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How To Navigate The Real Estate Assignment Contract

What is assignment of contract?

Assignment of contract vs double close

How to assign a contract

Assignment of contract pros and cons

Even the most left-brained, technical real estate practitioners may find themselves overwhelmed by the legal forms that have become synonymous with the investing industry. The assignment of contract strategy, in particular, has developed a confusing reputation for those unfamiliar with the concept of wholesaling. At the very least, there’s a good chance the “assignment of contract real estate” exit strategy sounds more like a foreign language to new investors than a viable means to an end.

A real estate assignment contract isn’t as complicated as many make it out to be, nor is it something to shy away from because of a lack of understanding. Instead, new investors need to learn how to assign a real estate contract as this particular exit strategy represents one of the best ways to break into the industry.

In this article, we will break down the elements of a real estate assignment contract, or a real estate wholesale contract, and provide strategies for how it can help investors further their careers. [ Thinking about investing in real estate? Register to attend a FREE online real estate class and learn how to get started investing in real estate. ]

What Is A Real Estate Assignment Contract?

A real estate assignment contract is a wholesale strategy used by real estate investors to facilitate the sale of a property between an owner and an end buyer. As its name suggests, contract assignment strategies will witness a subject property owner sign a contract with an investor that gives them the rights to buy the home. That’s an important distinction to make, as the contract only gives the investor the right to buy the home; they don’t actually follow through on a purchase. Once under contract, however, the investor retains the sole right to buy the home. That means they may then sell their rights to buy the house to another buyer. Therefore, when a wholesaler executes a contact assignment, they aren’t selling a house but rather their rights to buy a house. The end buyer will pay the wholesale a small assignment fee and buy the house from the original buyer.

The real estate assignment contract strategy is only as strong as the contracts used in the agreement. The language used in the respective contract is of the utmost importance and should clearly define what the investors and sellers expect out of the deal.

There are a couple of caveats to keep in mind when considering using sales contracts for real estate:

Contract prohibitions: Make sure the contract you have with the property seller does not have prohibitions for future assignments. This can create serious issues down the road. Make sure the contract is drafted by a lawyer that specializes in real estate assignment contract law.

Property-specific prohibitions: HUD homes (property obtained by the Department of Housing and Urban Development), real estate owned or REOs (foreclosed-upon property), and listed properties are not open to assignment contracts. REO properties, for example, have a 90-day period before being allowed to be resold.

What Is An Assignment Fee In Real Estate?

An assignment fee in real estate is the money a wholesaler can expect to receive from an end buyer when they sell them their rights to buy the subject property. In other words, the assignment fee serves as the monetary compensation awarded to the wholesaler for connecting the original seller with the end buyer.

Again, any contract used to disclose a wholesale deal should be completely transparent, and including the assignment fee is no exception. The terms of how an investor will be paid upon assigning a contract should, nonetheless, be spelled out in the contract itself.

The standard assignment fee is $5,000. However, every deal is different. Buyers differ on their needs and criteria for spending their money (e.g., rehabbing vs. buy-and-hold buyers). As with any negotiations , proper information is vital. Take the time to find out how much the property would realistically cost before and after repairs. Then, add your preferred assignment fee on top of it.

Traditionally, investors will receive a deposit when they sign the Assignment of Real Estate Purchase and Sale Agreement . The rest of the assignment fee will be paid out upon the deal closing.

Assignment Contract Vs Double Close

The real estate assignment contract strategy is just one of the two methods investors may use to wholesale a deal. In addition to assigning contracts, investors may also choose to double close. While both strategies are essentially variations of a wholesale deal, several differences must be noted.

A double closing, otherwise known as a back-to-back closing, will have investors actually purchase the home. However, instead of holding onto it, they will immediately sell the asset without rehabbing it. Double closings aren’t as traditional as fast as contract assignment, but they can be in the right situation. Double closings can also take as long as a few weeks. In the end, double closings aren’t all that different from a traditional buy and sell; they transpire over a meeter of weeks instead of months.

Assignment real estate strategies are usually the first option investors will want to consider, as they are slightly easier and less involved. That said, real estate assignment contract methods aren’t necessarily better; they are just different. The wholesale strategy an investor chooses is entirely dependent on their situation. For example, if a buyer cannot line up funding fast enough, they may need to initiate a double closing because they don’t have the capital to pay the acquisition costs and assignment fee. Meanwhile, select institutional lenders incorporate language against lending money in an assignment of contract scenario. Therefore, any subsequent wholesale will need to be an assignment of contract.

Double closings and contract assignments are simply two means of obtaining the same end. Neither is better than the other; they are meant to be used in different scenarios.

Flipping Real Estate Contracts

Those unfamiliar with the real estate contract assignment concept may know it as something else: flipping real estate contracts; if for nothing else, the two are one-in-the-same. Flipping real estate contracts is simply another way to refer to assigning a contract.

Is An Assignment Of Contract Legal?

Yes, an assignment of contract is legal when executed correctly. Wholesalers must follow local laws regulating the language of contracts, as some jurisdictions have more regulations than others. It is also becoming increasingly common to assign contracts to a legal entity or LLC rather than an individual, to prevent objections from the bank. Note that you will need written consent from all parties listed on the contract, and there cannot be any clauses present that violate the law. If you have any questions about the specific language to include in a contract, it’s always a good idea to consult a qualified real estate attorney.

When Will Assignments Not Be Enforced?

In certain cases, an assignment of contract will not be enforced. Most notably, if the contract violates the law or any local regulations it cannot be enforced. This is why it is always encouraged to understand real estate laws and policy as soon as you enter the industry. Further, working with a qualified attorney when crafting contracts can be beneficial.

It may seem obvious, but assignment contracts will not be enforced if the language is used incorrectly. If the language in a contract contradicts itself, or if the contract is not legally binding it cannot be enforced. Essentially if there is any anti-assignment language, this can void the contract. Finally, if the assignment violates what is included under the contract, for example by devaluing the item, the contract will likely not be enforced.

How To Assign A Real Estate Contract

A wholesaling investment strategy that utilizes assignment contracts has many advantages, one of them being a low barrier-to-entry for investors. However, despite its inherent profitability, there are a lot of investors that underestimate the process. While probably the easiest exit strategy in all of real estate investing, there are a number of steps that must be taken to ensure a timely and profitable contract assignment, not the least of which include:

Find the right property

Acquire a real estate contract template

Submit the contract

Assign the contract

Collect the fee

1. Find The Right Property

You need to prune your leads, whether from newspaper ads, online marketing, or direct mail marketing. Remember, you aren’t just looking for any seller: you need a motivated seller who will sell their property at a price that works with your investing strategy.

The difference between a regular seller and a motivated seller is the latter’s sense of urgency. A motivated seller wants their property sold now. Pick a seller who wants to be rid of their property in the quickest time possible. It could be because they’re moving out of state, or they want to buy another house in a different area ASAP. Or, they don’t want to live in that house anymore for personal reasons. The key is to know their motivation for selling and determine if that intent is enough to sell immediately.

With a better idea of who to buy from, wholesalers will have an easier time exercising one of several marketing strategies:

Direct Mail

Real Estate Meetings

Local Marketing

2. Acquire A Real Estate Contract Template

Real estate assignment contract templates are readily available online. Although it’s tempting to go the DIY route, it’s generally advisable to let a lawyer see it first. This way, you will have the comfort of knowing you are doing it right, and that you have counsel in case of any legal problems along the way.

One of the things proper wholesale real estate contracts add is the phrase “and/or assigns” next to your name. This clause will give you the authority to sell the property or assign the property to another buyer.

You do need to disclose this to the seller and explain the clause if needed. Assure them that they will still get the amount you both agreed upon, but it gives you deal flexibility down the road.

3. Submit The Contract

Depending on your state’s laws, you need to submit your real estate assignment contract to a title company, or a closing attorney, for a title search. These are independent parties that look into the history of a property, seeing that there are no liens attached to the title. They then sign off on the validity of the contract.

4. Assign The Contract

Finding your buyer, similar to finding a seller, requires proper segmentation. When searching for buyers, investors should exercise several avenues, including online marketing, listing websites, or networking groups. In the real estate industry, this process is called building a buyer’s list, and it is a crucial step to finding success in assigning contracts.

Once you have found a buyer (hopefully from your ever-growing buyer’s list), ensure your contract includes language that covers earnest money to be paid upfront. This grants you protection against a possible breach of contract. This also assures you that you will profit, whether the transaction closes or not, as earnest money is non-refundable. How much it is depends on you, as long as it is properly justified.

5. Collect The Fee

Your profit from a deal of this kind comes from both your assignment fee, as well as the difference between the agreed-upon value and how much you sell it to the buyer. If you and the seller decide you will buy the property for $75,000 and sell it for $80,000 to the buyer, you profit $5,000. The deal is closed once the buyer pays the full $80,000.

Assignment of Contract Pros

For many investors, the most attractive benefit of an assignment of contract is the ability to profit without ever purchasing a property. This is often what attracts people to start wholesaling, as it allows many to learn the ropes of real estate with relatively low stakes. An assignment fee can either be determined as a percentage of the purchase price or as a set amount determined by the wholesaler. A standard fee is around $5,000 per contract.

The profit potential is not the only positive associated with an assignment of contract. Investors also benefit from not being added to the title chain, which can greatly reduce the costs and timeline associated with a deal. This benefit can even transfer to the seller and end buyer, as they get to avoid paying a real estate agent fee by opting for an assignment of contract. Compared to a double close (another popular wholesaling strategy), investors can avoid two sets of closing costs. All of these pros can positively impact an investor’s bottom line, making this a highly desirable exit strategy.

Assignment of Contract Cons

Although there are numerous perks to an assignment of contract, there are a few downsides to be aware of before searching for your first wholesale deal. Namely, working with buyers and sellers who may not be familiar with wholesaling can be challenging. Investors need to be prepared to familiarize newcomers with the process and be ready to answer any questions. Occasionally, sellers will purposely not accept an assignment of contract situation. Investors should occasionally expect this, as to not get discouraged.

Another obstacle wholesalers may face when working with an assignment of contract is in cases where the end buyer wants to back out. This can happen if the buyer is not comfortable paying the assignment fee, or if they don’t have owner’s rights until the contract is fully assigned. The best way to protect yourself from situations like this is to form a reliable buyer’s list and be upfront with all of the information. It is always recommended to develop a solid contract as well.

Know that not all properties can be wholesaled, for example HUD houses. In these cases, there are often anti-assigned clauses preventing wholesalers from getting involved. Make sure you know how to identify these properties so you don’t waste your time. Keep in mind that while there are cons to this real estate exit strategy, the right preparation can help investors avoid any big challenges.

Assignment of Contract Template

If you decide to pursue a career wholesaling real estate, then you’ll want the tools that will make your life as easy as possible. The good news is that there are plenty of real estate tools and templates at your disposal so that you don’t have to reinvent the wheel! For instance, here is an assignment of contract template that you can use when you strike your first deal.

As with any part of the real estate investing trade, no single aspect will lead to success. However, understanding how a real estate assignment of contract works is vital for this business. When you comprehend the many layers of how contracts are assigned—and how wholesaling works from beginning to end—you’ll be a more informed, educated, and successful investor.

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Assignment of Contract – Assignable Contract Basics for Real Estate Investors

What is assignment of contract? Learn about this wholesaling strategy and why assignment agreements are the preferred solution for flipping real estate contracts.

Beginners to investing in real estate and wholesaling must navigate a complex landscape littered with confusing terms and strategies. One of the first concepts to understand before wholesaling is assignment of contract, also known as assignment of agreement or “flipping real estate contracts.”  

An assignment contract is the most popular exit strategy for wholesalers, and it isn’t as complicated as it may seem. What does assignment of contract mean? How can it be used to get into wholesaling? Here’s what you need to know.

What Is Assignment of Contract?

How assignment of contract works in real estate wholesaling, what is an assignment fee in real estate, assignment of agreement pros & cons, assignable contract faqs.

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Assignment of real estate purchase and sale agreement, or simply assignment of agreement or contract, is a real estate wholesale strategy that facilitates a sale between the property owner and the end buyer.

This strategy is also known as flipping real estate contracts because that’s essentially how it works:

• The wholesaler finds a property that’s already discounted or represents a great deal and enters into a contract with the seller,
• The contract contains an assignment clause that allows the wholesaler to assign the contract to someone else (if they choose to!), then
• The wholesaler can assign the contract to another party and receive an assignment fee when the transaction closes.

Assignment of contract in real estate is a popular strategy for beginners in real estate investment because it requires very little or even no capital. As long as you can find an interested buyer, you do not need to come up with a large sum of money to buy and then resell the property – you are only selling your right to buy it .

An assignment contract passes along your purchase rights as well as your contract obligations. After the contract assignment, you are no longer involved in the transaction with no right to make claims or responsibilities to get the transaction to closing.

Until you assign contract to someone else, however, you are completely on the hook for all contract responsibilities and rights.

This means that you are in control of the deal until you decide to assign the contract, but if you aren’t able to get someone to take over the contract, you are legally obligated to follow through with the sale .

Assignment of Contract vs Double Closing

Double closing and assignment of agreement are the two main real estate wholesaling exit strategies. Unlike the double closing strategy, an assignment contract does not require the wholesaler to purchase the property.

Assignment of contract is usually the preferred option because it can be completed in hours and does not require you to fund the purchase . Double closings take twice as much work and require a great deal of coordination. They are also illegal in some states.

Ready to see how an assignment contract actually works? Even though it has a low barrier to entry for beginner investors, the challenges of completing an assignment of contract shouldn’t be underestimated. Here are the general steps involved in wholesaling.

Step #1. Find a seller/property

The process begins by finding a property that you think is a good deal or a good investment and entering into a purchase agreement with the seller. Of course, not just any property is suitable for this strategy. You need to find a motivated seller willing to accept an assignment agreement and a price that works with your strategy. Direct mail marketing, online marketing, and checking the county delinquent tax list are just a few possible lead generation strategies you can employ.

Step #2: Enter into an assignable contract

The contract with the seller will be almost the same as a standard purchase agreement except it will contain an assignment clause.

An important element in an assignable purchase contract is “ and/or assigns ” next to your name as the buyer . The term “assigns” is used here as a noun to refer to a potential assignee. This is a basic assignment clause authorizing you to transfer your position and rights in the contract to an assignee if you choose.

The contract must also follow local laws regulating contract language. In some jurisdictions, assignment of contract is not allowed. It’s becoming increasingly common for wholesalers to assign agreements to an LLC instead of an individual. In this case, the LLC would be under contract with the seller. This can potentially bypass lender objections and even anti-assignment clauses for distressed properties. Rather than assigning the contract to someone else, the investor can reassign their interest in the LLC through an “assignment of membership interest.”

Note: even the presence of an assignment clause can make some sellers nervous or unwilling to make a deal . The seller may be picky about whom they want to buy the property, or they may be suspicious or concerned about the concept of assigning a contract to an unknown third party who may or may not be able to complete the sale.

The assignment clause should always be disclosed and explained to the seller. If they are nervous, they can be assured that they will still get the agreed-upon amount.

Step #3. Submit the assignment contract for a title search

Once you are under contract, you must typically submit the contract to a title company to perform the title search. This ensures there are no liens attached to the property.

Step #4. Find an end buyer to assign the contract

Next is the most challenging step: finding a buyer who can fulfill the contract’s original terms including the closing date and purchase price.

Successful wholesalers build buyers lists and employ marketing campaigns, social media, and networking to find a good match for an assignable contract.

Once you locate an end buyer, your contract should include earnest money the buyer must pay upfront. This gives you some protection if the buyer breaches the contract and, potentially, causes you to breach your contract with the seller. With a non-refundable deposit, you can be sure your earnest money to the seller will be covered in a worst-case scenario.

You can see an assignment of contract example here between an assignor and assignee.

Step #5. Receive your assignment fee

The final step is receiving your assignment fee. This fee is your profit from the transaction, and it’s usually paid when the transaction closes.

The assignment fee is how the wholesaler makes money through an assignment contract. This fee is paid by the end buyer when they purchase the right to buy the property as compensation for being connected to the original seller. Assignment contracts should clearly spell out the assignment fee and how it will be paid.

An assignment fee in real estate replaces the broker or Realtor fee in a typical transaction as the assignor or investor is bringing together the seller and end buyer.

The standard real estate assignment fee is $5,000 . However, it varies by transaction and calculating the assignment fee may be higher or lower depending on whether the buyer is buying and holding the property or rehabbing and flipping.

The assignment fee is not always a flat amount. The difference between the agreed-upon price with the seller and the end buyer is the profit you stand to earn as the assignor. If you agreed to purchase the property for $150,000 from the seller and assign the contract to a buyer for $200,000, your assignment fee or profit would be $50,000.

In most cases, an investor receives a deposit when the Assignment of Purchase and Sale Agreement is signed with the rest paid at closing.

Be aware that assignment agreements can have a bad reputation . This is usually the case when the end buyer and seller are unsatisfied, realizing they could have sold higher or bought lower and essentially paid thousands to an investor who never even wanted to buy the property.

Opting for the standard, flat assignment fee is much more readily accepted by sellers and buyers as it’s comparable to a real estate agent’s commission or even much lower and the parties can avoid working with an agent.

Real estate investors enjoy many benefits of an assignment of contract:

• This strategy requires little or no capital which makes it a popular entry to wholesaling as investors learn the ropes.
• Investors are not added to the title chain and never own the property which reduces costs and the amount of time the deal takes.
• An assignment of agreement is easier and faster than double closing which requires two separate closings and two sets of fees and disclosures.
• Wholesaling can be a great tool to expand an investor’s network for future opportunities.

As with most things, there are important drawbacks to consider. Before jumping into wholesaling and flipping real estate contracts, consider the downsides .

• It can be difficult to work with sellers and buyers who are not familiar with wholesaling or assignment agreements.
• Some sellers avoid or decline assignment of contract offers because they are suspicious of the arrangement, think it is too risky, or want to know who they are selling to.
• There is a limited time to find an end buyer. Without a reliable buyer’s list, it can be very challenging to find a viable end buyer before the closing date.
• The end buyer may back out at the last minute. This may happen if they do not have owner’s rights until the contract is assigned or they do not want to pay an assignment fee.
• Not all properties are eligible for wholesaling like HUD and REO properties. There may be anti-assignment clauses or other hurdles. It is possible to get around this by purchasing the property with an LLC which can then be sold, but this is a level of complication that many wholesalers want to avoid.
• Assignors do not have owner’s rights. When the property is under contract, investors cannot make repairs or improvements. This makes it harder to assign a contract for a distressed property in poor condition.
• It can be hard to confirm an end buyer is qualified. The end buyer is responsible for paying the agreed upon price set by the seller and assignor. Many lenders do not handle assignment agreements which usually means turning to all-cash end buyers. Depending on the market, they can be hard to find.

In the worst-case scenario, if a wholesaling deal falls through because the end buyer backs out, the investor or assignor is still responsible for buying the property and must follow through with the purchase agreement. If you do not, you are in breach of contract and lose the earnest money you put down.

To avoid this worst-case scenario, be prepared with a good buyer’s list. You should only put properties under contract that you consider a good deal and you can market to other investors or homeowners. You may be able to get more time by asking for an extension to the assignment of contract while you find another buyer or even turn to other wholesalers to see if they have someone who would be a good fit.

What is the difference between assignor vs assignee?

In an assignment clause, the assignor is the buyer who then assigns the contract to an assignee. The assignee is the end buyer or final buyer who becomes the owner when the transaction closes. After the assignment, contract rights and obligations are transferred from the assignor to the assignee.

What Is an assignable contract?

An assignable contract in real estate is a purchase agreement that allows the buyer to assign their rights and obligations to another party before the contract expires. The assignee then becomes obligated to meet the terms of the contract and, at closing, get title to the property.

Is Assignment of Agreement Legal?

Assignment of contract is legal as long as state regulations are followed and it’s an assignable contract. The terms of your agreement with the seller must allow for the contract to be assumed. To be legal and enforceable, the following general requirements must be met.

• The assignment does not violate state law or public policy. In some states and jurisdictions, contract assignments are prohibited.
• There is no assignment clause prohibiting assignment.
• There is written consent between all parties.
• The property does not have restrictions prohibiting assignment. Some properties have deed restrictions or anti-assignment clauses prohibiting assignment of contract within a specific period of time. This includes HUD properties, short sales, and REO properties which usually prohibit a property from being resold for 90 days. There is potentially a way around these non-assignable contracts using an LLC.

Can a non-assignable contract still be assigned?

Even an non-assignable contract can become an assignable contract in some cases. A common approach is creating an agreement with an LLC or trust as the purchaser. The investor can then assign the entity to someone else because the contractual rights and obligations are the entity’s.

Assignment agreements are not as complicated as they may sound, and they offer an excellent entry into real estate investing without significant capital. A transaction coordinator at Transactly can be an invaluable solution, no matter your volume, to keep your wholesaling business on track and facilitate every step of the transaction to closing – and your assignment fee!

Adam Valley

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Assigning Real Estate Contracts: Everything You Need to Know

Assigning real estate contracts refers to a method of earning money from buying and selling real estate. You find a seller who is eager to sell their property at a price that is far below its market value. 3 min read updated on February 01, 2023

Updated July 10, 2020:

Assigning real estate contracts refers to a method of earning money from buying and selling real estate. You find a seller who is eager to sell their property at a price that is far below its market value. Then, you find a buyer willing to pay a higher price for it.

How Contract Assignment Works

The first thing you need to do for contract assignment is to find a motivated seller. This is a person who owns a property, and for some reason, needs to sell in a hurry. This is generally because of a problem they are having, such as needing to move to a new home quickly. You'll need to be able to tell the difference between this sort of seller and someone who isn't in so much of a hurry to sell, and perhaps just wants to know what the property is worth.

You can find motivated sellers by placing ads in the newspaper, marketing on the internet, or sending direct mail. A combination of strategies works best.

The next thing you need to do is to obtain an assignment contract document. You can find templates on the web, but it's a good idea to have an attorney look it over before signing anything. That way, you will know that everything is completely legal. You will also be able to use that attorney if things don't work out as planned.

After the contract is signed, you submit it to a title company or an attorney who handles real estate closings . They will then do a title search. This ensures there are no existing liens against the property. This step is crucial because you do not want to buy a property that has a problem with the title. The title company is objective and independent and therefore makes sure everything is fair and legal.

At this point, you may search for a buyer. This will require more marketing strategies and can be a difficult process, but when you do find a buyer, you can move on to the next step - closing on the property. You'll need to collect a non-refundable deposit known as “earnest money” to make sure the buyer won't back out. If the buyer does change their mind, you get to keep the earnest money. This amount can be determined by you or the buyer.

Next, you get paid! The amount you receive will cover the amount you agreed to pay the property seller, along with an amount you get to keep in return for finding the buyer and making the transaction happen.

While this process takes place, you should make sure the seller understands how the process works , and that you will make a profit from the transaction. Otherwise, either the seller or buyer may decide they don't like the idea of your profiting from the sale and may back out. Reassure the seller that they are still getting the amount agreed upon for the sale.

Most contract assignments are done for $5,000 profit or less, but you can do it for a higher amount if you choose. If problems arise, it's possible to do a double or simultaneous closing, thereby keeping both parts of the sale separate and anonymous. Some title companies may not agree to do this, so if it becomes an issue, you should discuss it in advance.

Drawbacks of Contract Assignment

Contract assignment, or wholesaling, can be a  profitable venture , but there are a few pitfalls to watch out for, such as:

• You cannot make any repairs or renovations to the property because you do not own it at any point.
• You cannot offer any type of financing to the buyer.
• You must get the sale accomplished within a short amount of time before the contract expires.
• The process of closing on the property is detailed and can be complicated.
• You must find a buyer who is willing to pay in cash because it's hard to find a lender who will approve a mortgage for an assigned contract.

You also need to check the laws in your state, because in some states it is not legal to market a property that you don't own.

If you need more information or help with assigning real estate contracts, you can post your legal need on UpCounsel's marketplace. UpCounsel accepts only the top 5 percent of lawyers to its site. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law schools such as Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of legal experience, including work with or on behalf of companies like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb.

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Pitfalls Concerning Assignment of Purchase Agreements

Over the years, we have been contacted by many clients regarding purchase party defaults, after having permitted the initial buyer under a purchase contract to assign the agreement to a newly – created buyer affiliate or unrelated, third party assignee. As a result of not seeking legal advice regarding a buyer’s right to assign purchase agreement prior to the execution of the contract, two problems often result: 1) a shell purchasing entity is substituted as the buyer, and 2) the original buyer, which normally has assets, is now relieved of its obligations under the purchase agreement.

Unfortunately, prior to the close of escrow, if the new shell purchasing entity defaults on its obligations, and the seller seeks to recover the initial deposit based upon breach of contract, the seller is often left with less than a full recovery. When the replacement purchasing entity is a shell company with no assets, the seller may be unable to fully recoup its expenses, including attorney fees and escrow and title cancellation expenses.  Furthermore, even if a legal judgment is obtained against the purchasing assignee entity, it is often worthless because the purchaser has no assets.

Why Legal Advice Should be Sought Regarding the Buyer’s Right to Assign the Purchase Agreement

Anticipating that this issue may occur, we draft assignment provisions in the purchase agreement prior to signing that require two things. First, any newly – formed affiliate assignee buyer must expressly assume, in writing, all obligations of the original buyer under the purchase agreement. This includes the obligation to pay all costs and expenses (such as attorneys’ fees and escrow and title cancellation fees) resulting from any pre-closing default by the new assignee purchaser. Second, the provision should state that any such assignment to a new buying entity will NOT relieve the original buyer of its obligations under the purchase contract.

By doing so, the seller will have a remedy against both the newly – formed defaulting assignee and the original purchaser. The seller, therefore, can pursue both entities for the initial deposit and if, upon default, the new buyer refuses to release the initial deposit from escrow, the seller can sue both entities for recovery of the initial deposit and all costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees, cancellation expenses and interest).

Additionally, the judgment will be “joint and several,” meaning that the seller can recover from either entity, permitting the seller to concentrate its collection efforts against the original purchaser (which has assets), rather than wasting time and money pursuing the shell entity.

The aggrieved seller can also prevent the shell purchaser simply walking away from the transaction without liability for the additional costs and expenses incurred due to the breach of the purchase agreement. The seller can avoid being blackmailed into settling for only a portion of the initial deposit in order to avoid incurring the cost, expense and delay of suing the shell assignee.

Other Benefits of Properly Drafting an Assignment Provision

Proper drafting of the assignment provision also can avoid an even worse scenario: one in which a defaulting assignee buyer files a lis pendens on the property. In such a case the seller could be faced with tremendous legal expenses required to remove the lis pendens – none of which will be recoverable from the newly – formed shell assignee buyer, which has no assets. We also recommend that our clients include an increase in the initial deposit following waiver of contingencies and/or the release of the initial deposit upon the buyer’s waiver of contingencies.

Having provided over three decades of legal advice and counsel to our clients, the lawyers at Narvid Scott are well – versed in avoiding potential pitfalls for the unwary. While we certainly cannot guarantee the elimination of all problems, our experience minimizes our clients’ risk and exposure. By contacting Narvid Scott before the letter of intent or negotiations for the sale or purchase commence, we can better protect our clients.

Remember: Before executing your next purchase agreement (whether as a buyer or purchaser) or better yet, before you even negotiate the Letter of Intent, I would be happy to review your transaction and provide effective and efficient advice and counsel.

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Legal Templates

Home Business Assignment Agreement

Assignment Agreement Template

Use our assignment agreement to transfer contractual obligations.

Updated February 1, 2024 Reviewed by Brooke Davis

An assignment agreement is a legal document that transfers rights, responsibilities, and benefits from one party (the “assignor”) to another (the “assignee”). You can use it to reassign debt, real estate, intellectual property, leases, insurance policies, and government contracts.

What Is an Assignment Agreement?

What to include in an assignment agreement, how to assign a contract, how to write an assignment agreement, assignment agreement sample.

Partnership Interest

An assignment agreement effectively transfers the rights and obligations of a person or entity under an initial contract to another. The original party is the assignor, and the assignee takes on the contract’s duties and benefits.

It’s often a requirement to let the other party in the original deal know the contract is being transferred. It’s essential to create this form thoughtfully, as a poorly written assignment agreement may leave the assignor obligated to certain aspects of the deal.

The most common use of an assignment agreement occurs when the assignor no longer can or wants to continue with a contract. Instead of leaving the initial party or breaking the agreement, the assignor can transfer the contract to another individual or entity.

For example, imagine a small residential trash collection service plans to close its operations. Before it closes, the business brokers a deal to send its accounts to a curbside pickup company providing similar services. After notifying account holders, the latter company continues the service while receiving payment.

Create a thorough assignment agreement by including the following information:

• Effective Date:  The document must indicate when the transfer of rights and obligations occurs.
• Parties:  Include the full name and address of the assignor, assignee, and obligor (if required).
• Assignment:  Provide details that identify the original contract being assigned.
• Third-Party Approval: If the initial contract requires the approval of the obligor, note the date the approval was received.
• Signatures:  Both parties must sign and date the printed assignment contract template once completed. If a notary is required, wait until you are in the presence of the official and present identification before signing. Failure to do so may result in having to redo the assignment contract.

Review the Contract Terms

Carefully review the terms of the existing contract. Some contracts may have specific provisions regarding assignment. Check for any restrictions or requirements related to assigning the contract.

Check for Anti-Assignment Clauses

Some contracts include anti-assignment clauses that prohibit or restrict the ability to assign the contract without the consent of the other party. If there’s such a clause, you may need the consent of the original parties to proceed.

Determine Assignability

Ensure that the contract is assignable. Some contracts, especially those involving personal services or unique skills, may not be assignable without the other party’s agreement.

Get Consent from the Other Party (if Required)

If the contract includes an anti-assignment clause or requires consent for assignment, seek written consent from the other party. This can often be done through a formal amendment to the contract.

Prepare an Assignment Agreement

Draft an assignment agreement that clearly outlines the transfer of rights and obligations from the assignor (the party assigning the contract) to the assignee (the party receiving the assignment). Include details such as the names of the parties, the effective date of the assignment, and the specific rights and obligations being transferred.

Include Original Contract Information

Attach a copy of the original contract or reference its key terms in the assignment agreement. This helps in clearly identifying the contract being assigned.

Execution of the Assignment Agreement

Both the assignor and assignee should sign the assignment agreement. Signatures should be notarized if required by the contract or local laws.

Notice to the Other Party

Provide notice of the assignment to the non-assigning party. This can be done formally through a letter or as specified in the contract.

File the Assignment

File the assignment agreement with the appropriate parties or entities as required. This may include filing with the original contracting party or relevant government authorities.

Communicate with Third Parties

Inform any relevant third parties, such as suppliers, customers, or service providers, about the assignment to ensure a smooth transition.

Keep Copies for Records

Keep copies of the assignment agreement, original contract, and any related communications for your records.

Here’s a list of steps on how to write an assignment agreement:

Step 1 – List the Assignor’s and Assignee’s Details

List all of the pertinent information regarding the parties involved in the transfer. This information includes their full names, addresses, phone numbers, and other relevant contact information.

This step clarifies who’s transferring the initial contract and who will take on its responsibilities.

Step 2 – Provide Original Contract Information

Describing and identifying the contract that is effectively being reassigned is essential. This step avoids any confusion after the transfer has been completed.

Step 3 – State the Consideration

Provide accurate information regarding the amount the assignee pays to assume the contract. This figure should include taxes and any relevant peripheral expenses. If the assignee will pay the consideration over a period, indicate the method and installments.

Step 4 – Provide Any Terms and Conditions

The terms and conditions of any agreement are crucial to a smooth transaction. You must cover issues such as dispute resolution, governing law, obligor approval, and any relevant clauses.

Step 5 – Obtain Signatures

Both parties must sign the agreement to ensure it is legally binding and that they have read and understood the contract. If a notary is required, wait to sign off in their presence.

Related Documents

• Purchase Agreement : Outlines the terms and conditions of an item sale.
• Business Contract : An agreement in which each party agrees to an exchange, typically involving money, goods, or services.
• Lease/Rental Agreement : A lease agreement is a written document that officially recognizes a legally binding relationship between two parties -- a landlord and a tenant.
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Understanding an assignment and assumption agreement

Need to assign your rights and duties under a contract? Learn more about the basics of an assignment and assumption agreement.

Get your assignment of agreement

by   Belle Wong, J.D.

Belle Wong, is a freelance writer specializing in small business, personal finance, banking, and tech/SAAS. She ...

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Updated on: November 24, 2023 · 3 min read

The assignment and assumption agreement

The basics of assignment and assumption, filling in the assignment and assumption agreement.

While every business should try its best to meet its contractual obligations, changes in circumstance can happen that could necessitate transferring your rights and duties under a contract to another party who would be better able to meet those obligations.

If you find yourself in such a situation, and your contract provides for the possibility of assignment, an assignment and assumption agreement can be a good option for preserving your relationship with the party you initially contracted with, while at the same time enabling you to pass on your contractual rights and duties to a third party.

An assignment and assumption agreement is used after a contract is signed, in order to transfer one of the contracting party's rights and obligations to a third party who was not originally a party to the contract. The party making the assignment is called the assignor, while the third party accepting the assignment is known as the assignee.

In order for an assignment and assumption agreement to be valid, the following criteria need to be met:

• The initial contract must provide for the possibility of assignment by one of the initial contracting parties.
• The assignor must agree to assign their rights and duties under the contract to the assignee.
• The assignee must agree to accept, or "assume," those contractual rights and duties.
• The other party to the initial contract must consent to the transfer of rights and obligations to the assignee.

A standard assignment and assumption contract is often a good starting point if you need to enter into an assignment and assumption agreement. However, for more complex situations, such as an assignment and amendment agreement in which several of the initial contract terms will be modified, or where only some, but not all, rights and duties will be assigned, it's a good idea to retain the services of an attorney who can help you draft an agreement that will meet all your needs.

When you're ready to enter into an assignment and assumption agreement, it's a good idea to have a firm grasp of the basics of assignment:

• First, carefully read and understand the assignment and assumption provision in the initial contract. Contracts vary widely in their language on this topic, and each contract will have specific criteria that must be met in order for a valid assignment of rights to take place.
• All parties to the agreement should carefully review the document to make sure they each know what they're agreeing to, and to help ensure that all important terms and conditions have been addressed in the agreement.
• Until the agreement is signed by all the parties involved, the assignor will still be obligated for all responsibilities stated in the initial contract. If you are the assignor, you need to ensure that you continue with business as usual until the assignment and assumption agreement has been properly executed.

Unless you're dealing with a complex assignment situation, working with a template often is a good way to begin drafting an assignment and assumption agreement that will meet your needs. Generally speaking, your agreement should include the following information:

• Identification of the existing agreement, including details such as the date it was signed and the parties involved, and the parties' rights to assign under this initial agreement
• The effective date of the assignment and assumption agreement
• Identification of the party making the assignment (the assignor), and a statement of their desire to assign their rights under the initial contract
• Identification of the third party accepting the assignment (the assignee), and a statement of their acceptance of the assignment
• Identification of the other initial party to the contract, and a statement of their consent to the assignment and assumption agreement
• A section stating that the initial contract is continued; meaning, that, other than the change to the parties involved, all terms and conditions in the original contract stay the same

In addition to these sections that are specific to an assignment and assumption agreement, your contract should also include standard contract language, such as clauses about indemnification, future amendments, and governing law.

Sometimes circumstances change, and as a business owner you may find yourself needing to assign your rights and duties under a contract to another party. A properly drafted assignment and assumption agreement can help you make the transfer smoothly while, at the same time, preserving the cordiality of your initial business relationship under the original contract.

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Assignment clause defined.

Assignment clauses are legally binding provisions in contracts that give a party the chance to engage in a transfer of ownership or assign their contractual obligations and rights to a different contracting party.

In other words, an assignment clause can reassign contracts to another party. They can commonly be seen in contracts related to business purchases.

Here’s an article about assignment clauses.

Assignment Clause Explained

Assignment contracts are helpful when you need to maintain an ongoing obligation regardless of ownership. Some agreements have limitations or prohibitions on assignments, while other parties can freely enter into them.

Here’s another article about assignment clauses.

Purpose of Assignment Clause

The purpose of assignment clauses is to establish the terms around transferring contractual obligations. The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) permits the enforceability of assignment clauses.

Assignment Clause Examples

Examples of assignment clauses include:

• Example 1 . A business closing or a change of control occurs
• Example 2 . New services providers taking over existing customer contracts
• Example 3 . Unique real estate obligations transferring to a new property owner as a condition of sale
• Example 4 . Many mergers and acquisitions transactions, such as insurance companies taking over customer policies during a merger

Here’s an article about the different types of assignment clauses.

Assignment Clause Samples

Sample 1 – sales contract.

Assignment; Survival .  Neither party shall assign all or any portion of the Contract without the other party’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, however, that either party may, without such consent, assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, in connection with the transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the assets or business of such Party relating to the product(s) to which this Agreement relates. The Contract shall bind and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the respective parties. Any assignment or transfer not in accordance with this Contract shall be void. In order that the parties may fully exercise their rights and perform their obligations arising under the Contract, any provisions of the Contract that are required to ensure such exercise or performance (including any obligation accrued as of the termination date) shall survive the termination of the Contract.

Reference :

Security Exchange Commission - Edgar Database,  EX-10.29 3 dex1029.htm SALES CONTRACT , Viewed May 10, 2021, <  https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1492426/000119312510226984/dex1029.htm >.

Sample 2 – Purchase and Sale Agreement

Assignment . Purchaser shall not assign this Agreement or any interest therein to any Person, without the prior written consent of Seller, which consent may be withheld in Seller’s sole discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon prior written notice to Seller, Purchaser may designate any Affiliate as its nominee to receive title to the Property, or assign all of its right, title and interest in this Agreement to any Affiliate of Purchaser by providing written notice to Seller no later than five (5) Business Days prior to the Closing; provided, however, that (a) such Affiliate remains an Affiliate of Purchaser, (b) Purchaser shall not be released from any of its liabilities and obligations under this Agreement by reason of such designation or assignment, (c) such designation or assignment shall not be effective until Purchaser has provided Seller with a fully executed copy of such designation or assignment and assumption instrument, which shall (i) provide that Purchaser and such designee or assignee shall be jointly and severally liable for all liabilities and obligations of Purchaser under this Agreement, (ii) provide that Purchaser and its designee or assignee agree to pay any additional transfer tax as a result of such designation or assignment, (iii) include a representation and warranty in favor of Seller that all representations and warranties made by Purchaser in this Agreement are true and correct with respect to such designee or assignee as of the date of such designation or assignment, and will be true and correct as of the Closing, and (iv) otherwise be in form and substance satisfactory to Seller and (d) such Assignee is approved by Manager as an assignee of the Management Agreement under Article X of the Management Agreement. For purposes of this Section 16.4, “Affiliate” shall include any direct or indirect member or shareholder of the Person in question, in addition to any Person that would be deemed an Affiliate pursuant to the definition of “Affiliate” under Section 1.1 hereof and not by way of limitation of such definition.

Security Exchange Commission - Edgar Database,  EX-10.8 3 dex108.htm PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT , Viewed May 10, 2021, < https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1490985/000119312510160407/dex108.htm >.

Sample 3 – Share Purchase Agreement

Assignment . Neither this Agreement nor any right or obligation hereunder may be assigned by any Party without the prior written consent of the other Parties, and any attempted assignment without the required consents shall be void.

Security Exchange Commission - Edgar Database,  EX-4.12 3 dex412.htm SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT , Viewed May 10, 2021, < https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1329394/000119312507148404/dex412.htm >.

Sample 4 – Asset Purchase Agreement

Assignment . This Agreement and any of the rights, interests, or obligations incurred hereunder, in part or as a whole, at any time after the Closing, are freely assignable by Buyer. This Agreement and any of the rights, interests, or obligations incurred hereunder, in part or as a whole, are assignable by Seller only upon the prior written consent of Buyer, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. This Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

Security Exchange Commission - Edgar Database,  EX-2.1 2 dex21.htm ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT , Viewed May 10, 2021, < https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1428669/000119312510013625/dex21.htm >.

Sample 5 – Asset Purchase Agreement

Assignment; Binding Effect; Severability

This Agreement may not be assigned by any party hereto without the other party’s written consent; provided, that Buyer may transfer or assign in whole or in part to one or more Buyer Designee its right to purchase all or a portion of the Purchased Assets, but no such transfer or assignment will relieve Buyer of its obligations hereunder. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns of each party hereto. The provisions of this Agreement are severable, and in the event that any one or more provisions are deemed illegal or unenforceable the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect unless the deletion of such provision shall cause this Agreement to become materially adverse to either party, in which event the parties shall use reasonable commercial efforts to arrive at an accommodation that best preserves for the parties the benefits and obligations of the offending provision.

Security Exchange Commission - Edgar Database,  EX-2.4 2 dex24.htm ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT , Viewed May 10, 2021, < https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1002047/000119312511171858/dex24.htm >.

Common Contracts with Assignment Clauses

Common contracts with assignment clauses include:

• Real estate contracts
• Sales contract
• Asset purchase agreement
• Purchase and sale agreement
• Bill of sale
• Assignment and transaction financing agreement

Assignment Clause FAQs

Assignment clauses are powerful when used correctly. Check out the assignment clause FAQs below to learn more:

What is an assignment clause in real estate?

Assignment clauses in real estate transfer legal obligations from one owner to another party. They also allow house flippers to engage in a contract negotiation with a seller and then assign the real estate to the buyer while collecting a fee for their services. Real estate lawyers assist in the drafting of assignment clauses in real estate transactions.

What does no assignment clause mean?

No assignment clauses prohibit the transfer or assignment of contract obligations from one part to another.

What’s the purpose of the transfer and assignment clause in the purchase agreement?

The purpose of the transfer and assignment clause in the purchase agreement is to protect all involved parties’ rights and ensure that assignments are not to be unreasonably withheld. Contract lawyers can help you avoid legal mistakes when drafting your business contracts’ transfer and assignment clauses.

ContractsCounsel is not a law firm, and this post should not be considered and does not contain legal advice. To ensure the information and advice in this post are correct, sufficient, and appropriate for your situation, please consult a licensed attorney. Also, using or accessing ContractsCounsel's site does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and ContractsCounsel.

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Table of Contents

Wholesaling made simple a comprehensive guide to assigning contracts.

Land Investing , Creative Financing, Making Offers, Mindset Training, Video Tutorials

REtipster does not provide legal advice. The information in this article can be impacted by many unique variables. Always consult with a qualified legal professional before taking action.

For several years, my real estate investing business followed a simple model that worked extremely well about 80% of the time.

I would find boatloads of motivated sellers , make deeply discounted offers to them, and when I found a seller willing to accept, I could buy their property outright and pay cash for it.

Once I owned a property, I could list it for sale (usually within 24 hours) and flip it for a MUCH higher price than I paid.

In a lot of cases,  the process worked perfectly . Going through these motions, I could squeeze a lot of free equity out of each property. In the best-case scenario, I could move through the entire process in just a few weeks.

The Problem With a Cash Business

Even though this business model was pretty effective, I found it had some limitations.

It was surprisingly easy for me to find cheap properties and buy them free and clear with the cash I had, but the real challenge was getting these properties sold quickly .

After my first dozen deals, I learned that some properties were MUCH harder to sell than others,   and I didn't always have the foresight to know which properties would take significantly longer to sell .

This was a big problem for two reasons:

1. I had a limited supply of cash to work with.

Even if I knew how to get every property on earth for 20% of market value, I didn't have enough money to buy them all . At some point, I had to be smart about which properties to pour my limited resources into.

2. It was hard to know when a property would sell.

One of the unpredictable elements of land investing is that some properties will sell quickly, and some will sit on the market for months on end, and the situation usually ISN'T obvious until you list the property for sale and see how the market responds.

Of course, a few indications  can give off some warning signs, and some markets are known for selling faster than others, but when you're working in an unfamiliar territory (like I was most of the time), this can be a tough nut to crack.

RELATED: How to Find the Perfect Market for Flipping Vacant Land

Once I started pushing up against the limitations of my finite supply of cash AND my inability to predict the future, I started thinking to myself,

“There MUST be a better way to monetize these deals without tying up my cash!”

I kept seeing deal after deal hit my desk – and they were great deals – but they just weren't great enough to justify investing my own money .

Buying a property for 60% of market value is great for the average investor, but if I couldn't get a property for a next-to-nothing price tag, it just wasn't “risk-free” enough to tie up my limited funds!

Wholesaling Through Assignments

Around this time, I started exploring how to assign contracts (i.e. – wholesaling, arbitrage, etc.).

Rather than signing a purchase agreement and buying each property outright, I had heard other real estate investors talking about this ingenious way of signing a purchase agreement and selling that contract to another investor so that THEY could close on the deal – with me just acting as a middleman and collecting an assignment fee in the process.

In short, I would effectively be selling a piece of paper because that paper (i.e. – the purchase agreement) represented a TON of valuable real estate equity that would go to whoever closed on the deal and took ownership of the property.

In some ways, assigning a contract wasn't all that different from acting as a real estate agent because I would be wearing many of the same hats and doing some of the same things an agent would do for their client.

The difference was that I had a signed purchase agreement between myself and the seller, giving me an equitable interest in the property. I wasn't selling a property on behalf of someone else, I was selling a contract that entitled me to close on the deal and could be assigned to any other investor who wanted to jump into my shoes.

This contract was like a paper asset I could sell to a third party and get paid an “assignment fee” without owning the property myself.

Legal Disclaimer: In some states, this process of assigning a contract is considered synonymous with working as a real estate agent. Even though it's technically a different type of agreement, some jurisdictions don't distinguish between the two. If you decide to pursue this strategy, check with the laws in your area to make sure you aren't required to have a real estate license to complete this process. If a license is required, you don't want to attempt this without your real estate license.

This presented a few obvious benefits:

• I didn't need to put up any of my own cash.
• I didn't need to shoulder any liability as a property owner.
• I didn't need to stress out if I couldn't find a buyer immediately (because once the purchase agreement expired, I was free to walk away from the deal).

As I became increasingly strapped for cash (all while the opportunities continued to pour in faster than I could handle), this whole “Assignment” business sounded like the PERFECT solution to my problem.

The Mechanics of Assigning a Contract

Now, the idea of assigning contracts (aka – “wholesaling”) always sounds great on paper – but let me tell you, I struggled for YEARS to understand the mechanics of how this process really worked.

I understood the “20,000-foot-high” concept of assignments, but when it came down to figuring out the real, nitty-gritty details (for example)…

• What kind of Purchase Agreement was I supposed to use?
• What kind of Assignment Agreement needed to be signed?
• How was I supposed to get the deal closed?
• Where could I find the right closing agent to work with me?
• When would I get paid in the process?
• What if the buyer went behind my back and talked to the seller?
• What if I couldn't find a buyer before the original contract expired?

…I had heard so many different opinions from so many different people about how the process was supposed to work. All the advice I saw on the various real estate forums and blogs would constantly contradict each other, making  it even harder for me to nail down the “correct” way to move through this process.

Since I struggled with it for a long time, I will save you a ton of hassle and confusion by laying it all out below.

The 4 Stages of Assigning Contracts

Assigning a contract is (in theory) a pretty simple concept.

When an investor (we'll call this the ‘middleman') finds a great real estate deal and signs a Purchase Agreement with the Seller, they have the option ( if their Purchase Agreement contains the right language ) to “assign” (aka – sell) this piece of paper to an outside investor.

When the wholesaler/middleman assigns the Purchase Agreement to the outside investor, they can do it with a simple, 1-page document called an Assignment Agreement . This document legally transfers the original buyer's rights (as written in the original Purchase Agreement) to the new buyer. It also releases the original buyer (i.e. – the “Assignor”) from any liability or obligation and substitutes the new buyer (“Assignee”) in their place.

Essentially, the outside investor is jumping into the shoes of the wholesaler and can purchase the property directly from the Seller, at the same price, at the same terms, with the same deadlines, exactly as the terms were stated in the original Purchase Agreement. The only difference is that it now applies to the new buyer (Assignee) instead of the original buyer (Assignor).

I always find that visual aids are helpful, so here's my best attempt at showing you another representation of how the process works:

Stage 1: Contract Signed between Wholesaler and Seller

Stage 2: Wholesaler Finds an Outside Investor to Buy Under the Terms of the Original Purchase Agreement

Stage 3: Wholesaler Assigns the Contract to the Outside Investor and Gets Paid a Deposit

Stage 4: Seller, Wholesaler, and Outside Investor Close. The Wholesaler is Paid the Balance of the Assignment Fee at Closing.

As you can see, the Wholesaler (Original Buyer or Assignor) is acting as the “middleman” (or middlewoman, in this case), getting paid in the form of an Assignment Fee from the Outside Investor (Assignee).

In the process I follow (which I'm about to explain further), a portion of this payment is made when the Assignment Agreement is signed by both parties (Stage 3 – above), and the remainder is paid when the deal is closed, and the property officially changes hands (Stage 4 – above).

How the Process Works

Over the years, I have heard numerous explanations (all of which were different) about how the wholesaling process is supposed to work.

Most of these explanations only got me  80% there . They never closed the loop on how to get through the closing process, abide by the law, get paid, AND not be a scumbag .

The process outlined below seems to check all of these boxes and get the job done.

Finding the Motivated Seller

I've already thoroughly explained these techniques in several articles throughout this blog. If you aren't sure where to start, you can reference these posts below:

• How I Find Motivated Sellers  –  Step 1 ,  Step 2 ,  Step 3
• How to Create a Buying Website
• Million Dollar Postcard Templates That Work
• How Much Should You Offer For That Property?
• How To Write Offers That Get Accepted (With 3 Simple Pages)
• Everything You Need To Know About Getting Your County's Delinquent Tax List
• The Ultimate Negotiation Technique That Nobody Talks About
• How to Avoid the Guilt Trip When Sending Low Offers
• Understanding the Motivated Seller
• Getting People To Say Yes

Explain Your Intent & Get the Contract Signed (IMPORTANT)

When you start making offers to motivated sellers, your offer must be accompanied by a thorough explanation of what you intend to do .

Assigning a contract is very different than buying a property outright with a traditional closing. The Seller needs to know what you plan to do (because by itself, your Purchase Agreement doesn't imply your intent to assign the contract, it just says that you CAN assign it… and that's not enough guidance for the seller).

If you don't explain your intentions to the Seller, any rational person will get confused (and probably upset) when they see what happens.

It doesn't need to be this way. All it takes is a clear explanation from you so they understand what to expect.

There are a few key points your Seller needs to be aware of:

• You're not planning to buy their property yourself.
• You plan to sell the contract to someone else, and then THEY will buy the property from the Seller.
• You will communicate with the Seller throughout the process (they won't ever be left in the dark), so they know what's happening.
• If you can't find an outside buyer for the property, the contract will expire, and the transaction won't happen .

Given that a wholesale transaction involves a couple of additional steps, it might be tempting to over-complicate this explanation as you're trying to explain things to the Seller. I had this problem when I started wholesaling with assignments.

Avoid Information Overload

It's important to explain all the basics to the seller, but you don't want to bombard them with the information they don't need to know.

Nobody likes to feel confused. Rather than being made to feel stupid, most confused people will just say “No” to save their pride ( even if this arrangement is in their best interests ).

When I explain the process to a potential Seller, it looks something like this:

“Thanks for contacting us! A fter reviewing the details of your property, we would be interested in marketing your property to our nationwide network of real estate investors. For the next 180 days, we would be willing to invest our time and resources to find a cash buyer at no cost to you. If we are able to find a buyer, we will coordinate with you and the buyer to schedule a closing and ensure you are paid the full amount listed in this purchase agreement. You will not incur any costs in this process . We will be compensated by the buyer (which we will find) and when the transaction is closed, you will receive the full sale price stated in the attached purchase agreement. In order to start the process, we will need a signed copy of the attached purchase agreement. In this contract, our company will be listed as the Buyer and our intent will be to assign this contract to another cash buyer in our network.”

To assign your purchase agreement  (as explained above),  you need to ensure your contract contains an “Assignment” clause, allowing you the right to assign the contract to a third party. Without this clause, you will be the only one allowed to close on the purchase, and the rest of this process won't work.

There are many different ways to state this in your contract, but if you need an example, this is what my Assignment clause looks like:

ASSIGNMENT : Buyer has an unqualified right to assign its rights under this contract to a third party. No notice to the Seller of an assignment is necessary. Such an assignment will create a novation and release the original Buyer from this contract and substitute the assignee in its place.

Reminder: Whatever documentation or language you use, you'll want to make sure you run it by an attorney in your area to ensure it's valid and abides by your local, state, and federal laws.

Due Diligence & Property Prospectus Report

Since you're not the actual end-buyer, you don't need to learn every intricate detail about the property you have under contract.

However, you need to know the basic, relevant details about it because you're going to market this thing to the public, to your buyers list (if you have one), and to anyone else who may be a potential cash buyer.

So how much do you need to know?

As a general rule, I try to uncover any potential disasters that would kill a deal if I were buying it outright ( i.e. – what kinds of things would make ME turn and run the other direction? ). I also try to gather enough information to complete a property prospectus report .

What is a property prospectus report? Mine looks something like this…

It's just a single page that lists all of the basic details about the property:

• Listing Price
• Property Address
• Parcel Number
• Legal Description
• Property Size
• Terrain & Surroundings
• Road & Utility Access
• On-Site Photo(s)
• Breakdown of Costs
• Comparable Listings (to give a basis for my asking price)

…and that's pretty much it. Here's a video overview of how I fill it out:

Also see:   One Weird Trick to Find the Size, Shape, Location & Dimensions of Your Property  and  The Fastest Way to Research Any Property in the United States

The goal of this document isn't to inform my cash buyers of every last detail about the property. The point is to give them just enough information to make it obvious that the deal has great potential and huge value (if it's a good deal, this shouldn't be difficult).

That being said, if I do find any big problems in my due diligence process, I'll either walk away from the deal (if I don't think I'll be able to sell it for a profit) or at the very least, I'll be sure to disclose any “Other Issues” that I'm aware of at the bottom of the report.

(Note: If you want a copy of my Prospectus Report template, you can get it at the bottom of this blog post.)

Find the Buyer, Assign the Contract, Collect the Deposit

When you start getting calls and emails from interested buyers, you'll likely find that there are A LOT of tire-kickers out there. People will get your hopes up, only to go AWOL when it's time to sign on the dotted line.

People are extremely flakey , so if someone wants you to take their offer seriously, they'll have to agree to it in writing AND put their money where their mouth is.

When I find an interested buyer, this is how I would communicate the next steps to them:

“ Thanks for your interest in this property! If you'd like to move forward with this purchase, I'll need two things from you: 1. Please sign the attached Assignment Agreement and fax, email, or text it back by 5:00pm today . 2. Please send us a $______ deposit by 5:00pm today  via wire transfer. Note: This property will not be reserved until both items are received. Once both items are received, the property will be reserved in your name and we will contact <<Title Company Name & Location>> to begin the closing process. They will contact you in the next few days and will send you the closing documents and preliminary title report for your review and approval. Our tentative goal is to close this transaction by <<30 days later>>. This means you will need to submit your funds and all the required paperwork to <<Title Company Name>> by (or before) that time. “

When it comes to the earnest deposit , when the total purchase price is $10K – $30K, I'll usually ask for approximately 10% of the total purchase price, and I round it to the nearest $1,000. If the sale price is less than $10K, then $500 is usually sufficient. The idea is just to collect something to show that the buyer is serious and not blowing smoke.

If you're closing with a title company or attorney, this money should be sent to your closing agent, who will disperse it appropriately when the deal closes (or if it falls apart). Your end buyer can either send the funds directly to your closing agent, or they can send the funds to you, and YOU can give it to your closing agent.

Unfortunately, all kinds of obstacles can get in the way of closing ( clouds on title , funding issues, inspection issues, you name it), so you don't want to get too excited about this money until the deal is closed.

Note Regarding the Assignment Agreement

You might find that some people (buyers, sellers, closing agents, etc.) tend to overthink this document simply because they don't have experience with assignments and aren't familiar with how they work.

As I explained above, this is a relatively simple document that takes your rights as the original “Buyer” of the property and transfers them to a third-party (i.e., the new person or entity that has the cash and desire to jump into your shoes and become the actual end buyer of the property).

This video offers a straightforward explanation if you ever encounter an individual who just doesn't get it.

Deliver Documentation to Title Company, Close, Get Paid

Once you have both the Assignment Agreement and the funds required for your deposit, you'll need to deliver the following documentation to your Closing Agent (i.e., Title Company or Closing Attorney):

• A copy of the fully executed Purchase Agreement.
• A copy of the fully executed Assignment Agreement.
• The funds from the end buyer's earnest deposit.

This should be everything they need to prepare the necessary paperwork for all parties to sign and move forward with closing the transaction.

Given that this is a cash deal (with no mortgages or outside financing involved), this shouldn't be a complicated transaction for your closing agent to pull off. That said, I should warn you that not all closing agents are created equal .

When I started trying to assign contracts, I found that some title companies had no idea what they were doing. They acted like I was asking them to move heaven and earth or do something illegal. I found that MANY title companies were particularly incompetent with assigning contracts, which threw a huge wrench in my progress for a long time.

If you run into this dilemma, keep calling around to various title companies or closing attorneys in your area until you find someone who understands what you're talking about. Don't let their ignorance act as an obstacle to your business.

Advantages to Assigning Contracts

When I look back on all the properties I've listed and sold on my behalf, most sold in 6 months or less (assuming they were desirable, usable , priced right , and I was marketing them consistently ).

Whenever a property took longer than six months to sell, it was usually because of one or two issues:

• My assumption about the property's market value was WAY off (and I didn't have the profit margin I thought I would).
• Something was fundamentally wrong with the property (e.g., it didn't perc , it wasn't buildable, the location was terrible, etc.).

As you can imagine – neither of these issues is fun to realize, but whatever the case may have been, I found that when a property sat on the market for more than six months and the sale still hadn't occurred , something big needed to change .

This is one of the huge benefits of assigning a contract. By the time I realized I had made a pricing or due diligence mistake with one of my properties, it was clear that if I could do it all over again, I wouldn't have bought this property at the price I paid for it .

It would have been far better for me to get it under contract and then assign the purchase agreement (if I even could) rather than buy it outright.

As you can imagine, if there's ever something wrong with a property, this problem should stay in the seller's lap instead of mine.

Here are some issues that make me consider wholesaling through an assignment rather than buying a property outright:

• When I'm not very confident about the property's true market value.
• When there are potential problems with the property that I can't get resolved.
• If I don't have the money to invest and buy the property outright.
• The seller isn't willing to lower their asking price to my liking (but it's still a good deal, with enough profit margin to be a good deal for someone else).
• The property isn't local, and I don't want to take on the liability of ownership.

It's important to remember that even when you have money to buy a property, it doesn't necessarily mean you should.

All kinds of menacing issues can come up with any property – and in some cases, these issues can become MAJOR obstacles to selling it.

For many investors, this uncertainty is more than enough reason to stick to wholesaling them with an assignment exclusively.

Drawbacks to Assigning Contracts

While there are a lot of benefits that can come with assigning contracts, there are a few drawbacks you should be aware of as well.

When you intend to assign a contract, you'll have to deal with a few limitations (which may or may not be a problem – depending on what you're trying to do). For example:

• You won't be able to improve the property (because you don't own it, and it's not yours to improve).
• You won't be able to offer seller financing (because you're not the owner, and it's not yours to finance).
• You'll have a shorter window of time to finish the deal (because your contract won't last forever).
• The closing process will require more attention to detail than the simplicity of a cash closing.
• Your buyer MUST be able to pay all cash (because most mortgage lenders aren't willing to deal with the complexities of an assigned contract).

It's also worth noting that some states (like Ohio , for instance) have laws and statutes that essentially   make it illegal to market a property you don't own in your name. It's considered the “brokering of real estate,” if you don't have a real estate license in that state, you could get fined and/or charged with a misdemeanor for working outside of this box.

Even in states where the legality of assigning contracts isn't an issue, it's still a good practice to make it abundantly clear in your listing that you are selling a CONTRACT to purchase the property, not the property itself .

For example, you could include a short paragraph in your listing that reads something like this…

“ This property is available via our Assignment Program. We have entered into a purchase contract with the current owner to buy the property for $________ (this price includes payment to the owner and all associated fees and estimated closing costs) and for an assignment fee of $_______, we will sell our rights in this contract to a third party. A reputable title company and/or attorney will be enlisted to handle the closing and transfer of title.”

With this kind of statement included in your listing, it should be clear to interested parties that  you are not the current owner . You are simply selling a piece of paper that gives you (and, ultimately, your end buyer) the right to purchase the property for a certain price.

When you decide to buy a property outright and flip it (i.e., the old-fashioned way), there are a lot of freedoms you'll have that simply aren't available when you choose to assign the contract.

So, before you swear off buying properties outright, remember that every deal has different considerations you need to think about. Depending on your end goals, these issues may or may not make the property an ideal fit for wholesaling with an assignment.

It's An Ongoing Education

I'll be completely honest; I still don't consider myself an “expert” in wholesaling via assigning contracts  because it isn't been my primary strategy.

On the same coin, I can say that I've been through enough wholesale assignment transactions to know that this process works .

Wholesaling is a great way to make money in real estate, but assigning contracts isn't my primary technique for handling most deals.

That being said, wholesaling is an extremely helpful sidearm at my disposal when I come across deals that don't fit perfectly inside the “cookie-cutter mold” that I like to see (and as you can probably imagine, this happens pretty frequently).

I think it's great for any real estate investor to be familiar and comfortable with this strategy because there are PLENTY of scenarios where assigning the contract is a much better fit than buying a property outright.

Want Access to My Wholesaling Toolbox?

As I mentioned earlier, I spent YEARS of my life trying to nail down the right process and documentation for wholesaling real estate. The ability to pull some huge profits out of properties I didn't even own was a major revelation, and it could be a big deal for you too.

If you want to try your hand at assigning contracts… I've got something I think will help:

• A copy of my Assignment Agreement template
• A copy of my Purchase Agreement (which is fully assignable)
• A copy of my Property Prospectus Report template
• A copy of my Wholesaling Checklist (to walk you through each step of the process)
• Detailed Video Tutorials explaining how to use each document

Again, there's no “magic” to the documents I use. You can easily call up your local attorney, and I'm sure they'd be happy to charge you $600/hour to give you a similar set of documents and instructions.

Go ahead and call them… I'll wait.

It took me a long time and a lot of tedious conversations with various legal pros to fine-tune this product. These docs were designed to be both simple and user-friendly, all while including all of the pertinent details I needed to see in my wholesale deals.

My goal was to AVOID confusing Buyers, Sellers, and Closing Agents about how this process works and to give myself the freedom I needed to feel comfortable doing these types of transactions. Over time, I've found that these attributes went a long way in getting these deals done. If you’re serious about adding wholesaling to your growing repertoire of real estate investing strategies – the opportunity is sitting right in front of you.

When you consider how many more deals you'll be able to do, the risk you'll be able to avoid, and the amount of money you'll be able to make here (all while investing none of your cash), this information is easily worth 50x than the price tag I'm putting on it – I'm not exaggerating .

Note: When you sign up as an REtipster Email Subscriber , I’ll send you an instant $20 off “Discount Code” for this item, and if you enroll in the Land Investing Masterclass , you'll get access to this item for FREE. There's no pressure – I just want to make sure you're aware.

About the author

Seth Williams

Seth Williams is the Founder of REtipster.com - an online community that offers real-world guidance for real estate investors.

Related articles

015: maggie found early success with house wholesaling – how did she do it, 098: how luis mastered assignments and double closings on land deals, 085: how the modern rules of house wholesaling have changed, 054: karl made six figures last year as a land investor assigning contracts. here’s how he did it…, discover the retipster club.

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Assignment of a Purchase and Sale Agreement for a New House or Condominium Unit

From: Canada Revenue Agency

Effective May 7, 2022, all assignment sales in respect of newly constructed or substantially renovated residential housing are taxable for GST/HST purposes. This publication will be updated to reflect this legislative change. For more information about the legislative amendment, refer to  GST/HST Notice 323, Proposed GST/HST Treatment of Assignment Sales .

GST/HST Info Sheet GI-120 July 2011

This info sheet explains how the GST/HST applies to the assignment of a purchase and sale agreement for the construction and sale of a new house.

The term "new house" used in this info sheet refers to a newly constructed or substantially renovated house or condominium unit. A house that has been substantially renovated is generally given the same treatment under the GST/HST as a newly constructed house. Extensive modifications must be made to a previously occupied house in order to meet the definition of a "substantial renovation" for GST/HST purposes. For a full explanation of the factors to consider in deciding if a substantial renovation has taken place, refer to GST/HST Technical Information Bulletin B-092, Substantial Renovations and the GST/HST New Housing Rebate .

In this publication, a house includes a single unit house, a semi detached house, a duplex, a rowhouse unit and a residential condominium unit (condo unit), but does not include a mobile home or floating home.

Where a person enters into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder for the construction and sale of a new house, the person may be entitled to assign their rights and obligations under the agreement to another person (an assignee). Generally, the result of the assignment is that the purchase and sale agreement is then between the builder and the assignee.

This publication addresses the situation where

• a purchaser (referred to as the first purchaser) enters into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder (Builder A) for the construction and sale of a new house, and
• the first purchaser subsequently assigns the agreement to an assignee (referred to as the assignee purchaser) before Builder A transfers possession or ownership of the house to the first purchaser and before any individual has occupied the house as a place of residence or lodging.

Generally, upon entering into an agreement for the construction and sale of a new house, the first purchaser is considered to have acquired an interest in the house. For GST/HST purposes, the assignment of the agreement to the assignee purchaser is normally considered to be a sale of the first purchaser's interest in the new house. The sale of an interest in a new house is generally taxable where the person selling the interest is a builder of the house.

For GST/HST purposes, the term "builder" is specifically defined and is not limited to a person who physically constructs a house. There are several instances in which an individual or other person is a builder for GST/HST purposes. For more information on persons who are included in the definition of "builder", refer to GST/HST Memorandum 19.2, Residential Real Property .

This info sheet addresses only whether a person is a builder as described in the following paragraph.

Primary purpose: selling the house or an interest in the house or leasing the house in certain circumstances

A builder includes a person who acquires an interest in a new house before it has been occupied by an individual as a place of residence or lodging for the primary purpose of selling the house or an interest in the house or leasing the house, other than to an individual who is acquiring the house otherwise than in the course of a business or adventure or concern in the nature of trade. When that person is an individual, the individual must acquire the interest in the course of a business or an adventure or concern in the nature of trade in order to be a builder described by this paragraph.

Even if a person is not a builder as described in the preceding paragraph, the person may be a builder based on one of the other definitions of the term as described in GST/HST Memorandum 19.2.

Assignment of a purchase and sale agreement by a person other than an individual

Where a person other than an individual (e.g., a corporation) is a builder as described in the section "Primary purpose: selling the house or an interest in the house or leasing the house in certain circumstances" and the person assigns a purchase and sale agreement for a new house, the person's sale of the interest in the house is subject to the GST/HST whether the sale takes place in the course of a business, an adventure or concern in the nature of trade, or otherwise.

Assignment of a purchase and sale agreement by an individual

If an individual enters into a purchase and sale agreement for one of the primary purposes described in the section "Primary purpose: selling the house or an interest in the house or leasing the house in certain circumstances", the sale of the interest in the house (or the house itself) is normally considered to be made in the course of an adventure or concern in the nature of trade or, depending on all of the surrounding circumstances, in the course of a business. If it is established that an individual is selling an interest in a new house in the course of a business or adventure or concern in the nature of trade, the individual is considered to have entered into the purchase and sale agreement for the primary purpose of selling the house or an interest in the house.

Whether the activity of acquiring an interest in a house, as a result of entering into a purchase and sale agreement, is done in the course of a business or an adventure or concern in the nature of trade is a question of fact. For more information on how to determine whether an activity is done in the course of a business or an adventure or concern in the nature of trade, refer to Appendix C of GST/HST Memorandum 19.5, Land and Associated Real Property .

Factors in determining the primary purpose

All of the relevant factors surrounding entering into a purchase and sale agreement should be considered in determining the primary purpose for a person's acquisition of an interest in a new house.

The following factors may indicate that, for GST/HST purposes, a person entered into a purchase and sale agreement for the primary purpose of selling an interest in the new house or the house itself. The factors are not listed in any particular order and there is no intent to weigh one more heavily than another.

• The person offers to sell their interest in the house or takes other actions to attract buyers before, or while, the house is under construction.
• The person finances the purchase of the house by a short-term mortgage, or an open mortgage that can be paid off without penalty, rather than by a long-term or closed mortgage.
• Financing of the house is beyond the person's means and that person is relying on the increased value and saleability of the house, or an interest in the house, in a rising housing market.
• The person is an individual and their stated intention to occupy the house as a place of residence is not supported by the circumstances of the case. For example, an individual has a family of four and enters into a purchase and sale agreement for a one-bedroom condo unit where they are not contemplating any changes in family circumstances.
• The person's pattern of activity is such that their occupancy of the house does not have the qualities or characteristics of being permanent. For example, the person purchases more than one house at or around the same time. This factor may be given extra weight where the person has previously entered into a purchase and sale agreement for purposes of selling the house or an interest in the house. There are no outward indicators to support a contrary primary intention (i.e., an intention contrary to an intention of resale). For example, an individual is selling a condo unit, one or more of the above factors are present, there are no physical actions or evidence that the individual's primary intention was to live in the condo unit, use it as a vacation home, or rent it to another individual for use as their place of residence, and no evidence that the sale of the condo unit was triggered by some unforeseen event.

In order for the acquisition of an interest in a new house to be for one of the primary purposes described in the section "Primary purpose: selling the house or an interest in the house or leasing the house in certain circumstances", the intention to sell the house or an interest in it, or to lease the house in the manner described in that section, must have existed at the time of acquiring the interest. Nonetheless, the intention at the time of acquisition may be demonstrated over a period of time.

If an individual acquired an interest in the house for the primary purpose of using it as a place of residence, the person is not considered to be a builder of the type described in this info sheet even if, at a later point in time, the person sells the house or an interest in the house. However, the person may still be a builder if the person meets one of the other definitions of that term as described in GST/HST Memorandum 19.2.

The following examples illustrate when a person may or may not be a builder of a new house.

Sarah, Francine, and Angela are roommates renting a three-bedroom house. They entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder in January 2010 for a one-bedroom condo unit in a new condominium complex that was to be built. The purchase price under the agreement was $300,000 and the closing date was July 31, 2013.

In March 2011, the fair market value of the new condo unit had increased by 50%. They entertained several offers for the sale of their interest in the condo unit before assigning it to James. No individual had occupied the condo unit as a place of residence or lodging when they sold their interest in the unit. They split the proceeds, which they each used as a down payment to buy their own homes.

As it would not be practical for the three individuals to live in the condo unit together, they considered several offers for their interest in the unit, and there are no indicators to support a contrary intention, Sarah, Francine and Angela are considered to have acquired their interest in the condo unit for the primary purpose of selling the unit or an interest in it. The sale is considered to be made in the course of a business or adventure or concern in the nature of trade. Accordingly, Sarah, Francine, and Angela are all builders of the condo unit for GST/HST purposes. As they are builders of the unit and the sale of their interest in the unit is not exempt, GST/HST applies to the sale of each of their interests.

Pascal and Chantal own a four-bedroom house where they live with their three children. This is the only home they have ever owned and lived in. They have never purchased any other real property.

In June 2009, they entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder for a 1-bedroom condo unit in a new high-rise condominium complex that was to be built. The purchase price under the agreement was $275,000 and the closing date was June 30, 2010. In May 2010, they sold their interest in the new condo unit for $400,000 before it had been occupied by any individual as a place of residence or lodging. They used the sale proceeds to build an addition to their current home.

Although Pascal and Chantal have no history of buying and selling real property, it would not be practical for their family of five to occupy the condo unit as their place of residence. Lacking evidence to support a contrary intention, their primary purpose in acquiring the interest in the condo unit is considered to be for the purpose of selling the condo unit or an interest in it in the course of a business or an adventure or concern in the nature of trade. Accordingly, they are builders of the new condo unit for GST/HST purposes. As the sale of their interest in the unit is not exempt, GST/HST applies to the sale of their interest.

Eric and Gina owned a 3-bedroom house where they lived with their 3 children. They entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder in October 2010 to purchase a new 4-bedroom house that was to be built. They intended to use the new house as their primary place of residence as it was located much closer to the children's school and to Eric and Gina's workplaces and had more space. The closing date is July 31, 2011.

Eric and Gina sold their current home in January 2011 and moved into a rented home they planned to live in until their new house was ready. However, in June 2011, Gina's mother became ill and moved in with them as she was no longer able to live on her own.

Eric and Gina decided that the new house would no longer be large enough and that they would now need a house with a granny suite. They sold their interest in the new 4-bedroom house so that they could buy a bigger home that would suit their changed needs.

Eric and Gina's sale of their original home and temporary move to a rented house during the construction of the new home and their choice to purchase a home located closer to school and work support that their intention in acquiring the interest in the new house was to use the house as their primary place of residence. Given this, and the fact that their only reason for selling the interest was due to a change in personal circumstance (i.e., the new house would no longer accommodate their family's needs), they are not considered to have acquired the interest in the house for the primary purpose of selling it. Accordingly, they are not builders of the new house for GST/HST purposes and the sale of their interest in the house is exempt.

Cindy entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder in November 2010 for a new house that was to be built. She intended to use the house as her primary place of residence. Her new home would be located within walking distance from her workplace and would be closer to her family than the apartment she is currently renting. The closing date for the purchase is September 30, 2011.

In July 2011, Cindy's employer announced that it was relocating to another city located three hours away. To keep her current job, Cindy had to move to that city. She sold her interest in the house to John.

Since Cindy had intended to use the house as her primary place of residence and her only reason for selling her interest in the house was due to work relocation, she did not acquire the interest in the house for the primary purpose of selling it. Therefore she is not a builder of the house for GST/HST purposes and the sale of her interest in the house is exempt.

Assignment fees

The consideration charged for the sale of an interest in a house generally includes amounts that a person paid to a builder (e.g., a deposit) and that the person wants to recover when assigning their interest in the house. The sale price for the interest may also include a profit, i.e., an amount over and above amounts the person had paid to the builder. If a person's sale of their interest to an assignee purchaser is taxable, the total amount payable for the sale of the interest is subject to GST/HST, including any amount the person paid as a deposit to the builder, whether or not such an amount is separately identified.

A first purchaser enters into a purchase and sale agreement for a new house with a builder (Builder A) and pays a deposit of $10,000 at that time. The first purchaser does not make any further payments to Builder A. The first purchaser subsequently assigns the agreement to an assignee purchaser for $15,000. If the sale of the interest in the house from the first purchaser to the assignee purchaser is subject to GST/HST, tax applies to the full $15,000. This is the case even if the assignment agreement identifies that the $10,000 is a recovery of the deposit that the first purchaser paid to Builder A.

The assignment of a purchase and sale agreement for a new house may be subject to the approval of the builder with whom the first purchaser originally entered into the agreement to construct and sell the new house. The agreement may list conditions related to the first purchaser's right to assign the agreement to an assignee purchaser and, in many cases, the builder charges a fee to the first purchaser for the assignment of the agreement to another person.

The fee charged by the builder in such circumstances is generally subject to the GST/HST.

Eligibility for a GST/HST new housing rebate and provincial new housing rebate (where applicable) where a purchase and sale agreement is assigned

The GST/HST new housing rebate, and where applicable, a provincial new housing rebate, may be available for a new house purchased from a builder and for owner-built new housing. Guide RC4028, GST/HST New Housing Rebate , sets out the eligibility criteria for both types of GST/HST new housing rebates and provincial new housing rebates.

If the first purchaser (the assignor) makes a taxable sale of an interest in a house, i.e., the first purchaser is a builder and assigns the purchase and sale agreement to an assignee purchaser, the first purchaser would not be eligible for either a GST/HST new housing rebate or provincial new housing rebate as they did not acquire the house for use as their primary place of residence. Even if the sale of the interest in the house by the first purchaser is not subject to GST/HST (i.e., in situations where the first purchaser is not a builder of the house), the first purchaser would generally not be eligible for either a GST/HST new housing rebate or a provincial new housing rebate as the conditions for claiming the rebates are not met (e.g., ownership of the house would not transfer to the first purchaser, but to the assignee purchaser).

The assignee purchaser, if an individual, may be eligible for a GST/HST new housing rebate, and where applicable a provincial new housing rebate, where the assignee purchaser receives an assignment of a purchase and sale agreement for a new house. The assignee purchaser would have to meet the eligibility conditions for the rebates as set out in Guide RC4028.

Where a purchase and sale agreement for a new house is assigned, there may be two builders of the house – the original builder (Builder A) and the first purchaser (the assignor). If that is the case, an assignee purchaser would generally have to pay the GST/HST to Builder A for the purchase of the new house and to the first purchaser for the purchase of the interest in the new house.

Claiming a GST/HST new housing rebate when there is more than one builder

In some cases, the builder of a new house pays or credits the amount of the GST/HST new housing rebate, and where applicable, a provincial new housing rebate, to the purchaser of the house. In this case, the builder credits the amount of the new housing rebates to the purchaser by reducing the total amount payable for the purchase of the house by the amount of the expected rebates.

Where this happens, the purchaser and the builder have to sign Form GST190, GST/HST New Housing Rebate Application for Houses Purchased from a Builder , and the builder has to send the form to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). As the purchaser receives the amount of the rebate from the builder, the builder may claim the amount as a credit against its net tax when it files its GST/HST return.

Only one new housing rebate application can be made for each new house. Therefore, an assignee purchaser cannot submit a rebate application through a builder (Builder A) for the tax paid to Builder A on the purchase of the house and submit a second rebate application through the first purchaser (the assignor), or directly to the CRA, for the tax paid to the first purchaser on the purchase of the interest in the house.

In such cases, the assignee purchaser may want to file their new housing rebate application directly with the CRA rather than through Builder A. In this way, the assignee purchaser can include in the new housing rebate application the tax paid to Builder A and the tax paid to the assignor in determining the amount of their GST/HST new housing rebate and, where applicable, a provincial new housing rebate.

This info sheet does not replace the law found in the Excise Tax Act (the Act) and its regulations. It is provided for your reference. As it may not completely address your particular operation, you may wish to refer to the Act or appropriate regulation, or contact any CRA GST/HST rulings office for additional information. A ruling should be requested for certainty in respect of any particular GST/HST matter. Pamphlet RC4405, GST/HST Rulings – Experts in GST/HST Legislation explains how to obtain a ruling and lists the GST/HST rulings offices. If you wish to make a technical enquiry on the GST/HST by telephone, please call 1-800-959-8287.

Reference in this publication is made to supplies that are subject to the GST or the HST. The HST applies in the participating provinces at the following rates: 13% in Ontario, New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador, 15% in Nova Scotia, and 12% in British Columbia. The GST applies in the rest of Canada at the rate of 5%. If you are uncertain as to whether a supply is made in a participating province, you may refer to GST/HST Technical Information Bulletin B-103, Harmonized Sales Tax – Place of Supply Rules for Determining Whether a Supply is Made in a Province .

If you are located in Quebec and wish to make a technical enquiry or request a ruling related to the GST/HST, please contact Revenu Québec at 1-800-567-4692. You may also visit the Revenu Québec Web site to obtain general information.

All technical publications related to GST/HST are available on the CRA Web site at www.cra.gc.ca/gsthsttech .

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Nebraska coach’s new contract structured to help him buy horse

• Updated: May. 30, 2024, 1:27 p.m. |
• Published: May. 30, 2024, 1:18 p.m.

Nebraska NCAA college volleyball head coach John Cook speaks during a pep rally at Nebraska Coliseum in Lincoln, Neb., Wednesday, Aug. 30, 2023. An attendance record of global proportions could be set Wednesday night when the University of Nebraska hosts a celebration of volleyball at Memorial Stadium. (AP Photo/Eric Olson) AP

• Kyle Austin | [email protected]

When it was time for Nebraska volleyball coach John Cook to negotiate a new contract this offseason, he went to see a man about a horse.

Cook, a four-time national champion coach of the Cornhuskers, structured his contract in a way to help a unique request.

Cook plans to buy a horse this summer, and his new deal will pay him a $70,000 bonus on July 1 that the coach has specifically earmarked for the horse.

The horse, called No. 415, was born and bred at the Pitzer Ranch in Ericson, Nebraska and is a “once-in-a-lifetime performance horse,” according to Cook. He said he worked with Nebraska athletic director Troy Dannen to structure his contract to allow him to buy the horse.

“Troy loved the idea and while they couldn’t specifically write that into the contract, the retention bonus will be used for No. 415,” Cook said in a school release. “I am honored that Troy was supportive of my idea and it means a lot to me.”

Cook said he opted for the up-front retention bonus to purchase the horse in lieu of an escalating salary. The new contract will raise his salary to $825,000 annually and runs through Jan. 31, 2029.

Cook has been Nebraska’s coach since 2000, with four NCAA championships and 11 NCAA semifinals appearances. The Cornhuskers went 33-2 last season and reached the NCAA finals.

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Jorge Lopez contract: Breaking down pitcher's salary details as Mets DFA reliever following outburst

J orge Lopez got ejected from the game on Wednesday and reacted very poorly, which cost him his job as he was designated for assignment. Prior to that, he had been under contract with the New York Mets , albeit for just one season.

Lopez was once a top reliever in the sport, but he was only signed by the Mets on a one-year, $2 million deal. It was all guaranteed and moved his career earnings to over $9 million.

Since it was guaranteed, Jorge Lopez earned that $2 million but he no longer has a job. He will presumably clear waivers in a few days and be eligible to sign a new contract with any team that wants him.

Jorge Lopez has no regrets over glove incident

Jorge Lopez was ejected in the ninth inning of the New York Mets' 10-3 loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers . He responded by chirping at everyone he passed and throwing his glove into the stands. The Mets responded by DFAing him.

Before that, he was asked by reporters in the locker room how he felt about his actions. He answered via ESPN:

"No, I don't regret it. I think I have been on the worst team in probably the whole f*****g MLB. You know so whatever happened happens. So, whatever they want to do, I will be tomorrow here if they want me, whatever they want to do."

Lopez called the inciting incident a "misunderstanding," adding:

"Just something out of emotions. I just don't give a f**k [about] anything."

The Mets have endured a very tough stretch of play. It's been a disappointing season all year long. Manager Carlos Mendoza understands that, but did not give Lopez a pass post-game:

"Whenever you're going through a stretch like this, you want to see some emotions from players, anybody in here. But what we saw today out of Lopey, that's not acceptable. And we will address that internally here."

The Mets internally addressed it by removing Lopez from their active roster a few hours after the game concluded.

Nebraska volleyball coach John Cook's new contract is designed to help him buy a horse

Nebraska women's volleyball coach John Cook is one of the best coaches in the sport. His new contract comes with a raise but also something you wouldn't expect to see: money that will go toward helping him buy a horse.

Nebraska announced Wednesday that Cook had signed a new five-year contract that will run through Jan. 31, 2029. Cook's annual salary will be $825,000 − a $75,000 annual increase − and he is eligible to receive bonuses if his program reaches certain levels of athletic achievement. The contract also includes a deferred compensation agreement. In addition, he'll get a $70,000 retention bonus on July 1, 2024.

Including the $1 million deferred compensation deal, Cook will have a contract that has an average annual value of just over $1 million.

The retention bonus will be used to help Cook get a horse.

"When (athetic director) Troy (Dannen) and I talked about my contract, I proposed that instead of an annual escalating salary that some coaches do, it would mean a great deal to me if the Nebraska athletic department would consider supporting me in purchasing a horse out in central Nebraska that I've had my eye on," Cook said in a statement.

Cook added the horse, called No. 415, was born and bred at the Pitzer Ranch in Ericson, Nebraska, and is a "once-in-a-lifetime performance horse."

"Troy loved the idea and while they couldn't specifically write that into the contract, the retention bonus will be used for No. 415. I am honored that Troy was supportive of my idea and it means a lot to me," Cook said.

It seems like a small price to pay for one of the most successful coaches in women's volleyball.

Since Cook took over in 2000, Nebraska has won four NCAA championships, 13 conference titles and has the best winning percentage. Cornhuskers fans broke the national and world attendance record for any women's sporting event in August when 92,003 people packed into the football team's Memorial Stadium for "Volleyball Day," when the team played the Omaha Mavericks.

This past season, the Cornhuskers went 33-2 and lost to Texas in the national championship game. The team opens the 2024 season on Aug. 30 against Texas A&M-Corpus Christi.

Cook will be trying to win another national championship. But might he become an award-winning horse owner, too?

Contributing: Steve Berkowitz