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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume vs Cover Letter: How...

Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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What Is the Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter?

• Resume vs. Cover Letter

What a Resume Includes

What a cover letter includes.

• Use a Cover Letter to be Subjective

 Prostock-Studio / iStock / Getty Images Plus

What's the difference between a resume and a cover letter? Both a cover letter and a resume share the common purpose of proving that you have the right skills to excel at the job for which you are applying.

However, there are clear distinctions between the structure and intent of the two documents. Job seekers should view their cover letter and resume as a complementary but unique pair of documents. That is, your cover letter should be more than just bullet points regurgitated from the resume. 

Many employers require that a resume is submitted with a job application. 

A cover letter may not be required. But, including one when you apply for a job can help your chances of getting selected for an interview.

The Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter

You can think of your resume as a general summary of your work experience and your cover letter as a summary of your work experience as it relates to the job at hand. 

A resume is a document that itemizes your employment history. It summarizes the jobs you have held, the education you have attained, certifications, skills, and other quantifiable information about your background and work experience. 

The most common  resume format  is a list with your contact information, and experience section that includes job titles, position descriptions, dates of employment, an education section, and other relevant information.

Typically, a resume is written in the third person and uses as few words as possible to summarize the experience. So, instead of writing "I supervised the large buying team at XYZ company" a resume would have a bullet point that says, "Supervised 19-person buying team."

Whenever possible, you'll want to use numbers on your resume, such as the number of people you supervised, percent sales increased, the number of customers helped, etc.

A cover letter is written to highlight the qualifications you have for the job for which you are applying. It is used to provide the employer with additional information as to why you are a good candidate for the job. The main function of your cover letter is to show off how your qualification makes you a match for the job. 

A cover letter is written in a letter format including a salutation, several paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, you should use the first-person to write your cover letter . (That said, avoid using "I" too much.)

Your resume should provide employers with a detailed list of your work experience and education. The skills and accomplishments associated with each job you have held should be described in enough detail to show employers how you have added value in those specific roles.

Often, resumes provide information in bulleted lists; this helps make the document concise and allows recruiters to scan through it quickly. 

A cover letter is a short three or four paragraph document. It should be written with the assumption that employers will consult your resume to match it to the statement you are making in the letter about your qualifications.

A cover letter will help employers to interpret your background as represented on the resume and will help prove how your previous experiences qualify you for a job.

When you are writing a cover letter for a job, first review the job requirements that are detailed in the job posting. Use your cover letter to explain how you meet those criteria.

Use a Cover Letter to Convey Subjective Information

A resume states the facts – who, what, when, and how. In contrast, a cover letter provides an opportunity to explain why you are qualified for the job. This document adds a bit of color and personality and is intended to persuade employers that you're a good fit for the position at hand. 

A cover letter is a better vehicle than a resume to convey more subjective information like the basis of your interest in a position, how your values motivate you to pursue a job, or why the culture of a company appeals to you.

Your cover letters will help you sell your qualifications to prospective employers while your resume provides the details to back up the information included in your letters.

The Difference Between Cover Letter vs. Resume in 2024

When it comes to job search, writing a cover letter and resume are two crucial steps to landing interviews. A cover letter is a document that accompanies a resume and provides a brief overview of the candidate’s qualifications and interests, while a resume is a formal document which highlights an individual’s work experience, educational background, professional achievements, and relevant skills.

Why are they important?

Cover letters and resumes are important because they play a vital role in the hiring process. They are often the first impression a potential employer has of a job candidate, and serve as a means for employers to assess a candidate’s skills, experience, and compatibility with the role they are applying for. A well-written cover letter and resume can set a candidate apart from the competition and increase their chances of securing an interview.

Overview of differences

While cover letters and resumes serve different purposes, they are both important components of a successful job application. One key difference is that a resume focuses more on a candidate’s skills and work experience, while a cover letter provides an opportunity for the candidate to showcase their personality and explain why they are interested in the position. Additionally, a cover letter allows a candidate to address any gaps in their resume or explain aspects that may not be immediately apparent to a potential employer.

In essence, both cover letters and resumes are tools that job seekers can use to market themselves effectively to potential employers. Understanding the differences between the two and knowing how to craft them effectively can make all the difference in landing that dream job.

Content Differences

When it comes to job hunting, crafting a cover letter and a resume are essential to making a strong first impression. However, it’s important to understand the differences between the two so you can optimize the content and increase your chances of landing an interview.

What does a cover letter contain?

A cover letter is a brief document that typically accompanies a resume. It’s a way to introduce yourself to the employer and highlight your relevant skills and experience. The goal of a cover letter is to persuade the reader to consider your resume and invite you to an interview.

A well-written cover letter should contain the following elements:

• An introduction that includes the job you’re applying for and your reason for writing
• A summary of your skills and experience that are relevant to the job
• A section that highlights your achievements and accomplishments
• A strong closing statement that thanks the employer for considering your application and expresses your interest in the position.

What does a resume contain?

On the other hand, a resume is a more comprehensive document that provides a detailed overview of your professional experience, skills, and achievements. Its purpose is to showcase your qualifications and convince the employer to hire you.

Your resume should include the following information:

• Your contact information
• A professional summary that highlights your skills and experience
• Your work history, starting with the most recent position
• Your education, training, and certifications
• Your skills and personal qualities that are relevant to the job

Importance of tailoring content to the job

One of the most crucial aspects of creating a strong cover letter and resume is tailoring the content to the job you’re applying for. This means customizing your documents to match the skills, requirements, and culture of the company you’re interested in.

By tailoring your job application to the specific needs of the employer, you’re showing that you’re a good match for the role and the company. It also demonstrates that you’re invested in the company and took the time to research and learn about its needs.

To tailor your cover letter and resume effectively, you need to:

• Research the company and the job posting
• Analyze the job requirements and match them to your skills and experience
• Use relevant keywords and phrases from the job posting in your documents
• Highlight your achievements and accomplishments that are relevant to the job

Understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume and tailoring them to the job you’re applying for can make a significant difference in your job search success. Spend time crafting these documents and make sure they reflect your most relevant skills and experience.

Formatting Differences

When it comes to creating a cover letter and a resume, there are distinct formatting differences that need to be considered. Here are a few key differences:

Differences in layout and structure

Unlike a resume which has a standardized structure including headings such as “Work Experience,” “Skills,” and “Education,” a cover letter is typically a bit more freeform. It should focus on telling a story about who you are, what you’ve accomplished and why you’re the best fit for the role.

Importance of visual appeal

Your resume and cover letter are a direct representation of you as a candidate. Therefore, it’s important to ensure they have visual appeal. This means using a font that is easy to read, adequate spacing between lines and paragraphs, bullets and numbering for lists, and most importantly, a consistent format.

Tips for formatting

To ensure your cover letter and resume standout in a sea of applicants, here are a few tips to follow:

• Use a standard font such as Times New Roman, Arial or Calibri.
• Use 1-inch margins and spacing of 1.15 or 1.5 between lines and paragraphs.
• Use bold and italics sparingly to emphasize key points.
• Use bullet points and numbered lists where appropriate.
• Ensure your formatting is consistent throughout your document.

By following these tips, your cover letter and resume will be well-formatted, visually appealing and stand out to potential employers.

Purpose Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to know the differences between a cover letter and a resume, as they both serve different purposes in the job application process.

Purpose of a cover letter

A cover letter is a document that explains why you’re interested in the job and how your skills and experience make you a good fit for the position. It’s essentially a personalized introduction that highlights your qualifications, achievements and career goals. A cover letter is an opportunity to showcase your personality and demonstrate your enthusiasm for the job, as well as your ability to communicate effectively.

Purpose of a resume

On the other hand, a resume is a comprehensive summary of your work history, education, skills, abilities and other relevant information. Its primary purpose is to provide potential employers with an overview of your professional experience and qualifications. A resume is typically designed to be scanned quickly, so it’s important to make it easy to read and to highlight the most important information clearly.

How they work together

While a cover letter and a resume serve different purposes, they still work together to provide a complete picture of the job applicant. The cover letter supplements the resume by providing more context around your qualifications and experience, and by showcasing your personality and communication skills.

When writing your cover letter, you should refer specifically to the job posting and show how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the job. You can also use it to explain any gaps or inconsistencies in your work history or qualifications, which may not be immediately apparent from your resume alone.

Your resume, on the other hand, should be tailored to the specific job you’re applying for, highlighting the skills and experience that are most relevant to the position. While your cover letter can provide more context around your qualifications, your resume should be concise and to-the-point, focusing on the most important aspects of your work history and academic background.

The two documents work together to create a complete and compelling presentation of your qualifications and experience, helping you to stand out from other job applicants and get noticed by potential employers. By understanding the purpose of each document and crafting them carefully and thoughtfully, you can maximize your chances of landing your dream job.

Target Audience Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to understand the differences in the audience that will be reading your cover letter and resume. Knowing who will be reading each document will help you tailor your message to meet their needs and expectations.

Who Reads Cover Letters?

Cover letters are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter. These individuals are responsible for screening resumes and selecting candidates to move forward in the hiring process. Cover letters are your opportunity to introduce yourself and make a great first impression.

Who Reads Resumes?

Resumes are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter, but they may also be reviewed by other members of the hiring team, such as HR or department heads. Resumes provide an overview of your work experience, skills, and qualifications.

What Each Audience is Looking For

Hiring managers and recruiters.

Hiring managers and recruiters are looking for candidates who can meet the requirements of the job and fit in with the company culture. When they read a cover letter, they want to see that you have taken the time to research the company and understand what they do. They also want to see that you have the skills and experience needed for the job.

When reading a resume, hiring managers and recruiters are looking for a clear summary of your work history and accomplishments. They want to see that you have relevant experience in the field and that you have achieved measurable results. They also want to see that you have the skills and qualifications necessary for the job.

HR and Department Heads

When HR and department heads review resumes, they are often looking for specific qualifications, such as degrees, certifications, or professional experience. They want to see that you have the credentials needed to be considered for the job.

Department heads may also be looking for candidates who have a strong background in the specific area of the company that they oversee. For example, a marketing manager might be looking for a candidate who has experience with social media marketing or email marketing campaigns.

Usage Differences

One of the most common questions job seekers have is, “when should I use a cover letter versus a resume?” The answer largely depends on the purpose of the document and what information you want to convey. Let’s dive into the specifics:

When to Use a Cover Letter

A cover letter is an introduction to your resume and should be used when you want to provide a more personalized touch to your job application. You should use a cover letter when:

• You want to showcase your writing skills and ability to communicate effectively.
• You are applying for a job that specifically requires a cover letter. Always read the job posting and follow the application instructions provided.
• You want to explain certain things about your resume or qualifications that may not be immediately apparent, such as gaps in employment, relocation plans, or a career change.
• You want to express your enthusiasm for the company or job opportunity and make a memorable impression on the hiring manager.

A cover letter is your chance to highlight your personality, enthusiasm, and professional writing skills. It’s an opportunity to connect with the employer on a deeper level and stand out from other applicants.

When to Use a Resume

A resume is a comprehensive summary of your professional experience, skills, and education. It should be used when you want to provide a detailed account of your qualifications for a particular job. You should use a resume when:

• You want to demonstrate your achievements and accomplishments in previous roles.
• You want to provide a detailed overview of your skills, experience and education relevant to the position.
• You are applying for jobs that request a resume only or if the company does not specify that a cover letter is required.

A resume is a professional document designed to convey your work experience and accomplishments in a concise and formatted manner. It typically follows a standard format, highlighting core information that is relevant to the role you are applying to.

How to Determine Which to Use

In most cases, submitting both a cover letter and a resume is ideal, especially when applying for professional positions. However, there may be instances where submitting one or the other is sufficient.

Here are some tips to determine whether to use a cover letter or a resume:

• Always read the job posting carefully to see what documents are requested.
• If a cover letter is requested, submit one in addition to your resume.
• If there is no mention of a cover letter and you are unsure whether to include one, contact the company and ask. It’s better to verify than to assume.
• Consider the level of formality of the job you are applying to. For example, a cover letter may be more appropriate for a role in public relations, communications or advertising, where a strong writing ability is essential.
• If it’s unclear which to use and both are optional, assess whether your resume can stand alone or if additional explanations or enthusiasm should be highlighted.

Tone Differences

The tone of your cover letter and resume is crucial in determining the impression you make on potential employers. Maintaining a professional tone is essential, and there are some key differences in tone between cover letters and resumes that you should be aware of. In this section, we will discuss how to maintain a professional tone in both documents, explore the differences in tone between cover letters and resumes, and provide tips for finding the right tone.

How to maintain a professional tone

To maintain a professional tone in your cover letter and resume, it is essential to use formal language, avoid slang or jargon, and avoid overly emotional or personal statements. Use a neutral tone and stick to the facts, focusing on your qualifications and experiences. Proofread your documents carefully to ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and error-free.

Differences in tone between cover letters and resumes

While your resume is a more formal document, your cover letter is more of a personal introduction. The tone of your cover letter should be friendly and engaging while still maintaining a professional tone. Your resume should highlight your skills and experience in a straightforward way, while your cover letter can explore your personality, passion for the industry, and enthusiasm for the position you’re applying for.

Tips for finding the right tone

To find the right tone for your cover letter and resume, research the company and the position you’re applying for. Look at the company’s website and social media pages to get a sense of their values, culture, and tone. Pay attention to the language used in the job listing and use similar language in your documents. Tailor your writing to the specific company and position, and don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through in your cover letter.

Maintaining a professional tone is essential in both your cover letter and resume. While there are differences in tone between the two documents, both should highlight your skills, experience, and qualifications in a clear and concise way. By researching the company and position you’re applying for and tailoring your writing to their specific tone and culture, you can find the right tone for your documents and make a strong impression on potential employers.

Common Mistakes

When it comes to applying for a job, there are certain common mistakes that are made in cover letters and resumes. If done correctly, your cover letter and resume can make an excellent first impression on potential employers. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

Common Mistakes in Cover Letters

Generic and impersonal salutations: Avoid addressing your cover letter to “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam.” Always try to address your letter to a specific person in the company.

Talking too much about yourself: Highlight your strengths and experiences that are relevant to the position you are applying for. Avoid writing too much about yourself and your personal life.

Repeating information from your resume: Your cover letter and resume should complement each other, not repeat information. Highlight specific experiences and accomplishments that you didn’t include in your resume.

Failing to explain how you can contribute: Don’t simply write about why you want the job. Instead, explain how your skills will help the company meet their goals.

Spelling and grammar mistakes: Proofread your cover letter multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes. This is the first impression potential employers will have of you, so make sure it’s a good one.

Common Mistakes in Resumes

Too much information: Keep your resume concise and to the point. Your resume should be a maximum of two pages.

Non-relevant work experience: Include work experience that is relevant to the job you are applying for. Employers don’t want to see every job you’ve ever had.

Listing job responsibilities instead of accomplishments: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list your job responsibilities.

Formatting issues: Make sure your resume is visually pleasing and easy to read. Avoid using complicated fonts, and ensure there is plenty of white space.

Failing to tailor your resume to the job: Customize your resume to fit the job description. Highlight experiences and accomplishments that are relevant to the position.

How to Avoid Common Mistakes

Research the company: Before you write your cover letter and resume, research the company and understand their values and mission.

Tailor your application: Customize your cover letter and resume to fit the job description and the company’s values.

Proofread: Proofread your application multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes.

Focus on the important details: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list job responsibilities.

Seek feedback: Have a trusted friend or colleague look over your application to provide feedback and catch any mistakes you may have missed.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can make an excellent first impression on your potential employer and stand out from other applicants.

Tips for Writing

Whether you are applying for a new job or looking to improve your professional writing skills, understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes can make all the difference in your success. Here are some tips for writing effective cover letters and resumes, as well as best practices for writing and editing in general.

Tips for Writing a Successful Cover Letter

• Tailor your cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. Use keywords and phrases from the job description to highlight your relevant skills and experience.
• Address the hiring manager by name, if possible. This shows that you have done your research and are invested in the company and position.
• Highlight your unique qualifications and why you are the best candidate for the job. Use specific examples to demonstrate your skills and accomplishments.
• Keep your cover letter concise and to the point, typically one page or less.
• Proofread your cover letter carefully to ensure that it is error-free and professional.

Tips for Writing a Successful Resume

• Use a clear and readable font, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and keep the formatting simple and consistent.
• Focus on your most relevant and recent work experience, using bullet points to highlight your accomplishments and skills.
• Quantify your achievements and responsibilities whenever possible, using numbers and percentages to demonstrate your impact.
• Include relevant keywords and phrases from the job description, as many companies use automated applicant tracking systems to screen resumes.
• Tailor your resume to the specific job you are applying for, emphasizing the skills and experience most relevant to the position.
• Proofread your resume carefully for typos, grammatical errors, and formatting issues.

Best Practices for Writing and Editing

• Start with a clear and concise thesis or main idea, and organize your writing around this central point.
• Use active voice and strong verbs to make your writing more engaging and impactful.
• Keep your writing concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary words and phrases.
• Use concrete examples and evidence to support your points, and avoid vague or unsubstantiated claims.
• Proofread your writing carefully, checking for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Consider seeking feedback from a trusted colleague or mentor to help improve your writing.

Understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes, and knowing how to write and edit effectively, can help you stand out in today’s competitive job market. By following these tips and best practices, you can create compelling and professional documents that showcase your skills and experience.

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Cover Letter vs. Resume: The Key Differences

Picture this: You've found the perfect job opportunity, and you're excited to submit your application. But wait, the job posting requires both a cover letter and a resume. You might be wondering, "What's the difference between these two documents, and why do I need both?" Fear not, for this article aims to provide clarity on the key distinctions between cover letters and resumes, and help you understand how to effectively use both in your job applications.

Understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume is crucial for job seekers looking to create effective and compelling job applications. While both documents are essential in the job application process, they serve different purposes. A cover letter allows you to express your unique qualifications and passion for the position, while a resume offers a concise summary of your skills, experiences, and achievements. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of each document, discuss their key differences, and offer tips on how to tailor them for specific job applications.

Using both a cover letter and a resume effectively in your job application can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview. According to the Department of Labor , a well-crafted resume showcases your talents and skills to an employer, while a compelling cover letter provides depth and character that enhances your resume. By the end of this article, you will be well-equipped with the knowledge and skills required to make your job application stand out from the competition.

Key Differences Between a Cover Letter and a Resume

The main differences between a cover letter and a resume lie in their purpose, structure, content, and tone. It is essential to understand these distinctions to ensure that your job application is both comprehensive and engaging.

A cover letter is a personalized document that introduces you to the hiring manager and explains why you are a qualified candidate for the job. It allows you to showcase your passion for the position and highlight your unique qualifications that make you an ideal fit. In contrast, a resume is a concise document that summarizes your professional skills, experiences, and achievements, enabling hiring managers to quickly assess your qualifications for the job.

The structure of a cover letter differs significantly from that of a resume. A cover letter is formatted like a formal letter, with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a closing paragraph with a professional sign-off, as mentioned in Zippia . On the other hand, a resume is organized into sections such as contact information, work experience, education, skills, and awards. While there are different resume formats and styles, the overall structure remains consistent across various industries.

The content of a cover letter and a resume also varies. A cover letter allows you to tell a story about your professional journey, highlighting specific experiences and achievements that demonstrate your suitability for the job. In contrast, a resume is a concise summary of your professional background, focusing on quantifiable accomplishments and relevant skills.

As ResumeGo states, cover letters and resumes are different but complementary documents. A cover letter provides depth and character to the list of experiences provided by a resume, emphasizing your unique qualifications and passion for the position.

The tone and writing style of a cover letter and a resume also differ. A cover letter is generally more conversational and personable, allowing you to express your enthusiasm for the job and connect with the hiring manager. In contrast, a resume adopts a more formal and concise tone, focusing on presenting your qualifications in a clear and straightforward manner.

Understanding these key differences between cover letters and resumes is crucial for creating a strong job application that showcases your unique qualifications and passion for the position. As you navigate the job search process, keep in mind that these two documents serve complementary purposes and, when used effectively, can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview.

Tailoring Your Resume and Cover Letter for a Specific Job

To increase your chances of landing an interview, it's crucial to tailor both your cover letter and resume to the specific job you're applying for. Customizing your job application materials demonstrates your genuine interest in the position and allows you to showcase how your skills and experiences align with the company's needs.

Modifying Your Resume

When tailoring your resume for a specific job, consider the following tips:

• Review the job description carefully, identifying the key skills, experiences, and qualifications required for the role.
• Prioritize the most relevant information on your resume, making sure to highlight your accomplishments that align with the job requirements.
• Use keywords from the job description in your resume to increase the likelihood of being noticed by applicant tracking systems (ATS).
• Customize your resume's objective or summary statement to reflect the job title and company you're targeting.

Here's an example of a tailored resume objective:

"Results-driven marketing professional with 5+ years of experience, seeking to leverage proven skills in content creation, social media management, and data analysis in the Digital Marketing Specialist role at XYZ Company."

Personalizing Your Cover Letter

For a cover letter that resonates with the hiring manager, follow these guidelines:

• Address the letter to a specific person if possible, using their name and title.
• Mention the job title and company name in the introduction, expressing your genuine interest in the position.
• Use the body paragraphs to connect your experiences and achievements to the company's values, mission, or product/service offerings.
• Include examples of how you've demonstrated the key skills or qualifications mentioned in the job description.
• Close the letter by expressing your enthusiasm for the opportunity and inviting the hiring manager to discuss your application further.

Here's an example of a tailored cover letter excerpt:

"As a long-time admirer of XYZ Company's innovative approach to digital marketing, I was thrilled to come across the Digital Marketing Specialist position. With my extensive experience in content creation and social media management, I am confident that I would make a valuable addition to your marketing team."

Incorporating keywords from the job description in both your cover letter and resume can further enhance the customization of your application. This not only demonstrates your attention to detail but also increases the likelihood of your application being noticed by ATS.

By tailoring your cover letter and resume for each job application, you can effectively showcase your unique qualifications and passion for the position, increasing your chances of being called for an interview.

Consistency Between Your Cover Letter and Resume

Ensuring consistency between your cover letter and resume is vital for presenting a cohesive and professional image to potential employers. A consistent style, format, and messaging across both documents can help you create a strong and memorable impression.

Importance of Consistency

Maintaining consistency between your cover letter and resume offers several benefits:

• It demonstrates your attention to detail and organization skills.
• It makes your application materials appear more polished and professional.
• It helps reinforce your personal brand and unique value proposition.

Inconsistencies between your cover letter and resume, on the other hand, can create confusion and raise doubts about your credibility. This may lead hiring managers to question your ability to effectively communicate and prioritize information.

Aligning Content and Messaging

To ensure consistency between your cover letter and resume, consider the following tips:

• Use the same font, formatting, and design elements (e.g., headers, bullet points) in both documents.
• Align the content of your cover letter with the experiences and achievements highlighted in your resume, providing more context and detail where necessary.
• Ensure that the dates, job titles, and company names mentioned in your cover letter match those on your resume.
• Proofread both documents carefully, checking for any discrepancies or inconsistencies in content and style.

In conclusion, understanding the key differences between cover letters and resumes is crucial for job seekers looking to create effective and compelling job applications. By tailoring both documents for specific job applications and ensuring consistency between them, you can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview and ultimately, securing your dream job.

The Future of Cover Letters and Resumes

As the job application process evolves, it's essential for job seekers to adapt and stay informed about new trends in cover letters and resumes. In this ever-changing landscape, staying current and refining your application materials can greatly improve your chances of success.

The potential impact of technology on cover letters and resumes: With the rise of AI-driven recruitment tools, it's crucial to optimize your documents for both human readers and applicant tracking systems. This includes using relevant keywords, adopting a clear and concise format, and ensuring your documents are error-free.

The rise of alternative job application methods: As companies continue to adapt their hiring processes, job seekers may encounter alternative application methods, such as video resumes or online portfolios. Embracing these new formats and showcasing your adaptability can make you stand out from the competition.

Staying current with job application trends: Regularly updating your cover letter and resume, as well as staying informed about industry-specific trends and best practices, will keep your application materials fresh and relevant.

By continually refining your cover letters and resumes and staying informed about emerging trends, you can ensure that your job application materials remain effective and engaging for potential employers. As you navigate the ever-evolving job search landscape, remember that understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes is key to your success.

Understanding the key differences between cover letters and resumes is crucial for job seekers looking to create effective and compelling job applications. By tailoring both documents for specific job applications and ensuring consistency between them, you can significantly increase your chances of landing an interview and ultimately, securing your dream job.

In today's competitive job market, it's essential to stay informed about new trends in cover letters and resumes, as well as embrace emerging application methods such as video resumes or online portfolios. By continually refining your application materials and staying current with industry best practices, you can ensure that your job applications remain effective and engaging for potential employers.

As you navigate the ever-evolving job search landscape, remember that understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes is key to your success. With a well-crafted cover letter and resume, you can showcase your unique qualifications and passion for the position, making a strong and lasting impression on hiring managers. We wish you the best of luck in your job search!

Resume builder

Cover Letter vs. Resume: What’s the Difference?

There are many steps to getting the perfect job — and creating a compelling job application is one of them. Having a well-written resume and an eye-catching cover letter can take a lot of stress and uncertainty out of the job-hunting process.

Today, we are looking into the differences between a resume and cover letter and exploring some of the key practices for making these documents the best they can be.

Table of Contents

Cover letter vs. resume: what’s the difference?

A resume and cover letter typically come hand in hand. You need both these documents to successfully apply for a job. So, what is the difference between a cover letter and a resume and what information should you include in each one?

A resume is a document that summarizes your professional experience as a job candidate. The word “resume” actually comes from the French “résumé” and means “summary”. It focuses on your qualifications (work experience, skills, accomplishments, etc.) and helps showcase your abilities to convince the hiring manager that you are the right person for the job.

A typical resume includes five main parts

• Contact details : this is where you list the best ways to get in touch with you. This section generally includes your full name and professional credentials, email and phone number and, possibly, a link to your professional social media or portfolio.
• Summary : here, you can focus on your knowledge and experience and include your most valued skills that are relevant to the position you are applying for.
• Professional experience : in this section, you will need to list your previously held positions: starting with your latest job.
•   Educational background : this part of your resume explains your academic qualifications: degrees, professional certificates, awards, etc.
• Additional information : here, you can include any other relevant information that doesn’t fit into the sections above. A lot of HR professionals suggest using this section for references, professional achievements and awards.

Resume example

Learn more about how to write a resume .

A cover letter is a document that you send together with your resume that aims to introduce you to the hiring manager and briefly summarize your most important skills and professional experience. A good cover letter will get the HR professional interested in the rest of your application and make you stand out among other applicants.

A typical cover letter is about one page long and includes the following sections

• Header : this is where you include your contact details including your full name and professional credentials, phone number and email and links to your professional special networks or portfolio (optional)
• Introduction : here, you should get the HR professional “hooked” and make them interested in you as a job candidate. Mention your most relevant qualifications and skills and explain (briefly) why you see yourself as the best candidate for the job.
• Main body : after a condensed introduction highlighting your key skills, you can get into a bit more detail about your expertise in the main body of the cover letter. Here, you can go on to mention that you are aware of all the responsibilities that come with the job and have the capacity to handle them excellently.
• Conclusion : a cover letter should generally end with a call to action. You can mention when you will be able to start the new job and say that you are waiting for feedback on your application. Don’t forget to thank the hiring manager for their time for reading your letter.

Cover letter example

Learn more about how to write a cover letter .

Is it OK to send a resume without a cover letter?

While a cover letter is often looked at as an optional addition to the resume, it’s not quite the case. In fact, most job ads these days require a cover letter — and a failure to include one will probably result in your application being rejected. Even if it’s not specifically stated in the job ad that a cover letter is needed, you should definitely include one with your application. Not having a cover letter is simply a missed opportunity as it gives you extra “space” to make your case that you are the best candidate for the job.

Do you put a resume or cover letter first?

Most employers will scan your resume first. They will do so to make sure you have the relevant skills and experience for the position you are applying for. This is especially true for fields that require a specific set of hard skills like IT and engineering. While they may look at your resume first, a cover letter can help them fill in the blanks and get a more comprehensive picture of who you are as a professional. It can also be what makes you stand out among other candidates and actually gets you the job.

Is the cover letter part of the resume?

As we’ve mentioned above, a cover letter is a one-page document that goes alongside your resume — not inside of it or instead of it. You shouldn’t insert your cover letter into your resume and it should always go as a separate document with its own title. A typical cover letter is 250 to 400 words long.

Do you still need a cover letter in 2023?

Yes, cover letters are still important. Even if the employer doesn’t open your cover letter, they will still appreciate it being attached to your application. A cover letter is a good way to highlight that you are really serious about the job you are applying for. And, as we’ve mentioned earlier, it gives you an extra opportunity for self-presentation.

Letter of interest vs. cover letter

Quite often, when you read about cover letters, you may also come across the term “letter of interest”. While these are sometimes used interchangeably, there are actually quite a few differences between the two.

A letter of interest is sent to a company and indicates that you are interested in working for them. It doesn’t have to be sent to an open job offer — in fact, there may actually be no open positions at the company at the time. A letter of interest, true to its name, expresses your interest in a company.

A cover letter, on the other hand, is typically sent out together with your resume in response to a specific job offer advertised by the company. It’s an essential part of your job application.

To learn more about cover letters and letters of interest, take a look at this article: Letter of Interest vs. Cover Letter: Difference, Tips and Examples .

Tips for writing your resume and cover letter

Here are a few quick tips for writing a good cover letter and resume.

Tips for writing a resume

• Use the keywords from the job ad. These days, a lot of companies use resume-filtering software before going through the applications by hand. To make sure your resume doesn’t get blocked by such programs, use the same key phrases that are used in the job description if they are in line with your expertise and background.
• Highlight key points. Hiring managers are generally very busy people that have to look at tens or even hundreds of resumes every day. Make their job easier by formatting your resume in a way that highlights your most relevant skills and experience.
• Be strategic. Think what information to include in your resume and make sure it’s relevant to the position you are applying for. It’s best to keep your resume as concise as possible and list work experience that best matches the expertise required for the new job.

Tips for writing a cover letter

• Customize your cover letter for the job you are applying for. One of the biggest mistakes you can make is making a “one-size-fits-all” cover letter and sending it out to all the companies you are applying to. What is the purpose of a cover letter? The main purpose of a cover letter is to make a positive impression on the hiring manager — and the only way to do that is by writing a letter that is targeted for the position you are applying for.
• Don’t be vague. Your cover letter is a document that needs to impress your potential employer. This means that it’s best not to use general phrases and instead focus on specifics. Include examples, achievements from your previous jobs, numbers and more.
• Keep it brief. A cover letter should be a one-page document and acts as a concentrated introduction of your best professional qualities. Make sure to only include the most important and relevant information. Read over your cover letter before you send it out and remove any non-essential text. 

Cover letter vs Resume. Summing things up

Both a resume and a cover letter are essential elements of a successful job application. A resume is a summary of your professional life, while a cover letter is an introduction of your skills and qualities that best match the position you are applying for.

Even if the job description doesn’t specifically mention that you need to include a cover letter with your application, it’s best to have one ready and send it out together with your resume. It will demonstrate to the employees the seriousness of your intent and give you the opportunity to explain why you are the best choice for this position.

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Find a Job You Really Want In

When applying for a new job, many employers require candidates to submit cover letters and resumes . These documents give you the opportunity to show off your personality, skills, qualifications, certifications, education, and experience. Your cover letter and resume are typically the first impressions an employer will get of who you are as a professional.

In order to submit a strong job application, you must understand how to write both a strong cover letter and a resume. Despite their similarities, the cover letter and resume serve two different purposes for candidates. In this article, we will discuss the difference between the two and what purpose each serves.

What Is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a document that outlines who you are as a candidate, what you desire in a job, and how your specific skills will benefit the job opening. It can provide additional professional information, including skills and qualifications, that inform the hiring manager as to why you are applying for the job in the first place.

For the most part, cover letters are an optional addition to your application. Using a cover letter is a great way to show how eager you are for the potential job opportunity and can show employers you are willing to exceed expectations. In certain circumstances, this can set you apart from your competition.

A cover letter should not be longer than a single page , typically anywhere from three to four paragraphs or 300 to 500 words. You should consider including the following:

Professional heading. The heading of your cover letter is the first thing your hiring manager will see. You should include your full name, home address, phone number, email address, and, if relevant, your LinkedIn or other relevant social media handles. You may also want to include a job title if it’s relevant to the application.

Salutation. Begin your letter with a professional salutation. If you know the name of the recipient, use a title like Mr. or Dr. If there is no specification as to who the hiring manager is, don’t try and guess. Instead, use “Dear Hiring Manager” or “To Whom it May Concern.”

Compelling introduction. Because this is the first thing the hiring manager will read, you’ll want to capture them with your opening sentence. Introduce yourself and identify the job you’re applying for. If you have relevant experience, include this in the first line or two, and make sure you articulate your enthusiasm about the position.

Reason for applying. Determine what caught your eye about the job posting. Was it the specific job position or the company culture? Do you have a passion for the product or service they offer or a deep interest or relevant experience in the industry they operate in? Whatever the case, include this in your cover letter.

What you offer and a strong closing. Be sure to talk yourself up in the cover letter. Include any impressive accomplishments and any relevant statistics that can entice the hiring manager to take a further look at your resume and include you as a candidate for consideration. Close on a strong note, with a professional closing.

The structure of a cover letter will differ significantly from a resume. A cover letter is exactly what it sounds like — a letter. Be sure to structure this like a formal letter, with an introduction, body paragraphs that include the information listed above, and a closing paragraph with a professional sign-off.

Depending on the type of job you’re applying for, a cover letter can also give you the opportunity to let your personality shine. Be sure to evaluate the company and job carefully to match the formality of the target company and industry. If you’re applying for a job that encourages personality and playfulness, try to incorporate it into your cover letter.

What Is a Resume?

A resume is a detailed list of your work experience, accomplishments, education, and skills. Within this document, job seekers lay out their duties and specific achievements for each role they’ve worked in a way that shows the potential employer that they added value to that team and company.

Resumes are written in a format that itemizes your employment history. It lists your contact information and experience information with all of your previous places of employment, including job titles, position descriptions, and dates of employment. The resume also includes an education section with relevant information such as secondary education or certifications.

Resumes are typically written in the third person and use concise language to articulate the candidate’s time at that company. Depending on the job at hand and the industry for which the individual is applying, it may also include certain relevant qualifications, certifications, or professional memberships.

It’s recommended to keep your resume to at most two pages in a neatly formatted view for easy scanning by the hiring manager. You should include the following:

Contact information. In the header of your resume, be sure to include all the information your hiring manager may need to contact you about the position. This can include your full name, address, email address, phone number, and any relevant social media handles.

Objective or career summary. This section can be altered to fit whatever job you’re applying for. It lists the qualities, skills, and accomplishments you most want to highlight so that the hiring manager can see them first.

Education. The education section lists the basics of your education history. Typically, this includes the name and location of your school, the highest egress you earned there, your major and minor (if applicable), as well as any other additional relevant information such as associations, memberships, or GPA scores.

Work experience. Typically the largest section of the resume, your work experience section lists your previous job titles or positions. Start with your most recent job and work backward by listing the job title, name of the company, location, dates of employment, and three to five bullet points of your accomplishments and job duties.

Skills section. Your resume skills section is the place to list any relevant skills you feel may be beneficial to the job at hand. You may want to include both hard and soft skills to show you have a variety of skills that can benefit any company in different ways.

Resumes are typically a requirement when you apply for work. Depending on your industry or job title, there may be different recommended resume formats that can help you stand out from the competition. Resumes are straight to the point and should have an objective and neutral tone when read by the hiring manager.

Cover Letter vs. Resume FAQ

Are cover letters or resumes more important?

Both cover letters and resumes are important, but the resume is typically the required document for a job application. However, both documents can help employers in determining whether or not you are the right fit for a job opening.

Do I need to submit a cover letter with a resume?

Although it’s not always required, it is highly recommended to include a cover letter with your resume. This can be the thing that sets you apart from your competition.

Do employers read a resume or cover letter first?

Employers will typically read a cover letter before they read a resume.

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Caitlin Mazur is a freelance writer at Zippia. Caitlin is passionate about helping Zippia’s readers land the jobs of their dreams by offering content that discusses job-seeking advice based on experience and extensive research. Caitlin holds a degree in English from Saint Joseph’s University in Philadelphia, PA.

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Cover Letter vs Resume: 7 Key Differences and the Art of Writing Them (+Examples)

• Nikoleta Kuhejda , 
• Updated November 10, 2023 7 min read

Here's an idea: the resume vs cover letter is a lot like salt vs pepper. Let me explain.

Your resume is like salt — it's a key ingredient required to prepare any dish. Or in this case, to score a job.

The cover letter, on the other hand, is like pepper — you use it to give your dish (your resume) a bit more flavor.

But in the end, salt and pepper work best when used together.  Because of that, it might seem a bit silly to compare the two. Let's do it anyway!

Let’s start with an infographic that shows the key differences between the two.  

What is a resume?

Resume is the most common career document that job seekers use. If you’re going to apply for a job, you'll be required to provide one.

In the simplest terms, the resume is  a concise summary of your education, work history, skills, credentials and achievements . It gives hiring managers a rough idea about who you are as a professional, what’s your work history and your key achievements.

It’s usually one page long and written in chronological order.

But in general, you have three options to choose from — besides chronological, there’s also functional or hybrid resume format . It’s up to you to figure out which one works the best for you.

What should a resume include?

• Contact information: Your resume should begin with your contact details. Add your full name, title, address (optional), email address and phone number. In some countries, it's also common to include birthdate, nationality and photo.
• Professional summary or resume objective : Describe yourself in three sentences. Open with your job title and highlight your key skills and qualifications.
• Work experience: The most important part of your resume. List relevant work history in reverse chronological order. Add 3-5 bullet points under each entry to describe your key achievements.
• Education: If you’re a seasoned professional, it’s enough for you to mention your highest degree and school name. If you’re a student or a fresh graduate, feel free to include more details like relevant coursework, grants, or extracurricular activities.
• Skills: Pick relevant skills and divide them into several subsections like computer skills, soft skills, languages, and others.
• Additional sections: Certifications, courses, awards, strengths, publications, conferences, hobbies, social media, references, etc. All of these are voluntary.

If you're not sure what to write in specific sections of your resume, you can just check our step-by-step resume guide .

But if you prefer watching videos to reading, you might also like this 5-minute video guide to writing the perfect resume. 

What is a cover letter?

Also something that you use to help you get a job… But!

Firstly, it's not always required.

Secondly, even if it is, it only provides additional information to your resume and should never repeat the same content.

I t allows you to explain other things that are impossible to express through the resume, such as :

• explanation why you’re applying for the position
• supporting evidence to why you’d make a good fit
• examples how you can be beneficial to the company
• details about employment gap or less work experience
• your personal story
• your motivation and ambitions

You normally attach it along with your resume and it serves as your introduction to a hiring manager. The ideal cover letter length is 3-4 paragraphs.

What should a cover letter include?

• Date and contact information: List your contact details such as full name, title, email, phone number, address (optional), and the date at the top of the page. Also, add company’s information such as name of the company, department and address.
• Headline: Use numbers, questions, or interesting adjectives. Something like "5 Ways I Can Help You Improve Your Company’s Marketing."
• Personalized greeting: Research the hiring manager's name online — LinkedIn is the perfect tool for this. If you fail to find it, use “ Dear Sir/Madam” .
• 1st Paragraph: Introduction: Use this space to introduce yourself in more detail and explain why this job is exciting to you.
• 2nd Paragraph: Why you’re a great fit: Write a short summary of your career and skills, and tailor it to fit the company's needs.
• 3rd Paragraph: Why the company is a great fit for you: Let them know why do they appeal to you. What excites you about working there? What do you want to learn?
• Closing paragraph: Finish strong and repeat why you’re a great fit (points 5 and 6). Also, explain how and when you’re going to contact them.
• Signature: Use a formal sign-off like " Yours faithfully" (US English) or " Yours sincerely"  (British English) + your full name.

Take the readers on an exciting journey, don't tell them what they already know! Just try to answer the basic questions: Why you? Why this company? Why this role? 

7 differences between the cover letter and resume

Type of document: When you’re applying for a job, you're normally asked to provide a resume. That’s a basic document hiring managers use to filter job candidates. On the other hand, cover letters, while often required, are sometimes optional. This depends on the requirements for the specific job.

Purpose: The purpose of your resume is to summarize your work history and qualifications. Whereas the main purpose of your cover letter is to sell those qualifications. It should introduce yourself to the hiring manager and show how your experience and skills make you a great match for the job.

Content: Your resume should contain key information about your work history and professional background. A cover letter should help the hiring manager to interpret that information. For instance, you may have an employment gap on your resume and in your cover letter, you can explain why.

Information:  Any resume is mostly about facts. In contrast, your cover letter should contain more subjective information, such as reasons for applying for that job, why you’re passionate about your industry or why you’d make a good fit. It’s a place where you can show a bit of your personality.

Format: A resume is divided into multiple sections like Work history , Education , Skills , etc. and should use bullet points under each section. On the other hand, a cover letter is written in a letter format and consists of 3-4 full paragraphs. It includes heading, salutation, introduction, body content, conclusion, and your signature.

Tone: Resumes have more professional and formal tone. In your cover letter, you can use a more conversational tone and give it a more personal touch. This goes hand in hand with the fact that resumes are rather objective and cover letters subjective.

Length: Your resume should be one page long. This of course, depends on where you are in your career. But your cover letter should never go past 3/4 of a page (no matter what your career level is).

Christy's word of advice

Even if the cover letter is not always read, it’s still considered a courtesy to include one, particular by smaller companies who are more likely to manually review each application. Some online applications only allow you to upload one document, so in that case you can either merge your cover letter and resume into one file, or just submit the resume (avoid merging both into one file otherwise, as they serve different purposes and are weighted differently by ATS). If the ad just asks for a resume, you can probably get away with no cover letter.

Christy Morgan, Resident HR Expert

How cover letter and resume complement each other

Although there are multiple differences between the two, they complement each other.

Simply put —  think of your resume as an outline for your cover letter story.

Along the similar lines, you can also think of your  cover letter  as a handbook to your resume. It allows you to translate raw data from your resume into an easy-to-read letter demonstrating your key skills and abilities. Ultimately, the purpose of your cover letter is to get your resume read.

They should also complement each other in the terms of design. Make sure your cover letter template matches the resume template you chose. It makes you look more professional. (For instance, Kickresume allows you to do that.)

In the end, both documents will give you a chance to deliver your “elevator pitch” and help you score a job interview.

Cover letter and resume examples

Let’s now take a look at how it should be done in practice. Below you can find a resume and cover letter example written by a real job seeker who scored a real job in a real company (it's all very real, true story). 

These examples can teach you a bit about content and style of your resume and cover letter. You can even use them as your first drafts to help you get started.

Marketing and Brand Manager at American Eagle Outfitters (Resume Example)

This resume sample was contributed by a real person who got hired with Kickresume’s help.

Marketing and Brand Manager at American Eagle Outfitters (Cover Letter Example)

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Cover Letter VS. Resume –What's The Difference?

What is a cover letter?

• Cover letters vs. resumes - what's the difference?

Now that you know

In today’s ultra-competitive job market, one major way to get employers’ attention is by building an exemplary resume and cover letter. You must learn how to craft each document without any disqualifying errors.

In this article, you will learn the difference between a cover letter and a resume. These include the differences between the two in:

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A cover letter (also known as a letter of motivation) is a document sent alongside your resume. It provides additional information that you did not or could not include in your resume and gives you the opportunity to show more of your credentials to employers.

Cover letters vs. resumes - what's the difference?

A cover letter is an additional document, first and foremost. Unlike a resume, it is often optional, though some applications require an attached cover letter. It is a letter in which you provide detailed descriptions of your skills and previous work experience and explain why they make you the perfect fit for the position.

A resume is a primary document you will send to potential employers. It is a one to two-page list of your previous work experience, skills, accomplishments, education, etc.

It is advisable to customize your resume and cover letter to fit the requirements of each specific job description: in short, no form letters.

Cover letters have a different format

Formatting a cover letter correctly is vital. It is not just a list but a letter to a potential employer, with greetings, an introductory paragraph, one to two body paragraphs, a conclusion, and a signature. It is typically only one page.

A resume’s format is narrower. Resumes are a concise record of your background and qualifications, containing only essential information. Its presentation and visual appeal are especially important. It is typically one to two pages.

the tone of voice is different

A cover letter is you directly addressing your future employer. Unlike in your resume, in which you are clinically listing off your background and qualifications, you can feel free to inject more of your personality into a cover letter.

This helps the employer get to know you as well as your skills before you ever meet face to face. Imagine you are speaking to them at your job interview already: be friendly and confident, but remain professional as well.

Cover letters complement your resume.

If you have constructed it correctly, a finished resume can technically be all you need to apply to a job. However, you want to show potential employers that you will go the extra mile for them and ensure that they know just how better suited you are to the position than your competition.

A cover letter expands on the most important information provided in your resume and strengthens it. If your resume already has a strong layout , it is a good outline for your cover letter.

The most important information to keep in mind is the purpose of each document. A resume is an essential document that concisely lists your background and qualifications. A cover letter is an additional document that complements your resume by providing detailed explanations of the most relevant parts of your resume.

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COVER LETTER VS RESUME

• cover-letter-vs-resume

by Kevin Philips · Updated Mar. 21, 2023

When applying for a job, it is crucial to understand the difference between a cover letter and a resume. A cover letter and a resume are important documents in the job application process, but they serve different purposes. While a cover letter introduces yourself to the hiring manager and explains why you are interested in the job, a resume summarizes your qualifications and experience. Both documents should be well-written and tailored to the job you are applying for.

By understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume, you can create a powerful job application that differentiates you from other applicants. Let's look at cover letter vs. resume , the differences between the two, and why both are important

What Is A Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a one-page document that accompanies a resume. Its purpose is to introduce the applicant to the potential employer and provide additional information about their qualifications and interest in the job. It is very important to know how to create a cover letter . A well-written cover letter can help the applicant stand out and make a positive first impression on the employer. It should be tailored to the job and highlight the applicant's relevant skills and experience. A typical cover letter includes the following:

• An opening paragraph introducing the applicant
• One or two middle paragraphs explaining why they are interested in the job and their qualifications
• A closing paragraph is thanking the employer for their time and interest in further discussion.

Cover Letter Writing is technical but it is your chance to make a great first impression and set yourself apart from other applicants.

What Is A Resume?

A resume is a document that summarizes your education, work experience, skills, and achievements. The purpose of a resume is to provide a concise overview of your qualifications and experience to a potential employer. It is very important to know how to make a resume for a job . A well-written resume should highlight an applicant's qualifications and experience clearly and concisely tailored to the job they are applying for. It should include relevant work experience, education, skills, achievements, and any other information demonstrating the applicant's ability to perform the job. A typical resume includes a header with the applicant's name and contact information, a summary or objective statement, sections detailing education and work experience, and other relevant sections such as skills or volunteer experience. A good resume can help applicants get noticed by potential employers and increase their chances of being invited for an interview.

Differences Between A Cover Letter And A Resume

While both a cover letter and a resume are important documents in the job application process, the two have several key differences. You can also check cover letter examples that win interview for more clarification. Let's understand cover letter vs. resume:

The main purpose of a cover letter is to introduce yourself and explain why you are interested in the job. A resume, on the other hand, is a summary of your qualifications and experience.

A cover letter is typically one page long, while a resume can be multiple pages depending on your experience and qualifications

A more personal cover letter focuses on your interest in the job and the company. It also highlights your skills and experience that make you a good fit for the position. On the other hand, a resume is a more formal document that summarizes your work experience, education, and skills.

A cover letter typically follows a specific structure, with an opening paragraph, one or two middle paragraphs, and a closing paragraph. On the other hand, a resume can be structured in various ways depending on your experience and the job you are applying for

Why are Both Important

A cover letter and a resume are important in the job application process. A well-written cover letter can help you stand out from other applicants and make a great first impression. It also lets you explain your interest in the job and highlight your qualifications. A well-written resume, on the other hand, provides a concise summary of your qualifications and experience, which can help you land an interview. If you didnt know about the differences, its time for resume editing to make it more compelling

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A cover letter and a resume are important documents in the job application process. If you know the difference, you can take your career to another level. There is nothing to worry about if you find it difficult to differentiate the both.

Our professional and cheap resume writing services can help you craft a standout resume and cover letter. Look no further! Our team of experienced writers can help you create a personalized and effective job application package that showcases your skills and experience. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help you land your dream job!

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• What Is The Purpose Of A Cover Letter?
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Cover Letter vs Resume – What’s The Difference?

Ever wondered what the difference is with a cover letter vs resume? If you are on the lookout for a new job, then you need to be aware of both, and the true functions of each. Although both a resume and cover letter should outline your experience, skills, and professional qualifications--they should do so differently. In this article, we will discuss exactly what the difference is, and what to focus on in the cover letter vs resume debate.

The major difference of a cover letter vs resume

Cover Letter

This gives a brief introduction to who you are, the position you are applying for, and why you would be a good fit for that specific role. It should contain between 3 and 4 paragraphs and be written in a more subjective and friendly tone while still projecting an air of professionalism.

This is a detailed overview of your work history, including your career experience, hard and soft skills, education, and other relevant information, such as your prowess in languages , if appropriate, or your technical skills. If you have any recent awards and honors , add them in their own separate section as well.

In essence, your resume should explain how you are qualified for the job, while your cover letter is more of an introduction, and should be written so effectively that it encourages the hiring manager to look into your resume in more detail.

For more detail on what a good cover letter looks like , dip into this recently updated article for further hints and tips.

 Another major difference between a cover letter vs resume is the formatting .

A cover letter is written in paragraphs and takes on a more subjective and conversational tone.

On the other hand, a resume should contain numerous sections and be filled with bullet points rather than paragraphs , as the bulleted areas will stand out more and be easier to read and digest.

What is included in a cover letter vs a resume

There is certain information that is included on a resume, but should not be in a cover letter. Let’s take a look at what those are.

A resume summary

Your resume should include a well-written professional summary that brings attention to your major skills, qualifications, and achievements. It also gives an overall view of you as a professional, and is normally between 4 and 5 sentences long, in paragraph style.

For example:

A proactive, reliable and personable Childcare Assistant with a wealth of transferable talents acquired during recent academic achievements and an impeccable career in childcare. Applies exceptional listening and communication skills to all tasks. Thrives with minimal supervision combined with the ability to flourish in stressful situations. Strives to deliver a positive working environment for colleagues while paying close attention to detail.

Core competencies and skills

You should list relevant core competencies and skills on your resume that relate to the role you are after. There is no need to list out all your competencies and skills on a cover letter, though it’s worth drawing attention to the major ones throughout the letter.

A detailed work history

A resume should contain a relevant and detailed work experience section. Remember to mention specific accomplishments throughout the resume, rather than just listing job duties and responsibilities. There could be hundreds of other candidates gunning for the role, so you need to stand apart, showing the hiring manager why you are the best fit and should be the one called for an interview. This is best done through showing quantifiable achievements, and how you went above and beyond expectations.

You can mention one or two major achievements within your cover letter, written in a different way, but save the specific details for your resume.

For example, on a cover letter, you could mention how you increased sales by X in a snappy bullet point, but your resume should go into more detail about how you managed that.

The education section

Your resume should contain a detailed education section , the space where you list degrees, the schools you attended, and the dates–as long as they are within the last 10 years. You could briefly mention your degree and school on a cover letter, but only if you are a recent graduate or your degree is more relevant to the role than your career experience. This might be because you are wanting to change careers and have just completed a relevant course.

5 tips to keep in mind when writing a cover letter vs resume

1. keep your cover letter short.

Your cover letter should be 3 to 4 paragraphs long and never dribble over onto a second page. Again, save the juicy details for your resume by keeping your cover letter short, concise, and relevant, but tempting enough for a prospective employer to reach for your resume. Think of the cover letter like a starter, getting the juices flowing for the main course.

2. Avoid being repetitive

Steer clear of the trap of regurgitating your resume word for word onto the cover letter. No one wants to read the same thing twice, especially a busy recruiter! Adopt a more conversational tone, and mix it up a bit. Your cover letter is telling the potential employer or hiring manager who you are, how you’re qualified, and why you are the best fit. Save specific details for your resume, but re-word some special highlights to incorporate into the cover letter.

3. Make a good impression

The cover letter may be the first impression an employer or hiring manager has of you. So make it an impressive one! Make sure you utilize captivating language and use a friendly tone. Mention the position you’re applying to, how you’re qualified, major achievements from previous positions, and a call to action. The call to action in this situation would be an invitation for an interview.

4. Be subjective

The cover letter can contain more subjective information than a resume. While a well-written resume is hampered by a specific style and includes particular elements, you can mention certain things on a cover letter that you simply cannot on a resume. You could elaborate on how you found the position, why you are so passionate about that position or particular industry, and a deeper explanation of why you would make a good fit for the role and within the company culture.

5. Show your worth

While a resume gives an overview of your skills and achievements, a cover letter can dig deeper by showing how you will contribute to and fit into the organization. Demonstrating how your goals dovetail with the organization’s ethos and mission statement illustrates that you have done some background research and will certainly go in your favor towards securing an interview.

Overview of a cover letter vs resume

The cover letter is a good way to add a more human touch to your job application, as it allows you to tell a short story of why you deserve the job. A resume, on the other hand, is a more detailed document, directly outlining your experience, skills, and any other relevant information. Most job adverts will require a cover letter, so pay as much attention to this document as you do to your resume. Remember, first impressions count!

The best of luck with your ongoing job search.

If you are still not sure about the cover letter vs resume debate, then let the professionals at ZipJob handle it for you. It is easy with the free resume review because all you need to do is feed your resume into the system, and you will receive an honest and forthright explanation of how you can improve the document. ZipJob writers also draft the perfect cover letter as well!

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Cover Letter vs Resume: What Can Cover Letter Explain That Resume Can’t?

Cover Letters Tell the Story Behind the Facts on Your Resume

Cover letters add value to your application by enabling you to elaborate on relevant experiences, build a case for why you are a top candidate, tailor your application to a specific role, explain extenuating circumstances, and let employers know why you want to work for their organization.

While cover letters are often considered to be optional, they are a great way to demonstrate that you are seriously interested in the position you are applying for. They instantly set you apart from candidates who didn’t include one, increasing your chances of landing an interview.

If you want to put your best foot forward, consider using the cover letter to achieve the goals outlined below.

Cover Letters Allow You to Elaborate on Relevant Experiences

Recruiters ultimately want to understand that you possess the experience required to succeed in the role you are applying for.

If you have worked on a specific project or consulting engagement that is particularly relevant to a given role, for example, a cover letter gives you additional space to discuss it in more detail.

Don’t assume that recruiters will connect the dots, either - seek to make their job easier!

When elaborating on specific experiences, make direct connections for recruiters by explaining why they are relevant to your target role and how they will contribute to your success.

This approach will also show that you put thought into your decision to apply and didn’t just submit a generic cover letter on a whim.

Cover Letters Help Build a Case for Why You Are a Top Candidate

If you do not have direct experience in a similar role, use your cover letter to address transferable skills and professional development that will enable you to hit the ground running.

For example, a candidate who is seeking to transition from a sales role to a finance role that requires financial modeling experience might consider taking an online course on financial modeling in Excel to build their skills in the area.

In the cover letter, the candidate could elaborate on the specific models they learned how to build, the scope of the topics covered in the course, and how these are directly relevant to the role they are applying for.

By adopting a similar approach, you will show recruiters that you have taken steps to prepare for a career transition and are taking the move seriously.

Cover Letters Help Tailor Your Application to a Specific Role

Because a resume is a fact-based outline of your experience and achievements, many applicants use one base version for all of their applications and leverage the cover letter to tailor their applications to specific roles.

To do so, we recommend reading through each job description in detail and highlighting the core skills recruiters are looking for. Then, reflect on your experience and identify examples of how you applied the given skills throughout your career.

By sharing additional examples that are directly applicable to your target role, you will also strengthen your candidacy.

Cover Letters Can Explain Extenuating Circumstances

You can use a cover letter to address red flags such as employment gaps, non-linear career paths, job hopping, and visa and relocation matters.

If you are concerned that a particular element of your story could raise concern and potentially cause recruiters to pass on your application, explain it!

You don’t need to go into extensive detail on why you had to take a year off work, for instance. A brief explanation such as the following can be sufficient, putting recruiters’ concerns to rest:

“Last year, I took 12 months off work due to a family medical issue that has now been resolved. I am now excited to re-enter the workforce and continue leveraging my skills in a finance director role.”

Employers tend to be much more understanding than you might expect – especially in a post-pandemic work environment.

Even a line about how you spent 6 months traveling the world on your cover letter could turn out to be a great conversation starter during an interview!

Cover Letters Tell Employers Why You Want to Work for Them

One of the most effective things you can do on your cover letter is to provide a compelling explanation of why you are interested in working for a specific organization:

• Is there something about the company’s culture or product offering that draws you in?
• Have you a recent news article about the organization that you found particularly impressive?
• If you are interested in building a long-term career in their sector, why?
• Did one of your connections at the company suggest that you apply?

So many candidates send out generic cover letters – and many even forget to change the employer’s name!

By demonstrating that you took time to do your research and aren’t just haphazardly sending out your resume to numerous openings, you’ll increase your chances of securing an interview.

In our view, cover letters are non-negotiable when you are applying for positions that you are seriously interested in (assuming the target company allows you to submit one).

Although you do risk that a recruiter might skip over it altogether, it never hurts to put your best foot forward – and a single line in your cover letter might just be the thing that convinces a recruiter to take a chance on you!

Additional Reading

• How to Write a Cover Letter
• How to Tailor Your Resume for a Specific Role
• How to Select a Top Executive Resume Writer

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As a professional services firm, we take your reputation seriously. We are committed to delivering writing excellence and superior service while operating with integrity and discretion. Recruitment firms we partner with also trust us to consistently deliver quality documents for their clients.

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About the Author Matt Glodz

Matt Glodz is the Founder and Managing Partner of Resume Pilots and a Certified Professional Resume Writer. After studying business communication at Cornell University, Matt worked within Fortune 500 companies, where he noted that qualified candidates were frequently denied interview opportunities due to poorly written documents. At Resume Pilots, Matt combines his business and writing background - which includes prior work for a Chicago Tribune publication - to craft resumes that give his clients the best chance of landing interviews. He works with clients ranging from CEOs to recent graduates and has been writing resumes for over 10 years. He has been quoted on numerous business and career-related topics in outlets including Business Insider, CNBC, Fortune, Glassdoor, The Ladders, and Thrive Global.

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Resume vs Cover Letter: How and When to Use Each

By Katie Duncan Posted on January 8, 2024

Batman has Robin. Mario has Luigi. Simon has Garfunkel. 

And resumes? They have cover letters.

They may not have the star power of the other duos on our list, but they do go hand in hand to create a strong job application. And, like every famous pair, they share this common goal despite bringing different things to the table. 

We’re here to break down resumes and cover letters— how they’re the same, how they’re different, and how you can use each one to land the job you want.

Resume vs cover letter: How they are the same

Though they are different in many ways, resumes and cover letters have several similarities worth noting:

• They should both be catered to the job you’re applying for. 
• Both should be no more than one page, unless otherwise stated by an employer or you’re applying for a job in a field where more detailed applications are commonplace.

Perhaps most of all, they share a common overarching goal: Help you secure an interview by demonstrating your suitability for a job.

RELATED: Letter of Introduction vs. Cover Letter: What’s the Difference

Resume vs cover letter: The big differences

That said, resumes and cover letters are not substitutes for one another. Though they share a common goal, they each have different purposes, unique content, and different formats.

A resume provides a concise and structured summary of your qualifications and skills to help prospective employers assess your suitability for a job.

A cover letter provides more context to your resume. It can be used to introduce yourself, express your interest in a specific job or company, highlight how your experiences align with the job requirements, and more.

Resumes are focused on past and present experiences.They typically contain:

• Contact info
• Professional work experience
• Achievements
• Certifications

Cover letters, on the other hand, may contain a combination of the following:

• Introduction of who you are
• Explanation of why you’re interested in the position
• Highlight of key experiences and how they connect to the job requirements
• Notes about any gaps or possible concerns with your resume
• Enthusiasm for the role
• Aspirations for your career journey

Cover letters are focused more on how your past experiences have prepared you for your future— both at the company you’re applying for and your career as a whole.

Resumes are structured and concise. They use bullet points for clarity and rarely, if ever, contain paragraphs. Recruiters spend an average of six to seven seconds looking at a resume, so you want to give them the major points that showcase why you’re qualified for the job in an easy-to-digest format. 

Cover letters are narrative and personal. This is the time to let your personality shine through with paragraphs that contain more details and anecdotes. A cover letter typically contains an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. 

When to use a resume vs cover letter

A resume will almost always be required when applying for a job. 

Cover letters will not always be required. Sometimes they will be optional. Other times, employers may not want you to submit one at all. 

How to cater a resume to a job application

Catering your resume to a job application is a crucial step in the job search process. Here are some tips to help you tailor your resume effectively:

• Analyze the job description : Carefully read the job listing and take note of key skills, responsibilities, and qualifications to understand what the employer is looking for.
• Match your skills and experiences : Align your resume with the job description by touching on your relevant experiences and skills in the resume. For instance, if the job requires leadership skills, be sure to showcase your leadership experiences.
• Use keywords : Incorporate industry-specific keywords and buzzwords from the job description. This is especially important for resumes that will be scanned by Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS).
• Prioritize relevant experience : Go into more detail for job experiences that are more relevant to the job you’re applying for. 
• Showcase transferable skills : If you are changing industries or roles, emphasize transferable skills that can be beneficial in the new position.
• Keep it concise and relevant : Avoid including experiences or skills that are not relevant to the job. A concise, tailored resume is more effective than a lengthy, generic one.

Remember, the goal of tailoring your resume is to make it as relevant as possible to the job you are applying for. While extraneous skills and experiences can help your case and show that you’re well-rounded, employers are really looking for what will help you succeed in that particular role.

How to cater a cover letter to a job application

Catering your cover letter to a specific job application is as crucial as tailoring your resume. 

While the resume focuses on your qualifications and past experiences, the cover letter is your opportunity to make a more personal connection with the employer and further highlight why you’re a great fit for the job. 

Here are some strategies to cater a cover letter to a company:

• Research the company : Understand the company’s values, culture, and recent developments. Use this information to demonstrate how your background and interests align with the company’s ethos. You can also mention a recent company achievement or a specific aspect of the company’s culture or mission that resonates with you.
• Address the letter specifically : Whenever possible, address the letter to a specific person, such as the hiring manager. Avoid generic salutations like “To Whom It May Concern” if you know names.
• Start strong: Open your cover letter with a compelling statement that grabs the reader’s attention. For instance, you might start by explaining why you are particularly excited about the job or the company.
• Relate your experience to the job description : Use the job description as a guide. Discuss specific experiences or skills that directly relate to the key responsibilities and qualifications listed.
• Tell a story : Unlike the resume, a cover letter gives you space to tell a story. Share a brief anecdote that demonstrates how you’ve successfully applied relevant skills or how you’ve overcome challenges similar to what you might face in the new role.
• Explain any gaps or transitions : If there are gaps in your resume or you’re making a career transition, the cover letter is a good place to briefly explain these.
• Highlight soft skills: Emphasize soft skills that are critical to the job but harder to convey on a resume.

A cover letter is your chance to make a memorable first impression and to provide context for your application. A well-crafted cover letter that speaks directly to the needs of the employer can significantly boost your chances of landing an interview.

Use your resume and cover letter to your advantage

Together, a resume and cover letter can be used to tell the complete story of your experience, skills, and ambitions. Your resume provides a concise look at your experience, while your cover letter fills in the gaps and adds a personal touch to your application. Always be sure to tailor both documents to the job that you’re applying for to show hiring managers that you’re the best fit for the job.

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Cover Letter vs Resume

Still hesitating between a resume and a cover letter? Arm yourself with both! This article will show how to use these application documents to your advantage.

Nowadays, most candidates are aware that a well-written resume is a must for a successful job hunt. But what about a cover letter?

According to the Society For Human Resource Management statistics, a missing cover letter is a faux pas for at least 20% of organizations (government agencies value cover letters more than private-sector companies though).

However, candidates are at times perplexed as to the purpose of a cover letter. If their resumes are detailed and well-written, what should they put in a cover letter? Should they simply reword the same information?

Indeed, at first sight, both documents seem to share similar traits and mention similar information. But they differ in purpose and mechanics.

Definition of Resume and Cover Letter

A resume is a formal document that showcases your professional experience and skills in a concise form, following a certain structure. It usually lists your education, qualifications, and key achievements, supplemented by occasional and optional details such as personal information, hobbies, etc.

A cover letter is a semi-formal addendum that usually introduces your resume in the body of an email. It informs the employer/recruiter that you are a good fit for a vacancy and prompts them to read your resume.

Difference Between Cover Letter and Resume

How to prepare a resume and cover letter.

Writing a resume and cover letter does involve some of the same information and writing skills.

• Include your personal details. Make sure you add your name, email address, and phone number on both documents;
• Avoid using “Dear Sir or Madam” or “To Whom It May Concern.” Many recruiters will not read past such a generic greeting. Make an effort and find the name of the person in charge of recruiting;
• Peruse the job description. Your resumes should be tailored according to the employer’s job description. For a cover letter, cherry-pick the information to perfectly match your interest and experience to the job description;
• Answer “Why are you the best fit for a position?” This is the main aim of both documents. You should clearly communicate your desire to get the job and the fact that you have the necessa ry qualifica tions.

How to Write a Cover Letter and Resume

If you want to get a better understanding of how to make a good resume and cover letter, check out sample cover letters and resumes.

If you don’t feel confident in your writing skills or you simply want to save some time, you can find dozens of templates to use or you can order professionally written application documents from online builders.

Frequent Questions

Career experts respond to the most common question about the peculiarities of creating and sending cover letters and resumes.

Should I send a cover letter or resume?

You should send both. Even if a cover letter is not mentioned in the list of required application documents, send it just to be on the safe side.

Do you send a cover letter and resume separately?

Absolutely not. The point of sending a cover letter is to signal to the recruiter that you are a viable candidate and your resume is worth their attention. If your cover letter succeeds in this endeavor yet there is no resume attached, your efforts are in vain. If you send a resume sans a cover letter, the odds are that the former will not be read without the latter.

What goes first, the cover letter or resume?

This question is relevant if you are attaching both documents as two files to an email. A sure-fire tactic is to attach the resume as a pdf-file and copy-paste a cover letter into the body of an email. Then the recruiter is sure to see both of your documents.

What to put in a cover letter for my resume?

A cover letter has to complement your resume. So there is no sense in repeating the same information twice. Use the cover letter to reinforce to the recruiter that you fit the job. If the job requirements specify work experience in years, mention the number of years you have in this field. Next, show you have the skills needed. Finally, briefly mention how you want to work for them. Avoid using fluff and beefing your copy up with irrelevant information.

Mistakes in Cover Letters

Let’s take a look at the most typical mistakes made by applicants when writing cover letters.

Limit it to one page. Whether the body of your copy is made of three sentences or three paragraphs, it should contain information about three things: 1) why you are applying and want to work at this particular company; 2) why or how you meet the job requirements; 3) a call to action (contact me by…, I will contact you on…, etc.).

If you have a referral, mention your personal/professional connection and the type of role you are pursuing in the second paragraph.

Avoid saying obvious things. For example, you are advised against starting your document with “I am writing to apply for [job] at [company].” It makes the applicant look lazy and is an indication of lack of imagination or empathy. Both are bad signs for you as a candidate.

Recruiters get tons of boring and almost identical emails, so your task is to stand out. For example, start with a statement of your achievements: “In my two years at Mazda Ltd, I doubled our annual sales.” After such an introduction, a recruiter is more likely to become interested in reading your application. A cover letter is not as formal as a resume, so you can afford to add some personality into it.

If you think that it is enough to toss a list of skills and qualifications at the recruiter right in your first email, you are very wrong. Like any other individual, recruiters are excited by a fresh approach and non-trivial descriptions. Your cover letter can be short, but the word choices need to hit the recruiter right in the heart, piquing their interest to keep reading and eventually invite you to a job interview. And that’s the end goal, right?

It is a good idea to write detailed descriptions so that the recruiter can visualize how great you are at problem solving and the other skills and duties you are referring to. For example, you could write: “If I’m in the middle of a Skype call or a conference and there is an IT problem, I would try to check the wires and plugs while we are all waiting for the IT staff to fix it, rather than sitting idly.” Now, the recruiter immediately grasps your great problem-solving skills and quick reaction.

Be Attentive

Always make sure you follow all the prospective employer’s requirements. Check out whether you included all the documents required. In addition to a typical set of documents, employers may require letters of recommendation and certificates.

Additionally, see if a CV is required instead of a resume. Although you may never need both a CV and resume, it is always better to know the difference between the two. A CV is a longer and more detailed version of a resume. However, in Europe resume and CV are often considered as synonyms.

And remember, cover letters are never abbreviated. If a CV is required, it stands for Curriculum Vitae . It is not an abbreviation for a cover letter.

Adjust the Tone

A resume is a fully fledged, formal document where you have little room to manoeuvre. It follows a certain structure and has specific rules - don’t include pronouns, use short sentences, pack it with information.

In contrast, a cover letter is a semi-formal document in which you stick to the rules of writing a letter - address the recruiter, add a closing, remember to add your name and contacts, etc. In a cover letter, you have more flexibility and can, for example, explain gaps and inconsistencies in your resume. A cover letter allows a conversational tone as if you are talking to … no, not a friend - a mentor!

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Cover Letter vs Resume: Difference and Comparison

A cover letter is a personalized document that introduces you to a potential employer, highlighting your qualifications, experiences, and why you’re interested in the position. It serves as a narrative complement to your resume, allowing you to delve deeper into specific achievements and career aspirations. The resume, on the other hand, is a concise summary of your education, work history, skills, and achievements, providing a comprehensive overview of your professional background and qualifications in a structured format.

Key Takeaways Cover letters are introductory documents highlighting an applicant’s interest in a position; resumes summarize work experience, education, and skills. Cover letters allow for personalization and tailored messaging for a specific role; resumes provide a broader overview of an applicant’s qualifications. Cover letters should be customized for each application; resumes can remain consistent across multiple job applications.

Cover Letter vs Resume

The difference between Cover Letter and Resume is that a Cover Letter is a kind of introduction or greeting before your actual resume appears and is an optional document unless specified. In contrast, resumes are the most important documents required for applying for a job, and it is not at all optional.

Cover Letters briefly introduce who you are and the position you want to apply to and gives a good reason why you think you are fit for the post.

While a resume is a detailed document which shows your complete work experience, education, skills, and other essential details required for the post.

Cover Letters are written in three-four paragraphs and are more subjective and friendly in tone.

While Resumes contain multiple headings and bullet points instead of paragraphs.

Comparison Table

What is cover letter, introduction to cover letters.

A cover letter is a formal document submitted alongside a resume when applying for a job or internship. It serves as an introduction, providing context and highlighting key aspects of the applicant’s qualifications and experiences. Unlike a resume, which focuses on summarizing one’s professional history, a cover letter offers the opportunity to personalize the application and demonstrate a deeper understanding of the position and company.

Purpose and Importance

A cover letter plays a crucial role in the job application process by allowing candidates to express their interest in a particular position and demonstrate how their skills and experiences align with the requirements of the role. It serves as a platform for applicants to showcase their personality, communication skills, and enthusiasm for the opportunity. Additionally, a well-crafted cover letter can help candidates stand out from the competition and make a positive impression on hiring managers.

Key Components

• Introduction : The opening paragraph of a cover letter should include a brief introduction of the applicant, stating the position they are applying for and how they learned about the opportunity. It sets the tone for the rest of the letter and grabs the reader’s attention.
• Body : The body of the cover letter provides an opportunity for applicants to highlight their relevant skills, experiences, and achievements. This section should be tailored to the specific job requirements and company culture, demonstrating a clear understanding of what the employer is looking for in a candidate.
• Closing : The closing paragraph should reiterate the applicant’s interest in the position and express gratitude for the opportunity to apply. It’s also an opportunity to suggest next steps, such as scheduling an interview or providing additional materials. A polite and professional closing sign-off completes the cover letter.

What is Resume?

Introduction to resumes.

A resume is a formal document that provides a concise summary of an individual’s education, work experience, skills, achievements, and qualifications. It serves as a snapshot of the candidate’s professional background and is typically submitted when applying for employment opportunities. Resumes are tailored to specific job roles and serve as a crucial tool for recruiters and hiring managers to assess a candidate’s suitability for a position.

The primary purpose of a resume is to showcase an individual’s qualifications and experiences relevant to a particular job opening. It acts as a marketing tool, highlighting the candidate’s strengths and accomplishments in a clear and structured format. A well-crafted resume not only provides recruiters with essential information about the candidate’s background but also helps them quickly evaluate whether the candidate meets the requirements of the position.

• Contact Information : The top section of a resume includes the candidate’s name, contact information (such as phone number, email address, and mailing address), and optionally, a professional summary or objective statement.
• Professional Experience : This section lists the candidate’s work history in reverse chronological order, starting with the most recent position held. Each entry typically includes the job title, company name, location, dates of employment, and a brief description of responsibilities and accomplishments.
• Education : The education section highlights the candidate’s academic background, including degrees earned, institutions attended, graduation dates, and any relevant certifications or coursework.
• Skills : A skills section outlines the candidate’s technical and soft skills relevant to the job, such as language proficiency, computer software proficiency, project management skills, etc.
• Achievements and Awards : This optional section allows candidates to showcase any notable achievements, awards, or recognition received throughout their career, demonstrating their capabilities and contributions.

Main Differences Between Cover Letter and Resume

• Cover Letter: Introduces the applicant, expresses interest in the position, and provides context for the application.
• Resume: Summarizes the applicant’s education, work history, skills, and achievements in a structured format.
• Cover Letter: Personalized narrative highlighting specific experiences, qualifications, and motivations relevant to the job.
• Resume: Concise summary of educational background, work experience, skills, and accomplishments, typically in reverse chronological order.
• Cover Letter: Typically one page in length, written in paragraph form with a formal tone.
• Resume: Can vary in length but is generally limited to one or two pages, organized into sections with bullet points for clarity and brevity.
• Cover Letter: Tailored to each job application, addressing specific job requirements and company culture.
• Resume: May be customized to emphasize relevant skills and experiences for different job opportunities, but the overall format remains consistent.
• Cover Letter: Provides context and a personal touch to the application, helping the applicant stand out and demonstrating their enthusiasm for the position.
• Resume: Serves as a comprehensive summary of the applicant’s qualifications and experiences, allowing recruiters to quickly evaluate their suitability for the job.

• https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA17198638&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=07497075&p=AONE&sw=w
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207534/
• https://www.jstor.org/stable/43095873 https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/Bulletin/2004/summer04_credit.pdf

Last Updated : 07 March, 2024

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Emma Smith holds an MA degree in English from Irvine Valley College. She has been a Journalist since 2002, writing articles on the English language, Sports, and Law. Read more about me on her bio page .

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21 thoughts on “cover letter vs resume: difference and comparison”.

The article’s explanation of the difference between cover letters and resumes is misleading. It presents subjective information as fact, which can be misleading for job applicants.

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What’s the Difference Between a Motivation Letter and a Cover Letter

If you’re thinking about applying to college or a new job and want to quickly show how motivated you are, you might looking for the best way to get that done. 

Don’t worry, that’s normal, but you need a solution. 

After all, when planning to apply for something, it’s essential to make a great first impression . 

That’s why many applicants send in a cover letter or a motivation letter . 

However, you might be wondering if there’s any difference at all between a motivation and a cover letter, and which one is better for the job you want to land ?

In this article, we’ll explain:

• Cover letter and motivation letter differences
• Benefits of each type of letter
• When to use one letter or the other

Once you understand which is best to include with your application, use our AI-powered resume builder to easily win over employers. 

Keep reading to find out the best way to show off your career goals to employers.

Motivation vs. Cover Letter: Key Differences

Employers want to find and hire applicants who are highly motivated as it leads to a number of benefits for the company such as guaranteeing a great company culture and keeping the employee long term.

However, choosing between a cover letter or writing a motivation letter will depend on the type of program or company .

That’s because each letter focuses on different aspects of your qualifications and experience.

Take a look at the differences between the 2 types of letters :

Motivation Letter

• Centers on personal goals and passion for the field and is more personal and reflective, while discussing long-term aspirations.

Cover Letter

• Highlights professional skills and job suitability and is used for professional positions as it showcases relevant achievements and qualifications.

By picking the letter that best fits the position you want , you’ll guarantee that the hiring manager notices your best qualifications and goals. 

Cover Letter vs. Motivation Letter: When to Use Them

There are a number of unique motivation letter and cover letter differences and strengths. 

This means it’s critical to understand when to use those strengths , or you’ll end up explaining information that isn’t important. 

For example, when applying for college or graduate school programs , you should use a motivation letter as it will help you show your passion for your field of study. 

Here are other examples of when to use a motivational letter:

• Scholarship applications . Share how the scholarship will help you achieve your educational and career goals.
• Internships : Explain how you want to learn from experienced employees, especially in fields where your academic knowledge is essential.
• Volunteer positions : Mention your commitment and reasons for volunteering to an NGO or other organization that you would like to work with.

When to Write a Cover Letter

Cover letters focus more on your professional qualifications , so they should be used when sending your application to a company or business. 

Here are some specific examples: 

• When applying to a job : Use your cover letter to connect your experience and skills to the job’s requirements.
• Changing careers : Explain how your existing skills can transfer to the new role in your cover letter.

Even if it’s optional to send in a cover letter with your application, you should do so anyway.  

It’s been proven that cover letters help candidates when applying for a position. 

Between 2017 and 2021, there has been an 18% growth in the importance of including a cover letter with an application. 

Cover Letter and Motivation Letter Differences in Format

Both cover letters and motivation letters differ a bit when it comes to their format. One is a bit longer, while the other is a bit more formal. 

However, each letter will have an intro, body, and conclusion . 

Cover letter format

If you’re writing a cover letter, you’ll want to keep it to 1 page and keep the vocabulary formal. 

Your cover letter should cover the following in the different sections:

• Introduction : Briefly mention your current role or recent job and the position you’re applying for.
• Body : Mention your skills and achievements relevant to the job. Use examples to demonstrate your achievements and how they apply to the new role.
• Conclusion : Restate your interest in the position and invite the employer to review your resume or contact you for further discussion.

Here’s an example of a well written cover letter that mentions a candidate’s skills, accomplishments and more , so that you can better understand the format and style:

Dear [Employer’s Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the Accountant position listed on [Where You Found the Job Posting]. With a strong background in accounting principles and a commitment to accuracy and detail, I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to [Company Name].

In my current role at [Your Current Company], I have successfully managed a diverse range of accounting tasks, including ledger operations, financial reporting, and budgeting. 

I am particularly proud of leading a project that streamlined our budgeting process, resulting in a 20% reduction in processing time.

I am eager to bring my expertise in financial management and my proactive approach to problem-solving to your team. 

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experience align with the needs of your team. I am available at your convenience for an interview and can be reached at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email].

[Your Name]

Motivation Letter Format

A motivation letter on the other hand can be a bit longer and more related to personal goals rather than professional ones. 

Here’s what the different sections should go over:

• Introduction : Start with a personal statement or story that reflects your passion for the field or program.
• Body : Discuss your personal journey, long-term goals, and why the program or opportunity excites you. Include relevant personal achievements as well.
• Conclusion : Summarize your ambitions and how the opportunity aligns with your goals, expressing your desire to contribute and learn.

Here’s how your motivation letter can be formatted to show you are the best candidate for an internship position .

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am writing to express my enthusiasm for the [Specific Internship Position] at [Company/Organization Name]. My academic background in [Your Major/Field of Study] and my active involvement in [relevant clubs or activities] have fueled my interest in [specific aspect of the field or industry], making this internship an ideal opportunity for my professional growth.

During my studies at [Your University/College], I have developed [mention specific skills or knowledge relevant to the internship], which I am eager to apply in a practical setting

I am particularly attracted to this internship at [Company/Organization Name] because of your commitment to [mention something notable about the company or its values]. The chance to learn from and contribute to your team, especially in [mention a specific area or project of the company], is an exciting prospect for me.

Thank you for considering my application. I am looking forward to the opportunity to discuss how my background and enthusiasm make me a great fit for this internship.

When you write a cover letter or motivation letter, you’ll need to ensure your relevant qualifications and long-term goals shine . 

You can do that if you remember the following:

• Motivation letters should be written for internships, organizations, and academic programs.
• Cover letters are more professional and should accompany a job application.
• Motivation letters are a bit more personal. 

By using our handy cover letter builder , you can easily create a letter that will prove you are motivated and ready to take on your next challenge. 

Trouble getting your Cover Letter started?

Beat the blank page with expert help.

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How To Write a Cover Letter With Examples

Cover letters can help differentiate you from other job applicants and be the determining factor of landing your dream job. By taking the time to craft a custom cover letter, a single sheet of paper can help communicate all the human elements that a resume may fall short of capturing about yourself. 

But what do employers and recruiters have to say about how to write a cover letter? What are the best tips they have to offer for graduate students who are writing a cover letter?

We asked 11 employers for their best cover letter tips. Here is what they had to share.

Let it Set the Stage

In many ways, cover letters should provide background information and context to your resume, while simultaneously addressing how that resume addresses the specific requirements of the job opportunity. The cover letter is your opportunity to "set the stage" and to convince the hiring manager why your specific set of skills, experiences and interests will provide value to their team and its objectives.

Andrew Horrigan '11 BSBA (Management Information Systems), Product Manager at Cisco

Research the Hiring Manager

If possible, find out who the hiring manager is and look them up on LinkedIn. Do your research on the company you're applying for. What's their mission statement and how do they portray their company culture? Hopefully what you're looking for in a job is reflected by those things. Make sure the hiring manager knows that and understands who you are and what drives you. A resume is often about as robotic as things can be. Make sure your cover letter is the opposite—personalize it and let yourself shine through.

Joshua Schlag ’05 BS (Computer Science) ’11 MBA, Digital Marketing Manager at Pyramid Analytics

Utilize Career Development Resources

The University of Arizona and Eller College of Management go to great lengths to make sure students are prepared for their impending career journey. Because cover letters are so important to getting your foot in the door, there are several career development resources online and on campus to take advantage of. The university’s cover letter builder serves as a nice template to get started. And of course, it never hurts to make an appointment with an Eller Career Coach through eSMS to have a professional review your letter before submission. 

Brett Farmiloe, ’06 BSBA (Accounting), Founder, Featured

Discover Past Samples of the Position

Do your research on the company and personalize your cover letter to the role for which you are applying. Don't be afraid to Google, "How to write a good cover letter for X position." Seriously, it helps! There is so much information out there from various perspectives—applicants, hiring managers, etc. Most importantly be yourself and let your personality come through. And don't forget to spell check!

Mariam Nikola '17 MS MIS, Consultant at Point B

Highlight Your Soft Skills

When writing a professional cover letter, there are a couple things you can do to set yourself apart from the pack. First, make sure you tailor your letter to the specific position you are applying for. This should not be a general, "one size fits all" letter—be sure to discuss specific details surrounding the role or the company itself. Secondly, this is an opportunity for you to show a little bit of your personality. Obviously, you want to remain professional, but this is a great time to highlight some of your soft skills that might not be fully conveyed through your resume.  

Brian Ellis ’17 BSBA (Management), Staffing Manager at Randstad Office and Administrative Professionals

Fill in the “Why” Gaps

As a talent advisor, I review a lot of applicants and agree that a cover letter can be a great way to stand apart, if it is done correctly. A great cover letter for me covers the ‘why’ that I cannot understand from just a resume alone. It should clearly state why you are interested in the role, what your goals are for utilizing your graduate degree (if recently graduated) and explain any career pivots reflected on your resume. If you answer those questions in a direct, concise manner it will add value to your application.

Monica Larson , ’11 BSBA (Marketing) ‘20 MBA, Talent Advisor

Tell Your Story

A cover letter is your opportunity to tell your story—tying your experience and personal interests into why you want a position and why you are the best candidate for it. Paint the picture of your journey and what about the position excites you personally and professionally. Similar to your resume, keep it short and sweet. No need to repeat what’s already on your resume. Recruiters and hiring managers don’t have time to comb through a novel, so you need to engage them with as few words as possible while also grabbing their attention.

Kelly Castoro, ’06 BA (Spanish, Portuguese), Project Manager at Squarespace

Tailor Each Cover Letter to the Position You Are Applying

Be sure to research the role and customize your cover letter for each position, relating your experience to the particular role you are applying for. Personalization is key—research who you are sending the cover letter to and address the letter to them directly. End your letter with a call to action, stating you will follow up by phone or email if you haven’t heard from anyone. Follow ups are very important! 

Jessica Rosenzweig, ’15 BSBA (Business Management), Account Manager at PeopleWare Staffing

Communicate Bankability and Personality 

Your cover letter answers two crucial questions; are you bankable and are you someone the company will enjoy working with? Communicate bankability with your knowledge of the company, industry and why your skills, capabilities and interests are a great fit. Share your passion for their mission, culture, brand—whatever excites you about becoming a member of their team.  

When conveyed through a concise, well-formulated, well-worded cover letter, you demonstrate the ability to write an effective business case—communicating that you are a ready professional and worthy teammate who will hit the ground running.

Theresa L Garcia, ’83 BSBA (Human Resources), Senior Change Management and Organization Capability Consultant at Boeing

Keep it Concise but Compelling

A cover letter is your chance to speak directly to the hiring team and tell them why you are not only the best match for the position for which you are applying but also give them additional insight into yourself as an individual that is less visible from your experience.

A great cover letter should be attention grabbing and touch upon the qualities that make you stand out from others in the applicant pool, highlight both your recent and most distinguished accomplishments and drive home why you are the right person for the job. Professionalism is always important, but don’t be hesitant to put your voice into the letter to let your personality shine through. Research the company, understand where they currently are, where they are going and show why you are the right person to get them from point A to point B. Recruiters spend a lot of time reviewing applicants and making yourself stand apart from the crowd is key. Keep it concise but compelling!

Matt Reineberg, ’14 BSBA (Marketing), Senior Talent Acquisition Sourcer at Cox Enterprises

Highlight the “Why”

Why are you applying to this company? Why do you want this position? Your cover letter should aim to answer the why behind applying for the job. Conveying an interest and excitement for working specifically for this job at this company, rather than a desire to get any job anywhere that will give you money, can go a long way. Show the company that they should hire you and your passion over someone that might have the skills needed for the job, but doesn’t care about the work as much as you do. 

Ryan Nouis, Trupath 

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