a mphil phd

• Key Differences

Know the Differences & Comparisons

Difference Between M.Phil. and Ph.D.

On the other hand, M.Phil. , i.e. Master of Philosophy , is only a post-graduate degree, which is both research-based and has a syllabus too, for the coursework. In this article, you will find a complete description of the differences between M.Phil. and Ph.D.

Content: M.Phil. Vs Ph.D.

Comparison chart.

M.Phil. Programme

M.Phil. or otherwise called as Master of Philosophy is a postgraduate degree based on advanced academic research work, offered by the University. It is also considered as a second degree or intermediate degree programme between post-graduate degree and doctorate.

The total duration of the programme is two years, of which one year is coursework, followed by dissertation work, in which the learner has to refer to the research performed by the other scholars and look for latest research on the respective subject, to recreate it. The evaluation of the dissertation is done by the internal supervisor and external examiner, which will lead to viva-voce. Once the candidate qualifies the viva-voce, he/she is awarded the degree of M.Phil.

Before the final submission of the dissertation, the student has to give a seminar presentation on the research work performed.

Ph.D. Programme

PhD expands to Doctor of Philosophy, is the topmost degree awarded by any university to its scholars, who have completed their original research, in the topic or field selected. It prepares the postgraduate students for faculty and research positions at universities.

To get admission to this programme, first of all, the aspirant has to qualify certain entrance exam, in their respective subject opted for pursuing Ph.D., such as NET, GATE or similar another equivalent exam. After which he/she has to choose the University for admission to the programme, then one year of coursework needs to be completed, prior to the confirmation of PhD registration. After that they become eligible for the submission of the thesis, after two years from the date registration is confirmed.

By the end of the first year of the programme, the scholar needs to consult with the supervisor, regarding the identification, preparation and submission of the synopsis. The topic of the research work must be an approved one.

Once the thesis is complete under the guidance of the supervisor, the scholar has to give two seminar presentations, followed by the submission of the thesis, to the relevant committee. Next, the thesis will then be sent to the examiner for the purpose of evaluation. If the examiners so appointed recommend the acceptance of the degree, then the thesis needs to be published in the research journal.

After publishing it, the candidate is required to defend the thesis in the viva-voce, in front of the panel of examiners. On the successful completion of the viva, the scholar is recommended for awarding the degree.

Key Differences Between M.Phil. And Ph.D.

The difference between M.Phil and PhD can be drawn clearly on the following grounds:

• M.Phil. is described as a second master’s degree course, that is pursued by the students to gain full-fledged knowledge on the subject and also provides a platform for advanced research. In contrast, Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as PhD is a professional degree course, that allows the degree holder to get a faculty position and teach the respective subject at the university level, or work in that field.
• The m.phil programme is a two years course, whereas the minimum time duration to complete PhD is three years but the time can extend depending on the submission and acceptance of the thesis.
• While stipend is not paid in M.Phil., in PhD fellowship is awarded to the student as a stipend, for conducting research work.
• In M.Phil. programme, the course includes research basics. Conversely, in the PhD programme, the students are required to produce their own original work and perform research in a particular field.
• The programme structure of M.Phil. has two components, i.e. coursework and the dissertation work which is performed under the guidance of the expert. On the contrary, PhD programme encompasses the coursework, for one year, followed by thesis work under the guidance of the expert supervisor.

At the end of the discussion, it can be said that M.Phil. is a less advanced research degree as compared to Ph.D., because in M.Phil. The student can read a model research paper and go through the latest researches made on the subject to recreate it. But, in case of PhD, the research work moves around the concept of creating something new and original to the subject, for which continuous experiment and studies is to be performed by the student, under the guidance of the supervisor.

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MPhil vs. PhD

What's the difference.

MPhil (Master of Philosophy) and PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) are both advanced degrees that require extensive research and academic work. However, there are some key differences between the two. MPhil is typically a two-year program that focuses on developing research skills and knowledge in a specific field. It involves coursework and a research project, but the level of originality and depth required is generally lower than that of a PhD. On the other hand, a PhD is a more rigorous and in-depth program that usually takes around four to six years to complete. It requires a significant contribution to the existing knowledge in the field through original research, culminating in a doctoral thesis. A PhD is considered the highest academic degree and is often a prerequisite for a career in academia or research.

Further Detail

Introduction.

When it comes to pursuing advanced degrees, two popular options that often come up are the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Both degrees are highly regarded and can open doors to various career opportunities in academia, research, and industry. While MPhil and PhD share some similarities, they also have distinct attributes that set them apart. In this article, we will explore the key differences and similarities between MPhil and PhD programs.

Duration and Scope

One of the primary differences between MPhil and PhD programs lies in their duration and scope. Typically, an MPhil program is shorter in duration, ranging from one to two years, while a PhD program is more extensive and can take anywhere from three to five years to complete. The scope of an MPhil program is usually narrower, focusing on a specific research topic or area, whereas a PhD program requires a more comprehensive and in-depth research project that contributes to the existing body of knowledge in a particular field.

Research Emphasis

Both MPhil and PhD programs place a strong emphasis on research, but the level of research required differs significantly. In an MPhil program, the research component is less extensive, and students are expected to demonstrate a good understanding of existing literature and theories related to their chosen topic. On the other hand, a PhD program demands original research that makes a significant contribution to the field. PhD candidates are expected to conduct independent and groundbreaking research, often pushing the boundaries of knowledge in their respective disciplines.

Admission Requirements

When it comes to admission requirements, MPhil and PhD programs often have similar prerequisites. Both degrees typically require a bachelor's degree in a relevant field, along with strong academic performance and letters of recommendation. However, PhD programs tend to have more stringent admission criteria, including a higher GPA requirement and a more competitive selection process. Additionally, PhD applicants are often expected to submit a research proposal outlining their intended research topic and methodology, demonstrating their ability to undertake independent research.

Coursework and Training

Another distinction between MPhil and PhD programs lies in the coursework and training components. MPhil programs generally involve a combination of coursework and a research project, with a greater emphasis on coursework in the early stages. This coursework helps students develop a solid foundation in their field of study and provides them with the necessary theoretical knowledge and research skills. In contrast, PhD programs typically have a more limited coursework requirement, allowing students to focus primarily on their research project. The emphasis is on independent study and the development of advanced research skills.

Supervision and Mentorship

Both MPhil and PhD students benefit from supervision and mentorship, but the level of guidance and support may vary. In MPhil programs, students often work closely with a supervisor who provides guidance throughout the research process. The supervisor helps refine the research topic, offers feedback on the progress, and assists in the preparation of the final thesis. In PhD programs, while students also have a supervisor, the relationship is typically more independent. PhD candidates are expected to take more ownership of their research project and demonstrate a higher level of autonomy. However, they still receive guidance and mentorship from their supervisor, who plays a crucial role in shaping the research direction.

Thesis and Examination

Both MPhil and PhD programs culminate in the submission and defense of a thesis, but the expectations and examination processes differ. In an MPhil program, the thesis is usually shorter and focuses on summarizing and analyzing existing research in the field. The examination process often involves a presentation and a viva voce, where the student defends their work in front of a panel of examiners. In contrast, a PhD thesis is more extensive and requires original research. The examination process for a PhD typically involves a comprehensive defense of the thesis, where the candidate must demonstrate the novelty, significance, and rigor of their research. This defense is often open to the public and can be a rigorous and challenging experience.

Career Opportunities

Both MPhil and PhD degrees can lead to exciting career opportunities, but the paths may differ. An MPhil degree is often seen as a stepping stone towards a PhD or as a qualification for certain research or teaching positions. It can also be valuable for individuals seeking specialized knowledge in a particular field without committing to a more extensive research project. On the other hand, a PhD degree is highly regarded and opens doors to a wide range of career options. PhD holders often pursue academic careers as professors or researchers, but they are also sought after in industry, government, and non-profit sectors for their expertise, critical thinking skills, and ability to conduct advanced research.

In summary, while both MPhil and PhD degrees involve advanced research and contribute to the knowledge base of a particular field, they differ in terms of duration, scope, research emphasis, admission requirements, coursework, supervision, thesis expectations, and career opportunities. MPhil programs are generally shorter and have a narrower focus, while PhD programs are more extensive and demand original research. The decision between pursuing an MPhil or a PhD ultimately depends on an individual's career goals, research interests, and level of commitment to conducting independent research. Regardless of the path chosen, both degrees offer valuable opportunities for personal and professional growth.

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• What Is an MPhil? – A Complete Guide
• Types of Doctorates

What Is an MPhil?

‘MPhil’ stands for ‘ Master of Philosophy ’ and is an advance postgraduate research degree.

Although the degree is technically classed as a Masters, in reality, it sits close to a Doctorate. This is because an MPhil goes beyond the traditional taught Master’s degree by placing emphasis on independent research and a more-targeted topic.

There are usually two reasons you would undertake an MPhil. First, you may wish to learn new research skills to open up new career opportunities. Second, you may want to do a PhD and so first enrol onto an MPhil, either as a compulsory requirement or under your own free choice, to first gain some research experience and doctoral training.

As these two decisions have different end-goals, an MPhil can either be carried out in one of two ways. It can either be undertaken as a stand-alone research degree or one integrated with a PhD .

What Does an MPhil Involve?

What you do as an MPhil student will be similar to that of a PhD student, but to a limited extent and in a shorter time period.

For example, you’ll be required to undertake an investigation around a subject area you have a research interest in. As part of this, you will have to evaluate concepts, understand suitable research methods, use published research and demonstrate an understanding of theoretical and analytical studies.

As part of your degree, you will also be expected to produce a thesis. The length of the thesis differs between universities but is typically around 50,000 words. Although your thesis isn’t expected to provide original research, it will need to provide an original insight or evaluation. It must show you understand the core activities of research work such as the ability to appraise literature, evaluate methods and identify potential limitations.

Besides a thesis, you’ll also be required to defend your work in an oral examination. Like a PhD, this examination is known as a viva voce and is conducted with an interview panel.

As MPhils are research degrees, there are no taught components such as classes, coursework or assessments. The exception to this is for MPhils offered by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

MPhils at Oxford and Cambridge

The key difference with the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge is that their MPhils can be a research degree, a taught degree or a mixture of the two.

The MPhils offered at the University of Oxford comprise two parts, each lasting a year. The first part is a taught component while the second is researched-based. Besides this, you will need to sit several assessments for the taught component.

The University of Cambridge offers two types of MPhils . The first is an ‘MPhil by Advanced Study’, and the second is an ‘MPhil by Thesis’. The MPhil by Advanced Study comprises taught components similar to that of the University of Oxford. The MPhil by Thesis is a research-only degree and is therefore similar to the traditional MPhils offered by other universities.

Transferring from an MPhil to a PhD

In the UK, if you’re accepted into a PhD programme, it’s common for you to first be registered for an MPhil. At the end of your first year, your academic supervisor will evaluate whether you have made adequate progress and shown the traits of a competent researcher. This is assessed through a write-up of your study and an oral examination. In some cases, you’ll also be required to produce a detailed action plan detailing how you intend to tackle the rest of your project.

Should you succeed, your registration will be upgraded to a PhD.

The reason a research student is first registered for an MPhil is for screening their suitability and introducing them to the type of work they will undertake in their PhD. This is because an MPhil provides a foundation for developing an individual’s research skills and providing them with specialist knowledge in their research topic.

Transferring from a PhD to an MPhil

Similar to how an MPhil can be upgraded to a PhD, the reverse is also true – a PhD can be ‘downgraded’ to an MPhil.

This usually occurs under one of the following circumstances:

• You may complete the first two years of your PhD, but after careful consideration decide it is not for you.
• Due to unforeseen circumstances or extenuating personal reasons, you may no longer be able to continue with your studies.
• The outcome of your PhD viva and subsequent thesis re-submissions is unsuccessful. You can read more about viva outcomes in our Viva Guide.

In all of the above cases, you would still need to prove that the work you have carried out to date meets the requirements of an MPhil. Should you not have much work to show, or should it be of unsatisfactory quality, you will not be considered for an MPhil either.

How Long Does an MPhil Take?

An MPhil can be undertaken either full-time or part-time.

If studying full time, a stand-alone MPhil degree will usually take two years. This extends to four years if studying part-time.

If you’re undertaking an MPhil as an initial registration for a PhD, these durations typically halve. However, remember that if you pass your initial registration period, your course will be upgraded to a PhD rather than you being awarded an MPhil.

How Much Does an MPhil Cost?

Your course fees will depend on your subject field, your mode of study, i.e. part-time or full-time and where you’re from.

For home and EU students, the average tuition fee for an MPhil is approximately:

• Full-time: £4,712 per academic year
• Part-time: £2,356 per academic year

For international students, the average tuition fee for an MPhil can vary between:

• Full-time: £14,000 – £18,000 per academic year
• Part-time: £7,000 – £9,000 per academic year

What Funding Opportunities Exist for an MPhil?

A government loan can be used to fund your studies. If you are undertaking a stand-alone MPhil, you will need to apply to a Postgraduate Master’s Loan . On the other hand, if you are applying to a PhD degree but first have to register as an MPhil student, you will need to apply for a Doctoral Loan . Both loans will cover your tuition fees, living costs and travelling expenses.

Additionally, you can also apply to scholarships offered by your department or university. Competition for these are fierce as, unlike government loans, they do not need to be repaid. Therefore, this is a popular source of funding.

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What Are the Typical Entry Requirements for an MPhil?

The typical requirement for an MPhil is a Bachelor’s degree with first-class honours (1st) or upper second class honours (2:1).

Although most universities won’t require a Masters for a stand-alone MPhil, they may if your MPhil registration is for a PhD programme.

Besides suitable qualifications, most MPhils also require a research proposal with your application. This is to show your potential supervisor that you understand the field and have thought about the aims and expected outcomes of your research project.

English Language Requirement

If you are an international student and from a country whose primary language isn’t English, you’re likely to need to sit an English language proficiency test.

You will need to check the requirements for each project you are interested in as the requirements will differ for each university. However, as a guide, the typical requirement for MPhils is a minimum overall IELTS score of 6.5 with at least 6.0 in each category.

Remember that although IELTS is the most common English language test, it is only one of several which are accepted by UK universities.

Life After an MPhil

Having successfully completed a Master of Philosophy, you will no doubt have developed specialised and highly marketable skills . Some of these skills include problem-solving, critical thinking and the ability to form, evaluate and defend ideas.

This will make you favourable amongst employers in analytical and research-based fields. It will also give you a competitive edge over those who don’t have an advanced postgraduate qualification.

Although with suitable experience it’s possible to pursue a career in higher education or advance research, most employers will prioritise applicants who have a PhD and relevant experience. Therefore, if you aspire to a career in academia or complex research, consider whether a PhD would be more beneficial for you.

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What is an MPhil Degree? Master of Philosophy explained vs Doctor of Philosophy

Welcome to our comprehensive blog about the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree.

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate degree that focuses on independent research within a specific academic field, culminating in a detailed dissertation. It serves as both a standalone research degree and a stepping stone towards a Ph.D., equipping students with advanced research skills and knowledge for a potential career in academia or research.

If you’re interested in pursuing an advanced postgraduate research degree, this page will explain everything you need to know about the MPhil programme.

We cover its course structure, the main difference between an MPhil and a PhD, how an MPhil may serve as a standalone degree or a stepping stone towards a PhD program, and how it differs from an MSc .

From independent research to a detailed dissertation, this course offers a rigorous training in research methods for those aspiring to build a career in research.

Whether you’re an undergraduate, a bachelor’s degree holder, or a master’s graduate considering a transition to the MPhil course, this blog provides valuable information to help you qualify for this exciting journey.

What is a Master of Philosophy Program? 

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate degree that provides students with advanced research skills and knowledge in a specialized field of study.

It’s a stepping stone towards a Ph.D. programme, serving as a prerequisite in some cases, or can be a standalone research degree. 

An MPhil course is typically a two-year program where candidates undertake a project and produce a detailed dissertation, which is an extensive piece of research.

This rigorous research focus sets the MPhil apart from other master’s courses. MPhil candidates are expected to present and defend their research findings, thereby acquiring critical skills necessary for a career in research. 

The MPhil degree can be an end in itself, but often, it’s seen as a pathway to a Ph.D. program, similar to how a Master of Arts in Philosophy can lead to further academic pursuits. While both are research degrees, a Ph.D. requires a significant and original contribution to knowledge, whereas an MPhil is seen as a precursor to this level of in-depth scholarship.

The MPhil could be an excellent option for individuals who aim to pursue a doctorate and develop their research competence before fully committing to the larger task of a Ph.D. program.

This program used to be very rare but is now becoming more popular and has seen rapid growth in some areas . Growth Of MPhil And PhD Theses In LIS By Decades:

Entry Requirements for MPhil

Entry Requirements for MPhil: Just talking with any prospective supervisor is normally enough to get the ball rolling and start your journey in the MPhil degree. 

Students often must pass an oral examination with members of the department demonstrating proficiency in the subject to the undergraduate level . 

Typically, applicants are master’s degree holders aspiring to pursue a doctoral program .

Additionally, applicants must provide  letters of recommendation and show proficiency in the English language . 

An MPhil degree – A case study

Case Study: An MPhil Student’s Journey

Our subject, who we will call Student X, was a graduate student enrolled in a two-year MPhil program at a renowned university, aiming to gain advanced research skills before embarking on a Ph.D. program. Student X wanted to explore their field of interest thoroughly before making a long-term commitment to a doctorate. 

In the first few months, Student X found the transition challenging, as the program demanded greater independence compared to their previous masters course. However, they were supported by their academic supervisor and peers, which helped them gain momentum. They spent most of their time in the university’s extensive libraries, reading and studying to build their knowledge base.

During their MPhil course, Student X took part in numerous seminars and workshops to develop their research skills. They learned how to frame research questions, design studies, and analyze data. These skills were put to the test when they embarked on their dissertation project, an intense period of independent study. 

The rigorous focus on research presented challenges; there were moments of self-doubt and stress, but also immense satisfaction and intellectual growth. Their dissertation process taught them resilience and the ability to solve problems independently, skills they realized were essential for a career in research.

Student X found the MPhil program to be incredibly rewarding. The comprehensive academic resources, mentorship from leading scholars, and the opportunity to engage in deep, exploratory research helped them grow academically and personally. They felt more prepared and less daunted by the idea of a Ph.D. program, acknowledging the MPhil experience as a vital stepping-stone to their doctorate journey.

Student X would recommend the MPhil course to anyone considering a research degree, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of what a career in research might entail.

What’s the difference between an MPhil and a PhD? Both with thesis?

The main difference between an MPhil and a PhD lies in their scope, duration, and the level of contribution to the field. An MPhil, or Master of Philosophy, typically takes two years to complete and requires coursework, exams, and a dissertation based on the student’s research. It is often seen as a standalone degree that helps develop strong research skills and can act as a stepping stone towards a PhD.

On the other hand, a PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is a more intensive research degree that can take up to four years or more to complete.

The aim of a PhD program is to make a significant and original contribution to knowledge in the chosen field, culminating in a thesis based on the research undertaken.

In the context of MPhil vs PhD, a key distinction is that while the MPhil equips students with advanced research skills in a shorter time frame, a PhD is often necessary for careers in academia or high-level research positions.

Deciding between the two would depend on your career goals, time commitment, and financial situation.

Is an MPhil Better than An MSc?

Whether an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) is better than an MSc (Master of Science) largely depends on the career path and objectives of the postgraduate student planning to undertake either qualification.

Academically, an MPhil is more advanced, considered a ‘mini-PhD’ as it sits above an MSc and below a PhD in the academic hierarchy.

Therefore, if the goal is to progress into advanced research or academia, undertaking an MPhil degree could be a stepping stone towards a PhD degree, making it a better choice in such instances.

Conversely, an MSc can be a more industry-oriented qualification, focusing on the practical application of knowledge within the workplace.

For those seeking to deepen their skills for a profession in industry rather than going into a PhD, an MSc might be a more suitable choice.

The ‘better’ qualification is subjective, determined by individual career goals and ambitions.

It’s crucial to thoroughly understand the intent and outcome of both degrees before choosing which one to pursue.

Wrapping up – What potential MPhil Students need to know

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate research degree, distinctively defined by its intensive focus on advanced research. MPhil, short for Master of Philosophy, is a qualification that gives students an opportunity to dig deep into their area of interest and develop robust research skills, significantly beneficial for those contemplating a doctorate, or PhD program. 

An MPhil course typically spans two years, filled with rigorous coursework and a research-driven dissertation. Its research methods are what set it apart from other master degrees like the MSc (Master of Science), which is more aligned towards industry-specific knowledge and practical application. 

Choosing between an MPhil and MSc depends on your career trajectory. For those aspiring for a career in academia or advanced research, the MPhil could serve as a ‘mini-PhD’, a precursor to the doctoral journey. In contrast, the MSc could be a better fit for those seeking to strengthen their professional skills for industry roles.

Part-time and full-time options are available for this program, offering flexibility to suit various circumstances. The culmination of the MPhil degree is the ‘viva’, a defense of your dissertation, a testament to the profound postgraduate research undertaken. 

Whether it’s an end in itself or a stepping stone to a PhD, an MPhil degree can be an enriching and rewarding journey, providing an essential foundation for those keen on entering the world of research.

Master of Philosophy FAQ

What is a master of philosophy (mphil) degree.

A Master of Philosophy (often abbreviated as MPhil ) is an advanced postgraduate research degree that involves the completion of a thesis or dissertation based on original research in a specific field of study.

How is an MPhil different from a PhD?

While both an MPhil and a PhD are advanced research degrees, a PhD typically requires more extensive original research and is considered a higher academic qualification than an MPhil.

What does a Master of Philosophy program involve?

A Master of Philosophy program usually includes a combination of coursework and independent research projects culminating in the submission of a thesis or dissertation .

Can I pursue a Master of Philosophy part-time?

Yes, many universities offer degree programs such as the Master of Philosophy in Liberal Arts and the Master of Arts in Philosophy. part-time options for completing a Master of Philosophy program, allowing students to balance their studies with other commitments.

What are the entry requirements for a Master of Philosophy program?

The entry requirements for a Master of Philosophy program may vary by institution, but typically include a relevant undergraduate degree and demonstrated proficiency in the English language .

What are the potential career outcomes with a Master of Philosophy qualification?

Graduates with a Master of Philosophy qualification may pursue careers in academia, research institutions, government, or other fields that value advanced research and critical thinking skills.

Is it possible to upgrade from a Master of Philosophy to a PhD program?

Some institutions may offer the opportunity for students with an MPhil degree to upgrade to a PhD program based on their academic performance and research potential.

Can I specialize in a specific area of study within a Master of Philosophy program?

Yes, it is the most common way to pursue a MPhil. 

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons

Search form, difference between mphil and ph.d..

Key Difference: MPhil is the abbreviated form of ‘Master of Philosophy’, while PhD is abbreviated from ‘Doctor of Philosophy’. The Master of Philosophy (MPhil or Ph.M.) is a post graduate research degree, meaning it is opted for after the completion of a bachelor’s degree. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil) is a post graduate doctorate degree that is awarded by colleges.

MPhil and PhD are two different types of degrees that can be acquired after completing bachelor’s degree. MPhil is the abbreviated form of ‘Master of Philosophy’, while PhD is abbreviated from ‘Doctor of Philosophy’. Both of these degrees are research degrees, meaning in order to pass the course you have to submit a research paper. There are significant differences between the two courses.

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil or Ph.M.) is a post graduate research degree, meaning it is opted for after the completion of a bachelor’s degree. Most MPhil degrees are a two-year course, but can also be a three year course in some countries. An MPhil is most cases is a thesis-only, and is most commonly regarded as a senior or second Master's degree, ranging between a taught Master's and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). A person may achieve a MPhil after a few years of original research but before the giving a dissertation. The degree may also work as a pre-requisite for enrolling for a Ph.D.

The MPhil has a lesser value compared to a Ph.D. It is most commonly used as a training course in advanced research work and as a stepping stone to excelling in Ph.D. The research that is conducted in an MPhil is usually limited in scope and originality. In the dissertation that one must provide in order to complete the MPhil course, the research does not need to original and can be a replication of research that has already been published. It also allows citation of secondary sources, meaning it is legitimate in MPhil to quote a publication that is quoting someone else.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil) is a post graduate doctorate degree that is awarded by colleges. The academic level required to complete this course varies according to country, institution, and time period. A person who attains this degree can be referred to as a doctor. The term ‘philosophy’ does not only refer to the field of philosophy, but is used in a broader sense in accordance with its original Greek meaning, which is "love of wisdom". In Europe, this term also included all fields other than theology, law and medicine, which were traditionally known as philosophy.

The requirements for completing Ph.D. degree vary from school to school. In some US, Canada and Denmark universities require additional course work in addition to writing a thesis paper. The thesis is expected to have original academic research which is in principle worthy of publication in a peer-reviewed context. Some universities also require the author of the thesis to defend this work before a panel of expert examiners appointed by the university. The thesis must convey great synthesis and critical ability along with a more detailed investigation of any practical illustrations.

In a nutshell, the MPhil is usually considered as a pre-requisite for doing a Ph.D. The dissertation that is expected to be submitted for MPhil does not need to be original can be a replication of an experiment that has already been conducted by someone else.  The thesis of a Ph.D. needs to be original and will be evaluated by a panel of judges, before the doctorate can be given. The Ph.D. has a higher value compared to a MPhil, where a MPhil is only called as having a Masters, while a Ph.D is called as a doctor. The requirements and different fields that Ph.D and MPhil are offered vary depending on country, nation, region and college.

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• The MPhil to PhD Upgrade

Written by Hannah Slack

The PhD upgrade is when new doctoral students who are initially registered for an MPhil transfer to the status of a PhD candidate. The process is common in the UK, but sometimes occurs in other countries too. It usually involves a formal exam or ‘upgrade viva’ towards the end of the first year.

The PhD upgrade is an important stage in your PhD . This page looks at the MPhil to PhD upgrade in more detail, explaining the examination process and assessment, and offering a couple of tips to guide you through.

On this page

What is a phd upgrade.

Most PhD students begin their programmes registered for a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree. As its name suggests, this is a Masters-level research qualification. Once you have met the academic requirements of your chosen institution you will be upgraded from MPhil registration to the status of a full PhD candidate .

This process can have several different names, depending upon your institution: It may be referred to as a 'confirmation review', 'MPhil upgrade', 'PhD upgrade' or 'PhD transfer'. These usually all refer to the same process.

International study

The MPhil upgrade process described on this page is common at UK universities. Other countries may have a similar type of assessment or 'confirmation' process for students part-way through a PhD. You can find more information in our guides to PhD study abroad .

When is the PhD upgrade?

Different institutions will have different regulations for the length of registration on the MPhil and time of completion of the upgrade . It is best to check directly with your prospective university.

There are different regulations for full-time and part-time students:

• Full-time – For full-time students, the upgrade typically takes place after between nine and 18 months
• Part-time – For part time students, the upgrade typically takes place after between 15 months and two years .

Most institutions offer students two chances to pass the upgrade assessment; the initial assessment and a resit . The resit must be completed within six months of the initial assessment.

Successful MPhil upgrade

If you transfer onto a PhD by upgrading successfully from the MPhil, this doesn't normally mean you will be granted an MPhil qualification. The standalone MPhil is a separate research degree with its own assessment process, you can search for MPhil vacancies on FindAMasters .

What does the upgrade involve?

Your upgrade will normally be conducted by a panel of assessors . This will probably include the person responsible for administering your PhD programme (the Graduate Director or Graduate Tutor) as well as other experts from within your department or research group.

Your PhD supervisor will usually be present at the upgrade exam but won’t be one of your assessors.

What must I complete to upgrade?

There are typically several components to the upgrade process that the assessor/s will review in order to decide the final outcome:

• Supervisor's comments – This can be a formal report of the work you have conducted or general comments on your capability as a PhD researcher.
• Your upgrade report – A formal report you will write, detailing your project, work done and work you will do. In some fields this may also include draft work (such as a first chapter of your thesis).
• Your report viva – This is the oral examination , where you will defend your report, ideas and any work conducted.

These components are all in place to ensure that the assessor(s) can make an informed decision as to whether you will be able to successfully complete a PhD thesis.

The MPhil to PhD upgrade report

The most important task you will complete ahead of your upgrade will be the preparation of an upgrade report . This will reflect the work you have done so far and make a case for your topic’s potential as a full PhD project.

The contents of the report will vary depending upon your institution, department, and discipline; however, usually you will be required to cover most of the following:

• Literature review – this will consider existing literature in both your chosen, and related fields, providing context for the new work your project will do
• Research question – the question you have chosen to answer in your research with hypotheses supported with research/evidence
• Research techniques – the methodology behind your project; an analysis of the methods you will be using to conduct your research
• Results – this can either be a chapter or a couple of short chapters displaying the work you have currently done towards your thesis objectives
• Future work – a summary of ideas or a timetabled plan of work you will be doing towards your thesis in the future
• References – a bibliography including all the sources you have used in your report, and during your research so far

Referencing

Make sure you check your university and department’s standard referencing style, as it may be different to one you have used in previous degrees.

The MPhil to PhD upgrade viva

The PhD upgrade viva is an oral presentation , defending your work and research ideas. The viva allows your department to ascertain that you meet all their assessment criteria and will be able to complete PhD research to a high standard in the allotted time-frame.

This PhD upgrade presentation will be different to your final PhD viva (defending your entire research project) – it is typically much shorter in duration – usually 30-60 minutes is scheduled, rather than 2-3 hours (sometimes more).

The upgrade viva assessment board

The procedures for the upgrade viva assessment board differ between institutions and disciplines, but usually the board will be comprised of one or two assessors:

• One assessor – This will be your secondary supervisor/independent advisor. An internal examiner in a different field – but with relevant expertise – to your primary supervisor.
• Two assessors – In this case the secondary supervisor usually chairs the assessment along with another member of academic staff. In some institutions this resembles a PhD viva, as the second member of staff is external.

Some institutions have an upgrade panel, which will have more than two assessors.

Contents of the PhD upgrade viva

The most important thing to remember in the viva, is that you need to show your topic and ideas are manageable as a PhD project. As projects are time-limited (especially funded ones) – but open ended – you must have a plan of how you will achieve your research aims in the allotted time. You also need to show that you are on track to do so. The MPhil upgrade exam is designed to test this.

The assessors will have read your report and will typically flag up things they are unsure of or are interested in and want to learn more about.

The viva gives you a chance to discuss your work , defend what you have done and talk through future ideas with academics, giving you the opportunity to get input from other researchers in different fields.

Although the upgrade viva is typically more informal than the final PhD viva, you should prepare for it in the same way; as a formal professional interview or assessment.

The PhD upgrade top tips

It may seem like a daunting process to you, considering a PhD , but worrying about the assessment processes.

There are a number of things you can do in preparation:

• Get ahead before you begin – If you have an idea of the field you want to do your PhD in already, begin to familiarise yourself with research (literature/books) in that area.
• Present, present and present again – There is no better way to understand your work you are doing, than to summarise and explain it to a group of peers or academics.
• Become aware of the upgrade process – Read the assessment criteria; make sure you have met any other requirements for your department such as modules and courses.
• Write as you work – The last thing you want is to come to a week before submission and have to rush your report; writing it as you go along will save you time and stress .
• Use the help offered – Universities usually put on thesis and viva workshops you can attend. Also have regular meetings with your supervisor to ensure you understand your research.
• Mock viva situation – If you are part of a research group they could read your report and ask questions they think you may be asked. This can help you prepare and calm nerves.
• Research your assessors – Familiarise yourself with your assessor’s research. Brush up on their strengths as they may ask relating questions, which won’t catch you out if you’re prepared.

Typical upgrade viva questions

Some of the questions at your MPhil upgrade will obviously be related to your specific discipline (and project). Others will be more general, aiming to assess the progress and prospects for your PhD. You will probably be asked some or all of the following:

• Can you summarise the work in your report?
• What are the main issues/debates in your field of research?
• How do gaps in the literature tie in with your current research aims?
• How have you ensured your research is ethical ?
• Specific result related questions – this is where you will defend the work you have done so far.
• Why have you used this method ?
• What future research will you do to meet your project aims ?
• What could you do to improve your research ?
• How will you complete the project within the PhD programme time-frame ?

Remember that your MPhil viva is there to check your progress, not to test your final PhD. Your supervisor will be there to help you prepare. They will read drafts of your report and can offer advice on questions you may be asked.

The MPhil upgrade assessment criteria

Each university and department will have different assessment criteria you must meet before you can upgrade to PhD student status.

Some institutions may require you to take specific modules or safety courses in order to move on to PhD research. However, there are a number of typical criteria the assessors will be looking for:

• Commitment to research – you must show you are committed to completing a PhD programme, it is intense research and the assessor needs to be sure you’re invested in doing it
• A well-thought out research plan – this will include your research questions, aims and hypothesis; as well as, a plan for the direction of the future work in your project
• Sufficient skill development – DTP/CDTs usually have compulsory training days; and, departments may have technical, safety and generic research training modules you must complete
• Monthly reports/student logs – typically a student log will be a monthly report including: the research you have done that month, monthly supervisor meeting notes and supervisor’s comments
• Field awareness – it is essential as an independent researcher that you are aware of relevant research in your field; this may be done in a detailed review of relevant literature
• Research ethics consideration – usually you will be required to complete ethics modules to ensure you complete your research ethically
• Research progress – you must show you have made some progress towards your thesis aims, in the form of experimental research or literature research depending upon discipline

All these above points will be used to analyse whether you will be able to complete: novel research, effectively, to a PhD standard, in the allotted time-frame of your project

Research ethics

Make sure you check research ethical guidelines in line with your research, as some experiments require ethical approval. For example, animal testing and psychological experiments involving human participants.

Upgrade review outcomes

The assessment criteria are used to decide whether you can upgrade to PhD status or not. The departments Graduate Director will oversee your assessment and update your final result.

Usually there are three possible outcomes to the upgrade review process:

• Unconditional pass – you are upgraded to PhD immediately following the viva
• Refer for further review – you may receive minor report corrections you need to make within a designated time frame; or, major report corrections requiring a full resit of the upgrade process. Resits have to be completed within six months of the initial assessment
• Failure to upgrade – The assessors review your status on the entire programme. There are two possible outcomes: withdrawal from the programme completely or remain registered on the MPhil

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Hannah slack.

Hannah worked at FindAPhD as a Content Writer from 2020 to 2023. She started with us part-time whilst studying for her PhD, giving her personal experience with balancing work responsibilities with academia. Hannah has a Bachelor’s degree in History from the University of East Anglia, and both a Masters in Early Modern History and a PhD on Early Modern English seafarers from the University of Sheffield.

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What are the Differences and Similarities between MPhil vs PhD?

“ The MPhil is the intermediate level of a postgraduate research degree, acronym as master of philosophy while the PhD is the terminal, topmost research honor, acronym as a doctor of philosophy. “

While you are in master’s last year, things like MPhil, PhD, dissertation and thesis should be clear to you and you know the meaning and importance of the same. 

The usual academic structure is 10 + 2 schooling, 3 years of graduation, 2 years of post-graduation, 2 years of MPhil and 3 to 5 years of PhD. Every degree has it’s own importance and limitations, however, the PhD degree is the utmost and top academic honor above all, with a high pay scale and prestigious honor. 

Though prestigious, it is hard to get, indeed because the admission process and the entire system of doing PhD are different from the rest of the academic routines. 

PhD focus on research only, majorly, though required coursework initially to appear in the rest of the year. It comprises a complicated process of awarding a degree having requires a distinct title, a research article- published, a well-written thesis and of course successfully defending the thesis. 

In the present piece of content, I will give you some of the major differences between the MPhil vs PhD and the importance of the same. 

Read more: What is PhD?- History, Definition, Origin, Requirement, Fees, Duration and Process .

What is MPhil? 

Master of philosophy abbreviated as MPhil- a moderate, intermediate and postgraduate level research degree. It actually prepares prospective students for doctoral research. 

The MPhil is a short duration post-graduation degree in comparison with the PhD. A student has to provide knowledge in their field by rethinking the existing one! Not seeking extensive research. 

A candidate must publish their work in the form of a dissertation or paper, sometimes both. The dissertation essay is shorter than the PhD thesis . 

Mainly the MPhil prepares candidates for advanced research through an internship like intermediate program henceforth, are not paid. 

Candidates can’t get scholarship or stipend in MPhil. Noteworthy, some universities allow direct entry of MPhil students to PhD, as they are trained researchers. 

MPhil follows a similar pattern of evaluation process much like the PhD, a candidate has to present their paper in front of an examiner and success in the viva. 

However, MPhil examiners are usually from the university campus. 

What is PhD? 

Doctor of philosophy is abbreviated as PhD- an utmost, highest level of academic honor or esteem. A candidate has to pass more time than the MPhil to do research and research throughout their entire tenure. 

PhD seeks more than 3 years with a thesis, publication and thesis defense. Universities take common entrance for PhD admission in which the master’s degree and/ or MPhil is required to appear. 

The PhD is a pure research degree with a year of course work, candidate has to windup their work in the form of PhD paper or thesis of 5000 to 6000 worlds long assay. 

The PhD findings must be original and can contribute to the existing knowledge through research. No recreation allows in doctorate. 

Related article: PhD vs PsyD- Differences .

Differences between MPhil vs PhD: 

The MPhil is a post-graduation level of moderate degree while the PhD is the utmost, top and highest level of educational degree. 

MPhil acronym as master of philosophy of 1 to 2 years whilst the PhD acronym as a doctor of philosophy of 3 or more years. 

One of the important criteria is that the MPhil must complete in 2 years or the time decided by the university usually 1 year, on the other side, a candidate can take time to complete the PhD, but after 3 years they can submit their thesis. 

It may take 10 years, the time of PhD depends on the topic selected by a candidate. 

During the MPhil, a graduate has to do research and appear in the examination as well. It’s not a pure research degree, contrary, research on a dedicated topic is the core values of a PhD. 

MPhil student provides knowledge by rethinking or reinventing the original research, usually are supportive data or minor research. The PhD is a big research project, a candidate has to give pure, original, fresh and new knowledge in their relevant field. 

No reinvention is allowed here. The outcome should be new, innovative and informative. 

As MPhil isn’t a pure research degree, stipend or scholarship aren’t given while a project fund in terms of stipend, scholarship fellowship or sponsorship can be given to candidates to support new findings. 

As the MPhil is more an intermedia, it’s less costly than the PhD. on the other side, the PhD needs a huge budget of around $25,000 or more. Thus doctorate degree is costlier. 

In terms of career outcome, the MPhil doesn’t give you much but a PhD holder can earn more and get higher positions in any system. 

Moreover, a PhD degree holder can use the ‘Dr’ suffix with their name after completing the degree but the MPhil can’t. 

In my opinion, the MPhil degree actually prepares graduates for doing research in PhD, while a PhD prepares prospective students to solve real-world problems by research and their analytic thinking. 

The PhD degree holder can get higher positions like HOD, Dean of college, professor, scientists and organization leader which can’t be given to only MPhil degree holders. Higher positions in any organization are reserved only for doctorate candidates. 

During the process, the MPhil candidate has to do research a well as prepare for academics too, which means they have to study routine subjects too. To pursue PhD, candidates have to do only research in their whole tenure. 

Read more: PhD vs EdD- Which One is Best for You .

Similarities between MPhil and PhD

Although both are different as we explained, there are several similarities in Mphil and PhD too.

Both are the research degree, in which candidates research one specific topic to search for knowledge. 

The thesis, research publication, viva and thesis defense are compulsory in both. 

A candidate can apply to both after completing the master’s degree with good grades. 

Importance of MPhil degree: 

After completing of master’s a candidate have two option to go further in their career- an MPhil and PhD. as we said, one in intermediate degree while the other is topmost then why a candidate has to go for MPhil? 

It isn’t easy to establish in the PhD habitat, because it is a pure research degree and a candidate doesn’t have previous experience of it. Even though you complete the entrance exam and get funds, you can’t do it! 

MPhil prepares candidates for PhD. A master’s of philosophy knows where to start the research, how to write a paper and thesis and how to present the thesis. 

This reason is the basis that MPhil gets direct admission to doctorate- PhD. 

Research shows that MPhil candidates can pass PhD smoothly than freshers. 

Related article: Differences between Masters vs PhD .

Conclusion: 

Conclusively, I can say both have their own importance, still, doctor of philosophy is the winner having endless potentials in career. If one thinks to save 1 year by avoiding MPhil, they can’t complete their PhD in time-bound. 

However, an MPhil candidate can! This is the reason doing MPhil can be a great deal for you. 

Spoiler! As an MPhil can directly get admission into the PhD, their guide or supervisor prepares them during the MPhil for PhD and therefore they complete a doctorate in 3 or 4 years.

Dr. Tushar Chauhan is a Scientist, Blogger and Scientific-writer. He has completed PhD in Genetics. Dr. Chauhan is a PhD coach and tutor.

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About The Author

Dr Tushar Chauhan

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Doctorate vs PhD- differences and similarities

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