Trustworthy Source Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for leading international efforts to end world hunger and improve nutrition Go to source

Community Q&A

Expert Interview

Thanks for reading our article! If you'd like to learn more about cassava (yuca), check out our in-depth interview with Elsie Glasu-Atunuwa .

↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cassava-flour
↑ https://www.dominicancooking.com/19155-how-to-peel-yuca-cassava.html
↑ https://www.igboguide.org/guests/garri-process.htm
↑ https://edepot.wur.nl/175663
↑ http://www.fao.org/3/au140e/au140e.pdf
↑ https://www.cooksinfo.com/gari-cassava

About This Article

Send fan mail to authors

Reader Success Stories

Feb 18, 2021

Did this article help you?

MUSTAPHA N.

Oct 11, 2023

Mb_75287e4c0584

Nov 10, 2023

Featured Articles

Watch Articles

Terms of Use
Privacy Policy
Do Not Sell or Share My Info
Not Selling Info

wikiHow Tech Help Pro:

Level up your tech skills and stay ahead of the curve

Prices Ghana

Gari production in ghana: step by step guide.

Gari (also known as tapioca or Garri) is the most commonly sold processed cassava product in Ghana and Africa today. Estimates suggest that more than 75% of the cassava grown in Africa ends up being processed into gari.

Gari prices are often thought of as a good way to figure out how much cassava people want and how much is available.

However, the price of cassava and its derivatives has skyrocketed in recent years, particularly in Ghana. Because of Africa’s population expansion, it has become impossible to produce enough cassava to feed a large number of ‘ordinary” Ghanaians.

Even though Ghana has a good climate, fertile soils, and cheap labor, it hasn’t been able to fully benefit from the huge profits made by the world’s cassava trade.

The gari prices are a good indicator of the demand for and supply of cassava in the market. Fufu, lafun, and abacha are some of the other processed cassava products that are popular in the traditional (food) market. Although it is still in the early stages of development, the potential for automated cassava processing in Ghana is quite great.

In this post, we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to produce garri in Ghana. This post is meant for people who want to produce Garri for sale as well as those who want to produce it for personal consumption.

The following are the primary phases in the garri-producing process:

Sorting the cassava tuber : Some roots of the cassava tuber may be damaged or decayed after harvesting. These are sorted in order to pick the wholesome roots for processing; only healthy roots (i.e., those that are free of rot or other damage) should be used in the processing procedure.
Cleaning and peeling cassava roots: Freshly gathered cassava roots are coated with soil and dirt, and they must be washed and peeled. In the garri production process, the roots are peeled to remove the outer brown skin and the inner thick cream layer, and they are then cleaned to remove stains and debris. It is important to check the water supply on a regular basis to ensure that it is not filthy or polluted.
Grating of the cassava : Gratification of cassava is a step in the process of removing cyanide and making the root suitable for consumption. Automatic graters are needed in the cassava mash manufacturing process in order to make enough cassava mash to meet market and industry needs.
The de-watering and fermentation stages : This is where the cyanide in the cassava mash is removed. The amount of water in the mash is reduced by the use of a hydraulic press. After that, the bags are left to drain and ferment for a few days before being used again.
Granulating: Cassava mash is mechanically reduced in size, resulting in fine granules with a higher surface area, also known as grits.
Gari frying: The grits are roasted or fried in a hot frying tray or pan to produce a dry and crispy texture. Garri is often white or cream in color, although it can be yellow if prepared from yellow cassava roots or fried in palm oil. Gari is created from yellow cassava roots or fried in palm oil. It is critical to ensure that the flavor and odor are acceptable to local customers before proceeding. Gari is made from yellow cassava roots and palm oil, which are both high in vitamin A and provide a nutritious source of energy. They are stretched on a high platform in the open air to cool and dry after they have been roasted.
Sieving : The Gari is sieved to remove coarse particles, and a standard-sized sieve is used to generate fine granules from the coarse particles once they have been separated. The big grains are broken down into smaller pieces with the help of a grinder.

That’s all in the step-by-step guide on garri production in Ghana.

Profitable Farming Ideas in Ghana

Cocoa Production in Ghana: Step by Step Guide

List of Poultry Farms in Ghana

Rabbit Farming In Ghana: How To Get Started (2023)

Best Farming Regions in Ghana

A Beginners’ Guide to Maize Production in Ghana

About the author.

Fufu flour processing machine
Modified cassava flour processing machine
Garri processing machine
Cassava flour processing machine
Sweet potato starch machine
Potato starch processing machine
Cassava starch processing machine
2TPD garri processing plant successfully installed in Ondo State, Nigeria
Cassava starch processing project in Oyo state of Nigeria completed installation
2T/h potato starch making plant project was successfully installed in Heilongjiang!
8tph cassava flour processing plant project successfully installed in Kinshasa, Congo
Pakanbaru 20t/h tapioca starch production plant
1TPH garri processing plant project in Liberia
20TPD sweet potato starch processing plant project in Guizhou, China!
1TPH Garri processing plant was installed in Nigeria
20TPD cassava starch processing plant project in Nigeria
30TPH potato starch processing plant project in Henan, China

The processes involved in garri production

Leave a message
Chat online

Garri is produced from cassava tubers and popularly known in Africa. It is one of popular edible food in west Africa. Especially in Nigeria. Whether mechanical garri production or manual production, the processes involved in garri production are roughly similar. It mainly includes washing and peeling, crushing, fermentation, dewatering and frying. In this article I will show you how the processes involved in garri production.

1. Washing and peeling

Usually knives will be used to peel the cover of the cassava. Then use a lot of water to wash the peeled cassava by hands.

If you have a large scale garri production, dry sieve, paddle washer and cassava peeling machine are needed.

Dry sieve machine is to remove attached impurities. In the paddle washer machine, first layer of cassava tubers can be removed. After that, cassava peeling machine is used to remove the second layer of roots. At the same time when cassava is peeled, spray water will be open to clean and wash cassava roots. The 2 garri producction machines achieve its functions all by means of friction.

2. Crushing

Firstly you can cut the cassava tubers into medium sizes by knife. This is because smaller sizes increases the speed which will save labor for cassava crushing. Then the peeled cassava roots are crushed by cassava grater machine. At this stage, people usually choose crushing cassava by machine. Because the machine can save time and labor. After crushing, we can get cassava mash.

3. Fermentation

The grated cassava is pulpy which needs to be packed into bags for fermentation. At least 2 days later, cassava mash fermentation is finished.

4. Dewatering

Someone will squeeze the water by simple wood board. Water is squeezed out by pressure and gravity.

If you want to be fully dewatered. Put bags containing fermented cassava mash into hydraulic press machine to complete dehydration process and get wet cakes with moisture around 40%.

Pouring the dewatered cassava into the pot for frying and stirrer constantly. Also there need enough firewood for fire to fry the dewatered cassava.

If you want to get high quality and good taste garri, you can use food grade stainless steel frying machine to ensure hygiene of finished product.

This is the whole processes involved in garri production. If you want to produce high quality and large garri, the garri production machine will be a good choice. Contact us to get more information about garri production machine.

Prev: How to solve the problem of starch with high water content in flash drying process?

Next: The features of wet method of processing cassava starch

Contact list

Want to know more about our products or services? Fill out the contact form below, and we’ll to get back to you and you will get the price list. Please also feel free to contact us by email or phone.( * Denotes a required field).

Do you want to buy machine?
Yes, I want to buy machine
No, I Just learning
What is your raw material?
Sweet potato
2. What is the final product you want to produce?
Cassava flour
Cassava starch
Cassava chips
3.What is your capacity plan?
Small scale garri machine
1ton per day
2tons per day
3tons per day
10tons per day
20tons per day
Small scale
5tons per day
50tons per day
100tons per day
200tons per day
300tons per day
Middle type
Large scale
What is your capacity plan?

Some contents on this website come from the Internet. If violate your rights, please notify us in time to delete it.

Garri (Cassava) Production Process Complete Guide

Some people might be wandering the process involved in the production of garri, you might be asking questions like what is garri? how is garri made? From what is produced? How is being processed and all that? You don’t need to worry because in this article we are going to be telling you all the processes involved in it.

Garri is a carbohydrate food that you get from the processing of your raw cassava.

As we all know, it is a major food or meal for West African countries, most especially Nigerians and in Nigeria, the Igbo people in particular, that’s why it can also be called garri Nigeria or Nigerian garri sometimes…. Smiles!

Garri food can be eaten by mere soaking it in cold water with honey or adding sugar to it, to make it very rich you can add coconut, palm kernel nuts, dry fish, milk, groundnut, you can also make swallow or pasta with garri and when preparing a delicious soup like okra, egusi soup, vegetable soup, groundnut soup, ayoyo soup and beans soup etc.

The way you process your garri most of the time and how you store them can normally affect how long it will stay on the shelf or in the store because when your cassava is not well processed it cannot last for long in the store room.

Therefore when you process your cassava very well and properly, you can store it for a long period.

It can be stored for a period of six to seven months or more. You have to roast or fry your garri properly to reduce its moisture content which normally contributes to early spoilage or even the cause of spoilage.

Read Also: Garri Processing and Reasons why Garri Business is a very profitable agribusiness to venture into

Garri (Cassava) Production Process Complete Guide

According to experts in the field of garri processing, they said if you want good garri to last long on the shelf or in the store, then you must properly dry it to lower its moisture content level using flat surfaces or plastic buckets.

They also advise not to keep or store garri in a moist environment or leave the garri open in areas with high humidity.

The result you get as a result of this is that your garri will begin to develop molds and spoil i.e if you leave the garri open in open areas with high humidity.

You have to package your garri very well in sacks and then store them in a cool dry place to avoid spoilage or loss.

As we have said earlier stated that garri is being processed from cassava, so to process your garri the first stage is to harvest the quantity of cassava you will use to produce the garri.

The quantity of the cassava you harvest determines the quantity of garri you get after production.

You must have that in mind because you cannot expect to harvest a little quantity of cassava from form and expert to produce a high or plenty quantity of garri and vise-versa (you cannot also harvest plenty quantity of cassava and get very little quantity of garri).

Read Also: A Comprehensive Guide on How to Plant Cassava

The choice is now left for you to decide how plenty you want to produce. When processing cassava into garri, the raw cassava now will have to undergo some services that will tell if truly you can get garri out of cassava because cassava can be used to produce or process other food apart from garri.

Another thing we should have in mind is that it is not only garri that can be produced or processed out of cassava.

Steps involved in the Cassava Processing for Garri

The following are steps that are involved in the cassava processing for garri;

1. The first step is to harvest and then sort your cassava to get the best out of it.

2. Then you peel the cassava roots into bowls or horns.

3. Wash the cassava root and also clean it.

4. Then you grate the cassava roots into a mash.

5. You will then ferment the cassava mast to remove some hydrocyanic acid

6. Press the cassava after putting them in a sack to drain the water in the garri. This stage should be done properly to properly remove the water.

7. After removing or draining the garri mash, then shift the wet cake into grits.

8. Fry or roast the grits to form the garri.

Read Also: How to Control Cassava Diseases and Pests

9. Spread the garri in a thin larger or open basin and allow it to cool.

10. Grind or sieve the garri to break larger gravels.

11. Then pack the garri in airtight bags and store properly, make sure they are properly packed into the airbag to avoid early spoilage

The main reason a propose that you subject your cassava to go through all this process, is simply to remove all the hydrogen cyanide in the cassava aid to produce a good desirable flavor.

The drying, soaking in water, and rinsing of the garri effectively help in reducing the cassavas’ cyanogen content. Then frying of the garri will help to remove cyanide gas and destroy every enzyme and micro-organism.

The end product of garri is normally cream-white or light yellowish with a little sour flavor. Some people, most the east people normally add palm oil to their garri to give it a little sweet taste.

In conclusion, after you harvest your cassava from the farm, you must select only healthy whole roots that are good and appropriate for producing garri because you need to sort your roots to pick the best out of them before you transport the tubers to the cassava processing plant for processing.

After you might have gotten to the cassava plants, offload them and then peel the cassava root with a knife as earlier stated. This can also be done before bringing the cassava to the cassava plant.

Also, make sure you wash your cassava roots properly to remove sand and mud. Wash them with a sponge in clean water to remove the extra peel, spots, and dirt.

Read Also: Best Mattress Waste (Old Mattress) Management Method

There are special machines that can help in all the garri process to ease all the stress and they also save energy and time.

To crown it all let’s quickly look at how to ferment cassava mash in cassava processing before removing and draining the water, shifting the wet cake into grits before frying which is the final process in the garri processing.

These include;

1. Collect the cassava into a clean polythene sack.

2. Tie the sack using a strong cord or rope, and

3. Then arrange the cassava slurry in the fermentation sacks

Read Also: Amazing Business Ideas with Little or No Start-Up Cost for Ladies

Definition, Classification and Characteristics of Weeds
Beneficial Effects of Weeds and Factors Effecting Crop Competitive Ability against Weed

Agric4Profits

Benadine Nonye is an agricultural consultant and a writer with over 12 years of professional experience in the agriculture industry. - National Diploma in Agricultural Technology - Bachelor's Degree in Agricultural Science - Master's Degree in Science Education - PhD Student in Agricultural Economics and Environmental Policy... Visit My Websites On: 1. Agric4Profits.com - Your Comprehensive Practical Agricultural Knowledge and Farmer’s Guide Website! 2. WealthinWastes.com - For Effective Environmental Management through Proper Waste Management and Recycling Practices! Join Me On: Twitter: @benadinenonye - Instagram: benadinenonye - LinkedIn: benadinenonye - YouTube: Agric4Profits TV and WealthInWastes TV - Pinterest: BenadineNonye4u - Facebook: BenadineNonye

Achi Seed (Brachystegia Eurycoma): All You Need to Know About

Dragon Fruit Farming Complete Beginners Guide

Cocoyam Stolon Buds: Economic Importance, Uses, and By-Products

Enjoy this post? Please spread the word :)

No products in the cart.

Buy your Hybrid Elephant Giant Plantain Suckers

Nigeria’s gari revolution: improving efficiency and equity of a staple food

Gari is a staple food for millions of West Africans, particularly in Nigeria where its production exceeds 9 million tons a year, and employs hundreds of thousands of people – especially women and children.

Made from cassava, gari is a creamy-white granular flour with a slightly sour taste that is most commonly eaten either by being soaked in cold water together with ingredients such as sugar or roasted groundnuts, or as a paste (eba) made with hot water.

Cassava deteriorates rapidly after harvesting so processing into gari makes an excellent, safe and storable convenience food. It has a lot of potential for feeding rapidly growing urban populations.

The process of turning cassava roots in to gari involves numerous labor-intensive steps including grating the peeled, washed cassava roots and leaving the material to ferment for several days, slowly pressing the fermented mash to remove excess liquid, sieving and then frying and stirring on a large metal pan often over a wood fire. Gari processing itself is largely in the hands of women in small local facilities and represents an important source of income and employment for them.

Small-scale gari processing in Nigeria is a key source of employment for women. Photo G.Thiele/RTB

This process uses locally made, robust and simple equipment. However, it is not very efficient – around five tons of fresh roots are needed to produce one ton of gari and peeling the cassava by hand, a job mainly performed by women, is very time consuming. It also requires large quantities of firewood to roast the gari, and the smoke and general working conditions is a significant health issue for the women involved. The process also generates liquid waste from pressing the gari and heaps of waste peels which are an environmental hazard.

However, there is also a small but growing group of larger modern enterprises which are producing packaged gari using mechanized equipment for peeling, grating and frying.

To establish a detailed roadmap of the actions needed to meet the growing demand for safe and nutritious gari whilst balancing income and employment generation for men, women and youth, the ‘ Gari Revolution in Nigeria: Roadmap to an Efficient and Equitable Gari Processing System’ meeting took place in Ibadan, Nigeria, from October 4 – 6, 2016.

Led by the Global Cassava Partnership for the 21 st Century (GCP21) supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), the meeting brought together policy makers, scientists and experts from the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) and the International Cooperation Center for Research on Agronomic Development (CIRAD) along with many other partners in Nigeria with participants from Ghana and Uganda as well.

Women working in IITA’s model gari processing centre. Frying gari is one of the last steps in the process. Photo D.Dufour

“Because gari is regularly consumed by millions of Nigerians every day, and with cities projected to grow so fast we need to have a ‘gari revolution’. This will involve addressing many challenges simultaneously,” said Dr. Claude Fauquet, Director of GCP21.

“If the ‘gari revolution’ is successful we can reposition gari as a food of the future. It can play a key role as a locally produced source of much needed carbohydrates. It is also an excellent vehicle to improve human nutrition both in Nigeria and West Africa. While gari itself provides much needed carbohydrates, it has a relatively low protein, mineral and vitamin content, and there is the potential to enhance this by adding a supplement or through biofortification,” he explained.

Dr. Busie Maziya-Dixon, Senior Scientist, Food and Nutrition, IITA agrees, adding: “Gari provides essential carbohydrates and is an essential part of people’s diets. We are keen to explore options to make it even more nutritious. This is one of the key areas the workshop discussed: How do we improve the nutritional quality of gari without changing the texture and taste which the Nigeria population love so much? And what steps should be undertaken to make this a reality?”

The safety and environmental aspects of gari processing were also major topics of discussion during the workshop, and are of concern to Dr. Acho Okike, Senior Agricultural Economist at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) who added: “We really need to get to grips with safety and working conditions in the processing environment which could give cassava a bad name! Collecting and transforming cassava peels into high quality animal feed will be a major first step.”

From L-R, Sanni Lateef (Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta), Graham Thiele (RTB), Peter Kulakow (IITA), Busie Maziya-Dixon (IITA) and Claude Fauquet (GCP21). Photo G.Aster/IITA

The workshop built on earlier work supported by RTB’s Flagship Project 4 (FP4) on ‘Nutritious RTB Foods and Value Added Through Post-Harvest Innovation’.

“In FP4 we paid particular attention to the small and medium enterprises where women play a major role. Stakeholders mapped the impact pathway from research on gari including incremental improvements to the processing technology of small processers, protocols for define product quality and waste management, through to livelihood improvements for cassava producers, processors and consumers. The intention is that different partners will use that pathway to improve collaboration and track impact,” said Dr. Graham Thiele, RTB Program Director.

The workshop report will be available shortly. Key lessons include:

While gari is already an excellent food product, we need to enhance it to better provide equitable income, food and nutrition security in the context of population growth and urbanization.
We need to identify more clearly the cassava varieties and traits which are suitable for gari and communicate that much better to all those involved in the gari value chain to ensure improved varieties are appropriate for processing.
Whilst gari is usually a safe food, there are safety and hygiene issues involved that must be addressed.
A dual pronged approach is required to progressively upgrade the capability and equipment of small-scale producers while supporting the larger enterprises as well.
Fabricators and processors must be engaged in a process of co-innovation of equipment, and the progressive upgrading of equipment must involve access to microfinance and information as well as technology.
There is an important aspect of gender equity linked to adoption, appropriate and affordable equipment for the women involved in small enterprises.
All of these changes need empowered organizations, and we need to enhance farmers’ and processors’ voices, so that stakeholders are involved in the process of defining what changes are desirable in gari processing.
Above all, a clear case must be made to policy makers in order to allocate attention and resources to implement all proposed changes
postharvest

Related News

Scaling up the use of Orange Fleshed Puree for Baked and Fried Products

How RTB researchers try to develop the potential of RTB seed systems

A day to remember: Scientists and processors exchange on the changes in the cassava value chain in Colombia over the past 20 years

Process for Making Garri

by TRWCBlogger | Jul 8, 2020 | Blog | 0 comments

The overall process to prepare garri is as following:

Garri is a carbohydrate based food consumed in many West African countries, Nigeria and Igboland. Processed from Cassava ( akpu ), Garri in its raw form is creamy-white or light-yellowish flour with a slightly fermented flavor.

Essentially, both varieties of Garri have the similar processing methods; the yellow color can be achieved simply by adding a few drops of palm-oil ( mmanu nri ) to the cassava flour during the frying/drying stage. To produce Garri from cassava tubers, the following are required:

1.Cassava tubers ( apku ): Harvested from farms and must be used within seventy-two (72) hours.

2.Kitchen knife ( mma ): Will be used to peel off back of the cassava and cut them into smaller sizes.

3.Water ( mmiri ): To achieve maximum hygiene, water would be required to wash the peeled cassava tubers as many times as possible. After thorough washing, the cassava tubers are packed into sack(s), bowls or a wheel barrow for easy transportation to the cassava mill.

4. At cassava mill: At the mill, the washed cassava would be grinded, packed into sacks and drilled to dryness (fermentation occurs at this stage).

A typical Garri mill in Igboland

A cassava grinding machine

A mill attendant

5.Sieve ( nyo ): Required to sieve off the fine cassava powder from the other constituent particles.

A woman demonstrating how to use the sieve

6. Frying pan ( agbada ): Required to fry the fine cassava powder until it is dry.

Demonstrating how to use the frying pan.

7. Firewood ( nku ): A source of heat. 8. Sacks ( akpa ): Will be used to pack the dry cassava powder (Garri). 9. Palm-oil ( mmanu nri ) – optional: Can be added to the fine cassava powder at the frying stage if a “yellow” Garri is desired.

Garri can be served in two prominent forms:

Preparation Process: Utara : A reasonable quantity of Garri is added little-by-little into a bowl of boiled water until the mixture becomes saturated. A wooden stick( eku ) is used to stir the content of the bowl until it is even. Serve the Utara with any native Igbo soup in different dishes.

Soaked: A reasonable amount of Garri is poured into a hollow plate or cup of clean water and allowed to soak for about thirty (30) seconds. The soaked Garri can be served with groundnut seeds( opapa ), dried meat ( anu nkpo ) or bean cake( moi-moi/akara ) with a little amount of sweetener if desired.

Beside Rice( osipaka ), Garri is arguably the most consumed food in Igbo land; hence, its nickname “The common-man’s food”.

Source: igboguide.org

Get Help to Write Your Book

Best print & digital publishers, online publicity & campaign.

Garri processing business in Nigeria: Everything you need to know

Who would have thought that garri processing will become one of the lucrative business in Nigeria before, it was just a food business left in the hand of old men and women in the village, until recently when some entrepreneur saw the profitability of garri processing, though many people are now into it the increase in demand of garri still dwarf the supply perhaps because of increase in the price of other staple food.

Garri business will always be profitable because it is a food common to both rich and poor, mention garri in any home and they will tell you deferent way of preparing it.

To start the business is not a herculean task though it require 7 figures capital nonetheless it is not hard to start once you get the basics, which is the main purpose of this article.

Before we go into the steps of creating garri business, I will like you to take note of the following

HOW TO START CAR WASH BUSINESS IN NIGERIA
How to write business plan that can get you loan and investment in Nigeria

Types of Garri

There are no agreed garri types, but the most common varieties are

White Garri If you reside in south west of Nigeria you will know much about this garri as it is mainly produce in that region. As the name imply, white garri is white in color and made up of small particle. Depending on the state where it is been produce it might taste sour, sweet and normal.

This garri is reserve for drinking outside in other region of Nigeria , but can be drink and swallow as Eba in south west of Nigeria. Some of the common varieties of white Garri are

Garri Ijebu Garri Iwo Garri Egba

Yellow Garri It has a yellow color and it is native to South South and South East region of Nigeria. The yellow color is formed when palm oil is added to it and it is added so that it can look appetizing. It is majorly used for making Eba common swallow food in southern region and also in the middle belt.

Recommend : A-Z of affiliate marketing in Nigeria

Operation of garri processing

To turn cassava into garri, it require four process which are:

1) Peel, wash, grate and ferment cassava by adding large amount of water to it for five to seven days.

2) Using hydraulic press, dewater the soft cassava and grate it again to form slur.

3) Filter the slur to remove undissolved part 4) Then fry it into garri using fryer.

Equipment needed to start garri processing business

Below are the equipment you will need to start garri processing buisness

A hydraulic press Sieving machine Sealer Nylon bags Buckets Frying machine Weighing machine Generator Filter

Niches in Garri processing business

Cassava farming Cassava is the second most lucrative of all the niches of garri business, if you chose this niche your job is to plant cassava, harvest it and sell to processor. This niche require low capital but large expanse of land.

Garri production This is the most capital intensive of all the niches and the most profitable, if you chose this niche your job is to process raw cassava into garri.

Garri distribution This also requires low capital but its profitability depend on how many kg of garri you could sell per day.

The job here is to act as middle between garri processor and consumer; you will buy processed garri from processor and sell to wholesaler or final consumer.

If you have enough money, you can take all the niches at the same time but if not grow from one niche to another, it does not matter where you start from just make sure you grow to have more profit.

Recommend : How to publish on Amazon Kdp from Nigeria

Steps to starting Garri processing business in Nigeria

Feasibility study The first thing you need to do to have a profitable garri business is to conduct a feasibility study, to see if the business will be profitable and how profitable it will be in your proposed location.

Answer the following question in your feasibility study:

How easy to get your raw material (cassava)? How are you going to sell the garri?

What is the purchasing power of your consumer?

Does your proposed location have access to road?

Business plan Bad plan is better than no plan, write down your vision for the business and how you will get there from year to year at least your projection should not be less down two years and maximum of three year for the sake of clarity.

Recommend : How to start dairy farming business in Nigeria

Though there is high chance that you will sway from your business plan before you reach your second year.

Then why should I write it?

You never can tell you might want to expand your business in the future which certainly will require capital from bank or investor, the first thing they will ask for is your business plan.

Register your business If you are operating small scale garri business you might not border yourself about business registration but if it is medium or large scale please do well to register your business with Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), it will save you from future confrontation with the authority.

Building your processing plant Depend on your scale of production 1 plot to 3 acres should be enough for your plant and it should be situated in well drain land, please avoid water log area. Your garri pant should be partition into the following section.

Wet section As the name imply, this is where you will carry out cassava peeling, washing, grating, pressing and fermenting.

Recommend : How to start tissue paper production business in Nigeria

Dry section This where you will fry and sieve your garri. It compose of two room one for the operation and the other for packaging and storing.

Source for your raw material There are two way to get cassava which is your raw material; either you plant cassava yourself or buy from farm the major difference between the two is that, your cassava farm can be attacked by disease or pest which might affect your processing.

When sourcing from farmer note the following

To buy at low price buy by acre not bag of cassava, what I mean is that buy yet-to-be uprooted cassava.

Avoid middle men

Take random sample of the cassava and check the inside and outside.

Wherever you buy from make sure it is accessible by road.

When sourcing from your farm note the following

Make sure you plant the stem well; usually it should be 45 degree to the ground.

Weed regularly

To have bountiful harvest, use fertilizer.

Packaging your garri

Common way of packaging garri is to pack it inside 50kg sack containing 20 to 22 paint rubber. Then it will be sealed. To avoid dampness put the garri in an open place and it should be put out of reach of pest.

Marketing I’ve heard about people lamenting that they could not sell their garri, the problem of this people is that they refuse to do their feasibility study, if they do it they will know their target customer and how to reach them.

To avoid this make sure you do your feasibility study and before processing garri get a buying promise form wholesaler or consumer and write down the quantity they promise to buy, please do not exceed this quantity, in fact produce lower than the quantity.

Profit and cost analysis of garri business

Note: the price might have go up or reduce Cost of heavy equipment

Grater – #300,000 Presser – # 150,000 Fryer – # 150,000 Sieving machine – #100,000 Weigh machine – # 50,000 Total = #750,000

Profitability of garri processing business

Let say you will be producing 30 bags of cassava, you will need: 6 tons of cassava = #150,000 Peeling (machine + hand) = # 10,000 Pressing + Frying (labour) = 15,000 Firewood for frying = #10,000 Miscellaneous = #10,000 Total cost = #195,000 1 bag of garri = #15,000 30 bags of garri = #450,000 Profit = #450,000 – #195,000 =#245,000

Challenges of garri processing business

Up and down of garri price Garri price is not regulated it can go up and down at any moment which can affect your business.

Solution Note the season garri price normally go down and when it normarly comes up so as to prepare for such season.

Pest Pest especially rodent are enemy of garri, they can finish 50kg bag in a night. Solution Store your garri well and deal with the rodents by using rat catcher, you can use anything apart from poising.

Spoilage If garri stay long in storage it can get spoil. Solution Process gari you can sell at least in a week.

Question and answer

Is garri business profitable? Very profitable, though it require large capital.

How do I process garri locally It is the same process used in mechanical processing just that instead of using machine you use hand.

The processing steps are:

Peel, wash and soak cassava inside water

Packed the soaked cassava inside thick bag

Tie the bag mouth and place a stone on it to press out the water

Leave it for three to seven days to ferment

After the water is out, separate the undissolved cassava

Grate the dissolved ones (slur) inside large pot.

How profitable is garri processing in Nigeria Garri is very profitable; you can make as much as #1,000,000 profits with operating cost of #450,000

Startuppreneur

Related articles, how to start egg supply business in nigeria, how to start profitable layer poultry farm business in nigeria, 12 causes of business failure in nigeria, how to become a multi millionaire in nigeria.

Field Survey and Research in Nigeria
Mystery Shopping Services in Nigeria
Market Research Reports
Investment Opportunities in Nigeria
Business Start- Up Training Opportunity in Nigeria
Business Legislations and Resources in Nigeria
News and Press Release

GARRI PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; HOW VIABLE?

Home → Investment Opportunities in Nigeria → Agriculture, Agro – Processing, Forestry And Fishing → GARRI PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; HOW VIABLE?

One major achievement of the present civilian administration in Nigeria in the past eleven (11) years has been the growth of middle class which has been witnessed in the country. These growths continues to drive the increasing social and health awareness of the need for hygienically well prepared foods required for good quality living standard of people. This coupled with the geometrically exploding population and continued rural-urban drift continues to fuel the demand for food stuffs especially Garri, a staple food in the country.

Garri, a product gotten from the processing of cassava tubers is a very important staple food item in Nigeria. It is one of the food items that defy socio-economic class, religious and ethnic boundaries, It is doubtful if it is not eaten daily in one of every two homes in the country.

Garri is a creamy-white, granular flour with a slightly fermented flavour and a slightly sour taste made from fermented, gelatinized fresh cassava tubers. Garri is widely known in Nigeria and other West African countries. Garri constitutes a daily meal to millions people world-wide.

It is a popular West African food. It is most widely eaten as Eba. Eba is made by sprinkling garri into a bowl or pot of boiling water and stirred until dough of garri is formed. You could add more water to the dough and stir to your desired texture. The finished product is called eba.

Eba is served with vegetable soup and fish or meat. In combination, this constitutes a very balanced diet.

There are different types of garri, depending on how it is processed, its grain size and the region of Africa where it is produced.

The Standards Organization of Nigeria classifies garri into:

• Extra Fine Grain Garri – where more than 80% of the grain passes through a sieve of less than 350 micro meter aperture

• Fine Grain Garri – More than 80 % of the grains pass through a sieve of less than 1000 micro meter aperture

• Coarse Grain garri – Not less than 80% of grains passes through a sieve of 1400 micro meter or less than 20 % of weight passes through a sieve of 1000 micro meter

• Extra Coarse Grain Garri – Not less than 20 % of grain is retained on a sieve of 1400 micro meter aperture.

Garri can also be classified based on fermentation length (days and extent) as well as whether palm oil is added to make it yellow or not. Such classifications include:

 Yellow Garri

This is the type of garri commonly found in the Edo, Delta and other eastern part of Nigeria. It is also called Bendel garri. It is made exactly the way described above, but for the addition of red palm oil after grating the cassava and the garri is allowed to ferment for two to three days also. Adding palm oil to the garri further helps to reduce the cyanide content and gives it a unique flavor.

 White Garri

Same as Bendel garri, left to ferment for two to three days as well, but red palm oil is not added during processing.

 Ijebu Garri

Ijebu garri is made same way too, but allowed to ferment for up to seven days. No palm oil is added. It is also fried to become much crisped. It characteristically has a very sharp taste and less starchy. Many people from the Western part of Nigeria love this and find it great for “soaking”.

The Garri industry in Nigeria is dominated by small scale with production capacity of less than 0.1 tons per day. The production plants are usually found all parts of Nigeria where the chief raw material, Cassava tubers, can be found.

Nigeria is the leading producer of cassava tubers in the world with an annual production of about 40,000,000 tonnes and at such sourcing for the raw materials would not be a challenge.

The annual national demand for garri is estimated at 1,000,000 tonnes while the national supply estimate is about 250,000.

In recent times due to the other products {Cassava Starch and Flour} that can gotten from Cassava tubers ,the production of garri in Nigeria has witnessed a reduction in volume thereby prompting a shift in the demand-supply equilibrium in favour of garri producers.

The supply gap has been identified to continue to expand as the population of the country which is estimated to be 165 Million continues to grow at 3.5% per annum. Also the rural – urban drift in the country would help to deepen the market for garri which is estimated at over N 8 billion annually in Nigeria.

——————————————————————————————————————— Foraminifera Market Research Limited ( www.foramfera.com ) is part of a family of businesses, which includes several brands such as

Hausworth Nigeria Limited owners of

365 Home Improvement — www.365homeimprovement.com (Nigeria’s One Stop Home Improvement Portal) 365 Property Portal — www.365propertyportal.com (Property listing, building materials sales and movers in Nigeria)

Kyneli Business Support Services owners of

www.365campaigner.com

365 Campaigner is a complete suite of social collaboration, communication and management tools for your team. From List building solution to event announcement and CRM, 365 Campaigner provides everything you need to boost sales, step up productivity and manage all day-to-day activities.

365 Campaign is the one stop shop for digital marketing solutions for businesses, politicians, religious organizations and individuals. ———————————————————————————————————————

At Foraminifera Market Research ( www.foramfera.com ), we provide bespoke and up to date market research reports. Our reports are designed to assist start-ups to understand the legal and financial requirements of starting the business, the market trends vis-a-vis demand and supply, competition, risk identification and mitigation strategies.

You can order our detailed feasibility report on garri production in Nigeria and other cassava report by clicking on the link below.

GARRI PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT CASSAVA FLOUR PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT CASSAVA STARCH PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT. CASSAVA STARCH AND GARRI PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT MECHANIZED CASSAVA TUBER CULTIVATION AND GARRI PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT MECHANIZED CASSAVA TUBER CULTIVATION, GARRI AND STARCH PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT MECHANIZED CASSAVA TUBER CULTIVATION AND STARCH PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT MECHANIZED CASSAVA TUBER CULTIVATION AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT MECHANIZED CASSAVA TUBER CULTIVATION AND GLUCOSE SYRUP PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA; THE FEASIBILITY REPORT

Access our other Market Research Reports or investment opportunities in Nigeria by clicking on the link below

– MARKET RESEARCH REPORTS IN NIGERIA – INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN NIGERIA

Do you require a business plan or feasibility report on the subject matter? Contact us with any of the details provided below to arrange a meeting

Office Phone Number: 01- 295 24 13 (Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 5 pm)

Mobile Number: +234 (0) 8033782777;+ 234 (0) 908 335 7733 (Monday – Saturday; 8 am – 6 pm)

E-Mail Address: [email protected]

CC: [email protected]

Office Address:

61-65 Egbe- Isolo Road,

Iyana Ejigbo Shopping Arcade,

Block C, Suite 39,

Iyana Ejigbo Bus Stop,

Ejigbo, Lagos.

Comments are closed.

Foraminifera Market Research Reports

News and Solutions

How To Set Up A Safety Match Box Manufacturing Plant in Nigeria
How To Set Up A Paper Bag Manufacturing Plant in Nigeria
Mechanized Maize (corn) Farming (cultivation) and Corn Flakes Production in Nigeria; The Opportunity.
Mechanized Maize Farming (Cultivation) and Maize Flour, Bran, Germ and Grits Production in Nigeria; The Opportunity.
Ethanol Importation in Nigeria; The Opportunities.

Kindly Follow Us For Updates

Essay Papers Writing Online

Get the ultimate guide on writing an expository essay – step-by-step tips and examples.

Are you grappling with the challenge of composing a compelling expository essay? Look no further, as this comprehensive guide will provide you with all the essential tools and techniques to effectively convey your ideas and captivate your readers. By employing powerful writing strategies and supplementing your work with concrete examples and real-life anecdotes, you will unlock the true potential of your explanatory essay.

Begin your writing journey by harnessing the power of clarity and conciseness. Structuring your essay with a logical flow will allow your readers to effortlessly follow your thought process and grasp your central ideas. Employing strong transitions between paragraphs and employing cohesive language will ensure a seamless reading experience. Additionally, honing your analytical skills and supporting your claims with factual evidence will lend credibility to your work while fostering a deep understanding of the topic.

Furthermore, incorporating vivid examples and engaging anecdotes will breathe life into your expository essay, making your content relatable and memorable. By utilizing descriptive language and the art of storytelling, you will create a lasting impact in the minds of your readers. Whether it is a personal experience, a historical event, or a scientific study, weaving in these narratives will amplify the effectiveness and persuasiveness of your essay, leaving a lasting imprint on your audience.

Mastering the Art of Crafting a Compelling Expository Composition: Pointers and Illustrations

An in-depth exploration of the fundamentals behind composing an impactful expository essay can serve as an invaluable tool in your academic and professional endeavors. By harnessing the power of language, analysis, and evidence, you can construct a persuasive and enlightening piece of writing that will captivate your readers. Let us embark on a journey to unravel the secrets of crafting an exquisite expository essay.

1. Avoid monotony: Deliver your ideas in a fresh, stimulating manner to enthrall your audience. Strive to maintain a captivating narrative flow by skillfully employing synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and metaphors. This will invigorate your writing and make it truly memorable.

2. Be concise yet comprehensive: Accomplish the delicate balance of being succinct without sacrificing the clarity and depth of your exposition. Remember to select your words wisely, presenting each idea concisely while ensuring it is thorough and complete.

3. Provide evidence: Back up your statements with solid evidence and well-researched examples. Citing credible sources, such as reputable studies, expert opinions, and statistical data, will add credibility and weight to your arguments, making them more persuasive and powerful.

4. Organize your thoughts: Structure your essay in a logical and coherent manner, ensuring that each idea flows seamlessly into the next. Utilize transitional words and phrases to guide your readers through the different sections of your essay, enabling them to follow your line of reasoning effortlessly.

5. Cater to your audience: Tailor your language, tone, and examples to suit the preferences and background of your intended audience. Use relatable and engaging references to convey your message effectively and establish a connection with your readers.

6. Emphasize clarity: Clarity is key when it comes to expository writing. Avoid excessive jargon, convoluted sentences, and ambiguous expressions. Instead, strive for lucidity and precision, ensuring that your readers can easily grasp the main points of your essay.

7. Show don’t tell: Instead of merely stating information, aim to vividly illustrate your ideas through anecdotes, case studies, and real-life examples. This will make your essay more relatable and memorable, enabling your readers to form a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

8. Revise and refine: Do not underestimate the importance of the revision process. Review your essay meticulously, focusing on grammar, clarity, and coherence. Eliminate redundancies, enhance sentence structure, and refine your vocabulary to elevate the quality and impact of your writing.

By equipping yourself with these essential guidelines and examples, you are well-prepared to embark on your expository essay writing journey. Remember, mastering the art of crafting a compelling expository composition requires practice and perseverance. Let your ideas flow, embrace creativity, and allow your words to inspire, educate, and leave an indelible mark in the minds of your readers.

The Significance of an Expository Article

When it pertains to written compositions, the significance of an expository article cannot be underestimated. This type of writing piece serves a crucial purpose in communicating information, presenting facts, and explaining ideas in a clear and concise manner. By utilizing objective analysis, evidence-based reasoning, and logical arguments, an expository essay provides readers with a deeper understanding of a subject matter.

Unlike other forms of writing, an expository essay focuses on informing rather than persuading or entertaining. It acts as a reliable source of knowledge, offering readers an opportunity to broaden their horizons and gain new insights. Whether used in academic, professional, or personal settings, the expository essay serves as a valuable tool for conveying information accurately and objectively.

Furthermore, an expository essay aids in building critical thinking and analytical skills. Through the process of researching and organizing information, the writer develops the ability to evaluate sources, discern facts from opinions, and present arguments based on logical reasoning. This type of writing encourages readers to question assumptions, analyze evidence, and draw their own conclusions.

Moreover, mastering the art of composing an expository essay equips individuals with essential communication skills that are applicable in various aspects of life. By learning how to present complex ideas in a clear and coherent manner, one becomes an effective communicator across different fields and disciplines. Whether it be writing research papers, reports, or even delivering presentations, the skills acquired from writing an expository essay are invaluable in expressing ideas persuasively and engaging an audience.

In conclusion, the importance of an expository essay lies in its ability to provide a comprehensive and objective understanding of a subject matter. By offering factual information, logical arguments, and clear explanations, this type of writing contributes to the development of critical thinking skills and effective communication. Whether in academic, professional, or personal settings, the expository essay plays a vital role in disseminating knowledge and fostering intellectual growth.

Understanding the Purpose and Audience

In order to create a compelling and impactful expository essay, it is important to have a clear understanding of the purpose and audience of your writing.

The purpose of an expository essay is to explain or inform the reader about a specific topic or idea. Unlike other types of essays, the main goal is to provide a balanced analysis and present factual information in a clear and concise manner. The purpose may vary depending on the specific assignment or context, but it is important to always keep the purpose in mind when writing an expository essay.

Equally important is knowing your audience. Understanding who will be reading your essay will help you tailor your writing style, tone, and level of complexity to effectively communicate your ideas. Consider the background knowledge, interests, and beliefs of your audience to ensure that your essay is accessible and engaging.

Start by identifying the demographic characteristics of your audience, such as age, education level, and background.
Consider their prior knowledge on the topic. Are they familiar with the subject matter, or do you need to provide additional context?
Think about their potential biases or preconceived notions. Are there any potential challenges or objections you need to address?

By understanding the purpose and audience of your expository essay, you can craft a well-written and relevant piece that effectively communicates your ideas and engages your readers.

Choosing the Right Topic and Gathering Information

One of the crucial steps in writing an outstanding expository essay is selecting a compelling topic and gathering relevant information. The topic should be interesting, relevant, and align with the purpose of your essay. It’s important to choose a topic that you are passionate about and have a good understanding of, as it will make the research and writing process more enjoyable and easier.

Start by brainstorming different ideas and concepts that you find intriguing. Consider your personal experiences, hobbies, or areas of expertise that you would like to explore further. You can also look for inspiration from current events, popular trends, or societal issues that grab your attention. Once you have a list of potential topics, narrow it down to the one that has enough depth and scope for exploration.

Once you have chosen a topic, it’s time to gather information to support your thesis statement and provide evidence for your claims. Start by conducting thorough research using various sources such as books, scholarly articles, reputable websites, and interviews with experts in the field. Take notes and keep track of the sources you use for referencing purposes.

By choosing the right topic and gathering relevant information, you lay the foundation for a well-researched and compelling expository essay. Take the time to explore different ideas, conduct thorough research, and organize your findings effectively. Remember, a well-chosen topic and solid information will make your essay engaging and informative for your readers.

Structuring Your Expository Essay

When it comes to composing an expository essay, the way you structure your piece is crucial. Organizing your thoughts and ideas in a clear and logical manner will not only make your writing more coherent and easy to follow, but it will also help you effectively convey your message to the readers.

One effective way to structure your expository essay is to use the traditional five-paragraph format. This format consists of an introduction paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph. Each paragraph serves a specific purpose and contributes to the overall development of your essay.

The introduction paragraph is where you grab the attention of your readers and provide them with a brief overview of what your essay will be about. It should include a strong thesis statement that clearly states your main argument or point of view.

The body paragraphs are where you present your evidence, provide supporting details, and analyze your topic. Each body paragraph should focus on one main idea or aspect of your topic. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main point, and then provide examples, facts, or explanations to support your argument.

In the conclusion paragraph, you should summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement. Avoid introducing new information or arguments in this section. Instead, focus on leaving a lasting impression on your readers and reinforcing the main ideas discussed throughout your essay.

Remember to use appropriate transition words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs and ideas. Examples of transitional phrases include “firstly,” “in addition, “finally,” and “on the other hand,” among others.

By following a well-structured approach, you can effectively organize your expository essay and make it engaging and informative for your readers. Take the time to plan your essay, identify your main points, and arrange them in a logical order. With a clear structure, your expository essay will be a powerful piece of writing that effectively conveys your ideas.

Enhancing Clarity and Coherence

Creating a clear and coherent expository essay requires skillful use of language and organization. By carefully selecting words and arranging ideas logically, you can ensure that your essay is easy to understand and follow.

Word Choice: One of the most effective ways to enhance clarity is through thoughtful word choice. Consider using precise and specific language to convey your ideas. Instead of using general terms, opt for more descriptive words that accurately depict the information you are presenting.

Logical Organization: Coherence in your essay can be achieved through proper organization. Present your ideas in a logical progression, ensuring that each paragraph flows smoothly into the next. Use transitional words and phrases to connect your thoughts and guide the reader through your essay.

Consistent Structure: To enhance clarity and coherence, maintain a consistent structure throughout your essay. Use a clear introduction to outline your main points and a strong conclusion to summarize your findings. Each body paragraph should focus on a single topic and provide sufficient evidence and examples to support your claims.

Effective Transitions: Transitions are essential in ensuring a cohesive flow between ideas and paragraphs. Use transitional words and phrases such as “however,” “in addition,” and “furthermore” to link your ideas and create a smooth transition between different sections of your essay.

Eliminating Ambiguity: To enhance clarity, it is crucial to eliminate any ambiguity or confusion from your writing. Be precise in your language and avoid using vague terms or jargon. Make sure your ideas are clearly articulated and leave no room for misinterpretation.

Proofreading: Finally, closely edit and proofread your essay for clarity and coherence. Look for any unclear sentences or confusing phrases and revise them for greater clarity. Ensure that your ideas are presented in a logical and coherent manner, leaving no room for confusion.

By enhancing clarity and coherence in your expository essay, you can effectively communicate your ideas and engage your readers. Thoughtful word choice, logical organization, consistent structure, effective transitions, and careful proofreading all play important roles in creating a clear and coherent essay that will leave a lasting impact.

How to master the art of writing expository essays and captivate your audience, convenient and reliable source to purchase college essays online, step-by-step guide to crafting a powerful literary analysis essay, unlock success with a comprehensive business research paper example guide, unlock your writing potential with writers college – transform your passion into profession, “unlocking the secrets of academic success – navigating the world of research papers in college”, master the art of sociological expression – elevate your writing skills in sociology.

Link to facebook
Link to linkedin
Link to twitter
Link to youtube
Writing Tips

How to Write an Expository Essay

4-minute read

29th March 2020

An expository essay explains something. This means investigating an idea, looking at evidence, coming to a conclusion, and explaining your thinking. But how do you write a strong expository essay? Our top tips include:

Read the essay prompt carefully and using it to guide your research.
Come up with a thesis statement (i.e., a position that you’ll explain).
Plan the structure of your essay before you start writing.
Once you have a first draft, revise and proofread to make sure it is perfect.

For more advice on how this works, check out the guide below.

1. Read Your Essay Prompt

Most expository essay prompts will ask you to do one of the following:

Define and explain a concept or theory.
Compare and contrast two ideas.
Examine a problem and propose a solution.
Describe a cause and effect relationship.
Explain a step-by-step process.
Analyze a broad subject and classify examples into groups.

When you’ve been set an expository assignment, then, check the prompt or question carefully. You can use the phrasing to guide your research. You may also need to select a topic to write about. If so, try to think of something:

You already know at least something about.
You find interesting enough to research.
That fits with the instructions in the essay prompt (e.g., if you’ve been asked to contrast two things, you’ll need a topic that allows for a comparison).
That is narrow enough to discuss in one essay.

Start by brainstorming topics, then narrow it down to one or two ideas.

2. Come Up with a Thesis Statement

Once you have a topic, you’ll need to do some research and develop a thesis statement. This is the proposition or position that you’ll explain in your essay.

Your thesis statement should be something you can back up with evidence and facts, as well as something that answers the question in your essay prompt. Keep in mind, too, that an expository essay should present a balanced account of the facts available, not personal opinions. For instance, we’ve come up with thesis statements for a few example essay prompts:

When you’ve selected a thesis, make sure you’ve got evidence to back it up! This may mean doing a little more research before you start writing.

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

3. Structuring an Expository Essay

The exact length and content of your essay will depend on the topic and prompt. However, most expository essays follow a similar basic structure:

Introduction – A paragraph where you introduce the essay topic and your thesis statement (i.e., the issue or idea you will explain in the essay).
Main Body – A series of short paragraphs in which you explain your thesis statement, providing evidence and arguments to support each point.
Conclusion – A final paragraph where you restate your thesis and how your evidence supports this. Try not to introduce any new information here (if it’s important, it should go in the main body).
References – If required, include a bibliography of sources you’ve used.

Before you start writing, then, create an essay outline with the structure above in mind and plan what each paragraph will say.

4. Editing and Proofreading

When you have a first draft, take a break and re-read it. Now comes the redrafting ! This is where you go back over your essay and look for areas to improve. Do you provide enough evidence? Is your argument clear? Even a few tweaks may increase your mark, so make sure to redraft at least once!

Finally, make sure to have your essay proofread before you submit it for marking. This will ensure your writing is error free and easy to read, giving you an even better chance of getting the grades you deserve.

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.

9-minute read

How to Use Infographics to Boost Your Presentation

Is your content getting noticed? Capturing and maintaining an audience’s attention is a challenge when...

8-minute read

Why Interactive PDFs Are Better for Engagement

Are you looking to enhance engagement and captivate your audience through your professional documents? Interactive...

7-minute read

Seven Key Strategies for Voice Search Optimization

Voice search optimization is rapidly shaping the digital landscape, requiring content professionals to adapt their...

Five Creative Ways to Showcase Your Digital Portfolio

Are you a creative freelancer looking to make a lasting impression on potential clients or...

How to Ace Slack Messaging for Contractors and Freelancers

Effective professional communication is an important skill for contractors and freelancers navigating remote work environments....

3-minute read

How to Insert a Text Box in a Google Doc

Google Docs is a powerful collaborative tool, and mastering its features can significantly enhance your...

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

school Campus Bookshelves
menu_book Bookshelves
perm_media Learning Objects
login Login
how_to_reg Request Instructor Account
hub Instructor Commons

Margin Size

Download Page (PDF)
Download Full Book (PDF)
Periodic Table
Physics Constants
Scientific Calculator
Reference & Cite
Tools expand_more
Readability

selected template will load here

This action is not available.

4.1: Expository Essays

Last updated
Save as PDF
Page ID 4531

\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)

\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)

\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

Learning Objectives

Understand the function and use of expository essays
Identify eight types of expository essays
Apply expository essay structure

What Is an Expository Essay?

An essay that explains a writer’s ideas by defining, explaining, informing, or elaborating on points to allow the reader to clearly understand the concept.

Many of your future academic workplace writing assignments will be expository–explaining your ideas or the significance of a concept or action. An expository essay allows the writer the opportunity to explain his or her ideas about a topic and to provide clarity for the reader by using:

Explanations
Definitions

It may also include the writer outlining steps of a procedure in a way that is straightforward for the reader to follow. It is purely informative and often contains elements of summary.

Imagine you need to verbally explain a concept to your classmates, maybe a behavioural theory. What are the key elements on which you would focus? How would you organize the information? You could explain who came up with the theory, the specific area of study to which it is related, its purpose, and the significant details to explain the theory. Telling these four elements to your classmates would give them a complete, yet summarized, picture of the theory, so they could apply the theory in future discussions.

Although you did this verbally, you were still fulfilling the elements of an expository essay by providing definition, details, explanations, and maybe even facts if you have a really good memory. This is the same process that you would use when you write an expository essay. You may actually be doing this all the time; for example, when you are giving someone directions to a place or explaining how to cook something. In the following sections of the chapter, you will practise doing this more in different expository written forms.

The Structure of an Expository Essay

Sections versus paragraphs.

Before looking at the general structure of an expository essay, you first need to know that in your post-secondary education, you should not consider your essay as writing being constructed with five paragraphs as you might have been used to in high school. You should instead think of your essay in terms of sections (there may be five), and each section may have multiple paragraphs.

To understand further why you need to think beyond the five-paragraph essay, imagine you have been asked to submit a six-page paper (approximately 1,500 words). You already know that each paragraph should be roughly 75 to 200 words long. If you divide the required word count by five paragraphs (1,500 by 5), you end with 300 words per paragraph, way above the number you should have in a paragraph. If your paragraphs are too long, they likely have too many ideas and your reader may become confused. Your paragraphs should be two-third of a page at most, and never longer than a page.

Instead, if you think of your essays being divided into sections (with possibly more than one paragraph per section), your writing will likely be more organized and allow your reader to follow your presentation of ideas without creating too much distance between your paragraph’s supporting points and its topic sentence.

As you will see in Section 4.5, some essay forms may require even more than five paragraphs or sections because of how many points are necessary to address. For the rest of this chapter, the term paragraph will also imply section.

Sections of an Expository Essay

An expository essay, regardless of its purpose, should have at least five sections, which are:

Introduction
First body section/paragraph
Second body section/paragraph
Third body section/paragraph
Conclusion.

The introduction should state the topic of your paper: your thesis statement as well as brief signposts of what information the rest of the paper will include. That is, you only want to mention the content of the body paragraphs; you do not want to go in to a lot of detail and repeat what will be in the rest of the essay.

The first body section or paragraph should focus on one of your main points and provide evidence to support that point. There should be two to three supporting points: reasons, facts, statistics, quotations, examples, or a mix of these. Both the second and third body sections should follow the same pattern. Providing three body sections with one point each that supports the thesis should provide the reader with enough detail to be convinced of your argument or fully understand the concept you are explaining. However, remember that some sections will require more explanation, and you may need to separate this information into multiple paragraphs.

You can order your sections in the most logical way to explain your ideas. For example, if you are describing a process, you may use chronological order to show the definite time order in which the steps need to happen. You will learn about the different ways to organize your body paragraphs in the next chapter.

The concluding paragraph , or conclusion, can be a little tricky to compose because you need to make sure you give a concise summary of the body paragraphs, but you must be careful not to simply repeat what you have already written. Look back at the main idea of each section/paragraph, and try to summarize the point using words different from those you have already used. Do not include any new points in your concluding paragraph.

Consider Your Audience: How Much Do They Know?

Later in this chapter, you will work on determining and adapting to your audience when writing, but with an expository essay, since you are defining or informing your audience on a certain topic, you need to evaluate how much your audience knows about that topic (aside from having general common knowledge). You want to make sure you are giving thorough, comprehensive, and clear explanations on the topic. Never assume the reader knows everything about your topic (even if it is covered in the reader’s field of study). For example, even though some of your instructors may teach criminology, they may have specialized in different areas from the one about which you are writing; they most likely have a strong understanding of the concepts but may not recall all the small details on the topic. If your instructor specialized in crime mapping and data analysis for example, he or she may not have a strong recollection of specific criminological theories related to other areas of study. Providing enough background information without being too detailed is a fine balance, but you always want to ensure you have no gaps in the information, so your reader will not have to guess your intention. Again, we will practise this more in Section 4.9.

What Comes Next?

In the next eight sections (4.2 through 4.9), we will look at different expository modes, or rhetorical modes, you will often be assigned. These are:

Illustration
Description
Classification
Process analysis
Compare and contrast
Cause and effect

Rhetorical modes refers simply to the ways to communicate effectively through language. As you read about these modes, keep in mind that the rhetorical mode a writer chooses depends on his or her purpose for writing. Sometimes writers incorporate a variety of modes in any one essay. In this chapter, we also emphasize the rhetorical modes as a set of tools that will allow you greater flexibility and effectiveness in communicating with your audience and expressing your ideas.

In a few weeks, you will need to submit your first essay–an expository sample–and you will be given the choice of topic: one from each of the modes. Think about which types of expository essays are easier and which are more challenging for you. As mentioned, as you progress through your studies, you will be exposed to each of these types. You may want to explore a mode you find more challenging than the others in order to ensure you have a full grasp on developing each type. However, it is up to you. As you work through the sections, think about possible topics you may like to cover in your expository essay and start brainstorming as you work through the self-practice exercises.

After we explore each of the individual modes in the eight sections that follow, we will look at outlining and drafting; it is at this point you will want to fine tune and narrow the topic you will write about, so you can focus on that when doing the exercises.

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Welcome to the Purdue Online Writing Lab

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out-of-class instruction.

The Purdue On-Campus Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab assist clients in their development as writers—no matter what their skill level—with on-campus consultations, online participation, and community engagement. The Purdue Writing Lab serves the Purdue, West Lafayette, campus and coordinates with local literacy initiatives. The Purdue OWL offers global support through online reference materials and services.

A Message From the Assistant Director of Content Development

The Purdue OWL® is committed to supporting students, instructors, and writers by offering a wide range of resources that are developed and revised with them in mind. To do this, the OWL team is always exploring possibilties for a better design, allowing accessibility and user experience to guide our process. As the OWL undergoes some changes, we welcome your feedback and suggestions by email at any time.

Please don't hesitate to contact us via our contact page if you have any questions or comments.

All the best,

Social Media

Facebook twitter.

IMAGES

How To Write An Expository Essay (7 Best Tips)
What Is an Expository Essay? Examples and Guide
How to Write an Expository Essay: Examples and 25 Topic Ideas
An Expert Guide to Create an Expository Essay Outline
Steps in writing an expository essay
🔥 What to write an expository essay on. How to Write an Expository

VIDEO

Discover the Art of Making Jaggery: A Step-by-Step Guide to the Traditional Process from Sugarcane
EXPOSITORY ESSAY FC
How to write expository writing essay. briefly explain in urdu / Hindi. #education #pakistan #india
How This Local #Gari Processing Factory in Techiman,Ghana Gives Hope to the #Poor in their Community
Jaggery production process
8th Expository Essay- Introduction/ Research/ Prewrite

COMMENTS

PDF Producing Gari from Cassava
lists the types and capacity of some machines commonly used to produce gari from cassaa efore buying euipment, the processor should ind out about the product ualities reuired by the maret, to ensure they produce the most suitable product Table 1: Equipment for producing gari Name/function Capacity Key features required and common problems assaa ...
How To Make Garri (Comprehensive Guide)
Aim for 40-50% water in the mash. Method two (Fermenting and dewatering at the same time): During fermenting, put pressure on the bag of mash by putting heavy stones on it, or by twisting the top of the bag and squeezing water out of it. Pressing the bag between wooden poles with ropes would also work.
11 Simple Cassava Processing Steps to Produce Quality Garri
Harvest and sort your cassava to get the best. Peel the cassava roots. Wash and clean the cassava root. Grate the cassava roots into a mash. Ferment the Cassava Mash to Remove Hydrocyanic Acid. Press the cassava sack to drain the water in the garri. After draining the garri mash, sift the wet cake into grits.
How to Make Garri (Cassava Flour) from Raw Cassava
Working in small batches is more efficient and thorough. Transfer the powder to a shallow frying or cast iron pan and heat it up over high heat. Stir the powder constantly to prevent burning. Remove the pan from the heat once the powder is completely dry and brittle. This usually takes 20-30 minutes.
Producing Gari from Cassava
Gari is dry, crispy, creamy-white and granular. It is made from cassava roots that have been crushed into a mash, fermented and sieved into small pieces (known as grits). The grits are then roasted or fried to make the final crispy product. Gari is a popular food in West Africa and is fast becoming a marketable product. Objectives of the guide
Producing Gari from Cassava: An illustrated guide for smallholder
15. Producing Gari from Cassava: An illustrated guide for smallholder cassava processors. Always de-water the cassava ma sh in the w et area of the factory, using one of the foll owing metho ds ...
Gari Production in Ghana: Step by Step Guide
Gari Production in Ghana: Step by Step Guide. Gari (also known as tapioca or Garri) is the most commonly sold processed cassava product in Ghana and Africa today. Estimates suggest that more than 75% of the cassava grown in Africa ends up being processed into gari. Gari prices are often thought of as a good way to figure out how much cassava ...
(PDF) Sustainability of Garri Processing: A Case Study ...
Result obtained from the constrain ts limiting garri processing in owode-yewa of. Ogun state revealed that the short life span of raw cassava tubers is the most severe with 98%. This rating was ...
The processes involved in garri production
It mainly includes washing and peeling, crushing, fermentation, dewatering and frying. In this article I will show you how the processes involved in garri production. 1. Washing and peeling. Usually knives will be used to peel the cover of the cassava. Then use a lot of water to wash the peeled cassava by hands.
Garri (Cassava) Production Process Complete Guide
Steps involved in the Cassava Processing for Garri. The following are steps that are involved in the cassava processing for garri; 1. The first step is to harvest and then sort your cassava to get the best out of it. 2. Then you peel the cassava roots into bowls or horns. 3. Wash the cassava root and also clean it. 4.
Nigeria's gari revolution: improving efficiency and equity of a staple
Gari is a staple food for millions of West Africans, particularly in Nigeria where its production exceeds 9 million tons a year, and employs hundreds of thousands of people - especially women and children.. Made from cassava, gari is a creamy-white granular flour with a slightly sour taste that is most commonly eaten either by being soaked in cold water together with ingredients such as ...
Process for Making Garri
To produce Garri from cassava tubers, the following are required: 1.Cassava tubers ( apku ): Harvested from farms and must be used within seventy-two (72) hours. 2.Kitchen knife ( mma ): Will be used to peel off back of the cassava and cut them into smaller sizes. 3.Water ( mmiri ): To achieve maximum hygiene, water would be required to wash ...
Garri processing business in Nigeria: Everything you need to know
Operation of garri processing. To turn cassava into garri, it require four process which are: 1) Peel, wash, grate and ferment cassava by adding large amount of water to it for five to seven days. 2) Using hydraulic press, dewater the soft cassava and grate it again to form slur. 4) Then fry it into garri using fryer.
How to Write an Expository Essay
The structure of your expository essay will vary according to the scope of your assignment and the demands of your topic. It's worthwhile to plan out your structure before you start, using an essay outline. A common structure for a short expository essay consists of five paragraphs: An introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
Garri Production in Nigeria; How Viable?
Garri is widely known in Nigeria and other West African countries. Garri constitutes a daily meal to millions people world-wide. It is a popular West African food. It is most widely eaten as Eba. Eba is made by sprinkling garri into a bowl or pot of boiling water and stirred until dough of garri is formed. You could add more water to the dough ...
PDF Quality management manual for the production of gari
The gari market is competitive, sellers or buyers cannot unilaterally impose prices on the market. In major gari producing areas, gari is produced by numerous smallholder units which sell gari essentially in village markets. Big markets, which are often fewer, act as an assembly center for gari from the numerous surrounding smallholder units.
Guide to Writing an Effective Expository Essay
Provide evidence: Back up your statements with solid evidence and well-researched examples. Citing credible sources, such as reputable studies, expert opinions, and statistical data, will add credibility and weight to your arguments, making them more persuasive and powerful. 4. Organize your thoughts: Structure your essay in a logical and ...
How to Write an Expository Essay
1. Read Your Essay Prompt. Most expository essay prompts will ask you to do one of the following: Define and explain a concept or theory. Compare and contrast two ideas. Examine a problem and propose a solution. Describe a cause and effect relationship. Explain a step-by-step process.
Expository Essays
An expository essay is an unbiased, factual piece of writing that provides an in-depth explanation of a topic or set of ideas. It aims to explain a topic from all angles and takes no decisive stance on it. Expository essays make no new arguments on a topic but rather explain preexisting information in a structured format.
4.1: Expository Essays
Sections of an Expository Essay. An expository essay, regardless of its purpose, should have at least five sections, which are: Introduction. First body section/paragraph. Second body section/paragraph. Third body section/paragraph. Conclusion. The introduction should state the topic of your paper: your thesis statement as well as brief ...
How to Write an Expository Essay in 5 Steps
How to Write an Expository Essay in 5 Steps. Written by MasterClass. Last updated: Jun 7, 2021 • 3 min read. Learning how to write a good expository essay is an academic writing skill that lays the foundation for the type of expository writing that's necessary for numerous professions.
PDF Strategies for Essay Writing
prompt carefully to make sure you understand what you are being asked to do. Sometimes your assignment will be open-ended ("write a paper about anything in the course that interests you"). But more often, the instructor will be asking you to do something specific that allows you to make sense of what you've been learning in the course.
Welcome to the Purdue Online Writing Lab
The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out ...