dissertation on green supply chain management

Optimization in Green Supply Chain Management

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• Massimiliano Caramia 3 &
• Emanuele Pizzari 3  

Introduction

The concept of supply chain (SC) is well-known and established. An SC encompasses all the activities that transform raw material into a finished product, which is then sold to customers (Fig. 1 ) [ 40 ]. This definition identifies the forward flow in an SC.

Forward flow in a supply chain

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Caramia, M., Pizzari, E. (2024). Optimization in Green Supply Chain Management. In: Pardalos, P.M., Prokopyev, O.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Optimization. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54621-2_875-1

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Three essays on green supply chain management

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The dissertation includes three essays. These three empirical studies apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine key issues in green supply chain management. The hypothesized model is tested using a sample of supply chain managers derived from a Dun and Bradstreet database. The data collection is through a large web-based survey. The first essay examines how a firm's proactive environmental management strategy influences operational performance. The second essay examines the effect of how top management responds to pressure from a firm's rivals and stakeholders to implement green supply management practices. The last essay examines how environmental management competitive pressure from main competitors influences a firm to pursue and produce new environmental innovations into the marketplace (e.g., focal firm's green success) through its green supply chain integration activities.

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Home > Books > Green Practices and Strategies in Supply Chain Management

Introductory Chapter: Introduction of Green Supply Chain Management

Submitted: 19 July 2018 Published: 05 November 2018

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81088

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Green Practices and Strategies in Supply Chain Management

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Author Information

Syed abdul rehman khan *.

• School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

*Address all correspondence to: [email protected]

1. Introduction

Since last couple of decades, environmental issues have been increasing and traveling faster than forest fire, country to region, region to world level territory, which is a serious cause of climate change and global warming. In addition, scarcity of natural resources and air and water pollution badly affect the fauna and flora, human life with different diseases they cause definitely, such like ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease, stroke, Dracunculiasis, Cholera, Hepatitis, Typhoid fever, and Norovirus [ 2 ]. While, the green supply chain concept occurs to mitigate environmental degradations and control air, water and waste pollution through the adoption of green practices in business operations. Undeniably, the basic ideology behind green concept is to enhanced environmental sustainability, but firms adopt green concept as “kill two enemies with one bullet”. Because green supply chain can reduce the environmental pollution and production costs and it also can spur economic growth, create competitive advantage in terms of greater customer satisfaction, positive image and reputation and provide better opportunity to export their products in pro-environmental countries [ 1 ]. The definition of green idea is expanding with new innovations and techniques to protect environmental sustainability, which can be recognized by corporate social responsibility, green manufacturing, waste reduction, recycling and remanufacturing sustainable/environmental friendly supply chain, green supply chain, etc.

The term sustainable or green supply chain refers to the idea of integrating sustainable environmental processes into the traditional supply chain. This can include processes such as supplier selection and purchasing material, product design, product manufacturing and assembling, distribution and end-of-life management. Instead of mitigating harmful impact of business and supply chain operations, green supply chain involves value addition and/or value creation through the operations of whole chain. Undeniably, reducing air, water and waste pollution is the main goal of green supply chain, while green operations also enhance firms’ performance in terms of less waste manufacturing, reuse and recycling of products, reduction in manufacturing costs, greater efficiency of assets, positive image building, and greater customer satisfaction. Figure 1 displays a green supply chain of child’s crib manufacturer as an example.

Green supply chain of child’s crib manufacturer.

Green supply chain makes the applications of the key sustainable development strategy outstand. It emphasizes how green practices can be adopted in firms to mitigate the environmental degradations and increase the economic and operational performance of firms, while Figure 2 illustrates a simple model of green supply chain. Khan et al. [ 2 ] have explained the concepts of sustainable and green supply chain management:

Simple model of GSCM.

Application of environmental management principles to the entire set of activities across the whole customer order cycle, including, design, procurement, manufacturing and assembly, packaging, logistics and distribution [ 3 ].

Integrating environmental thinking into supply chain management, including ecological design of products, purchasing green materials and components, reengineering of manufacturing steps towards ecofriendly, reverse logistics management of the product after its useful life [ 4 ].

Integrating environmental consideration onto firms’ supply chain including reverse logistics [ 5 ].

Reducing and controlling the harmful impacts of supply chain on the environment [ 6 ].

Adoption of ecological design, sourcing green materials and chemicals, and provide green trainings to employees under ethical leadership [ 7 ].

Green supply chain are integrating ecofriendly concept into supply chain management to improve environmental sustainability with different green practices including, green purchasing, green distribution and warehousing, green transportation with usage of biofuels, green manufacturing processes and the products’ end-of-life management [ 2 , 7 ].

In the World, as the environmental awareness is increasing, firms are facing heavy pressure from different stakeholders including government and customers to mitigate their harmful effect on the environment [ 8 ]. Indeed, corporate sector needs to consider integrating their business practices in service and manufacturing industry with sustainability and reducing end-to-end supply chain costs to achieve competitive advantage [ 1 , 9 ]. Since last couple of decades, growing impacts of global warming, climate change, waste and air pollution issues have involved increasing world-wide attention of experts to think more ecofriendly and find optimum possible solution towards “Green” [ 10 , 11 ]. Rath [ 12 ] identified GSCM (green supply chain management) plays a part in motivating organizational sustainability. With the environmental concerns rising continuously, GSCM deserves a persistent community concern in developed nations. Further, it has recently woken up the developing nations to the green movement [ 13 ].

2. The role of critical success factors in GSCM

Ethical leadership/internal management

Customer management

Supplier management

Competitiveness

2.1 Ethical leadership/internal management

Internal environment management contains support and encouragement from senior managers. Internal management is a key critical success factor for enterprises to adopt green practices. Pressure employees bring about, encouragement and support from environmental-protection motivate senior management. Meanwhile, the perception of environmental risks involved could bring positive change in adoption of green practices [ 8 , 15 , 16 ].

2.2 Customer management

In green supply chains, customers play an important and effective part [ 13 ]. Indeed, developing nations’ firms are facing heavy pressure to adopt green practices in their business operations of supply chain to meet their customers’ demand so that they can be competitive in the market [ 17 ]. Cooperation with customers becomes very useful to attain fruitful advantages from green supply chain management [ 7 , 18 ].

2.3 Supplier management

Green supply chain practices are unable to be adopted without active participation of customers and suppliers [ 19 , 20 ]. Strong collaboration with suppliers enhances incentive systems, boosts the adoption and development of innovative ecofriendly ideas. Technologies, green partnership agreements and openness in implementation of innovative green practices may generate enhancement in operational and environmental performance so as to achieve economic goals of firms [ 21 ].

2.4 Competitiveness

A number of published researches showed that competence and relevant elements could play a part in green practices implementation in their supply chain [ 22 , 23 ]. Competitiveness has been perceived as a significant factor to implement green practices rather than organizations’ wish to protect environmental sustainability. Implementing green practices in firms’ business operations may also be dated back to additional voluntary for competitive factors [ 8 ].

A number of researchers found the significance of societal factors for attaining environmental friendly practices objectives [ 15 , 22 , 24 ]. With growing attention of regulatory bodies and awareness of customers on environment, firms have to exchange end-to-end information regarding their supply chain operations’ effect on local community and people lives [ 25 ]. In addition, NGOs (nongovernment organizations), electronic and social media are more effective in exerting pressure on firms to adopt green practices.

2.6 Regulatory

Increasing prominence of environmental concerns has forced regulatory authorities to strict their environmental laws and policies [ 8 , 26 ]. Governmental bodies have been farming strict environmental laws to control climate change, global warming and pollution; and firms are required to reduce their supply chain’s negative effect on environmental sustainability [ 27 ]. Hence, it becomes more and more important for firms in supply chain to have conformity with regulations so as to conducting ecofriendly strategies.

3. Green practices in supply chain management

With numerous green practices adopted, companies in their business and supply chain operations improve their productivity with better environmental growth. While, some well-known green practices are as follows;

3.1 Green material sourcing

Green sourcing means sourcing or purchasing materials and components which have such enviable ecofriendly characteristics as reusability, recyclability and nonuse of hazardous/dangerous chemicals [ 28 ]. With more and more concerns on environmental protection, procurement professionals have been motivated to reconsider their existing sourcing, purchasing strategy and their impact on environmental sustainability [ 29 , 30 ]. The role of ecofriendly purchasing is the involvement of recycling and remanufacturing. Min and Galle [ 31 ] further emphasized green sourcing supporting waste reduction enhances recycling and remanufacturing and other activities in supply chain. Carter and Rogers [ 32 ] did a research to explore the impact of green sourcing on firms’ environmental and financial performance. They concluded that owing to the successful adoption of green purchasing strategy, products’ cost is reduced and environmental performance and financial performance of firms is increased with positive reputation obtained in the market. Zailani et al. [ 33 ] highlighted that ecofriendly purchasing has positive relationship with firms’ operational and environmental performance. Yang et al. [ 34 ] green purchasing was categorized into five main facets: design operation management, supply chain management, environmental authentication, ecological, and external environmental management. They confirmed that green purchasing improved to the overall firms’ performance [ 35 ]. The adoption of green purchasing in supply chain and business operations is a reliable tool in mitigating waste, air and water pollution.

3.2 Green marketing

The actions directed to all incorporates and consumers comprise green marketing, a broad range of marketing activities (e.g., planning, production,, process, price, promotion and after-sale service) designed to illustrate the goal of organization to mitigate the harmful effects of their products [ 36 ]. Green marketing practice promotes the products with environmental friendly properties [ 8 , 37 ]. It contains the activities that can satisfy human desires of minimum negative effects on the environmental beauty. In addition, green marketing enhances firms’ competitiveness and financial and environmental performance with positive corporate reputation and image [ 35 , 38 ].

3.3 Green management

Green management practices (GMP) provide a firm with supplementary sources of information that can enhance their business and environmental objectives [ 39 ]. Adoption of green management practices help with improved firm image, increased efficiency, environmental compliance improvement, cost savings, achievement of societal commitment and reduction of carbon emissions etc. [ 40 , 41 ].

3.4 Green distribution and warehousing

Green distribution and warehousing can reduce the waste and play an important role in energy reduction and value addition of green products in warehousing significantly improve overall performance of organization with better corporate image [ 7 ]. Green distribution helps enterprises to obtain superior financial and environmental performance [ 42 , 43 ].

3.5 Green manufacturing

Green manufacturing practices are to implement socially and environmentally accountable practices to mitigate harmful effects of manufacturing and increased profitability of firms [ 8 , 29 ]. Green practices in production improve efficiency of processes [ 33 ]. This practice involves the application of the green resources, which may lead towards competitive advantage through reduction in products’ cost and improvement in products’ quality. Lean and green manufacturing industry both are working for eliminating waste and improving the efficiency of manufacturing processes [ 43 ]. Baines et al. [ 42 ] highlighted the benefits of green manufacturing: green practices in production processes mitigate the bad effects of manufacturing processes on environmental sustainability, while green manufacturing improve operational, environmental and financial performance of firms.

3.6 Ecological design

Luthra et al. [ 8 ] highlighted that 80% impacts on environment from product and process related could be controlled with the adoption of ecological design in supply chain management. Ecological design incorporates many ideas such like using cleaner technology processes, green raw material and components [ 28 , 44 ]. Green design of products reduces ecological impacts of products during their life [ 8 , 45 ]. In addition, green design of products also supports reusing, recycling and remanufacturing of products, which not only helps firms to improve their environmental performance but also provide opportunity to reduce their costs [ 1 ].

3.7 Green transportation and reverse logistics

Green transportation and reverser logistics practices provide opportunity to organizations, to improve their image and reduce their costs [ 46 ]. Logistics overheads can be saved through promoting transportation system’s efficiency and enhancement of customer association also can be obtained to create more profitability [ 8 ]. The logistics activities integrated with rehabilitation comprise the practice of reverse logistics (reusing, recycling, and remanufacturing), which can produce the products that can be used again for customers [ 29 ]. Green logistics practice helps firms to reduce their environmental impacts with improved quality and cost reductions [ 47 ].

3.8 Renewable energy and biofuels

Undeniably, global logistical and supply chain operations mainly depend on energy as well as fossil fuel, which are the main cause of climate change, global warming and pollution with greater carbon and greenhouse gas emissions [ 46 ]. Renewable energy and biofuels are required in supply chain operations so as to obtain sustainable environmental and economic growth [ 48 ]. Anable et al. [ 49 ] highlight that logistics related activities consume greater energy to accomplish their task. Renewable energy and biofuels improve economic performance of firms and also reduce carbon emissions. In addition, fossil fuel is more expensive than biofuels and green energy sources [ 50 ]. The strict governmental policies together with customer awareness build pressure on corporate sector to use biofuels and environmental friendly energy in their supply chain operations. The bioenergy mitigates the carbon emissions and also improves profitability of enterprises with better image and reputation building [ 7 , 46 ].

The cost minimization is considered as the most important factor for firms to implement green practices in their supply chain operations. The implementation of green supply chain initiatives would help to cut down the costs of packaging, components and materials due to use of reused, recycled and remanufactured products. Khan et al. [ 2 , 46 ] highlighted that green practices provide opportunity to capture new markets and export to pro-environmental countries, while polluted firms are unable to export their products in pro-environmental countries such as USA, Germany, UK and Poland. Undeniably, green supply chain management practices have been a tool for firms to decrease their products’ cost, enhance profitability and increase market share [ 51 ]. On the other hand, to improve social performance, firms also adopt green practices in their business activities. Social performance indicates improvement of people’s quality life standard without compromising on environmental beauty. In addition, social performance includes the enhancement of firm image and the improvement of environmental sustainability, as well as reduction in environmental risks [ 29 ].

By adopting GSCM practices, firms may enhance their operational performance through improving products quality and improving delivery service [ 15 ]. Green supply chain management initiatives also help organizations to improve their environmental performance such as reduction in carbon emissions, elimination of waste from end-to-end supply chain, effective and strong collaboration with suppliers would decrease their communication costs and easily promote reuse, recycling and remanufacturing [ 52 ]. Environment management system (EMS) integrated into firms’ manufacturing strategy will assist the firms to enhance its ecological performance [ 53 ].

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© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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• Anthesis Group
• Anthesis España
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Developing a Sustainability Supply Chain Strategy in Cosmetics

A cosmetics and personal care brand aimed to define a purpose-based supply chain sustainability strategy, seeking to build a future-facing operating model and to gain visibility over their supply chain.

• Definition of key impact areas and an associated governance model.
• Development of clear actions, key metrics, and timelines to address risk and resilience.
• Supply Chain Sustainability & Responsible Sourcing

An early stage, high-growth cosmetics and personal care brand desired to define an authentic, purpose-based supply chain sustainability strategy, alongside its broader sustainability goals.

This strategy aimed to build a future-facing operating model and to power the next phase of growth for the business by enabling visibility into their supply chain.

To address this need, Anthesis developed a variety of a reports to better contextualize the current state, including:

• A research insights report
• A current state assessment
• Peer benchmarking
• Stakeholder views
• An organization-wide supply chain assessment

Leveraging these insights, we built a strategic framework with actionable roadmaps across four priority areas for internal teams and the supply chain.

Through Anthesis’ Activator Journey and Supply Chain Strategy, this engagement identified four key impact areas, with an associated governance model, to drive sustainability and operational growth for the business. Clear actions, KPIs, internal owners, and timelines to address risks, increase supply chain sustainability and resilience, and optimize sustainable business operations were also defined to ensure progress.

We are the world’s leading purpose driven, digitally enabled, science-based activator. And always welcome inquiries and partnerships to drive positive change together.

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• MSc Logistics and Supply Chain Management
• Engineering

Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Gain the knowledge and skills required to manage global supply chains and associated logistics. 

Everything you need to know...

What is the fee.

Home: £10,620 for the course International/EU: £17,725 for the course

How long will I study?

Where will i study, city campus, when do i start.

September 2025 January 2026

Work Placement Route

For international students wishing to undertake a placement as part of this course, you must apply to the work experience route. Transferring to the work experience route later will not be possible due to visa restrictions.

Course summary

• Develop and enhance your technical and problem solving skills in the area of logistics, with a specific emphasis on supply chain management.
• Promote contemporary best practice in the theory and application of leading edge technologies, processes and systems
• Provide a route to Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) and Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS) membership.

The course covers strategies, management, technology and systems. You learn modern approaches to supply chain management such as lean, six-sigma and operations management which are integral elements of the course. On the two-year work experience route, the course offers useful work placement opportunities.

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Accredited by

This course is accredited by the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT UK) and offers full exemption from the education requirements for Chartered Membership for graduates achieving an overall average mark of 50% or more.

This course is accredited by the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS) . Learners who successfully complete this programme and meet the conditions specified may apply for MCIPS, the globally recognised standard for procurement and supply management professionals.

Graduate view

'This course was crucial in getting the job of my dreams. I now work as an ERP functional consultant for Avanade. I've found that I'm familiar with a lot of the discussion at work, as we covered it as part of the master's programme.' 

Anxhela Carhoshi, MSc Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2018 graduate

Come to an open day

Find out more at our postgraduate open days. Book now for your place.

How you learn

Your lecturer's view.

All our courses are designed around a set of key principles based on engaging you with the world, collaborating with others, challenging you to think in new ways, and providing you with a supportive environment in which you can thrive.

This course enhances your career potential by improving your knowledge and transferable skills. Through the use of our academics' industrial experience, research and consultancy, we engage you into an enriched practical teaching environment. Sheffield Hallam University is a SAP Student Academy and a founding member of the SAP University Alliance. Therefore, you will have the opportunity to have free access to SAP and sit the SAP certification in one of the available modules by SAP but at extra cost.

You learn through:

• laboratory sessions

This course is delivered face-to-face over three semesters - teaching is scheduled based on the length of your course and the academic calendar.

Course leaders and tutors

Professor Sameh Saad

Professor Saad graduated with an honours degree in Production Engineering, MSc in Industrial Engineering and a PhD in Manufacturing Engineering from University of No … Read more

Applied learning

Work Placement

You will have the opportunity to go on a work placement for up to 12 months. You are supported in finding placements and can apply for a vacancy as you would a job. There are dedicated sessions to support you in CV writing, interview skills and job applications.

The placement starts during the summer of your second year and most are paid. Apply for the placement route by selecting the two year course length.

Networking opportunities

You attend a series of guest lectures and industry visits to enhance your learning experience and to make you understand how theories and technologies are used in industry. Guest speakers include supply chain professionals from manufacturing, retail, health, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Future careers

This course prepares you for a career as:

• a logistics coordinator
• a supply chain analyst
• a solutions analyst
• a supply chain coordinator
• a demand analyst

Previous graduates of this course have gone on to work for

• Caterpillar – the world's leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines and industrial gas turbines
• Dematic – the market leader in innovative logistics automation systems
• NYK Logistics – delivers fully integrated logistics solutions tailored to the needs of their customers
• Tuffnells – leading parcel delivery company

You study at City Campus through a structured mix of lectures, seminars and practical sessions as well as access to digital and online resources to support your learning.

City Campus is located in the heart of Sheffield, within minutes of the train and bus stations.

City Campus map | City Campus tour  

Howard Street Sheffield S1 1WB

Adsetts library

Adsetts Library is located on our City Campus. It's open 24 hours a day, every day.

Learn more about your department

Engineering and Maths Facilities Tour

Take a look around the Engineering and Maths facilities at Sheffield Hallam University.

Equipment and facilities

On this course you work with

• SupplyChainGuru, an award winning modelling platform which is used to demonstrate design and operation principles.
• the world's leading Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) platform, SAP, to demonstrate how modern ERP systems are used to integrate supply chain operations.

Entry requirements

All students, additional information for eu/international students.

UK students

Normally one from

• an honours degree 2.2 or above in science or engineering

• an honours degree 2.2 or above in business or management, where some computing or technology focussed modules have been studied

• suitable professional qualifications in engineering, management or supply chain management

• a degree in any area, plus at least one year of industrial experience in a role or organisation related to operations management, logistics or supply chain management

• a diploma in a technological area, with at least three years of experience in a logistics or supply chain related field

You may also be able to claim credit points which can reduce the amount of time it takes to complete your qualification at Sheffield Hallam. Find out more

Overseas applicants from countries whose first language is not English must normally produce evidence of competence in English, such as an IELTS score of 6.0 with 5.5 in all skills. If your English language skill is currently below an IELTS score of 6.0 with a minimum of 5.5 in all skills we recommend you consider a Sheffield Hallam University Pre-sessional English course which will enable you to achieve an equivalent English standard.

If you are an International or non-UK European student, you can find out more about the country specific qualifications we accept on our international qualifications page.

For details of English language entry requirements (IELTS), please see the information for 'All students'.

Modules studied may differ depending on when you start your course.

Important notice: The structure of this course is periodically reviewed and enhanced to provide the best possible learning experience for our students and ensure ongoing compliance with any professional, statutory and regulatory body standards. Module structure, content, delivery and assessment may change, but we expect the focus of the course and the learning outcomes to remain as described above. Following any changes, updated module information will be published on this page.

Compulsory modules

Finance and marketing, global supply chain and manufacturing strategy, lean operations and six sigma, logistics and enterprise information systems, project and dissertation, project and quality management, strategic sourcing and procurement, supply chain modelling and simulation, warehouse systems and transportation, fees and funding, home students, international students.

Our tuition fee for UK students starting full-time study in 2025/26 is £10,620 for the course.

If you are studying an undergraduate course, postgraduate pre-registration course or postgraduate research course over more than one academic year then your tuition fees may increase in subsequent years in line with Government regulations or UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) published fees. More information can be found in our terms and conditions  under student fees regulations.

Our tuition fee for International/EU postgraduate research students starting full-time study in 2025/26 is £17,725 for the course.

Postgraduate student loans

Up to £11,222 available for Home students on most masters courses.

Additional course costs

This link allows you to view estimated costs associated with the main activities on specific courses. These are estimates and, as such, are only an indication of additional course costs. Actual costs can vary greatly depending on the choices you make during your course.

Legal information

Any offer of a place to study is subject to your acceptance of the University’s Terms and Conditions and Student Regulations .

How do I apply?

You apply for this course via our online application form.

• Apply for January 2025 (1 Year)
• Apply for September 2024 (1 Year)
• Apply for September 2024 (16 Months)

You can also use the application form above to apply for future years of entry.

Not ready to apply just yet?

Why not come to our next open day? Open days are the perfect place to talk to staff and students, visit our campuses and get all the information you need. Alternatively, feel free to ask us a question.

Why choose us?

We are Gold rated in the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) for the outstanding quality of our teaching and student outcomes

95% of our UK graduates are in work or further study 15 months after graduating (2020/21 Graduate Outcomes Survey)

Study in our £11 million Hertha Ayrton STEM Centre and get hands-on experience with industry-standard equipment

Where next?

Find out more about Sheffield Hallam's postgraduate opportunities and community.

You can chat to teaching and admissions staff, view our facilities and learn more about your funding options.

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• The Use of AI in Sustainable Finance

Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Finance: What are the current uses cases of AI in Sustainable Finance and how mature are they?

• KPMG Switzerland Blog
• Patrick Schmucki , Director |
• Owen Matthews , Director |

AI and Sustainable Finance intersect to tackle climate change and social issues, empowering financial institutions and investors with AI-driven solutions for sustainable development and maximizing returns amidst growing urgency. This blog lists areas where AI is already being applied today.

Risk Management and ESG Integration

By analyzing vast amounts of data from diverse sources, including satellite imagery, social media, and financial reports, AI algorithms can assess companies’ sustainability performance and anticipate potential risks associated with environmental and social factors. AI-based models are particularly good at capturing complex, non-linear relationships that are difficult to incorporate into traditional models. On the other hand, the governance of such models can be more challenging, requiring the assessment of factors such as explainability and fairness.

Maturity assessment: AI-driven risk management and ESG integration tools are becoming increasingly common among large financial institutions and asset managers. However, smaller firms and institutional investors are still in the early stages of adopting these technologies.

Climate Risk Modeling

AI-powered climate risk modeling tools help financial institutions quantify and manage climate risk by simulating different climate scenarios and their potential impact on asset valuations, supply chains, and investment portfolios. Methodologies such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can be used to modify and enrich climate scenarios without having to build them from scratch.

Maturity assessment: while AI-powered climate risk modeling tools are gaining momentum particularly in the insurance sector, broader adoption across the financial sector is hampered by challenges such as data availability, model accuracy and regulatory uncertainty.

Impact Investing

AI facilitates impact investing by identifying investment opportunities that generate measurable environmental or social benefits in addition to financial returns. Machine learning algorithms can analyze large datasets to identify companies, projects, or initiatives that align with specific sustainability goals, such as renewable energy, clean technology or social inclusion.

Maturity assessment: while a growing number of asset managers are using AI-driven insights to identify opportunities that align with sustainability goals, widespread adoption is still limited and more commonly observed in traditional investment approaches.

Sustainable Supply Chain Management

AI technologies are increasingly being used to improve the sustainability of supply chains by optimizing resource allocation, reducing waste and improving transparency and traceability. Through advanced analytics and predictive modeling, AI can optimize logistics, minimize carbon emissions and identify opportunities for sustainable sourcing practices.

Maturity assessment: AI applications for sustainable supply chain management are more prevalent in industries, such as retail, consumer goods and manufacturing, where supply chain sustainability is a strategic priority. Adoption rates vary widely across organizations, with many smaller companies facing barriers such as cost and complexity.

Identification of greenwashing risks in external communication

AI helps identify greenwashing risks in external publications through sentiment analysis, content analysis, contextual understanding, data verification and pattern recognition. By analyzing textual data, AI identifies inconsistencies, exaggerated claims and misleading language that could indicate potential greenwashing. Publicly available examples of this technology are chatclimate.ai or ChatReport lauched as part of the Natural Language Processing for Sustainable Finance Programme ( NLP4SF ), which is a collaboration between the Oxford Sustainable Finance Group and the Department of Banking and Finance at the University of Zurich.

Maturity assessment: while some large corporations and financial institutions have started to integrate AI-powered tools into their sustainability analysis processes, widespread adoption is still limited.

In conclusion, the integration of AI into sustainable finance holds great promise for accelerating the transition to a more sustainable and inclusive global economy. By harnessing the power of AI to analyze vast amounts of data, mitigate risk and identify investment opportunities, financial institutions and investors can drive positive environmental and social impact while generating financial returns.

This blog was written using AI.

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Green Warehouse Logistics is Booming in Teresin Near Warsaw

Press Release: Warsaw, 13 May 2024

In response to the growing demand for sustainable logistics solutions, DHL Supply Chain is paving the way for development at its new zero-emissions warehouse in Teresin. Located 50 kilometres west of Warsaw, this innovative investment fits into the supply chain management leader's strategy and underlines the company's commitment to protecting the environment and promoting sustainability.

Strategically located in a logistics hub in the western suburbs of Warsaw, the Teresin warehouse has been designed to maximise environmental impact. The zero-emission facility, ultimately comprising three modules with over 90,000 sq m of modern warehouse space, has achieved BREEAM Excellent status. The first phase in Teresin saw the construction of Warehouse A with an area of 29,000 sq m, of which 8,500 sq m is dedicated to e-commerce sector companies.

The distinguishing features of the Teresin logistics complex are:

• Photovoltaic panels producing green energy on the roofs of the buildings;
• Charging stations for electric vehicles, including ultra-fast 350 kW chargers for trucks;
• Heat pumps for efficient heating and cooling with low energy consumption;
• Insulation systems for walls, roofs and windows that significantly increase the energy efficiency of the buildings;
• Energy-efficient LED lighting with smart control systems;
• Energy monitoring systems and smart meters that enable precise management of resources and optimisation of energy use.

- As a company, we know that there are no shortcuts to sustainable, efficient logistics that are in harmony with the environment. It is facilities such as the one in Teresina that are the future of warehouse logistics, providing much more than just space for storage and various operations. A cornerstone in our philosophy is to support the business of our tenants and helping them to develop further through access to the latest solutions and innovations. "Importantly, we are creating a large part of them from scratch," emphasises Anna Galas, Business Development Director, DHL Supply Chain.

The list of tenants at the Teresin warehouse already includes companies from such sectors as retail, FMCG, clothing, tobacco and construction. Part of the space is occupied by companies from the medical and pharmaceutical sectors. They benefit from the adaptation of the facilities (e.g. cold chain) to the strict safety and compliance requirements regulated by law and good practice, as well as the experience of the staff in handling logistics processes for pharmaceuticals.

The advantage of the facility's location in Teresin, apart from its proximity to Warsaw and good access to the nearby DK92 and A2 motorways, is the large staff potential and availability of qualified employees. In addition, during the high season, DHL Supply Chain can manage its human resources more efficiently in Teresin, relying on employees from 3 other logistics centres located in Łódź.

Current time by city

For example, New York

Current time by country

For example, Japan

Time difference

For example, London

For example, Dubai

Coordinates

For example, Hong Kong

For example, Delhi

For example, Sydney

Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

City coordinates

Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia