what gpa do you need for a phd program

PhD Admission Guide

Gain admission to your dream school, guide to phd admission.

While some students swear off further education after undergrad, some love the thrill of intellectual discovery and research. For these students, graduate school is a natural choice. Graduate degrees are separated into “professional” and “academic” categories. Professional degrees are JDs and MDs, while academic degrees are PhDs (literally “Doctorates of Philosophy” regardless of what field you actually study).

Whether or not you need to pursue a PhD depends entirely on what career you wish to have. Some require higher education, while many others do not. In this guide we’ll go over how to apply to PhD programs, what they are looking for, and how the application process works. This guide is focused on the US and Canada; Europe has a system which is simultaneously similar and very different.

What PhD Programs Look For

PhD programs want to make sure you are prepared academically for the rigors of the program, and that you have a concrete research goal in mind. PhD programs culminate with each student answering a research question they devise, contributing new knowledge to the world in the process. 

Thus these programs seek to evaluate your intellectual ability, research goals, previous research experience, and how you will contribute to their program. To determine this, they ask for the following:

Letters of Recommendation

We’ll go through each of these in turn, and explain what graduate programs are looking for from each.

Your GPA in undergrad is the single most important factor in PhD admissions. If your GPA is too low your application will be dismissed out of hand. While there are no hard limits, we suggest a minimum GPA of 3.5 for serious contention, especially at top schools. If your GPA is below 3.0 then you will likely not get admitted into any PhD programs.

The reason for this is that PhD programs are a lot of work. Being intelligent is necessary, but is far from sufficient alone. Everyone in PhD programs is intelligent, and everyone is also willing to do the work. Your GPA is seen as the primary indicator of your willingness and ability to do academic work to a high standard, and your preparation for the rigors of a PhD program.

Along with your overall GPA, schools request your major GPA. This is your GPA when calculated only using courses in your major. This is usually expected to be higher than your overall GPA. Your major GPA should be over 3.5.

While taking harder courses in undergrad is a great experience, they can also harm your overall GPA. Of course, the best approach is to take very hard classes and do well in them, but this is not always possible. We recommend taking a blend of courses, so you are never overloaded, and able to give each the attention it needs to do well.

Academic Preparation

Your GPA and transcript is also used to judge your academic preparation for the program. You should have a solid grounding in the field, and have taken advanced courses as well. Taking graduate level courses in undergrad can exemplify this. 

Some PhD programs also require research languages. This is more common in the social sciences and humanities, but all students will benefit from knowing other languages well enough to do research in them. You should look up language requirements when researching programs to apply to.

The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) is a standardized test meant for students who intend to apply to graduate programs. Both MA and PhD programs ask for GRE scores. Much like the SAT or ACT in college exams, the test is meant to be a standardized measure of academic preparation and logical skill.

The test consists of six sections. The first is writing, next are two on verbal reasoning, then two on quantitative reasoning, and finally a research or experimental section, meant to test new questions. The entire test is offered on the computer, with one minute breaks after each section, and a ten minute break after the third section. While there is also a paper-based test, almost all testing is now done on a computer. Due to the pandemic, both testing centers and at-home testing are offered. The GRE is a multi-stage test, and how well you do on earlier sections determines the difficulty of later sections and questions. 

The verbal sections each consist of 20 questions, to be answered over 30 minutes. The whole is scored on a scale of 130-170. The quantitative section is scored the same, and consists of two 20 question sections, each of which should be completed in 35 minutes. The writing section is scored from 0-6. For this section, you write an essay on a given issue in 30 minutes, and offer a response critiquing a provided argument for 30 minutes.

Your total score from the GRE is given from 130-170. While the exact scores you need to enter graduate school vary, higher is better. In addition, some programs only care about your verbal score, while others only care about your quantitative score. How much weight each program puts on GRE scores varies greatly.

We recommend studying for the GRE for some time before testing. You can take the GRE up to five times per year, but must wait at least 21 days between testing dates. Only scores from the past 5 years will be released or considered by graduate programs.

Curriculum Vitae

This is akin to a resume, but is dissimilar enough that the two cannot be used interchangeably. The purpose of a CV is, like a resume, to detail what you have accomplished academically and in your career. It is far more focused on academics however, and is widely used for academic careers.

We recommend finding a template for a CV online, or asking your college’s advisors for help in creating one. If you already have a resume, then you will easily be able to convert it into a CV.

What admissions officers are looking for in your activities is primarily signs of research. This should be in whatever field you intend to pursue a PhD in. Publications are also incredibly valuable. All of academia runs on publication, and getting an early start helps your career at every step.

You should try to do research while still in undergrad. What this looks like depends entirely on what field you are pursuing. While the research does not have to exactly line up with what you wish to pursue, it should teach you skills which are cross applicable. Higher level academic research has its own set of methods and language which must be learned, and students who are already familiar with the forms and structures of research have a leg up in graduate school. 

Publication is not required, but is nice to see. If you have completed a master’s degree, you should have some publication history; of your thesis if nothing else. Speak with your academic advisors about getting your work published.

Each graduate school you apply to will ask for an essay. You will be able to use the same basic form for each, but will need to edit it to be about the particular program you are applying to. Most schools only require a single essay, although some programs ask for a second on diversity.

The purpose of this essay is to explain your research interests, what you have studied, your intended area of specialization, and what your focus will be on. Every PhD student is asking and trying to answer a very specific research question. This question forms the basis of their dissertation, and will be the focus of your life for several years if you are accepted.

Thus the essay is the most important part of your application. Your grades and GRE are required to see if you are academically ready for graduate school, but the essay lets readers know if you are a match for their program, and serious about your research.

Your essay should begin by stating which program you are applying to, and why. Next, go through your previous academic experience in the field, both coursework and research. You don’t have to go through every class, but cover the ones most relevant to your desired research topic.

You should discuss any prior research you have done in the field. If you completed a thesis for your undergraduate degree or a master’s program, cover that here. If you have any publication credits, cover those as well. This should relate directly to the field you are trying to enter. If you wish to pursue lab work, discuss your previous experiences; if instead you are pursuing field work, talk about your experiences there.

Next you should talk about the research you specifically wish to pursue through a PhD. You don’t need to have an exact research question worked out, but it is helpful to have some idea; you should at least know the subfield you will be focusing on. The more specific you are, the better. Having some discussion of methodology can be nice, but is not always necessary.

If there are any ongoing research projects ongoing at the school you wish to work on, cover those next. You should discuss how these projects specifically relate to your own research interests. Finally, you should talk about which professors you wish to work with. Professors take on graduate students to advise, and you ideally want one with a specialization at least tangentially related to your field of interest. The more closely related the professor’s studies are to your own, the better.

You will be able to leave much of this essay the same for each school you apply to, changing only the name of the program, the research projects, and the professors you wish to work with. 

This essay should be a page and a half to two pages long, single spaced. You should go into sufficient detail for those reading it to understand the research you want to pursue. These essays are reviewed by the faculty who run the department, and they make the admissions decisions for PhD programs. There are many more applicants than there are spaces, and admissions rates are low. The more specific and detailed you are in this essay, the better the faculty will understand your research aims, and the better your chances will be.

Diversity Statements

Not all programs ask for these, but you will likely be able to reuse the same essay for those that do. The purpose of the diversity statement is to see what unique points of view and experiences you will be able to contribute to the program. PhDs are about learning, and the more viewpoints and ideas within a program, the broader the experience will be.

If you are a member of an underrepresented group, an immigrant, come from an underprivileged background, or come from an area which is generally underrepresented, we suggest discussing that in this essay. You should not write an essay about your interactions with members of these groups, or a study abroad experience.

Above all, this essay should be authentic to you and your experience. The goal is to show how your background has shaped you as a person, and how it impacts your view of the world.

As with college applications, letters of recommendation are required for PhD admissions. These tell admissions committees who you are as a student and researcher, and give their opinion on how you will perform when doing graduate level work. Academic fields are small and often insular, and the professors writing your letters will often be known by those reading them, either by reputation or in person.

Programs ask for two to four letters. These should primarily come from professors who know you and your work well. If you had a thesis advisor, they should write one of your letters. If you’ve worked doing research for some time, then a mentor or lab director can also be a good source of a letter, even if they haven’t taught you in class. Letters should not come from non-academic sources, unless you have worked professionally in that field. 

While you have the option to read the letters that are written for you, you should always waive that right. If you don’t trust your writers to craft good letters for you, then you shouldn’t be asking them for letters. Asking to see letters is considered a sign of lack of trust, and is gauche. Many professors will decline to write letters if you insist on seeing them.

You should ask for letters well in advance of when they are due; we recommend at least a month or two. If you are asking non-tenured faculty for a letter, more leeway is recommended, as they have more on their plate, and are often more stressed. You may need to send a reminder as deadlines approach. You should also share a copy of your essay with letter writers, so they know exactly what subfield you intend to pursue, and can discuss this in their letters.

Finally, you should be aware of politics when asking for letters. Some professors do not like each other at all. If you are seen as the protege of a professor who others detest, this can impact your admissions chances. Always discuss which schools and programs you are applying to with your letter writers. You should also discuss your choices of writers with an advisor (for example a thesis advisor) familiar with the field. Academic politics are incredibly petty, but if you plan to pursue a PhD you need to be aware of the game, and how it is played.

If your application passes the first review, you will be invited to do an interview. This will be with faculty in the program you are applying to. This is to further get to know you, and to understand your research objectives. 

You should be able to clearly explain what you want to research, and how this program will help you do so. The people talking to you will all be familiar with the field, though not necessarily your specific subfield. They are looking for your ability to communicate and explain your view. Be prepared to answer some questions about the specifics of your goals, though it’s ok if you don’t know everything right now.

Interviews are generally in person, though due to the pandemic, virtual interviews have become more common. This is also your chance to ask any questions you have about the program you were unable to find answers to online. You can practice for this interview with an advisor or mentor; many schools have career centers which hold mock grad school interviews as well.

When and How to Apply to Grad School

There is no unified platform for PhD applications. Instead you must apply to each program individually, through the school’s website. This will mean filling out information multiple times, but they fortunately don’t ask for much. Once you have your documents in order, the rest is personal, demographic, and contact information.

You will need to pay to have your GRE scores sent to each school you apply to. Even though this is all electronic, they still charge dearly for it. 

Applications are generally due in December or January, with interviews held over the next few months. Applications open in September or October. We recommend getting your applications in before the due date, though most programs don’t use rolling admissions. Each program sets their own deadlines, so you should track when each of your applications is due carefully to make sure nothing gets overlooked.

Paying for Grad School

PhD programs are for the most part fully funded. This means you will not be paying tuition, and will also get funding to live on. This funding is generally contingent on academic standing, and doing work TAing, teaching, or on ongoing research projects (or most commonly, all of the above). Many grad students also work full or part time to support themselves. 

While you will not need to take on additional debt to pay for graduate school, you will not be well paid either. While the exact amount graduate students receive varies by school and program, it is generally in the range of $20-30,000 annually. This goes towards food, housing, and supplies.

While you are in a PhD program, you will not have to make payments on any government loans you took out to pay for undergrad, though they will continue to accrue interest. Making payments on them during grad school is difficult, but will greatly cut down on the amount you need to pay back later.

There are also outside scholarships available to help pay for graduate studies. While the amounts offered by these vary, most are small. They can help greatly with paying for the necessities however, and applying to them is usually worth the time investment.

Grad School Admission FAQ

Now we’ll answer some of the most common questions about applying to PhD programs.

Can older students apply?

Yes. Many professionals return to school for a PhD long out of undergrad. We suggest taking some courses at a local university in the field you plan on entering before you do this however. Academic research advances quickly, and this will familiarize you with the latest developments. Further, this will introduce you to professors who can provide you with letters of recommendation.

What are my odds of acceptance?

This depends on both your field and program. Generally, however, it is quite difficult to gain admissions to a PhD program, and admission rates hover around 10%. Only the best students get accepted, and this is even more the case at the top schools and programs.

When should I start thinking about applications?

When you choose your major, you should decide what level you want to reach within that field. Some majors lend themselves to PhDs if you want to work in that field, while others allow employment at various levels.

Where should I apply?

You should find programs with professors who are dedicated to your particular subfield. A prestigious institution which does not focus on your area is far less useful, regardless of how famous its name is. You are looking for someone who will be able to advise you, and help you perform worthwhile research. Further, professors are looking for students studying fields similar to their own when they admit graduate students.

How long are PhD programs?

Generally programs last 4-5 years, though this can vary based on field. The exact structure of the programs also varies a lot based on field and program.

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Masters GPA for PhD: Doctorate Acceptance Guide

What is an acceptable masters GPA for PhD programs? For some students, their grade point average ceases to matter after completing an undergraduate degree.

If you are pursuing further education, though, you may be wondering how important it is.

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The impact of your GPA can vary throughout your academic career. Its importance can also vary based on your field of study and your intended career goals.

Masters GPA for PhD Programs

A higher GPA, or grade point average, can be useful for gaining admission to a Ph.D. program.

At most colleges and universities, GPA is calculated by assigning a quality point on a scale of zero to four for each letter grade you receive on your transcripts, as follows:

The quality points for all the courses you have completed are then added together and divided by the number of courses to get a mathematical average. For instance, if you earned an A in every course, you would receive a 4.0.

Do PhD Programs Look at Masters GPA or Undergrad GPA?

Most PhD programs look at both your graduate school GPA and your undergraduate GPA. With most programs you need a masters to get a PhD , so your masters GPA will likely be regarded as the more important of the two in the admissions process.

If your undergraduate GPA was less than satisfactory but you showed consistent improvement with your graduate GPA, admissions officials will likely consider this to be a strength.

What GPA Do I Need for a PhD?

How high your GPA needs to be depends on the school and PhD program you’re applying to. Some students wonder how to get into graduate school with a 2.5 GPA . The fact is, minimum GPA requirements commonly range from 3.0 to 3.75.

But the good news is that some PhD programs may also evaluate you based on your work history, personal statements, or interview. So don’t give up your dream of earning a PhD simply because your GPA is not as high as you would like.

Does Grad School GPA Matter?

Both during and after graduate school, your GPA provides a quick way for you and others to evaluate your overall academic performance.

Role of GPA During Graduate School

In graduate programs, you often need to maintain a minimum GPA in order to keep a scholarship or qualify for fellowships.

At this stage of your education, the significance of GPA does decrease somewhat as compared to during your undergraduate studies. Instead, conducting research is typically seen as a more significant accomplishment by many professors.

Role of GPA After Graduate School

How important GPA is after graduate school can depend on where you want to go. For those hoping to earn PhDs or pursue careers in academia, your graduate school GPA can continue to have some importance.

For those planning to start a career, some employers may be impressed by a high GPA as an indicator of potential and likely job performance. Others may place more of an emphasis on work experience or other factors.

To find out how important GPA is in the field where you want to work, you may want to ask people who already work in that field. You can also ask about other qualifications that may be more important to potential employers than GPA.

What Is a Good Master’s GPA for PhD Programs?

You may be wondering how high of a GPA your desired doctoral program will want you to have. A high GPA is generally helpful to gain admittance, but doctoral degree programs can vary widely in terms of expectations for your GPA.

Also, there are some universities with low GPA graduate schools that may be of interest to students who earned lower grades in their masters or undergraduate programs. These are often the easiest doctorate degree programs to gain admission to.

You can usually find out the GPA expectations for a specific program by visiting the school’s website. The competitiveness and field of study of a program are some factors that can affect a program’s minimum GPA standards.

Competitiveness

PhD programs vary in terms of both size and the number of students applying. At a prestigious or reputable school that many students want to attend, the minimum GPA could be quite high.

Lucrative fields, such as law and medicine, can also have highly competitive doctoral programs. Setting a high minimum GPA requirement can provide the school with a way to filter out applicants. A higher GPA can indicate that you value your education and have potential to perform well at the doctoral level.

Field of Study

Applicants often wonder how hard is it to get into graduate school for psychology , engineering, or business administration, Well, a degree program in a popular field of study, such as computer science, will likely have many applicants. A popular program with many applicants will likely have higher minimum GPA requirements.

Some programs evaluate more than just your cumulative GPA. They may also consider your grades in specific courses that are especially relevant to the field you are pursuing.

How to Get Into a PhD Program with a Low GPA

If you want to earn a PhD but did not earn a high GPA during your graduate studies, you may be concerned about whether you have a good enough GPA for PhD programs. A low graduate GPA is not the end of the world, and it does not have to be the end of your education. How to get a PhD degree?

Here are some tips for pursuing acceptance in a PhD program with a low GPA:

• Look for programs that emphasize other admissions factors . Some PhD programs emphasize and prioritize other admissions factors more highly than GPA.
• Look for programs that emphasize undergraduate GPA . If your undergraduate GPA was higher than your graduate GPA, you might look for PhD programs that emphasize undergraduate grades in their admissions process.
• Take the GRE or GMAT . Earning good scores on a standardized test can help you compensate for a low GPA.
• Emphasize your achievements . This can include volunteer work or the completion of an internship related to your field of study.
• Explain your low GPA . If there is a legitimate reason why you did not earn a high GPA as a graduate student, you can often explain this in an admissions interview or in your personal statement. Many schools will take special circumstances into account.
• Try to network . If possible, try to network with people at the school to which you are applying.
• Complete relevant coursework . You can often enroll in classes at your chosen school as a non-degree seeking student. By working hard and doing well in a class that’s relevant to your desired PhD program, you can demonstrate your current academic abilities.
• Apply for probationary admission . Some schools will accept students who do not meet PhD GPA requirements on a probationary basis. After taking classes for a semester, students may then gain full acceptance if their GPA improves.

It is possible to get into a PhD program without having an extremely high graduate GPA.

How Much Does GPA Matter in PhD Admissions?

Your GPA can be an important factor in PhD admissions, depending on the program. Many schools have minimum GPA requirements for doctoral applicants, and doctoral GPA requirements are usually higher than those for graduate degree programs.

Your GPA is just one piece of the puzzle, though, when it comes to PhD admissions. Universities know that grading can be a somewhat subjective process. Different schools can grade differently, and even different professors at the same school may grade differently.

Comparing applicants based on GPA alone is generally not an effective way to find the best students. Your grades in certain individual courses may be more relevant to your current field of study than your cumulative GPA.

A high GPA increases your likelihood of being accepted into a PhD program, but other admissions factors are considered too. If you did not finish your graduate degree with a high GPA, you can focus on other aspects of your application to try and stand out from the crowd.

Admissions Requirements

Here are some common admissions requirements for PhD programs:

• Minimum GPA of 3.0
• Statement of purpose
• Letter of recommendation
• Work experience

Admissions requirements for institutions can vary widely. Some schools ask for GRE or GMAT scores, but standardized test scores are now optional for a growing number of schools. If you do not have a high GPA, though, you may want to submit GRE or GMAT scores even if they are optional. A solid personal statement or letter of recommendation can be helpful as well.

Does Your Masters GPA Matter for a PhD?

Admissions committees for PhD programs do pay attention to GPA. Your grade point average is a general indicator of how well you have performed academically over the past years of your education.

If you have a high GPA, admissions committees are more likely to trust that you are motivated and that you make the most of educational opportunities. They also typically review exactly what courses you took while earning your GPA. A high GPA looks even better if you took challenging coursework relevant to your chosen field of study.

Getting Your Doctorate Degree Online

Online doctoral programs are becoming more popular. If you are an aspiring PhD student, there are currently many program options available online. There are a variety of programs available to suit students from a wide variety of academic and personal backgrounds.

Online programs are known for their convenience, as they offer more flexible scheduling than traditional degree programs. Much like earning a masters degree online , earning a doctorate online can enable you to balance rigorous academic work and the completion of a dissertation with your other work and life commitments.

You can start your doctoral journey today by exploring accredited universities!

Master’s GPA for PhD: Your Questions Answered

Are you considering a PhD program? Are you wondering what is the ideal master’s GPA for PhD admission? If so, then this blog post is for you.

Here, we will discuss everything from the average master’s GPA needed to get into a PhD program to tips on how to maximize your chances of admission. Whether this is something that has been in the back of your mind or something that would require serious considerations and possible adjustments, getting into a PhD program can positively transform your future. We are here to give you helpful advice about going through that journey so read on!

Should You Care About Your GPA At All If You Want to Do Research?

According to the Council of Graduate Schools Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees , there was a significant increase of 8.7% in applications for admission to graduate school between Fall 2020 and Fall 2021. Master’s Colleges and Universities saw a rise of 17.9% in applications, while Doctoral Universities with High Research Activities saw a growth of 16.2%. At the doctoral level, there was a substantial increase of 8.9% in applications to graduate school between Fall 2020 and Fall 2021. With these numbers, students who do not have high GPAs may worry about their chances of getting admitted into graduate schools. Nonetheless, a low GPA does not necessarily disqualify students from being admitted, as schools evaluate other criteria when reviewing applications for advanced degree programs.

What GPA Do I Need to Get Admitted into a PhD Program?

The required GPA for graduate school varies based on the specific school and PhD program you are applying to. While some students may be concerned about how to gain acceptance into graduate school with a 2.5 GPA, it’s important to note that most programs commonly require a minimum GPA of 3.3.

There is good news for those who aspire to earn a PhD but have a lower-than-desired GPA. Certain PhD programs may take into consideration your past professional experiences, personal statements , or interview performance during the evaluation process. So, don’t abandon your dreams just yet – a PhD may still be within reach.

Does GPA Matter in PhD Admissions? If so, How Much?

Your PhD admission chances may depend on your GPA, as many programs have minimum GPA requirements that are higher than those for graduate degree programs. However, PhD admissions committees consider multiple factors beyond the GPA because they recognize that grading can vary between schools and even between professors at the same school. Therefore, they take a holistic approach when evaluating applications. If your GPA in your previous graduate program was not as high, you can still work on highlighting other strengths in your application to distinguish yourself from other applicants.

Understanding The PhD Program Landscape

PhD programs have different sizes and numbers of applicants. A reputable school or a school in high demand may have a very high minimum GPA requirement. Schools set high minimum GPA requirements to filter out applicants.

When selecting universities, it’s important to be practical and to conduct thorough research about the institutions. To determine both your likelihood of being admitted into a program and if it’s a good match for you, consider speaking with both an admissions counselor and faculty members in the department. While a graduate school may sound promising based on the description alone, it’s essential to know if the culture and working relationships will meet your needs.

While students who don’t get admitted into highly competitive schools may initially feel disappointed, it can be advantageous in the long run for certain students. Some students have found that lower-ranked programs can offer a more positive experience due to supportive alumni, a friendly student community, and helpful faculty.

What Is a Good Master’s GPA for PhD Programs?

You might be curious about the GPA requirements of your target doctoral program. While a high GPA is typically beneficial for admission, the expectations for GPA can differ greatly between doctoral degree programs. Additionally, there are universities with graduate schools that accept lower GPAs, which could be a viable option for students who received lower grades in their undergraduate or graduate programs. These programs may be considered easier to gain admission to. To learn about the GPA requirements of a particular program, you should check the school’s website. Keep in mind that minimum GPA standards may vary depending on the program’s competitiveness and area of study.

Do PhD Programs Care About a Master’s GPA?

Having a good GPA can significantly impact your chances of getting into a PhD program. Your GPA reflects your academic performance throughout your education, and admission committees usually take note of it. A higher GPA indicates that you are driven and have made the most of learning opportunities. Additionally, committees usually review the courses you have taken in conjunction with your GPA. If you have a strong GPA and have taken challenging courses related to your field of study, it will enhance your application.

PhD admissions committees use a student’s Master’s degree GPA to assess their potential for success in future studies. Even if the Master’s degree is in a different field than the PhD program, the GPA still shows the applicant’s capability to handle advanced coursework, concentrate, and overcome difficulties.

Your grades in both undergraduate and graduate school are important, but your graduate school grades carry more weight. If you excelled in a master’s program at a reputable institution in the same field as the program you are applying to, it can make up for any deficiencies in your undergraduate transcript.

When reviewing grades, admission committees aim to answer two questions: does the student have a strong foundation in the areas that are deemed essential for success in their proposed field, and can they work well in that area? Additionally, they are interested in assessing whether an applicant can complete graduate courses without any failures, retakes, or any need for excessive personal attention. This is to ensure that the applicant can balance coursework and research without spending an extensive amount of time solely on passing courses. They are looking for students who are prepared to engage in research and also take more advanced courses to enhance what they already know.

Is it possible to Get Into a PhD Program with a Low GPA

If you have a low graduate GPA and wish to pursue a PhD, you may be worried about meeting the GPA requirements for doctoral programs. However, a low GPA does not signify the end of your educational journey, and there are still options available to you.

Here are some tips to help you get admitted into a PhD program despite having a low GPA:

• Take the GMAT or GRE . Scoring well on a standardized test can serve as a way to make up for a low GPA.
• Provide an explanation for your low GPA . You can explain a legitimate reason for a low GPA during your graduate studies through an admissions interview or in your personal statement. Some schools consider special circumstances.
• Enroll in a terminal master’s degree at another school . A terminal Master’s degree can be an excellent way to prepare yourself for a PhD program. It can provide you with the opportunity to develop and hone your research skills, deepen your subject knowledge, make important connections in academia that will support your future career, and raise your GPA. By enrolling in a terminal Master’s degree at another school than the one where you were planning to pursue a PhD, you can get an outside perspective on current issues and research trends in your field.
• Sign up for relevant coursework . If you’re not pursuing a degree at your target school, you can still take classes as a non-degree-seeking student. By performing well in a class that pertains to your desired PhD program, you can showcase your academic skills and apply the following year.
• Ask for probationary admission . Some schools may allow students who did not meet the required GPA for a PhD program to enroll on a probationary basis. If these students take classes for a semester and improve their GPA, they may then be fully admitted into the program.

Final Words

Earning a master’s degree GPA is important to get admitted into PhD programs. Your GPA reflects hard work and dedication, and it is a concrete indicator of your ability to complete the rigors of graduate-level studies. Although a low GPA can be a major obstacle in PhD admissions, it doesn’t have to be an insurmountable one. With careful planning and hard work, you can still make your dream of pursuing a PhD come true. If you’re looking for some extra help in addition to the hauling slog of application preparations we provide PhD application services that can give you an advantage and increase your chances of success in finding admission into one of the prestigious postgraduate programs of your choice. So invest time with proper planning, stay motivated, and finish strong with confidence while applying to a PhD program – you were made to do this! Got questions? Sign up for a consultation . It’s FREE!

With a Master’s from McGill University and a Ph.D. from New York University, Dr. Philippe Barr is the founder of The Admit Lab . As a tenure-track professor, Dr. Barr spent a decade teaching and serving on several graduate admission committees at UNC-Chapel Hill before turning to full-time consulting. With more than seven years of experience as a graduate school admissions consultant, Dr. Barr has stewarded the candidate journey across multiple master’s and Ph.D. programs and helped hundreds of students get admitted to top-tier graduate programs all over the world .

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Graduate School

Ph.d. requirements.

• Academics & Research
• Programs & Requirements

Brown University awards more than 200 doctor of philosophy degrees annually.

The Brown Ph.D. is primarily a research degree. Teaching is an important part of many doctoral programs, and many departments require candidates for the Ph.D. to have teaching experience.

Brown University offers substantial financial support to doctoral students. All incoming doctoral students are guaranteed five years of support, which includes a stipend, full tuition remission, health-services fee, and a health-insurance subsidy. Doctoral students in the Humanities and Social Sciences are guaranteed six years of support. All promises of student support are subject to students making satisfactory academic progress, as determined by their programs of study. Please see related links for additional details regarding the University's commitment to doctoral education.

Ph.D. Funding

Funding guarantee, four general requirements for the doctor of philosophy.

The candidate must be formally admitted to his or her degree program.

The normal residency requirement is the equivalent of three Academic Years of full-time study beyond the bachelor's degree. Students who enter a PhD program at Brown already holding a master’s degree in a related field have a residency requirement equivalent to two Academic Years of full-time study upon entering the PhD program at Brown. Use of a previously earned master’s degree to reduce PhD residency requirements is contingent upon approval of the program Director of Graduate Study. Graduate work done at other institutions and not used in fulfillment of the requirements for any doctoral degree elsewhere may, on the approval of the program Director of Graduate Study, be counted in fulfillment of up to, but not exceeding, one year of the residency requirement. A student who desires credit for work done elsewhere should file a timely application with the program Director of Graduate Study; transfer credit forms are available through the  Office of the Registrar .

A student is advanced to candidacy for the Ph.D. when he or she has completed satisfactorily all the requirements, departmental and general, requisite to beginning work on the dissertation. Candidacy is determined by the department or program of study and certified by the Registrar. Most departments require a preliminary examination before advancing any student to candidacy. Most departments also require a final examination or defense. The examination is conducted by professors in the department and by such other members of the faculty as may be appointed.

The candidate must present a dissertation on a topic related to his or her area of specialization that presents the results of original research and gives evidence of excellent scholarship. The dissertation must be approved by the professor or committee under whose direction it is written and by the Graduate Council. All requirements for the Ph.D. must be completed within five years after advancement to candidacy.

Faculty Member Leaves Brown

If a faculty member working with a doctoral student leaves Brown for any reason before that student has completed his or her degree requirements, it may not always be possible for that faculty member to continue working with the student as an advisor. In such cases, departments will work with students to help them locate a new advisor.

Additional Requirements

Individual departments and programs may have additional requirements regarding the number of courses to be taken, proficiency in foreign languages, special examinations, and theses. The department should be consulted for specific information.

• September 30, 2023
• Academic Advice

What is a Good Master’s GPA for PhD? A Guide to Academic Excellence

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Pursuing a PhD can be an exciting yet challenging endeavor. As you set your sights on advancing your academic career, one question frequently arises: What is a good Master’s GPA for PhD? 

Read on as we explore the importance of grades in your academic journey, the nuances of the PhD admission process, and provide insights into what can be considered a competitive Master’s GPA to increase your chances of success.

Understanding the PhD Admission Process

PhD programs are highly competitive, and admissions committees carefully evaluate candidates to ensure they possess the knowledge, skills, and dedication required for doctoral-level research. 

One essential aspect of this evaluation is your academic record, which includes your Master’s GPA. However, it’s crucial to recognize that the PhD admission process is multi-faceted. Admissions committees consider various factors besides your GPA, such as recommendation letters, research experience, standardized test scores (like the GRE or GMAT), and statement of purpose. So, be prepared and look into specifics since different institutions might have additional requirements. 

What is a Good Master’s GPA for PhD?

Grades are a reflection of your commitment, work ethic, and mastery of course material. Excelling in your Master’s program not only demonstrates your ability to handle the rigors of a PhD program but also sets a strong foundation for future academic success. It is essential to view your Master’s GPA as a stepping stone in your educational journey, as it provides insight into your ability to excel in coursework, conduct research, and contribute meaningfully to your field.

While there is no universally defined “good” Master’s GPA for PhD admission, it typically starts from 3.0. Nevertheless, this can differ depending on the field of study, the program’s competitiveness, and the institution’s specific requirements. Some highly competitive programs may expect even higher GPAs.

Factors Influencing a Good Master’s GPA

Achieving a good Master’s GPA is not solely about hitting a specific numerical target; it reflects your academic journey and the effort you invest in your studies. There are several factors that significantly influence your Master’s GPA, helping you excel in your program.

Academic Rigor and Course Selection

Your choice of courses in your Master’s program can significantly influence your GPA and shape your academic journey. Opting for academically challenging courses demonstrates your commitment to acquiring in-depth knowledge and skills in your field, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which can translate into higher grades. 

However, it’s essential to strike a balance. Overloading your schedule with too many demanding courses can lead to burnout and stress, negatively affecting your GPA. Assess your capabilities, align classes with your academic interests and career goals, and manage your workload wisely. 

Seek guidance from academic advisors or professors when selecting courses to make informed decisions that benefit your GPA and overall educational experience.

The Role of Research and Thesis Work in GPA

For many Master’s programs , research and thesis work are integral components that can significantly impact your GPA. Therefore, the quality of your research and thesis work directly affects your GPA. A well-executed thesis that contributes original insights to your field can earn higher grades. To excel in this area, dedicate time and effort to conducting thorough research, analyzing data, and presenting your findings effectively.

Average Master’s GPA Requirements for PhD Programs

The average Master’s GPA requirements for admission to PhD programs can vary significantly depending on the field of study, the competitiveness of the program, and the specific policies of individual universities. However, as a general guideline, an acceptable Master’s GPA often falls from 3.0 to 3.7. Some highly competitive PhD programs may expect even higher GPAs, approaching or exceeding 3.8.

How Can a Master’s GPA Impact Career Prospects?

Your Master’s GPA can significantly influence your career prospects, though its impact may vary depending on your field of study and the specific job opportunities you’re pursuing. 

A strong Master’s GPA can enhance your competitiveness in job applications, particularly in professions where academic achievement holds significant importance. Employers in finance, engineering, and healthcare industries may strongly emphasize academic achievement, and a strong GPA can set you apart from other applicants.

Specific specialized or competitive roles may also have GPA requirements for entry. For example, some research positions, government jobs, and graduate programs may require a higher GPA than usual. A strong GPA can open doors to these opportunities and help you qualify for roles that align with your career goals.

The Role of GPA in Securing Internships and Entry-Level Positions

A strong Master’s GPA significantly enhances your prospects of securing internships, especially in competitive industries such as finance, consulting, and information technology. Many companies use GPA to identify candidates with strong academic backgrounds and potential. A high GPA can help you stand out in a competitive pool of applicants and increase your chances of landing the internship you desire.

For entry-level positions, your Master’s GPA may play a role in the hiring process, but it is rarely the sole determining factor. Employers often consider a combination of factors, including your GPA, relevant coursework, internships, extracurricular activities, and interpersonal skills. While a high GPA can make you an attractive candidate, it’s essential to complement it with relevant experiences, strong communication skills, and a well-crafted resume.

While a Master’s GPA can be important for entry-level positions, its significance tends to diminish as you gain work experience. Once you establish your career, employers typically focus more on your professional accomplishments, skills, and contributions than your academic performance.

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Strategies for Improving a Master’s GPA

Improving your Master’s GPA requires a combination of practical study strategies, time management skills, and commitment to your coursework. Remember to prioritize self-care to maintain a healthy work-life balance, as burnout can hinder academic performance. Keep in mind that improvement takes time, so be patient with yourself and consistently apply these strategies to see positive changes in your GPA.

Advice for Students Looking to Boost their GPAs

If you aim to boost your Master’s GPA, consider adopting a proactive approach to your studies. Start by reviewing your past performance to identify areas where you can improve: time management, study habits, or course selection. Set clear and achievable goals for each course by dividing big tasks into smaller, manageable steps.

Utilize campus resources such as tutoring services, academic advisors, and study workshops to enhance your skills and understanding of challenging subjects. Seek feedback from professors and peers to identify areas for growth and make necessary adjustments. Finally, stay organized, stay motivated, and maintain a growth mindset to strive for academic excellence.

Seeking Help and Resources When Struggling Academically

When facing academic challenges during your Master’s program, reaching out for help and utilizing available resources is essential. Feel free to approach professors during office hours or via email to seek clarification on course material or assignments. Many universities offer tutoring services, study groups, and academic workshops to support needy students. 

Additionally, consider seeking assistance with time management and study skills from academic advisors or counseling services. Don’t isolate yourself; connect with classmates facing similar difficulties, as sharing strategies and working together can be beneficial.

In conclusion, a Master’s GPA is key to academic and career success, influencing internship opportunities, entry-level positions, and specialized roles. To enhance your GPA , employ effective study strategies, maintain a balanced workload, and seek guidance from academic advisors when selecting courses. However, remember that GPA is just one aspect of your educational journey; active engagement in coursework, feedback-driven adaptation, and a focus on professional growth contribute significantly to your long-term success.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a good master’s gpa for phd admissions.

The ideal Master’s GPA for PhD admissions can vary depending on the university, program, and field of study. However, an acceptable GPA often starts from 3.0. Some highly competitive programs may expect even higher GPAs.

Why is a Master’s GPA important for a PhD?

A strong Master’s GPA is essential for PhD admissions because it demonstrates your academic competence and ability to excel in graduate-level coursework. It can also be critical in securing funding or scholarships for your doctoral studies.

How does my Master’s GPA affect my job opportunities?

Your Master’s GPA can influence your job opportunities, particularly in academia, research, and some specialized fields. A high GPA can make you a more attractive candidate for competitive positions, research grants, academic roles, and higher salaries .

Are there specific GPA requirements for different PhD programs and fields?

Yes, GPA requirements can vary significantly by program and field. Some areas and programs may emphasize other factors, such as research experience or standardized test scores. It’s essential to research the specific admission requirements for the PhD programs you’re interested in.

In which industries or roles is a high Master’s GPA particularly important for job prospects?

A high Master’s GPA can be essential in academia, research, and some technical or scientific roles. Professors, researchers, and employers in these fields often consider GPA an indicator of your ability to handle complex tasks and excel in a competitive environment.

What strategies can I use to improve my Master’s GPA if it’s not at the desired level?

If your Master’s GPA is not where you want it to be, consider these strategies:

• Prioritize your coursework and assignments
• Seek help from professors or tutors if you’re struggling with specific subjects
• Manage your time effectively to balance study and other responsibilities
• Stay organized and maintain a study schedule
• Take advantage of study groups and peer support
• Review and practice regularly to understand the material better
• Communicate with your professors if you encounter challenges
• Consider retaking courses where you received lower grades if allowed by your program

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Application requirements for all doctoral programs (phd).

All of our doctoral programs are designed to develop outstanding educational researchers who have a deep understanding of the scientific, practical and policy issues they study. All require full-time study, and we promise five years of full-time financial support for every student we admit. Our doctoral programs are small, typically ranging from about 25 to 35 new students a year. The small size of our doctoral cohorts creates big educational advantages for students: the classes are almost always small, students receive individualized attention from their advisors, and they have many opportunities to develop close collegial relationships with fellow students.

It is extremely important to demonstrate in your statement of purpose that your interests converge closely with the current research of faculty who work in the program to which you are applying. Other doctoral applicants will certainly do this, and if you don't, you will forfeit an important competitive advantage to them. 

If you wish to contact faculty, please read our Which Degree Which Program article, by Professor Eamonn Callan, which outlines the appropriate process for contacting faculty with whom you share research interests. 

• Program website:  Degrees and Programs/PhD
• Length of Program:  5 years (average length)
• Tuition: fellowship/assistantship salary and tuition guaranteed for first five years of the program (autumn, winter and spring quarters) for all students, including international students. Funding includes two summers.

Application Requirements:

Application form.

Complete and submit Stanford's graduate online application .

Application Fee

The application fee is $125 , is non-refundable, and must be received by the application deadline.

Application Fee Waivers

Stanford offers three types of application fee waivers for which GSE applicants may apply and be considered:

• GRE Fee Reduction Certificate-Based Waiver
• Diversity Program Participation-Based Waiver
• School-Based Waiver

Please visit the Stanford Graduate Diversity website for instructions, deadlines, and the fee waiver application form.

Statement of Purpose

A Statement of Purpose is required. Your statement should be typed, single-spaced and should be between one to two pages . Describe succinctly your reasons for applying to the proposed program, your preparation for this field of study, and why our program is a good fit for you, your future career plans, and other aspects of your background as well as interests which may aid the admissions committee in evaluating your aptitude and motivation for graduate study. You may indicate potential faculty mentors as part of your study and research interests. Be sure to keep a copy for your records. What's a Good Statement of Purpose?

A resume or CV  is required of all applicants, depending on which document is most appropriate for your background. There is no page limit for resumes or CVs, though we typically see resumes of one page in length. Please upload your resume or CV in the online application.

Three (3) Letters of Recommendation

Applicants are required to submit three letters of recommendation . In the online application, you will be asked to identify your recommenders and their email addresses. Please notify your recommenders that they will receive an email prompt to submit their recommendation online. You can submit your request for letters of recommendation through the system without submitting the entire online application.  Stanford GSE only accepts online recommendations through the application system ; Stanford GSE cannot accept mailed, emailed or faxed recommendations.

Recommendations should be written by people who have supervised you in an academic, employment, or community service setting. We very strongly recommend that at least one of these letters be from a university professor familiar with your academic work. Your recommendations should directly address your suitability for admission to a graduate program at Stanford GSE.

It is the applicant's responsibility to ensure that all three letters of recommendation are submitted through the system by the application deadline , so please work closely with your recommenders to remind them of the deadline.

College and University Transcripts

Transcripts are required from every college and university you have attended for at least one academic year as a full-time student. When submitting your online application, transcripts should be uploaded to the application as a scanned copy or PDF ; this is sufficient for the application review process. Please refrain from sending a secured PDF/transcript with a digital signature as our system cannot upload these properly. The best way to ensure we receive an upload-able document is for you to print out the secured transcript, scan it, and upload the scanned copy (not to exceed 10MB) as a PDF. 

If you earned a degree at the institution from which you are submitting a transcript, please ensure that the degree conferral date and the degree conferred is clearly visible on the document. If you are currently enrolled in a degree program and will not have earned the respective degree by the time of submitting your GSE application, you should submit your most recent in-progress transcript from your institution.

Only if admitted will we contact you with instructions on sending two copies of your official transcripts to our office. We cannot accept mailed, emailed or faxed copies of your transcripts during the application process. Please note: the instructions for sending transcripts on the online application and on the general Stanford Graduate Admissions Office website differ from this Stanford GSE requirement.

Concerning course work completed in a study abroad program

If the coursework and grades are reflected on the transcript of your home institution, you do not need to submit original transcripts from the study abroad institution.

Concerning foreign institutions

If your institution provides a transcript in a language other than English, we require that you submit a translation of the transcript that is either provided by the institution or a certified translator. Translations must be literal and complete versions of the original records.

If your transcript does not include your degree conferral date and the degree conferred , please submit a scanned copy of your diploma, a conferral statement, or a conferral document in addition to your transcript . If you are currently enrolled in a degree program and will not have earned the respective degree by the time of submitting your GSE application, you should submit your most recent in-progress transcript from your institution.

Stanford University requires the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) from all applicants whose native language is not English. The GSE requires a minimum TOEFL score of 250 for the computer-based test, 600 for the paper-based test or 100 for the internet-based test in order to be considered for admission. The Test of Written English (TWE) portion of the TOEFL is not required. Applicants who have completed a four-year bachelor's degree or a two-year master's program (or its equivalent) in the U.S. or at an institution where English is the main language of instruction are not required to take the TOEFL. For more information on TOEFL requirements, please refer to the Required Exams  page on the main Stanford Graduate Admissions website. You may register for the TOEFL test directly at the ETS website .

TOEFL Dates and Deadlines

PhD applicants who are required to take the TOEFL should plan to take the internet-based TOEFL test and have official TOEFL scores sent electronically to Stanford at institution code 4704 (department code does not matter) no later than November 1 . This will give your official TOEFL scores time to be sent from ETS and be received by our system in time for the December 1 deadline. PhD applicants to Knight-Hennessy Scholars should plan to take the internet-based TOEFL test no later than October 16 so your scores can be received by our system in time for the November 16 KHS GSE deadline. Please note that the TOEFL may be taken no earlier than 18 months prior to the application deadline.

Does Stanford accept tests other than TOEFL?

No. We accept only TOEFL scores; we do not accept IELTS or other test scores.

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What Is A Good Grad School or Masters GPA For PhD Programs? 

Embarking on the journey to a PhD program raises an important question: What is considered a good GPA in grad school or a Master’s program for PhD admissions? Understanding this metric is crucial for aspiring doctoral candidates.

While GPAs are a significant factor, they are part of a broader academic narrative. This post explores into what constitutes a competitive GPA and how it fits into the holistic review process of PhD admissions, offering insight for those aiming to advance their academic careers.

Understanding the PhD Admission Process

Navigating the labyrinth of PhD admissions can be mystifying, even for the most prepared applicants.

You might wonder how crucial your GPA is and whether your undergraduate or master’s GPA weighs heavily in the eyes of the admissions committee.

Here’s an insider peek into what really happens behind the scenes.

Firstly, let’s talk about the role of GPA. While a high GPA is generally seen as a sign of academic competence, it’s not the sole factor in PhD admissions.

Programs can vary in their GPA requirements, and the significance of GPA can differ across fields of study. Some programs may require a minimum GPA, often around a 3.0, but this is just one piece of the puzzle.

When applying to a PhD program, the admissions committee looks at your entire profile.

This includes your graduate GPA, and in some cases, your undergraduate GPA. However, a lower GPA doesn’t automatically disqualify you.

For instance, a strong master’s GPA can offset a poor undergrad GPA, demonstrating your growth and readiness for advanced study. Conversely, a low graduate GPA might raise concerns about your ability to handle doctoral degree programs.

The admissions process in graduate school is more than just numbers. It involves a holistic assessment where factors like:

• Research interests ,
• Letters of recommendation, and
• Your personal statement.

For example, in a PhD program, connecting your field of interest with professors at the same school can significantly boost your chances, even if your GPA isn’t top-tier.

Interestingly, the process varies globally. Some schools may have a high minimum GPA requirement, while others are more flexible. In competitive programs, a higher GPA could set you apart, but it’s not the only determining factor.

Remember, each program you are applying to has its own set of criteria, and understanding the PhD admissions process at your desired school is key.

So, while your GPA matters, it’s not the end-all-be-all. It’s one component of your application, and graduate programs may weigh other aspects more heavily.

If you’re considering a PhD, focus on building a well-rounded application that showcases your strengths, passion, and suitability for the program beyond just your grade point average.

What is a Good Master’s GPA for PhD?

Generally, a GPA of 3.0 is considered the minimum for most PhD programs. However, depending on the field of study and the competitive nature of the program, this baseline can shift.

For more competitive programs, a higher GPA – think 3.4 or above – is often more favorable. But remember, this is more than a numbers game.

Your GPA reflects your academic diligence and your mastery of the subject, crucial for the challenging nature of PhD studies.

If you’re applying to a grad school for a doctoral program, admissions committees will scrutinise both your graduate and undergraduate GPA. However, a strong performance in your master’s program can significantly offset a lower undergrad GPA.

This improvement signals your capability to adapt and excel in graduate studies, an essential trait for any PhD student.

It’s also important to understand that PhD admissions are not solely dictated by GPA. Many programs value a well-rounded application, including your:

• Work experience
• Research interests, and
• Personal statements.

If you’re worried about a low GPA, remember that these components can also play a pivotal role in your admission.

In the realm of grad school, the GPA requirements can vary significantly. Some schools may require a minimum GPA of 3.0, while others might set their standards higher. But don’t be disheartened if your GPA doesn’t hit the high mark.

A good master’s GPA for PhD programs is not just about hitting a number; it’s about demonstrating your potential as a graduate student and future researcher.

So, while you should strive for a good GPA, don’t overlook the significance of a well-rounded application when applying to your desired PhD program.

Factors Influencing a Good Master’s GPA 

As you navigate through your Master’s program, understanding the factors that influence a good GPA can be pivotal, especially if you’re eyeing a PhD program.

Let’s delve into what shapes your graduate school GPA and why it matters for your academic journey.

Firstly, your approach to coursework in your field of study plays a significant role. Graduate programs are more specialised than undergraduate studies, so a deep engagement in your chosen field is crucial.

This means not just aiming for a high GPA but truly immersing yourself in the subject matter.

A higher GPA in graduate school reflects your mastery of complex concepts and your readiness for the rigours of a PhD program.

Relationship With Professors

Your relationship with professors is another key factor. In grad school, professors are not just teachers but mentors who can influence your academic trajectory.

Engaging with them, seeking advice, and working on research projects can not only enhance your knowledge but also boost your GPA. Remember, a strong GPA – ideally above a 3.0 – is generally required for PhD admissions, and professors can offer invaluable guidance to help you achieve this.

Time Management

Balancing your workload is essential too. Graduate studies demand a higher level of commitment than undergraduate programs. This means:

• Managing your time efficiently
• Prioritizing tasks, and
• Ensuring that you’re not overwhelmed.

A well-balanced schedule can positively impact your GPA, helping you maintain consistency throughout your program.

Lastly, consider the specific requirements of the PhD programs you are interested in. Different programs and schools may have varying GPA expectations.

While some might require a minimum GPA of 3.0, competitive programs could demand a higher GPA. Knowing these requirements can help you set realistic goals and focus your efforts accordingly.

Remember, a good Master’s GPA is not just about hitting a number. It reflects your overall academic prowess, your dedication to your field, and your capability to succeed in a demanding academic environment.

As you work towards this goal, consider these factors to not only raise your GPA but also prepare yourself for the challenges of a PhD program.

How to Get Into a PhD Program with a Low Masters GPA

Getting into a PhD program with a low Master’s GPA might seem daunting, but it’s far from impossible. You just need to understand the role of GPA and how to strengthen other areas of your application.

GPA Is Not Everything

First, realize that GPA is just one component of your application. PhD programs often look beyond your GPA to gauge your potential as a researcher.

Admissions committees understand that a low GPA doesn’t necessarily reflect your abilities or commitment. In fact, a low GPA can sometimes be offset by strong performances in other areas.

For instance, if your Master’s GPA is below the average or minimum requirement for your desired PhD program, focus on strengthening your overall application.

This includes writing a compelling statement of purpose, where you clearly articulate your research interests and goals. Show how your experiences and skills make you a suitable candidate for the program.

Engage With The Faculty

Also, engage with faculty from the programs you’re interested in. This can give you insights into what the program values in a candidate and allow you to directly address any concerns about your GPA.

If you performed well in courses relevant to your field of study, even if your overall GPA is low, highlight this aspect in discussions with faculty.

Show Relevant Field Experience

Relevant field experience can also significantly boost your application. Whether it’s through internships, research assistantships, or other professional experiences, showing that you have practical knowledge and skills can be a major plus. 

On top of that, you can also present and publish papers in your field to show relevant experience, and also to cover up for a lower GPA.

Get Recommendations

Finally, strong recommendation letters can do wonders. Recommendations from professionals or academics who can vouch for your abilities and potential as a PhD student can carry significant weight. 

If your recommenders can attest to your strengths and potential, it can help balance out a lower GPA.

Wrapping Up 

In conclusion, while a good GPA for PhD programs typically starts at 3.0, it’s important to recognise that admissions committees consider more than just grades.

Your academic performance, relevant coursework, research experiences, and strong recommendation letters also play crucial roles. Tailoring your application to highlight your strengths, especially in areas directly related to your field of study, can compensate for a lower GPA.

Remember, a holistic approach to your application is key to success in PhD admissions.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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GPA for Grad School: Best Range for Acceptance [2024 Guide]

When graduate studies are on your mind, figuring out the right GPA for grad school is one of the first things you need to do.

Your previous college performance may play a role in determining which graduate programs are right for you. A high GPA could increase your chances of getting into a dream school, but lower stats won’t necessarily shut you out of grad studies.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

With a strategic approach, you can select the right program and build a graduate school application that highlights your strengths.

GPA for Grad School by Program Type

A grade point average (GPA) is a measure that describes your academic performance during a course of study.

Each grade that you earn is given a numerical value, and an average is calculated. GPAs usually range from 1.0 to 4.0, with 4.0 being the highest. Your undergraduate GPA is just one of the factors that graduate schools use to determine program admission. Colleges might also consider:

• Portfolio work
• Professional experience
• Standardized test scores

If one of these aspects is a bit weak, a strong showing in another area could make up for it. For example, if your GPA is lower than the requested minimum, stellar GRE scores could prompt the admissions committee to consider you anyway.

You’ll earn another GPA while in grad school. In some fields, especially academia, your graduate GPA may factor into your employability. It can also be important if you plan to work toward a doctorate next.

As far as grad school goes, having a clear idea of what sort of GPA colleges are looking for may help you figure out which program is best for you.

Medical Schools

Getting into a medical program may involve two different GPAs. Schools will of course look at your overall GPA. For some programs, they may require a GPA of 3.8 or higher.

They might also figure your GPA for your previous science studies and use that to determine whether you’re a good med school candidate. In addition to GPA, your MCAT scores will also be considered.

Law Schools

In general, law schools like to see a GPA of 3.5 or above. More selective schools may primarily admit students with GPAs of 3.8 or higher.

LSAT scores also factor into admissions decisions. Students with lower GPAs may boost their admissions chances by performing well on the LSAT.

Other Graduate Programs

GPA requirements can vary widely among schools and programs. A GPA of 3.0 is a fairly standard minimum. Of course, some programs set the bar higher.

Other schools will admit students with lower scores, particularly if their applications reflect their potential in other ways. High standardized test scores may convince schools that you’re ready for graduate studies. A strong resume could demonstrate your real-world abilities.

Role of GPA

When you were in your undergrad program, you earned grades. Those grades were used to determine your grade point average. The GPA that you earned could impact whether you’ll get into your top program choices for a grad degree.

In graduate school, you’ll start over with a fresh GPA. Once again, your grad scores you earn could have a say in where you’ll end up after grad school. GPA scores aren’t everything when it comes to mapping out your life plans. Even still, these figures come into play time and again as you move along your academic and professional path.

Does GPA Matter for Grad School?

Yes, your undergraduate GPA is taken into account when you apply to graduate programs. Most colleges like to see at least a 2.5 or a 3.0 from master’s program applicants. Some programs set their minimums at 3.3 or higher.

The minimum GPA for a doctoral program may start at 3.3. In addition to your overall score, the classes you took might be factored in as well. For example, admissions committees might prefer an applicant who took hard math and science classes and earned a 3.5 over one who took comparatively easy courses and got a 3.7.

If your bachelors degree GPA isn’t high enough to qualify you for your top grad programs, there are steps you can take to raise your appeal.

You could enroll in a post-baccalaureate program or a masters program with less stringent admissions requirements. By doing well in those programs, you could earn a new GPA that may do a better job of showcasing your abilities.

You might also be able to rely more heavily on other parts of your admissions packet. For instance, outstanding GRE scores might offset a lower GPA.

Does GPA Matter After College?

If you’re planning to continue your education after completing your graduate program, then it’s strategic to stay on top of your GPA. The scores you earn may determine where you can enroll for a second masters degree, for post-graduate work, or for a doctoral program.

Some employers, especially those related to academia, may take GPA scores into account. Universities may evaluate your graduate GPA and your research endeavors to determine whether you’d make a good professor.

Other employers may look at your graduate school GPA as well, but some may put more stock in your hands-on experiences, such as internships. Mentors in your field can provide insight into how much GPA matters for your specific line of work.

What’s Considered a Good GPA?

“Good” is a pretty subjective term. A GPA that places you a cut above at one school may position you solidly in the middle of the pack at another. Even still, there are some general GPA guidelines that may help you figure out whether you’d be considered a strong candidate for most graduate programs.

First of all, top scores are highly valued. Having a 4.0 may help your application stand out, no matter where you apply. Other than that, graduate school GPA requirements can vary significantly. Some programs set the minimum score for applicants at 3.5. Others go as low as 2.5. As a general rule of thumb, most colleges like to see at least a 3.0 GPA.

Schools will typically state their minimum GPA requirements. If you want a better idea of what types of schools to look for, various characteristics of the college may give you clues.

To help you with this evaluation, you can ask yourself questions like:

• Do I want a master’s degree or a doctorate? Doctoral programs often require higher GPAs than master’s programs.
• How selective is this school? Colleges with prestigious reputations may have more stringent requirements. That’s not universally true, though, and there are even top-end colleges that set no minimum GPA stipulations.
• What field of study interests me? Medical and law schools are often known for having some of the highest GPA requirements.

Luckily, you don’t have to figure this out all on your own. Most colleges publish facts and figures about their incoming classes’ GPAs. It can be helpful to check out this data before applying. That way, you can get a better idea of how a school’s stated GPA requirement matches up with its actual admissions practices.

Another thing to note is that some colleges not only look at your overall GPA but also consider how difficult your classes were. They may also figure in your GPA from select departments, such as your math scores or your grades in your major classes. Schools may also check to see what scores you earned during your junior and senior years.

How to Get into Grad School with a Low GPA

Your GPA can have an impact on whether you’ll get into the grad school of your dreams, but it’s not the only factor that most schools will consider.

If you can prove that you have what it takes to succeed at graduate studies in other ways, then you may manage to score admission to your chosen programs. You might make your case with:

• GRE or other exam scores . Colleges want to know that you can learn complicated subject matter, tackle hard assignments, and stick with a grad program. In part, that’s what the GRE and other grad school tests are for. Schools often figure that you’ll do well in a graduate program if you get high marks on one of these tests.
• Industry certifications . Perhaps you’ve earned industry certifications. Often, becoming certified requires taking courses, studying materials, and passing tests. Some grad programs may look favorably upon prestigious industry credentials.
• Personal essay . If you write a personal essay for the admissions process, you can have the opportunity to explain your poor undergraduate performance and to put forth your plan for doing better in grad school. If the admissions committee sees that you have a clear goal for grad studies, they may be convinced that you’ll be driven to succeed.
• Portfolio . You may have a portfolio that showcases some of the work in which you’ve been involved. For certain programs, admissions committees may review your portfolio materials during the admissions process. If they like what they see, it can help your case.
• Professional references . Your supervisors, whether past or present, may be able to testify to your drive and work ethic. If they write you glowing references, that can contribute to a strong application packet.
• Work experience . A lot may have changed since you were last in school. Your professional efforts may demonstrate that you’re ready to buckle down and work. Your resume may include impressive positions that you’ve held or major projects in which you’ve been involved. Those might look good to an admissions committee.

If you do get accepted to grad school with a low GPA score, it may be on a provisional basis. After you prove yourself in your first few classes, you might receive full acceptance to the program.

Typical Grad School Admissions Requirements

GPA scores are just one portion of the admissions process for graduate students. Most admissions committees will review a variety of materials to determine whether you’d be a good fit.

Here are some common materials you may need to send in:

• Personal statement . In a short essay, you can write about your past experiences or future plans.
• References . Letters of recommendation from your work supervisors may convince the admissions committee that you’d be a good addition to the program.
• Resume . A curriculum vitae or a resume may highlight your relevant career milestones.
• Test scores (if required) . Although the GRE is commonly used for grad school admissions, many schools are relaxing their rules about the need for standardized tests.
• Transcripts . Official transcripts from previous college programs will show your GPA as well as what classes you’ve taken.

Admissions policies can vary greatly, so it’s beneficial to review all requirements carefully. For example, more and more, there are grad schools that don’t require the GRE for graduate school applications.

How Important Is GPA in College?

While you’re in school, your GPA can make all the difference in your success. If your score drops too low, you might be removed from your program, or you might not be able to graduate. A low GPA may also end your eligibility for financial aid or scholarship programs.

Many schools put students on academic probation when their GPAs start to falter. While disheartening, getting put on probation may provide the motivation you need to turn things around.

Is a 3.7 GPA Good for Grad School?

Yes, a 3.7 is typically considered a strong GPA for grad school admissions. While each school sets its own policies, most programs will at least review the applications of students with a 3.7 GPA.

Some highly competitive colleges may have incoming classes in which the students’ average GPA is higher, but that doesn’t mean that a 3.7 would rule you out. It might just serve as a reminder that you’ll need other impressive elements for your application as well. As a general rule, though, having a 3.7 GPA does help students get into grad school.

Is a 3.4 GPA Good for Grad School?

Typically, a 3.4 is a pretty good GPA for masters program admission. It’s not a guarantee that you’ll get into your program of choice, but it’s often enough to qualify for sending in an application.

Some fields of study are more competitive than others, though. There are individual colleges with particularly stringent admissions guidelines that may require a higher GPA. All in all, there are plenty of fields of study and colleges for which a 3.4 is more than sufficient.

Can I Get into Grad School with a 3.2 GPA?

Grad school GPA requirements often start at 3.0. In those cases, you would make the cutoff with a 3.2. Your grades wouldn’t guarantee admission, but they’d at least qualify you to apply.

There’s stiff competition for admissions at some colleges, though. Such schools may set the GPA bar higher than a 3.2. Although they’ll likely still take your application, they may give priority to applicants with higher scores.

Of course, your GPA is only one piece of the admissions puzzle. If you have an impressive professional track record or great GRE scores, a 3.2 GPA may be more than enough to carry you.

Can Work Experience Make Up for Not Having a High Grade Point Average?

Yes, work experience is usually one of the factors that admissions committees consider when deciding which students to admit to their graduate programs. It may not rank as high as GPAs, but work experience can still be quite influential.

Your work experience can be demonstrated in a variety of ways. For example, a resume that shows how much time you’ve spent in the field could be beneficial. Personal recommendation letters, a noteworthy portfolio, or industry credentials could help as well.

Is a Student’s Major Considered When Graduate Schools Look at GPA?

Schools may pay attention to your college major, but they don’t usually weigh your GPA based on that information.

Students often apply to graduate programs in fields that are similar to their earlier studies. If the majority of applicants come from the same general field, then there’s not much value in adjusting GPA results based on major.

Even still, some schools will consider how hard your first college program was. For competitive programs, a slate of advanced math and science courses may give you a slight edge.

What If I Don’t Have a 3.0 for Grad School?

Many admissions committees will evaluate your overall readiness for grad school rather than writing you off because of a low GPA. You can also look for colleges with no GPA minimum or a 2.5 threshold.

Believe it or not, you can get into grad school with a 2.5 GPA if you can you demonstrate that your grades got better in your last two years of school. Some colleges are willing to forgive a rough start to higher education if you improved as time went on.

Your professional track record can also serve as a testimony to your abilities. For some programs, impressive work achievements or letters of reference from supervisors may be more influential than your GPA.

What’s the Difference Between a Weighted vs. Unweighted GPA?

As you check out schools’ admissions policies, you may come across two different GPA terms: weighted and unweighted. Here’s how they compare:

Grad schools typically take into account weighted versus unweighted when comparing two applicants’ GPAs.

What’s the Difference Between a Major GPA vs. Overall GPA?

While your overall GPA might be the first thing that grad schools notice about you, your major GPA might make a difference for your admissions chances as well.

An overall GPA is also known as a cumulative GPA.

Closing Thoughts

There’s no hard and fast rule about what GPA you’ll need for grad school admissions. While higher is often better, it’s not the only thing that counts in the admissions process.

If you have not taken the GRE, or if your scores were not as high as you would like, keep in mind that there is a growing number of universities that don’t require the GRE for admission decisions.

Many students who started with shaky academic track records have gone on to find success in grad school. If you can prove your readiness through test scores or professional experience, you may be able to count yourself among that group.

If you hope that grad school is in your future, you may want to take a look at accredited colleges to see which ones offer the best opportunities for you.

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Whether you’ve just finished your undergraduate degree or you want to pivot your career, grad school may be the next logical step in your educational and professional development.

But how do you apply to graduate school so you have the best chance at receiving that coveted acceptance letter? Read on to learn how to submit the perfect graduate school application to impress admissions officers. For information on due dates and a printable timeline, check out our  grad school application checklist .

How Grad Schools Evaluate Your Application

The exact criteria for  graduate school admissions  vary depending on the school and program. Still, there are certain qualifications, including GPA and grades from specific undergraduate courses, that all admissions officers consider. Most graduate programs look for a minimum 3.0 GPA.

A Graduate Record Examination (GRE) score of at least 318 is considered strong and can help your application. A professional resume with work experience related to your program is often helpful or required. Programs typically ask for letters of recommendation and a  graduate school admissions essay  as well.

Are You a Good Fit for the Program?

Whichever program you apply for, you must first make sure it’s a good match. Consider the following questions before submitting your application:

• Do you love the field of study the program you’re applying to focuses on?
• Do you have an undergraduate degree or work experience in an area related to your graduate school program of choice?
• Will earning this degree help you advance your career or earning potential?
• Do you have the resources to pay for graduate school, either through your own funds or through loans, grants and scholarships? For more information about this, see our guide on  how to pay for graduate school .

Taking time to reflect on these questions can help you decide whether graduate school is right for you. You can also reach out to professors, students and alumni to get a better feel for your prospective program. You might even schedule a tour of the campus before applying.

Do You Have Relevant Internship or Research Experience?

Internships and relevant work experience may not make or break your graduate school application, but they can help set your application apart from the rest. Once you’re in a graduate program, you may be required to complete an internship or research work to graduate.

What Does Your Statement of Purpose Demonstrate?

A statement of purpose or personal statement tells admissions committees more about you. This essay should touch on your interests, especially as they relate to the graduate school program. The statement of purpose should also describe what you can bring to the program and why you want to be a part of it.

What Do Your Letters of Recommendation Demonstrate?

Letters of recommendation are important for graduate school because they show that credible academics and professionals think highly of you and believe you would be a good asset to the program you’re applying to.

An effective letter of recommendation is written by someone who knows you well academically or professionally, such as a professor, mentor or work supervisor. It should include titles of relevant research articles you’ve written, academic awards and honors and relevant academic activities like projects, presentations or research studies.

What Do Your Undergraduate Transcripts Show?

Simply put, official undergraduate transcripts verify that you attended the school you said you did and maintained a GPA that’s consistent with the program’s requirements. Undergraduate transcripts also allow admissions officers to see whether you took courses relevant to your prospective course of study.

How Are Your GRE Scores?

Most graduate school programs require students to take the GRE as part of the application process. An overall score of 318 or higher is considered a good score, so you’ll want to give yourself plenty of time to study and retake the test if needed before your grad school application is due.

Is Your Prior Academic Experience Relevant?

While you don’t always need an undergraduate degree in the same field as the graduate program you’re applying to, admissions officers typically consider relevant undergraduate coursework, research projects and work experience when reviewing applications.

Statement of Purpose Tips

Your statement of purpose gives you the chance to show some individuality and let your personality shine through. You should aim to leave a memorable impression and craft a well-written, concise statement of purpose to boost your application. See our tips below for writing a statement of purpose.

Follow the Prompt Carefully

Be sure to answer all of the questions in the prompt to give admissions officers all the information they need. Additionally, make sure to follow any guidelines for things like style, font and file format. While these factors may seem small, incorrect formatting can lead to your application being disqualified.

Get Personal

This is your chance to tell your story. Write a statement of purpose that only you could write. Does your passion for medicine date back to an injury or illness you had as a child? Did you grow up watching Law & Order and feel inspired? These details remind graduate admission committees that you are a well rounded person with much to offer.

Discuss Your Goals

Aside from how your own personal and career goals relate to the program, you should also touch on how you can contribute to your school or program of choice. Do you plan on collaborating with colleagues or contributing to your institution’s research goals? Make this known in your statement of purpose.

Know Your Audience

What is the culture of the school or program you’re applying to? What does the institution value? Spend some time on its website and social media accounts to find out. You can even reach out to current students and alumni to get a better idea so you can tailor your statement of purpose accordingly.

Proofread and Revise as Needed

Don’t just write your first draft and send it off. After writing it, take some time to sleep on it, then come back and read and revise with fresh eyes. You should also have someone like a professor or tutor read your statement of purpose and provide feedback.

Interview Tips

The interview is a big part of the graduate school application process if your program requires one. Make sure to come ready and prepared.

Do Your Research

Read up on the university and program you’re applying to so you can sound knowledgeable and interested during the interview. Answer questions such as, how big is the program or school? What have its graduates gone on to do? What are the program requirements?

You can also read up on any academic articles or research professors in your program have created.

Prepare Questions for Your Interviewer

Remember, this isn’t just about the school interviewing you. You’re also interviewing the program to determine if it’s a good fit for you. What career and network opportunities are available to students and alumni? What about grants and scholarships? Will you be paired with a mentor or an advisor?

Practice With Mock Interviews

Practice makes perfect. Look into common graduate school interview questions, and practice with a professor, classmate or friend. You can even practice solo using these  20 Graduate School Interview Questions .

Bring a Professional Portfolio

Depending on the nature of your work, it may be helpful to bring in a professional portfolio, such as if your speciality is print graphic design. Other subject areas like writing or research lend themselves to online portfolios, which you can send to your interviewers ahead of the scheduled interview.

What Does a Grad School Application Look Like?

In addition to your transcripts, test scores, statement of purpose and portfolio, your graduate school application will require some basic background information about you.

Biographical Information

• Full legal name
• Any previous legal names used
• Age and date of birth
• Social Security number

Ethnicity Information

Ethnicity information about applicants and current students is used by the university to see if it is meeting diversity quotas and to share with stakeholders. You may select one particular ethnicity, or choose options like “other,” “multiracial” or “decline to state.”

Military Status

Scholarships, grants and special services can be available to active-duty and reserve military service members and veterans.

Contact Information

• Current mailing address
• Current phone number
• Current email

Program Selection

• The program you’re applying to
• Any speciality or concentrations available as part of your program

Academic Interests

• Specialities in your program that you want to focus on
• Research topics or projects you want to pursue

History of Education

• Undergraduate degree and major
• Academic achievements and awards

Standardized Test Information

• *GRE scores (Check with your program as some may no longer require or accept GRE scores )
• Scores from any other required tests

Financial Aid

Deadlines for financial aid often coincide with deadlines for admissions. Make sure to submit the FAFSA to ensure you qualify for as many financial aid resources as possible. Visit the  Federal Student Aid  website for more information, and check out our guide on  how the FAFSA differs for graduate school .

Previous Employment

• Relevant work history related to your program
• Internship or research experience related to your program

Do you speak the primary language spoken in the area where your campus is located? Do you speak more than one language? These are things admissions officers will want to know.

Supplemental Information

• Certifications or special licenses or training
• Special Awards

Reference Information

• Contact information, like phone numbers and emails, for professors, mentors and work supervisors who are willing to provide a reference

Upload Documents

When submitting your online application, make sure to upload all required documents so your application will not be disqualified.

Application Fee

• Graduate school application fees can range from around $60 to more than $100. You must pay this fee before you can submit your application.

Confirm and Submit Form

• Finally, make sure to confirm that all your information is correct and all necessary documents are uploaded before you submit your application.

This article was originally published on Forbes.com on Feb. 3. 2023. Author is Ryah Cooley Cole, and Editor is Brenna Swanston.

PhD Admissions Frequently Asked Questions

Prospective applicants (phd).

While there are no specific prerequisite courses to complete before applying, previous experience has shown that before starting the core courses students need to have mastered the material in courses such as Stanford's Math113, Math115, Stats116, Stats200, and CS106A (or their equivalents at other universities), as demonstrated by very strong and relatively recent grades. Descriptions of these courses may be viewed on Stanford's ExploreCourses course listings pages. Where this background is missing or not recent, admission to the PhD program will involve working with the Graduate Director to design an individual program to make up the necessary courses.

No, applicants with only a bachelor's degree are eligible to enter our PhD program. Each year's admitted cohort typically comprises both students with and without a master's degree.

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, Stanford reaffirmed its commitment to perform individualized, holistic review of each applicant to its graduate and professional programs. We recognize that students may have faced significant challenges during the period of disruption caused by the pandemic, and we will take such individual circumstances into account during application review. Importantly, we will respect decisions regarding the adoption of Credit/No Credit and other grading options during this unprecedented period of COVID-19 disruption, whether they are made by institutions or by individual students. Our goal remains to form graduate student cohorts that are excellent and encompass a diversity of perspectives, backgrounds and experiences that enrich the graduate educational experience.

No. In the Statistics Department, doctoral students select their advisor at the end of their second year in the program after having the opportunity to work on research with one or more faculty of their choosing.

No, we only matriculate students in autumn quarter and therefore all applicants must meet the annual PhD application deadline.

No. It is not possible to complete a degree online in the Statistics Department. The department offers a small number of courses online through Stanford Online , mostly in summer, but the majority of courses must be completed on campus during normal business hours.

The Bechtel International Center works with students, staff and faculty and their families on issues including immigration policy, academic and financial difficulties, transactions with foreign governments, English proficiency, housing, and adjustment to life at Stanford.

Please visit Estimated Expense Budget for information about the estimated cost of living on-campus as a graduate student (this is only an estimate; your actual expenses may differ).

Please visit Student Housing for information about campus housing at Stanford, including information on eligibility, the application process, and deadlines.

Applicants to any graduate program at Stanford are eligible to apply for this fellowship. Applicants must have applied to the Scholars program by the KHS deadline and must submit their graduate application by the dept/program deadline.

Students with a strong mathematical background who wish to go on to a PhD in Statistics should consider applying directly to the PhD program. Completing the MS in Statistics does not increase one's chances of admission to the PhD program.

No, you may apply to only one degree program per academic year. An exception is within the Biosciences, in which you may apply to up to three PhD programs within one application. However, you may apply concurrently to one departmental program and to a professional school program (law, medicine or business).

We receive approximately 200 PhD applications and usually admit 10-12 new students each year.

Graduate Exam Requirements (PhD)

The general GRE test is required of all applicants applying to a graduate program in statistics at Stanford University, including applicants who have previously attended graduate school.

No, we do not accept any tests in lieu of the GRE general test.

Admission to the Statistics Department requires the GRE general test.

Applicants who have already earned a PhD degree, or have PhD studies in progress with a degree conferral date prior to the intended start quarter, may request a GRE General Test waiver by emailing stat-admissions-PhD [at] lists.stanford.edu (stat-admissions-PhD[at]lists[dot]stanford[dot]edu) with the following information and attaching an unofficial copy of your PhD transcript: full name, institution attended, degree earned, and degree conferral date. Use the subject heading 'GRE General Test Waiver Request'.

We do not have a minimum GPA requirement for applicants to the PhD program, but GPAs of at least 3.5 are strongly recommended.

While we have not established any particular GRE test score necessary for admission, the average General GRE percentile scores of recently admitted applicants are Verbal 92%, Quantitative 94% and Analytical Writing 83%. If you submit results from more than one eligible test date we will consider the higher of the scores from each relevant test.

No, you do not need to take the GRE Math Subject test. Effective May 2024, this test is optional. If submitted as part of the application, GRE Math Subject Test scores will be considered by the admissions committee. Applicants submitting GRE Math Subject Test scores are still required to submit GRE General Test scores. GRE Math Subject Test schedule .

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores are required of all applicants whose first language is not English. For detailed information, see the TOEFL information in Required Exams.

The University does not accept IELTS scores in lieu of the TOEFL.

A minimum TOEFL score of 100 on the Internet based test (iBT) is required by Stanford University for all Ph.D. applicants.

However, please note that the Graduate Admission's Required Exams webpage also states that incoming students who score below 109 on the TOEFL will likely be required to complete additional English placement testing prior to enrollment. Evidence of adequate English proficiency must be submitted before enrollment is approved by Graduate Admissions.

The average TOEFL score of Ph.D. applicants admitted to the statistics department is 112.

Yes, Stanford accepts MyBest scores, but does not accept TOEFL Essentials test scores or any other English proficiency test (e.g., IELTS, PTE).

You may request a waiver if you (will) have an equivalent degree from a recognized institution in a country other than Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom in which English was the language of instruction. You must submit a Stanford application before submitting a TOEFL waiver request form. Note that U.S. citizenship does not automatically exempt an applicant from taking the TOEFL if the applicant’s first language is not English.

Please make sure to have your electronic scores sent to Stanford prior to their expiration date.

GRE scores are valid for five years from the test date.

TOEFL scores submitted to Stanford must be from a test taken within the last 24 months. Scores expire after two years and will not be available from ETS.

Applicants should have the Educational Testing Service (ETS) send scores electronically to Stanford.

Our university code is 4704. A department code is not required. You will either self-report your scores or indicate the date you will take the test(s) in the online application. Self-reported scores will not be considered official until Stanford receives the electronic record.

Transcripts (PhD)

Official transcripts should be submitted to the Graduate Admissions Office (not to the department) only if you have been offered admission to the program AND have accepted, and then only when they are final and show degree conferral. Final official transcripts that do not show degree conferral must be accompanied by official degree certifications. Instructions for submission are provided on the status page immediately after accepting the offer.

An official transcript must be an original document bearing the institutional seal and official signature of the Registrar or is verified by a school administrative officer or is a certified electronic transcript.

As part of the online application, applicants are required to upload scanned copies of transcripts (either official or unofficial) from all post-secondary institutions attended as a full-time student for one academic year or longer in the 'Academic History' section of the application.

If you have participated in a study abroad program or transferred courses to your home institution, and the individual courses and grades are reflected on the transcript of the home institution, then you do not need to submit separate transcripts for the study abroad/transfer institution.

Copies of your transcripts from continuing studies programs, extension schools, online courses, etc., that reflect less than one year of a full-time degree program do not need to be submitted. However, applicants may choose to include them as part of the online application under the 'Additional Information' section of the application.

Multiple page uploads are allowed for all transcripts. Do not send any official copies of transcripts (print or e-transcripts) to the department. They are not required as part of the application and will not be retained.

If the institution does not issue records in English, original language records must be submitted with official English translations. We accept translations issued by the institution or a professional translating service. Translations must be literal and complete versions of the original records. Transcripts submitted through a credentials evaluation service will also need to be accompanied by the original documents.

International students do not need to submit transcripts via an evaluation service unless your institution does not offer these documents in English.

If you are offered admission and choose to accept, you will find i nstructions provided on the status page immediately after accepting the offer.

Recommendation Letters (PhD)

The online application allows you to submit up to four letters of recommendation. Statistics PhD applicants are only required to submit three letters. It is the quality, not the quantity, of letters that supports and strengthens the graduate application. At least one recommender should be a faculty member at the last school you attended as a full-time student (unless you have been out of school for more than five years). Note: If you have concerns that one of your recommenders will not be able to submit their letter by the deadline, you may want to consider requesting letters from a total of four recommenders. This will increase the likelihood that three letters will be submitted by the deadline and that your application will be considered complete.

You should choose individuals who:

• Know you well through significant, direct involvement with you within the last three years
• Will provide detailed anecdotes and examples to support their assertions
• Are truly enthusiastic about writing a recommendation for you, will spend sufficient time writing a thoughtful letter, and will be able to submit it by the application deadline

Letters must be submitted using the electronic application. As part of the online application, the applicant will be required to register the names and contact information, including e-mail addresses, of each recommender. Recommenders will then receive an email with directions on how to proceed. For additional information, please visit the Letters of Recommendation page provided by the Office of Graduate Admissions. Letters must be received by the published deadline. It is the applicant's responsibility to ensure that letters are submitted to the electronic application by the published deadline. Do not email, mail, or fax letters of recommendation that have already been submitted through the online application.

Yes, we do accept letters submitted by your university's letter service. If this applies to you, you will still need to enter information for each recommender in the online application, including e-mail addresses which will automatically generate the email to each recommender requesting a letter. It is your responsibility to contact them to let them know to disregard this email and to use the university's letter service. Please use stat-admissions-phd [at] lists.stanford.edu (stat-admissions-PhD[at]lists[dot]stanford[dot]edu) when routing through the letter service.

The recommendation process now supports letters submitted via Interfolio. The applicant registers a recommender using an email address that contains “interfolio.com”. Please remember that letters written specifically for your Stanford graduate program tend to be stronger than letters written for general use purposes. Furthermore, the recommendation form displayed for a recommender using Interfolio will not include the evaluation questions displayed and required for other recommenders.

Your recommenders are required to submit their letters through the online application by the deadline of the round in which you apply. You are responsible for ensuring the letters are submitted on time. You will be able to see the status of each letter (either notified, started, or submitted) and you will also be able to send a reminder via the online system to any recommender who has not yet submitted as the application deadline draws near.

• Register your recommenders. Go to the “Letters of Reference” tab on the application, and enter each recommender’s information carefully. It is essential that you enter the recommender’s email address correctly so that your recommender can access the instructions and form. Read the waiver statement for each letter of reference and determine whether or not you will waive your right to review each recommendation. You cannot change this later.
• Your recommender receives an email with log in information.
• Your recommender completes and submits his/her recommendation.
• You and your recommender receive an email confirming the recommendation has been submitted.

Once you are an enrolled student , the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) provides you with a right of access to your education record, including letters of reference if they are retained by the school. The law also permits you to waive that right of access to your letters of reference if you so choose. Waiving your right of access to your letters of reference is optional; your decision to waive or retain that right will have no bearing on the handling of your application.

The recommenders whom you notify will be able to see whether or not you have waived your FERPA right of access during the letter of reference submission process. You must waive or retain your rights of access to your letters of reference (using the online application system) before you invite recommenders to submit information for you.

Application Updates, Transfers, Re-applications, Deferrals (PhD)

Yes, you may make certain updates to your application after submitting it: consult the Grad Admissions FAQs for details . Scroll down to 'Post-Submission'.

Updates made PRIOR to the application deadline will be considered part of the initial application and will be reviewed by the admissions committee. However, although the application system will still allow applicants to make some updates AFTER the deadline, there is no guarantee that the admissions committee will review them.

Applicants who indicate that they would like to be considered for the master's program in the ' Program Selection ' section of the online application are eligible to request that their application be reviewed by the MS Admissions Committee.

In order to pursue this option, applicants must submit an email request within three business days of receiving the PhD admissions decision notification. Note that it is not guaranteed that the MS Admissions Committee will accept your application for review. You will be notified via email whether your request has been approved.

Yes, you must submit a complete application, pay the application fee and submit new letters of recommendation and transcripts.

However, if your GRE and TOEFL scores (where relevant) are valid and still available in Stanford's system it may not be necessary to have them resent. Email stat-admissions-phd [at] lists.stanford.edu (stat-admissions-phd[at]lists[dot]stanford[dot]edu) for confirmation.

No. We do not allow deferral of admission. Students who are accepted but cannot enroll may reapply for a future year when they are available to begin their studies.

• Graduate School

Graduate Program Requirements: Your Roadmap to Grad School

Featured Expert: Dr. Charlene Hoi, PhD

Graduate program requirements are the first key for how to get into grad school . Most graduate programs have extensive and specific admissions requirements since these programs are a higher level of study and often more academic than bachelor’s degrees or diploma programs. Whether you’re applying for your master’s degree, a PhD or even to an online graduate program , the requirements will be consistent across programs. In this blog, we’ll explore the graduate program requirements for both master’s degrees and doctorate programs in the US and Canada, graduate requirements for these programs, plus tips on how to bridge any gaps in your applicant profile.

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free strategy call here . <<

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Article Contents 15 min read

Graduate program requirements: master’s degree.

Graduate program requirements, naturally, are higher than the admission standards for undergraduate programs, diploma programs and certificate programs. However, it’s important to note that all graduate programs may have different requirements, depending on the school, the program and the type of applicant (i.e. international or mature students). The admissions standards for graduate programs also tend to be higher, so it’s wise to be prepared when figuring out your grad school application timeline .

Graduate programs, as advanced studies in your chosen field, tend to be more academic in focus. They are designed to deepen your understanding and expertise in your field. Therefore, on top of the expected admissions essays, graduate school GPA requirements and applicant interviews, you’ll often be asked to prove you have undergraduate research experience and submit test scores for a graduate-level entrance exam.

Below is a list of the common requirements for master’s graduate programs:

Graduate Program Admission Requirements: Master’s Degree

• Relevant Bachelor’s degree and transcripts
• Minimum GPA
• Standardized test scores (program dependent)
• Graduate school statement of purpose
• Research interest statement or grad school career goals statement
• Grad school resume
• Grad school letters of recommendation
• Admissions interview

Note that the admission requirements for graduate programs in the US and Canada are similar, so whether your goal is to pursue a PhD at one of the top universities in the US or get a master’s degree in Canada , the application requirements will be almost identical.

We’ll cover each of these requirements in more detail next!

Would you like us to help you with your grad school applications? ","buttonText":"Free Strategy Call","buttonColor":"#ffffff","bannerUnderText":null,"belowButtonText1":null,"belowButtonText2":null,"trustpilot":false}" :url=""https:\/\/bemoacademicconsulting.com\/contact-schedule-free-strategy-call"" code="banner1" background-color="#000066" button-color="#ffffff" banner-image> 1. Previous Education

Most graduate programs require a 4-year undergraduate degree, or bachelor’s degree, to gain admission. Master’s degree programs may even list specific areas of study or a short list of acceptable bachelor’s degrees. This is where graduate program requirements can differ, since the requirements for a master’s degree in psychology will vary from those for a master’s in social work , for example.

The reason why you need to hold a bachelor’s degree, and one related to your chosen master’s program, is so that you meet any required prerequisite courses and to ensure you have the foundational knowledge in that field to succeed in a graduate program. Graduate programs are more in-depth educations on their subject matter, so if you don’t have any previous experience or instruction, you won’t have the necessary background or skills required. In some cases, the bachelor’s degree requirement can be waived in the place of years of work experience or other professional qualifications.

For example, advanced types of nursing degrees , such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) require you to hold either a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, to prove you have previous, formal education in nursing, or the RN qualification, which indicates you have a higher level of work experience as a practicing nurse. Either way, you need some prior qualification or education to succeed in an advanced nursing program.

2. GPA Requirements

Graduate programs also may list a minimum GPA you must meet to be considered for admission. For more competitive programs, this is usually a minimum of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale. Some programs may accept a lower GPA as long as you submit a standardized test score or meet some other criteria.

However, achieving this minimum GPA is often not enough to get into competitive programs. Many graduate programs are hard to get into, especially at top schools. To see how you measure up against the competition at these programs, check the average accepted GPA of students in these programs. This is the GPA you want to shoot for, or ideally, surpass for the best chances of admission.

Still, to get into grad school with a low GPA is possible with a strong application, very good standardized test scores and a good interview performance. You can offset a lower GPA and still have a shot of getting into your desired program, but you should also carefully consider which programs to apply to, based on your undergraduate GPA and the requirements of specific programs.

3. Standardized Test Scores

Many graduate programs require you to submit standardized test scores. For some professional programs, the standardized test will be unique to these types of programs. Applicants to law school will take the LSAT, medical school applicants will write the dreaded MCAT, and MBA applicants sit the GMAT.

However, a majority of graduate programs require you to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). While there are graduate programs that do not require the GRE , it is the most common standardized test used for graduate admissions in the US and Canada. It’s vital to invest in some GRE test prep and learn what is a good GRE score , so you can start preparing.

Your GRE scores, like your GPA, will be used as an indication of your academic ability and whether you’re ready for graduate school. Similar to minimum GPA requirements, you can check the average accepted GRE scores (or other test scores) at your chosen graduate programs and see what score you should aim for to be accepted.

4. Grad School Statement of Purpose

Think of your grad school statement of purpose as a more advanced version of your college essays. In this statement or essay, you’re answering the question of “ why do you want to join our graduate program” and why you want to study in your field at the graduate level.

You may also address your future career goals and how a graduate program will allow you to achieve these goals, such as in a grad school career goals statement. Every program may have different essay prompts or essay questions for you to answer, as well as guidelines on your statement length and intent. Read these carefully before you start writing!

If there are no guidelines for you to follow, take a look at some Ivy League grad school statement of purpose examples , for a clearer understanding of this essay’s structure, content and purpose. You can also look at essays tied to a particular kind of program, such as an MBA statement of purpose if you’re applying to graduate business school.

Check Out Our Podcast for More Free & Useful Content ","buttonText":"Go to Podcast","buttonColor":"#ff6600","bannerUnderText":null,"belowButtonText1":null,"belowButtonText2":null,"trustpilot":false}" :url=""https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/ca\/podcast\/bemo-admissions-experts-podcast\/id1642349082"" code="bannerpodcast" background-color="#000000" button-color="#ff6600" banner-image> 5. Experiences and Extracurriculars

Your work experience, academic experiences, extracurriculars and even your hobbies can help make or break your application to grad school. They can also give you a distinct advantage over the competition while also meeting grad program requirements.

Depending on the field you hope to gain a master’s degree in, research experience may be either strongly recommended or a hard graduate program requirement. If the graduate program you’re applying for is more academically focused, research experience can give you an advantage on your application materials and may be a strong requirement. If you’re lacking some concrete research experience and need it for a graduate program, take a look at some summer undergraduate research fellowships and internships!

Programs that are more skills or experience-focused, such as an MBA, might prefer years of direct work experience over research roles. This is why some graduate programs ask for an updated resume, a list of your extracurriculars or a full recording of your research experience. Check out what your chosen graduate programs require for admissions but also what they value or what they consider a “bonus” for applicants to have.

Let’s say you’re interest in how to get into nursing school . Aside from an undergraduate degree in nursing, direct experience working with patients is a must, and you can stand out in a nursing school application with volunteer experience and strong letters of recommendation from your nursing supervisors.

Here’s another example. One of the biggest MBA requirements is work experience. Many programs ask for at least 3-4 years of professional experience before you can apply to these programs.

6. Letters of Recommendation

While it’s possible to get into grad school without recommendation letters , they are a valuable asset to have on your application. Graduate programs usually require 2 to 3 recommendation letters for admission. And they may have certain guidelines for who can write your recommendations.

Most of the time, your recommendation letters will be written by your undergraduate professors, employer, volunteer supervisor, mentor or some other professional you have worked with in some capacity. When choosing your referees, focus on asking the individuals with whom you have a strong and positive relationship, and who can speak to your skills and suitability for grad school.

What we mean is, if you’re applying for a master’s in engineering, ask your employer or one of your undergraduate professors who is familiar with your skill as an engineer, your work ethic and technical ability. Applying to a graduate program in music? At least one of your recommendation letters should be from your music professor or mentor.

7. Grad School Interview

Not every program uses or requires a grad school interview, but it’s not uncommon for more competitive graduate schools to use interviews as a tool to narrow down the applicant pool. If you are invited to a grad school interview, accept the invitation! Use this as your opportunity to make a strong first impression and secure an acceptance letter by showing the admissions committee that you are a good fit for their program. Practice for your interview with some Ivy League grad school interview questions.

Remember that the grad school interview is a two-way street. Meaning this is also your opportunity to ask questions about a program and see if the program is a good fit for YOU and will meet your expectations. Ask your interviewer questions about the school, the campus culture, the program faculty and curriculum, opportunities for students and what the program has to offer students.

Graduate Program Graduation Requirements: Master’s

Let’s take a brief look at the graduate program requirements for graduation. To complete a bachelor’s degree, you need to calculate how many credits to graduate and complete specific courses to gain your degree.

A master’s degree is no different and will have both core coursework and electives you need to complete, as well as the minimum number of credits for completion. Aside from the coursework aspect of a master’s degree, there is one cumulative project you’ll need to finish: your master’s thesis or capstone project .

Different master’s programs have different final projects, but in general a master’s thesis is the final research paper or project required for academically focused programs, and a capstone is more a demonstration of knowledge and skill. However, these terms may be used interchangeably by graduate programs.

To prepare for you final project, you’ll need to know how to write a master’s thesis proposal and have it approved by your program’s supervisor. Then you’ll need to prepare for thesis defense , present your project to a panel of program faculty and answer thesis defense questions about your research. Once you’ve undergone this evaluation and your project has been approved and graded, you’re done!

Prepare for graduate school interview questions with these examples!

Graduate Program Requirements: PhD

PhD programs, or doctorate programs, are similar to master’s programs in that they are very academically focused. Research experience and a degree relevant to your desired field is essential. If you want to know how to get a PhD , the admission requirements are a little more specific and tougher to meet, and the graduation requirements are more extensive. This is reflected in how long it takes to get a PhD .

PhD programs also require extensive previous education and experience in your chosen field. Below is a list of the common requirements for a PhD program.

Graduate Program Admission Requirements: PhD

• Relevant Master’s degree and official transcripts
• Research proposal
• PhD motivation letter
• Statement of intent
• CV for graduate school  or  research resume
• Letters of recommendation
• PhD interview

As we can see, the requirements for a master’s degree and a PhD are remarkably similar, with a few exceptions for PhD applicants. Let’s go over these additional PhD requirements in detail:

1. Relevant Education

Like a master’s degree, a PhD requires extensive previous education in a field that’s either directly related to or highly relevant to the PhD program. Most PhD programs also require a master’s degree on top of a bachelor’s degree, because a master’s degree will provide you with the academic knowledge and research experience required to successfully complete a PhD.

A PhD is an intensive and research-focused program to enter into, and it usually takes many years to complete. Because it is a bigger commitment and is the highest qualification you can receive in most fields, it requires you first complete the foundational education steps before applying.

2. Research Proposal

A unique part of applying to a PhD program is the submission of a research proposal. Some programs will ask you to submit this during the application process, and others will give you time to develop one in the first year or two of your program.

Your research proposal details what you plan to research during your PhD program and what contribution you hope to make to the field in terms of academic research. Either during the application process or before you begin your final dissertation, be prepared to answer research proposal questions and defend your ideas to a panel of academics or your PhD advisor.

3. PhD Motivation Letter

PhD programs are curious to know why do you want to do a PhD ? Your motivation letter will answer this question. Your letter should discuss why you want to pursue an advanced degree in your field, what new information or insights you hope to contribute to your field, why you’ve chosen a specific PhD program and how a PhD is the necessary next step in your educational journey. A PhD is a huge undertaking, so you should be able to present a clear idea of why you want to take on this commitment and how it will benefit you, aside from just wanting to become an expert in your field or spend a little more time in school.

Graduate Program Graduation Requirements: PhD

PhD programs, being much longer and more intensive than master’s degree programs, nonetheless start with some of the same curriculum requirements.

The first year or two of a PhD begins with completing advanced coursework, both core and electives, in your chosen field of study. The completion of your coursework typically ends with the comprehensive exam, or comps, which evaluate your knowledge of all the coursework you’ve taken so far.

From here, you’ll work with your PhD supervisor or academic advisor, a member of the faculty who will advise and guide your research as a PhD candidate. Unless you’re completing a PhD without a dissertation , you’ll now embark on several years of research. The culmination of this research with be an original contribution to academic research in your field: your dissertation or PhD thesis.

While you’re completing your independent research and writing your dissertation, you may also have responsibilities as a PhD student. This can include teaching roles or participating in research with other academics in your department. This is essential if you want to know how to publish as a graduate student and get your name out into academic circles.

Once your dissertation is complete and approved by your advisor, you’ll once again need to prepare for thesis defense and present your original research to a panel of academics, who will either approve your project or send it back for revisions. This evaluation is sometimes conducted through an oral presentation of your work, called “orals”.

Once your dissertation is presented and approved, you’ll be eligible for graduation and awarded your degree!

Graduate program requirements can be intensive, and you might find that you’re missing a requirement or two when you start planning your applications. If this is the case, there are fortunately ways to fill any gaps that need to be filled without losing too much time or scrapping your goal of going to grad school.

We’ll start with master’s degree applicants and go over our tips for how to bridge common gaps in graduate program requirements, followed by PhD applicants:

Master’s Degree Applicants

• Your GPA is too low: If your GPA is too low, all hope is not lost. Your application may be strong enough to offset your low academic record, or your GPA may not matter as much to some graduate programs. However, you should still do whatever possible to raise your GPA if you still have time. Some programs will consider you despite a low GPA so long as you meet other criteria. You can contact the admissions office to ask if this is an option for you. Otherwise, take a look at the easiest graduate programs to get into, or the easiest PhD programs to get into , as these tend to have lower admissions standards.
• Your standardized test scores are too low: If your test scores are too low to get into the program of your choice, there are two options. You can either retake the test and try to earn a higher score, or apply exclusively to programs that don’t require standardized test scores. Many programs are test-optional, or accept different tests in lieu of the GRE. For instance, you can decide between the GMAT vs GRE for many graduate school programs.
• You don’t have the right degree: If you don’t have the right undergraduate degree or you lack an undergraduate degree, this can be a hurdle to getting a graduate degree. Some master’s programs allow applicants without a bachelor’s degree, or who have a different type of qualification, such as an associate degree or a diploma. It’s likely your qualifications will need to be relevant to the master’s program, and you may need to complete additional prerequisites, but check to see what exceptions a program might offer when it comes to previous education.
• You’re missing experience: Whether it’s work experience, research experience or an extracurricular activity that will strengthen your application, it’s worth doing whatever you can to stand out in your grad school applications. Before applying to your desired program, consider putting off applying until you can gain the missing experience you need.
• You’ve previously been rejected: Were you rejected from a grad school program previously? Of course you want to ensure you’re successful the next time around, but you may not know how to improve your application materials or what is preventing you from getting in. A grad school admissions consultant can make the difference here, as having an expert’s eyes on your application materials can help you identify what your weaknesses are.

PhD Applicants

• You don’t have a master’s degree: Do you need a master’s to get a PhD ? Normally, yes, but there are exceptions! Believe it or not there are direct-entry PhD programs you can apply for straight after finishing your bachelor’s degree. Keep in mind the requirements for these programs are usually very high, academically speaking, so you’ll need a strong GPA at the very least.
• You want to accelerate or combine your PhD: Getting your PhD takes a long time. After completing a 4-year bachelor’s degree, you’d normally finish a 2- or 3-year master’s degree followed by a PhD, which can take 6 years or more. If you’re interested in shortening this timeline, there are accelerated graduate programs or online graduate programs that are shorter. You can also pursue a dual degree program, which sometimes combines the curriculum of a master’s and PhD or two different graduate programs. Some examples would be an MBA Law dual degree or an MD-PhD . Looking for super fast online graduate programs? Look for 1-year PhD programs online or 1-year master’s programs .
• You’re not sure a PhD is right for you: Not sure a PhD is the best choice for your goals? Intimidated by the application process? Consider asking PhD consultants for help. These are professional admission experts who can walk you through the application process, the graduate school requirements and advise you on the right type of program for you.
• You can’t afford the cost of a graduate degree: The high cost of graduate school will deter many applicants from getting an advanced degree. Fortunately, there are many excellent graduate school scholarships , bursaries and awards you can apply for. Financial aid options are also widely available at many schools. Speaking to an admissions consultant or financial advisor about your options for grad school is also a good idea, since you’ll need a solid plan for funding your schooling. PhD candidates may be fortunate enough to find a fully funded program, meaning the cost of their program is covered, and they may even receive a stipend to cover their living costs. For PhD candidates who apply for PhD scholarships to help fund their degree, be sure to write a strong personal statement for PhD scholarship , since competition can be high.

The common requirements for a graduate program include a complete undergraduate degree, standardized test scores, a statement of purpose or personal statement, recommendation letters, a grad school CV and an admissions interview. Some programs will have additional requirements specific to their programs. It’s best to always check with the program directly what their admission requirements are.

To get into a PhD program, you typically need a strong GPA, a master’s degree in a relevant field, prior research experience, a motivation letter or personal statement, a resume, recommendation letters and a PhD interview. 

Getting into graduate school is definitely not easy, and some programs may be more competitive than others. Depending on the field, the school and the specific graduate program requirements, the acceptance rate for some grad schools is below 10%. However, with the right prep and a carefully crafted application, you can significantly increase your chances of getting in, provided you meet all the requirements.

Many graduate school programs have a minimum GPA requirement of 3.0. More competitive programs have a minimum GPA of 3.3 and above.

This can vary by program, but most graduate programs require or accept the GRE, or Graduate Record Examination. If you’re not sure what a good GRE score is for you, check what the average accepted scores are for your chosen programs. Your goal should be to achieve at least this average score to get into your desired program.

Most graduate programs accept applications directly through their online application portals. However, some professional graduate programs may have central application services you can use to apply to multiple programs at once.

If you’re missing some of the graduate program requirements, it is possible to bridge these gaps. Check what requirements you are missing and start making a plan to meet them before you start applying to programs. You can seek the help of a professional, such as an admissions consultant, or simply take a gap year to gain the necessary experience you’re missing.

Going to grad school can absolutely be worth it if it helps you achieve your personal and professional goals. Grad school is a big commitment, in both time and money, but for many students it is an opportunity to enhance their professional qualifications, deepen their knowledge of their field or even shift their career trajectory.

Aside from financial aid, grad school scholarships and bursaries, some students continue to work while going to school or receive financial help from their employer so they can pursue a degree that will enhance their professional qualifications.

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You are required to provide an undergraduate grade point average (UGPA) in the Additional Academic Information section of your application. Duke does not have an absolute cut-off point for UGPA when considering applicants, but it may be useful to review the averages and ranges for grades of applicants admitted in recent years (see the  Statistics section .)

How to Submit

Obtain your UGPA by following the directions below, then enter it in the online application.

How to Calculate Your UGPA

If you graduated or will graduate from a U.S. college or university and earned all of your degree credits in the United States , you should report the cumulative GPA and GPA grade scale that is stated on the degree-conferring transcript unless you are required to re-calculate your GPA based on the criteria below.

We require that you self-calculate your UGPA on a 4.0 scale if you have:

• Attended a college or university outside of the United States for all or part of your undergraduate degree program (not including study abroad);
• Submitted a transcript with any transfer credits; or
• Failed a course that appears on your transcript but is not included in your school’s calculation of GPA.
• Attended multiple undergraduate institutions.

How to Calculate Your UGPA:  

To self-calculate your GPA, please utilize the GPA Calculator from Scholaro Reports to create a line-by-line assessment of your UGPA.   Be sure to read the Important Reminders section below before you begin calculating your GPA.

Important Reminders about UGPA Calculations

• It is not necessary to pay for a credential evaluation when using the Scholaro Reports GPA Calculator.
• The UGPA should include all undergraduate course work completed at the time of submission of the application.
• School 1:  20 credits x 3.9 GPA = 78
• School 2: 123 credits x 3.5 GPA = 431 (rounded)
• Cumulative GPA = (78+431)/(20+123) = 509/143 = 3.6 (rounded)
• Do not include courses that were dropped or courses that did not award letter grades (e.g. satisfactory/unsatisfactory, pass/fail, credit only).
• If you repeated a course, include both grades for the course in your UGPA calculation. If you did not pass a course (e.g. received an F or E grade), you must still include the course grade in your UGPA calculation.
• Do not include graduate-level courses that you have completed unless they counted toward your undergraduate degree requirements. There is a separate place on the application for you to provide your graduate grade point average.
• If you do not find a grade scale that exactly matches your undergraduate institution’s scale, please use the scale that matches it most closely (e.g., applicants who have attended an Indian university that use a 70-100 point scale may use the United Kingdom scale).  
• You do not need to include study abroad classes.

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Gre prep online guides and tips, what is a good gpa for grad school.

When you graduated college, you were probably relieved that GPAs were finally over and done with — alas, that’s not the case if you’re applying to grad school. While there’s no overall minimum GPA for grad school, it can be tough to into grad school without stellar grades,  no matter how passionate you are about your chosen field. Still, it’s not impossible!

Come with me as we investigate the GPA needed for grad school and why GPA is such an important part of your grad school application. We’ll also teach you how to search for GPA expectations by program and give you tips on what you can do to make up for a low GPA.

Feature Image:  Blondinrikard Fröberg /Flickr, resized from original

What Is a Good GPA for Grad School Overall?

Aside from a 4.0 (which all grad schools love), what else is considered a good GPA for grad school? Unfortunately, there isn’t a precise answer because the exact GPA needed for grad school depends on the program you’re applying to . While some programs are OK with 2.5 or 3.0 GPAs, others balk at anything lower than a 3.5! As you can see, grad school GPA expectations can vary widely among programs, just like those for GRE scores .

This doesn’t mean there aren’t any major trends, though. Unlike undergrad admissions, it’s very common for grad schools to have specific GPA cutoffs. A GPA cutoff is the lowest GPA you can have in order to be considered for admission.  And based on our research, one of the most common grad school GPA minimums is a 3.0, or a B average .

For example, the  University of Wisconsin-Madison and UCLA  both require a minimum 3.0 GPA (for the junior and senior years) for admission into any grad program at their respective schools. While individual programs can vary in their GPA expectations, many grad schools possess school-wide GPA minimums.

On the other hand, some schools are a little more lenient with what GPAs they’ll accept — provided applicants can make up for their deficiencies in other ways . One example is  North Carolina State University , which states, “Provisional admission may be granted to students with related bachelor’s degrees from accredited institutions whose scholastic records are below the standards for admission.” In this case, applicants who don’t meet GPA requirements can still apply but will consequently face higher scrutiny as grad students if accepted.

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Lastly, some schools don’t have GPA cutoffs at all. And this isn’t limited to smaller, less competitive schools, either; even prestigious schools , such as Stanford’s Graduate School of Education , don’t always have minimum GPAs for their programs. Instead, they’ll review all applications, regardless of GPA! Pretty neat, eh?

To summarize what we’ve learned so far,  a 3.0 or higher is an overall solid GPA for grad school . But will you always need exactly a 3.0? And what kinds of factors affect grad schools’ GPA expectations anyway?

What Determines a Grad Program’s GPA Expectations?

Whether or not your GPA is good enough for a particular grad program depends on the following three factors:

• The competitiveness of the program you’re applying to
• The type of degree you’re seeking
• The field you’re entering

Below, I explain each of these factors using examples of real-life grad programs.

Competitiveness

First, let’s take a look at competitiveness . While a majority of grad schools require a minimum 3.0 GPA, others, mainly less competitive ones, accept GPAs in the 2.0s. For example, the University of Louisiana at Lafayette requires a GPA of at least 2.75. Even lower GPA minimums, such as the 2.5 GPA required for West Texas A&M University’s master’s program in interdisciplinary studies , are relatively rare but do exist.

On the flip side, more competitive programs typically require GPAs higher than the basic 3.0 minimum.  Purdue’s doctoral program in mechanical engineering , for example, strongly recommends a minimum 3.2 GPA. Generally, any grad programs at extremely prestigious institutions, such as Harvard or MIT, will have some of the highest GPA expectations, often 3.5+.

Master’s or Ph.D.

Graduate school GPA expectations also depends on whether you’re applying to a  master’s or doctoral program. Typically,  master’s programs accept lower GPAs than doctoral programs .

For example, at Illinois State University , the minimum GPA required for admission is 2.8 for master’s students and 3.0 for Ph.D. students. In commenting on this trend,  USC’s Department of Psychology  has stated, “Many master’s programs [in psychology] require a 3.0 GPA just to apply; many doctoral programs a 3.5 GPA.”

Clearly, it’s not atypical for grad programs to hold prospective doctoral students to higher standards than they do prospective master’s students.

Graduate Field of Study

In addition to competitiveness and degree type, your particular field of study can have an impact on how high your GPA needs to be for grad school.

Popular or lucrative grad fields, such as computer science, tend to command some of the highest GPA expectations, no matter the school or program. The University of Arizona  requires a minimum 3.2 for its master’s program in computer science. Meanwhile,  Purdue’s master’s program in computer science  requires a minimum 3.5 GPA, and  Stanford’s doctoral program  expects at least a 3.6!

All of these GPA expectations are higher than the general 3.0 minimum, which is likely due to the fact computer science is so popular (and thus competitive) these days. In 2016,  computer science was named one of the best grad degrees for securing jobs .

Why Is a Good GPA Important for Grad School?

Another question you probably have is, why are GPAs so important for grad school admissions? Undergrad GPAs provide one of the most objective senses of  how you are capable of performing at the university level  and how much academic potential you have . Because most grad programs require students to maintain a certain GPA (whether to satisfy program or fellowship requirements), it’s critical you prove — via your undergrad transcripts — your ability to earn consistently high grades.

GPAs also show grad schools how seriously you value your education and academia as a whole . Simply put, a high GPA emphasizes your preparedness for grad school in addition to your ongoing commitment to learning. (Likewise, a low GPA makes grad schools question why you feel you can succeed in grad school — an arguably much more difficult academic environment — if you struggled to find success as an undergrad.)

Furthermore, some schools value high GPAs because they are used to calculate school and program rankings . In short, high GPAs = high-quality students. And high-quality students, at the most basic level, indicate a high-quality program. (Of course, a program’s quality isn’t determined solely by the undergrad GPAs of its students; in reality,  schools and programs are assigned rankings using rather complicated methodologies .)

But what about your major GPA? Do grad schools care about your major GPA the same way they do your cumulative GPA?

How Important Is Your Major GPA to Grad Schools?

How important your major GPA is depends on the particular program you’re applying to. While many programs request only your cumulative undergrad GPA, other programs will specifically ask you to supply your major GPA . Some programs may even state a specific major GPA they’re expecting applicants to apply with. These expected major GPAs are usually much higher than the minimum GPA required for admission.

The good news is, if your cumulative GPA isn’t particularly high, an impressive major GPA might be able to make up for the deficit , as it proves you have the skills necessary to succeed in your chosen field (assuming your major is the same as the field you’re entering).

On the other hand,  if your major is unrelated to your chosen field of study, a major GPA isn’t really any more useful than a cumulative GPA . In this case, it’s best to stress the most relevant grades you have. For example, if you were a biology undergrad who is now applying for an M.F.A. in creative writing, bring attention to all of the high marks you received in any English literature or creative writing courses you took as an undergrad.

4 Simple Steps for Finding GPA Info for Grad Schools

Although you’re probably tempted to dive right into your grad school applications, take a little time to first research the GPA expectations of your programs . This way, you can weed out any programs you’re clearly unqualified for and get a sense for which ones you’ll need to work extra hard in order to prove you’re a worthy candidate.

To find the GPA expectations of your grad programs, follow my short step-by-step guide below.

Step 1: Make a Table

Begin by organizing all of your information into a simple table. In the leftmost column, fill in the names of each school you’re applying to or thinking of applying to. Then, across the top of the table, write “School,” “Minimum GPA,” “Major GPA,” “Average GPA,” and “Notes.” Finally, record your undergrad GPA somewhere at the bottom (preferably, both your cumulative GPA and major GPA, if available).

Let’s look at an example. Ava majored in English, earning a 3.4 cumulative GPA and a 3.7 major GPA. Now, she wants to get a doctorate in English literature; however, she has no idea how her GPA stacks up against the GPA expectations of the programs she’s applying to.

Here’s how Ava would fill out her table:

Step 2: Check School Websites

The simplest way to dig for information on your programs’ GPA expectations is to peruse your schools’ websites . As you do so, pay particular attention to FAQ and admissions requirements pages. If you’re not sure where to look online, you can also try searching for “[Your School] [Your Program] GPA.”

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But exactly what kind of information are you hunting for? Basically,  anything related to undergrad GPAs . Online, GPA expectations are typically offered in one of three ways:

• Minimum GPA: the lowest GPA with which you can apply to a program; usually required (or strongly recommended) for admission
• Major GPA: the recommended GPA for your major field (if the field you’re entering is the same as the one you majored in); usually higher than the minimum GPA
• Average GPA: the average GPA of incoming students; usually higher than the minimum GPA

Not all schools present information in the same way and very rarely do they list all of the types of GPA expectations described above. That said, a majority of schools should clearly state whether they have a minimum GPA requirement for prospective grad students .

Minimum GPA requirements are almost always set in stone. So if the minimum GPA for a school is 3.0 and you have a 2.95, you will not be considered for admission (unless, of course, you convince the school to make an exception for you). As previously stated, some schools are less strict about GPA requirements than others, but in the end a low GPA will still pose a challenge to getting accepted.

Let’s return to Ava for a moment. While looking at the webpage for  Ohio State’s English program , she discovers there is a 3.0 minimum GPA requirement for the grad school. She continues reading until she hits the following sentence: “Normally, applicants [to the English doctoral program] should have a GPA of at least 3.4 overall and 3.6 in English courses.” In other words, 3.0 is a required minimum (for the grad school), 3.4 is a strongly recommended minimum (for the program), and 3.6 is a strongly recommended major GPA.

Ava writes down what she’s found:

Next, Ava shifts her attention to USC. USC’s English literature program  doesn’t have any GPA minimums or major GPA expectations, but the grad school requires all applicants to have at least a 3.0 GPA.

Ava then looks up  UC Berkeley’s English program . This grad school, too, requires a minimum 3.0 GPA. In addition, its English doctoral program boasts an average GPA of 3.85. Ava records all of this in her table:

Unfortunately, Ava is struggling to find GPA information for the University of Chicago. After doing a little research, she encounters a short passage concerning GPA on the university’s English department webpage: “The Admissions Committee does not have specific cutoff levels for GRE scores and GPAs.” As there are no specific GPA expectations, Ava must now take an additional step and start conducting some research on the competitiveness of her programs.

Step 3: Compare Program Competitiveness

If a program you’re applying to offers little or no concrete GPA information, it’s time to  compare the competitiveness of your programs . I recommend starting with  U.S. News ,  a helpful and robust resource with loads of information on grad programs and their rankings.

Here’s what you’ll do, in order:

• Find a list comparing all major grad programs in your field. Try to find something no older than five years.
• Pinpoint all of your programs on the list and record each of their rankings in the “Notes” column on your table.
• Use the information you’ve found to estimate how high of a GPA you’ll need for the unknown program(s).

As we’re aware, Ava is struggling to find GPA information for the University of Chicago’s English doctoral program. She decides to look up English program rankings on U.S. News . Right away, she locates  this 2017 list of the top English graduate programs (note that the list does not differentiate between master’s and doctoral programs).

According to this list, UC Berkeley and the University of Chicago are tied at #1, Ohio State is ranked #30, and USC is ranked #33. Because the University of Chicago is one of the most highly ranked English programs, Ava can therefore assume its GPA expectations are similar to those for UC Berkeley (and, likewise, more difficult than those for Ohio State and USC).

Ava returns to her table and records her programs’ rankings in the “Notes” column. She then records estimated GPA expectations for the University of Chicago using the rankings she’s found and the GPA information she wrote down earlier for Ohio State and UC Berkeley:

Step 4: Determine Which Grad Schools Are Accessible

Now, you have a clear sense of which schools you can apply to and which will be more challenging to get into than others.

Ava’s 3.4 GPA is noticeably higher than the GPA cutoffs for all of her schools, so she shouldn’t have any problem getting her grad applications looked at; however, her chance at getting accepted varies depending on the program.

Her 3.4 GPA and 3.7 major GPA are both high enough for Ohio State’s English program and likely good enough for USC, too. On the other hand, a 3.4 GPA is markedly lower than the average GPA of current English doctoral students at UC Berkeley and (most likely) the University of Chicago. As a result, Ava will probably have a much smaller shot at getting admitted to these two schools than she will Ohio State or USC.

A table based on GPA alone can’t say for certain where you’ll get accepted, though. In reality, we can’t predict what programs will think of certain applicants. But through the simple process described above, you should be able to develop a clear idea of which schools you can apply to as well as which ones you’ll have to work extra hard for in order to stand out.

But what if your GPA isn’t high enough for any of your programs? The battle’s not over, I promise! Read on for the steps can you take to maximize your chance at getting accepted into grad school — even when your GPA just isn’t cutting it.

How to Make Up for a Low GPA: 6 Options

Let’s get something out of the way, first:  a low GPA doesn’t always mean you’ll get rejected . If your GPA is significantly lower than a school’s minimum, then, yes, you’re highly unlikely to get accepted. But if you can make a compelling case for yourself, or if your GPA is only slightly lower than a program’s GPA expectations, an admissions committee  might be willing to make an exception for you. So whatever you do, don’t freak out — it’s not totally impossible to get into grad school with a low GPA!

Besides GPA, though, what other factors and materials can prove you’re truly ready for grad school? Answer:  a ridiculously strong application . Here are our top tips for putting together a fantastic grad school application — even if you have a low GPA.

#1: Get a High GRE Score

Many grad programs consider GRE scores to be one of the most accurate indicators of your ability to study (and therefore comprehend) grad-level material. If you can score highly on every part of the GRE (or, at the very least, on the section more relevant to your field of study), your application will certainly stand apart from others !

In order to perform well on the GRE, you must first understand what constitutes a good GRE score  overall. For specific sectional scores, refer to our guides on how to set a goal score for the Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning sections.

Furthermore, be sure you know how to study efficiently for the GRE . Quick tips for studying include  using high-quality GRE prep books and taking as many practice tests as possible  to hone your test-taking skills. And if your score isn’t high enough, there’s absolutely zero shame in  retaking the GRE !

All of this goes for  GRE subject tests , too. If your programs require a GRE subject test, study as diligently and as often as you can so you can approach test day confident you’ll receive an excellent score. If you want to get an idea of how high to aim,  take a look at the current GRE subject test percentiles .

#2: Discuss GPA in Your Statement of Purpose

Applicants with below-average GPAs are usually expected to discuss their grades in their statements of purpose. Don’t think of this essay as a time to make excuses but rather as an opportunity to explain why you received poor grades and how you intend to make up for the low GPA as a grad student.

Whatever you do, don’t lie! Even if you’re embarrassed by your GPA or the reasons behind it, be as honest and as humble as you can be. Above all, emphasize your commitment to the program and your chosen field of study . How will this program ultimately assist you in reaching your academic and professional goals? What can you bring to this program that other applicants can’t?

Oh, and don’t forget to  show off your exceptional writing skills ! Typos and awkward grammar are a sure-fire path to rejection, but eloquence and cogency will place you in a brand-new light.

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#3: Secure Quality Letters of Recommendation

Another step you should take is to secure excellent letters of recommendation . Most of the time, these letters should be from (former) professors; however, you can also request letters from employers, mentors, or coworkers who can write about your academic interests, work ethic, and overall commitment to the field you’re trying to enter.

While you won’t be able to see the letters your recommenders write for you, you can make sure the letters they compose are high quality. To do so, only choose recommenders with whom you have positive, professional, and memorable relationships . Don’t just opt for the professor who gave you an A your sophomore year; carefully select people who can speak honestly and enthusiastically about your abilities.

#4: Reach Out to Professors

Contacting professors of the program you’re applying to is a great way to establish connections and ask questions about the application process.

When contacting a professor directly, always take the time to introduce yourself first , explaining why you’re interested in the program and why you’re contacting this professor specifically. Then, explain why you’re worried your low GPA isn’t high enough for the program . At this point, feel free to ask directly if the program has ever accepted applicants with similar GPAs or if there is anything you should include in your application to make up for the deficit.

Remember, professors are busy people and not all are open to divulging admissions information, so don’t expect a step-by-step guide on what you must do. Just be courteous and genuinely enthusiastic about the program and you’re sure to get some help!

#5: Get Experience in Your Field

Not everyone has the time or money to do this, but getting a little work or research experience in your field can give a humongous boost to your application . Most, if not all, of the time, a relevant professional background is a big plus to grad schools, as it demonstrates your dedication and overall zeal for the field on a career-driven level.

If you’ve conducted research in your field as part of your undergraduate career, you can compensate for a lower GPA, especially if you created notable research findings or published papers.

You don’t need to have years and years of experience, either — just enough to prove the field is an important part of your life. If you can’t find any paid positions or prefer something more short term, opt for (unpaid) internships .

#6: Take Open-Enrollment Courses

If you have a semester or two to spare before grad school applications are due, consider registering for individual courses at a local university . This is an excellent opportunity for you to showcase your commitment to studying the field. It also shows your ability to handle a college workload and perform well in an academic environment.

If your undergrad major is different from the field you want to enter, taking classes in the field is a convenient way for you to acquire some of the basic knowledge you’ll be expected to have for grad school.

Recap: What Is a Good GPA for Grad School?

The most common GPA needed for grad school is 3.0 , though exact grad school GPA expectations can vary a lot by program. Some schools do set strict cutoff GPAs, which generally range between 2.5 and 3.5, but you may be able to apply (and potentially get accepted!) even with a lower GPA.

To determine what a solid GPA for grad school is, we must look at the following three factors:

• How competitive a program is
• What degree you’re seeking (master’s or doctorate)
• How important GPA is to a program

Strong GPAs are important to grad schools because they emphasize your dedication to academia and your chosen field of study . GPAs also provide schools with a clear idea of how well you’re likely to perform at a more demanding educational level.

Occasionally, grad programs may want to see your major GPA, but the importance of a major GPA varies depending on the program and what you majored in .

Not all schools require a certain GPA for grad school applicants, but if you’d like to figure out what your programs’ GPA expectations are, follow these steps:

• Make a table for organizing what you find
• Search for GPA information on school websites
• Compare the competitiveness of your programs

Worried your GPA is too low for graduate school? Here are some tips you can use to increase your chance at getting accepted:

• Score highly on the GRE (both general and subject test, if required)
• Open up about your low GPA in your statement of purpose
• Secure quality letters of recommendation, preferably from former professors who know you well
• Contact professors
• Get some practical experience in your field
• Take individual courses in your field

In the end, don’t spend too much time worrying about graduate school GPA expectations. If you’ve got a high GPA, great! But getting into grad school with a low GPA isn’t impossible, either — it just takes a little more elbow grease.

With that, I wish you the best of luck on your grad school applications!

What’s Next?

Confused about grad school?  Read  our article on what grad school is and what it can offer you  to learn about the differences between a master’s degree and a Ph.D.

Wondering if you should take the GRE? Our detailed guide answers all of your questions  about getting into grad school — with or without GRE scores!

Got questions about the GRE? Check out our comprehensive GRE FAQ , and get information on  how the GRE is formatted and what it tests you on !

Ready to improve your GRE score by 7 points?

Author: Hannah Muniz

Hannah graduated summa cum laude from the University of Southern California with a bachelor’s degree in English and East Asian languages and cultures. After graduation, she taught English in Japan for two years via the JET Program. She is passionate about education, writing, and travel. View all posts by Hannah Muniz

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• Capella University Blog
• PhD/Doctorate

What qualifications do I need for a doctoral program?

November 17, 2015

If you’ve considered entering a doctoral program, you may have wondered what universities look for in a candidate, and what kinds of qualifications you need to get admitted. Tim Capelle, Senior Doctoral Program Manager at Capella University, provides some insights into that topic.

Minimum qualifications

It’s likely you’ll need prior education with a minimum GPA. “Most universities require a master’s with a minimum GPA,” says Capelle, “although some programs will allow you to earn a master’s along with the doctoral.”

On the GPA side, a typical expectation is a 3.0 GPA. “Most institutions won’t grant a master’s without a 3.0 GPA,” says Capelle. “Some do, but many won’t.” That doesn’t necessarily mean all is lost if you have a master’s with a GPA slightly lower than 3.0. “You can ask for exceptions through the school’s leadership. It’s not guaranteed, but if the GPA is close, it’s worth asking.”

Clinical and research qualifications

Depending on your program, you might be required to obtain licensure before applying for a doctoral program, or as part of the doctoral program. You may also need prior work experience or field experience in order to be considered for admission (again depending on the program).

You may find that some schools will have requirements regarding research topics. Some programs will have limits on what can be accepted as a research project for doctoral program admission. Even if you’re not sure what you want to research, if you’re in a program that will require a research project like a dissertation, it’s a good idea to find out what the school will or will not accept. If the acceptable research topics don’t appeal to you, it might be a sign to look for a different school or program.

Additional collateral

What kind of collateral material you’ll be expected to provide—letters of recommendation, goal statement, essay—is dictated by the program and the school, and the requirements can vary from no additional collateral to several pieces. Or you may want to apply to a program that doesn’t require these things, but perhaps your GPA isn’t quite high enough. In this case, the school may be willing to consider your application if you provide these additional pieces. 

A Final qualification

The one thing that’s hard to quantify is individual determination. “Some people underestimate what it takes to be successful,” says Capelle. “You really have to do your due diligence. How will you be successful in that program? How will you finance the program? How will you find the time to complete it? That’s what all of your qualifications should point to—your ability to handle the program and be a success in it.”

Admission requirements for Capella doctoral programs vary by program; refer to your program’s admission requirements page or talk to an enrollment counselor for more details.

Capella University offers PhD and professional doctorate degree programs ranging from business to education and health to technology. Learn more about Capella’s online doctoral programs .

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Frequently Asked Questions

Applicants may take the general GRE exams in the autumn prior to applying, or earlier.  However, all GREs are optional. There is also a TOEFL requirement for foreign applicants who have not studied in an English speaking country for at least two years leading to a BS or MS degree.

Applicants who need assistance with the application fee are encouraged to apply for a fee waiver. Information on fee waivers is available on the Graduate Admissions website .

GRE scores are valid for approximately five years from the date taken. TOEFL scores submitted to Stanford must be from a test taken within the last 24 months. No scores are valid beyond the date ETS will send or resend them to schools. GRE exams are optional.

Stanford’s institution code is 4704. There is no department code.

Yes, you can use the career center or letter service from your university.

Scores are required of all applicants whose first language is not English. 

You may request a  waiver  in the online application if you (will) have a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree from a recognized institution in a country other than Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom in which English was the language of instruction.

You will be asked to provide the following:

• Upload an official statement certifying that your program was taught exclusively in English
• You may also link to your institution’s official website stating the language of instruction

Your waiver request will be routed to Graduate Admissions  after you submit your application and pay the application fee . Allow up to 15 business days after submitting your application for a response. This will not delay the receipt of your application by your graduate program.

No, you can only apply to one degree program per academic year.

There are no minimum scores required for applying to the chemistry Ph.D. program; however, we do want to see a minimum of 108 on the TOEFL. The admissions committee evaluates each applicant’s potential for success based on all materials in the file, recommendation letters, test scores, transcripts, and personal statements. GRE exams are optional. It's best to get letters from referees who have observed your research promise.

The University minimum TOEFL score is 600 (IBT 100), but the Chemistry Department is looking for a 108 or higher.

Your application status will be updated online periodically as we receive your application materials so please check the online application status for updates. If you have submitted your materials, but the status still remains unchanged, you can send an email to  chem.admissions [at] stanford.edu (subject: Admissions%20Documents) (chem[dot]admissions[at]stanford[dot]edu) . 

Please allow two weeks processing time once your transcripts are sent for your status to be updated. 

All applicants with incomplete applications will receive an email about their missing documents by the end of the second week in January.

The Chemistry Department and the entire University will be closed between December 21st, 3 PM PST and January 3rd. During this time there will be no one available to answer questions regarding your application. We encourage you to apply well before the deadline should any questions arise regarding your application or supporting documents.

Yes, you must submit a complete application and pay the application fee. We do keep transcripts, recommendation letters and other application materials on file from the previous year. You can contact us if you want material from your previous application to be included when you reapply.

Describe your research projects/skills/experience and specifically your research interests at Stanford; provide details and research group names. Be direct. 

Yes, but only after receiving an offer of admission. We will review your application with your uploaded unofficial transcripts. 

Once you accept the offer of admission, you will need to have your official transcripts and degree documents sent to Graduate Admissions. Information can be found on their website , as well as on you application status page.

*We require official documents from all post-secondary institutions where you were enrolled in a degree program for at least one academic year.

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores are required of all applicants whose first language is not English. For detailed information, see the TOEFL information in  Required Exams .

Exemptions are granted to applicants who have earned (or will earn, before enrolling at Stanford) a U.S. bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree from a college or university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the United States, or the international equivalent degree from a university of recognized standing in a country in which all instruction is provided in English. Therefore, applicants with degrees from the U.S., Australia, Canada (except Quebec), New Zealand, Singapore, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales) are exempt from taking the TOEFL and do not need to submit the TOEFL waiver request form. If you are offered admission, the official transcript must be received showing the conferral of the degree from the qualifying institution or TOEFL exam scores will be required to enroll.

Applicants with degrees from institutions in countries other than those listed above and in which English was the only language of instruction may be eligible for a waiver of the TOEFL requirement. Applicants may request a waiver in the online application, which will then be reviewed by Graduate Admissions once your application has been submitted and the application fee is paid.

To learn more about the application procedure please visit the  Office of Graduate Admissions

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

• Undergraduate
• Graduate Studies in Psychology
• Areas of Specialization
• Considering Clinical Psychology

What Does It Take to Get Into Graduate School in Clinical Psychology?

Admission to PhD programs in clinical psychology is very competitive. Ratios of 300 applicants to 8 positions are common (though perhaps 10-15 people would have to be accepted to fill the 8 slots; some who are accepted decide to go elsewhere, or enter a different kind of graduate or professional program ). Different programs emphasize different characteristics, but it is safe to say that in all programs GREs and GPAs are examined closely. Graduate students in Northwestern's program have averaged over 1400 on the GRE (Verbal plus Quantitative), with an average GPA of over 3.5. (GPAs for the last two years of undergraduate schooling are most important, so students with uneven early records have a good chance if they've improved.) There are respectable programs whose students score lower on these measures, but students who have lower than 1200 on the GRE or a GPA of less than 3.3 can expect to find it difficult to get into a top graduate program in clinical psychology without other special qualifications.

Regarding less standardized criteria, most graduate programs in clinical psychology will prefer that you have taken a course in psychopathology, e.g., our Psych 303. Introduction to Clinical Psychology (Psych 306) can also be useful, in part as a way to learn more about the field and your options within it. Most graduate schools also expect students to have obtained some research experience. The primary concern is that students should have conducted some psychological research in order to know whether they find it interesting. From an admissions perspective, it is less important that you have had clinical research experience than it is that you have had meaningful research experiences (e.g., not just entering data). It is also important that you be able to solicit a letter of recommendation from at least one research supervisor. This means that it is important to get involved in research before you do your applications. If you plan to apply to graduate programs during fall of your senior year, then you should begin your research involvement as a junior, or even earlier.

Northwestern’s psychology department offers many  research opportunities  for undergraduate students. Each quarter, many of our students do  research for course credit  through 399-Independent Study or the two-quarter sequence 397-Advanced Supervised Research. You can learn more about 399 and 397, including their requirements and the differences between them, by reading our webpage on research for course credit. This page also includes tips on choosing a professor with whom to do research. Other students obtain paid positions in the department, typically through the federal  work-study program . You should make sure that your research experience provides you with an in-depth look at the nature of psychological research and at the theories and past research relevant for the questions under investigation. Entering data, scheduling research participants, and so on are integral parts of the research process, but it is important to do much more than that.

Some psychology students hope to do research that is outside the specific projects for which their faculty supervisors have funding. In addition, students who want to do research on campus during the summer may need to earn money for living expenses. Northwestern University, Weinberg College, and the psychology department all have funds available on a competitive basis to support student research. Guidelines for applying for the psychology department’s Benton J. Underwood Summer Fellowship are always included in the winter edition of our undergraduate newsletter,  Swift Thinking . See the Weinberg College webpage on  funds for undergraduate research  and the university page on  Research Opportunities for Undergraduates  for additional funding options.

Many graduate schools give a great deal of consideration to the likely match between potential students' interests and faculty interests. Students can convey their interests through the personal statements they include in their applications and in direct contact with relevant professors. If you have strong interests in a professor's research, this will make you a much more desirable applicant to that person. But you must be able to convey that your interests are serious, for example, by discussing a specific study. Faculty will not be impressed if it appears that you merely scanned the departmental brochure searching for topics that sound interesting.

Students may also want to consider trying some hands-on counseling-type work. Many agencies accept and train volunteers. For example, volunteering at a teen drop-in center or a hospital, working as a camp counselor for special needs children, and answering phones for a helpline can all be relevant experiences. If your goal is to work with some specific population – troubled teens, the elderly, autistic children – then you should try to gain some firsthand experience with this population. In part, this may serve as a valuable credential when you apply for graduate training. Perhaps more importantly, it will let you know if working with this population is as rewarding for you as you expect it to be. Two student groups –  Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC)  and  OASIS  – are good sources of information about volunteer opportunities in Evanston and surrounding communities

Navigating Clinical Psychology Ph.D. Programs: How To Choose The Appropriate Fit

If you’re interested in treating mental health disorders, a Ph.D. in clinical psychology is can be a significant step in your pursuit of a fulfilling and impactful career in mental health on your career path. The decision you make about where to pursue your clinical psychology doctorate can be pivotal, shaping not only your educational experience but also your future contributions to the field. As you consider the vast array of clinical psychology programs available, you're likely to face several questions and concerns.

The decision you make about where to pursue your clinical psychology doctorate is pivotal, shaping not only your educational experience but also your future contributions to the field. It's a decision that demands careful consideration., and that's where this comprehensive guide comes in.

This guide will help you navigate the complex landscape of clinical psychology Ph.D. programs. From understanding the various specializations and research opportunities to evaluating factors such as faculty expertise, program accreditation, and financial considerations, we'll provide you with the knowledge and insights necessary to make an informed choice.

This article will help you navigate the complex landscape of clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, whether you're a recent graduate eager to explore the field of clinical psychology or a seasoned professional seeking to advance your career. From understanding the various specializations and research opportunities to evaluating factors such as faculty expertise, program accreditation, and financial considerations, Whether you're a recent graduate eager to dive into the world of clinical psychology or a seasoned professional seeking to advance your career, we aim to empower you with the tools and information you need to embark on your academic journey with confidence. By the end, you'll have a clear understanding of how towe’re providing you with information that can help you choose the right clinical psychology Ph.D. program for you that aligns with your aspirations, ensuring a successful and fulfilling career in the field of mental health.

Understanding clinical psychology Ph.D. programs

Before we explore the specifics of choosing a clinical psychology PhD program, let's review what clinical psychology is all about. Clinical psychology is a field of study and practice that focuses on understanding and addressing mental health concerns. The goal of clinical psychology is to help individuals navigate their psychological challenges and improve their overall well-being. It seeks to understand the individual in their entirety, including their unique experiences, needs, desires, and attachments.

The goal of clinical psychology is to help individuals navigate and overcome their psychological challenges and improve their overall well-being. To achieve this goal, clinical psychologists use a range of assessment, intervention, and research techniques to provide evidence-based treatment and support.

A doctoral degrees allows adequate preparation can provide emerging clinical psychologists with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in their practice areas. Additionally, a Ph.D. in clinical psychology equips graduates with the necessary skills and knowledge to conduct research that advances the field's understanding of mental health.

Pursuing a Ph.D. in clinical psychology is no small feat; it requires dedication , passion, and perseverance. As you work toward your PhD in clinical psychologyIf you decide to work toward this degree, you'll learn about various therapeutic modalities, treatment approaches, and theoretical orientations. You'll also also develop the critical thinking, research, and analytical skills necessary to understand complex psychological phenomena.

It's important to note that while clinical psychology is a broad field, it differs from other related disciplines like counseling psychology, psychiatry, and social work. Understanding these distinctions will can help you choose the right Ph.D. program for your specific career goals.

• Counseling psychology: Unlike clinical psychologists, who generally focus on address treating severe mental health conditions, counseling psychologists typically focus on helping clients with milder psychological concernslife challenges and milder psychological concerns. Counseling psychologists may work in university counseling centers or practice settings.
• Psychiatry: While clinical psychologists primarily use talk therapy to treat mental health disorders, psychiatrists are medical doctors trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses using a combination of medication and, in some cases, psychotherapy and therapy.
• Social work: Although Like clinical psychologists, social workers may also provide therapy. Usually unable to diagnose conditions, however,, their primary focus is often on addressing societal and environmental issues that impact mental health. They often work in community-based settings.

While mental health professionals come from diverse backgrounds and disciplines, cThe academic rigor and practical training that clinical psychology Ph.D. programs offer a unique blend of academic rigor and practical training that preparescan adequately prepare graduates for their rewarding careers in mental health care in the field. Through specialized coursework, clinical practicum sexperiences, and research opportunities, these programs provide a comprehensive education that meets the highest standards of academic excellence.

Exploring specializations in clinical psychology

Within clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, there are various specializations that students can pursue. These specializations allow individuals to focus on specific areas of interest and develop expertise in those areas. Before choosing a Ph.D. program, it can be important to exploring explore the different various specializations clinical psychology specialties and considering consider which areas of focus best aligns best with your interests and career goals is important.

Some of the most common specializations within clinical psychology include:

• Neuropsychology: This specialization fNeuropsychologists focusocuses on understanding how brain function impacts behavior and cognition. Neuropsychologists They often work with individuals who have experienced a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or other neurological conditions.
• Child and adolescent psychology: As the name suggests, this specialization focuses on working with children and adolescents. This specialization involves addressing developmental disorders, behavioral challenges, or specific issues related to childhood trauma-related conditions, and other mental health concerns in children and teenagers.
• Geriatric psychology: This specialization focuses on geriatric psychologists understanding and treating address mental health concerns in older adults. Geriatric psychologists often work in nursing homes, assisted living facilities, or practice settings.
• Forensic psychology: This specialization focus area involves applying psychological principles in the legal system. Forensic psychologists may work with law enforcement, attorneys, and the court systems to evaluate individuals involved in legal proceedings or provide expert testimony.

These are just a few examples of specializations within clinical psychology; there are many others to explore. As you consider which specializations best fits your interestsyou’re interested in pursuing, you should also reflect on your personal experiences, strengths, and values. Choosing a specialization that aligns with these factors will not onlycan make your academic journey more fulfilling but also setand set you up for success in your future career.

How to pick the right clinical psychology Ph.D. program

Now that we have a better understanding of what clinical psychology is and the various specializations within the field, let's discuss how to pChoosingick the right Ph.D. program for you can help ensure you have a rewarding academic experience. In addition to researching programs online, you may want to take campus visits, ask to audit classes, and talk with professors and administrators. As with any major life decision, it's critical to approach this process thoughtfully and deliberately.

Here are some factors to consider as you evaluate different clinical psychology Ph.D. programs:

• Faculty expertise:  One of the most crucial elements to consider is the fFaculty members within the a Ph.D. program. These individuals will guide your academic and professional development, so it's paramount to, so consider researching their expertise and qualifications.
• Accreditation and reputation: It's also important to consider whether aYou may want to limit your search to programs has that have been accredited by reputable organizations like the American Psychological Association (APA) . You  may also want to researchcan also find information about a each program's reputation and ranking within the field.
• Financial considerations: Pursuing a Ph.D. is may involve a significant monetary investment, so it's it can be crucial important to understand the a program's tuition costs and available financial aid options. You'll likely also want to consider the how your potential long-term career prospects and how theywill align with your financial goals.
• Campus culture and environment: The campus cultureThe student life  and setting of a school can play a significant role in your academic experience. Consider factors like location, campus resources, and the overall atmosphere of the program.
• Research opportunities and resources: Since research is a vital aspect of clinical psychology, exploring the research opportunities and resources available within a program is a must. These resources may includeit can help to know the extent to which a program connects students with access to specialized labs, funding for research projects, and collaborations with faculty members.
• Personal preferences: Last but certainly not least, don't forgetRemember to consider your personal preferences and lifestyle factors when evaluating clinical psychology Ph.D. programs. Your happiness and well-being are just as important as your academic and professional successare important, so make sureensure the program you choose aligns with your values  and personal needs.

Finding the right clinical psychology Ph.D. program can requires a balance significant amount of research, self-reflection, and careful consideration. Accreditation status and faculty expertise are essential but don't forget toit can also be crucial to consider your personal passions and career goals. Remember that this is your journey, so choose a program that will support you in becoming the best clinical psychologist you can be. 

Making your decision and how to apply

Once you have thoroughly researched and evaluated different clinical psychology Ph.D. programs, it's time toyou may be ready to make your decision. Remember that this is a significant investment in yourself and your future, so take the time to weigh all factors carefully.

When it comes to actually applying for a program, here are some tips to keep in mind:

• Createing a structured decision-making process: Developing a structured approach tothorough  decision-making framework can help you stay organized as you choose a programnd make a well-informed choice. You might create a spreadsheet with criteria to evaluate each program school or simply make a list of pros and cons.
• Utilizing a decision matrix: A decision matrix is a helpful tool for evaluating and comparing different programs based on specific criteria. You can assign weights to each criterion and rank programs accordingly, which can help you visually seedecide which program schools aligns best with your personal and professional goals.
• Seeking advice and input: Don't be afraid to rConsider reachingeach out to mentors, advisors, and peers for their perspectives on different programs. They may offer have valuable insights or considerations that you hadn't thought of before.

Once you've chosen the a program that's right for you, it's time toyou can begin preparing your application. Your applicationThis may involve taking prerequisite courses, obtaining letters of recommendation, writing a personal statement or essay, and taking standardized tests like the GRE.

The Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation within the APA is an excellent helpful resource for understanding common application requirements and tips for crafting a compelling application. Additionally, it can be's beneficial to reach out directly to the department or school you're applying to for specific guidance on their application process.

Remember, don't be discouraged if you're not accepted into your top-choice program. It's normal for many applicants to apply to multiple programs and receive rejections before finding the right fit. Many schools also offer candidates the opportunity to reapply after they gaining have gained more experience or improving improved your their application materials. Patience and perseverance are can be key in this process. 

Additional resources and support for your journey

In addition to academia, it's important to remember that those considering a Ph.D. program or seeking guidance for other sources and support are available to assist with personal and professional development in the field of clinical psychology, support is available. Graduates who are beginning their careers in clinical psychology might find it beneficial to seek utilize support from professional organizations, mentorship programs, and education resources. 

Mental health professionals can benefit from seeking care themselves at times; and an online therapy platform like BetterHelp has become a significant part of mental health support can provide convenient, flexible means of receiving support, especially given recent global events. This mode of Online therapy provides access to mental health resources irrespective of location can connect you with mental health resources remotely, allowing you to work with a therapist through video call, voice call, or in-app messaging offering convenience and flexibility. As If you’re an emerging clinical psychologist or a busy professional of any kind, you may benefit from utilizing an online therapy platform to connect with experienced professionals and gain additional support and guidance participating in therapy on a schedule that works for you.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a well-established, evidence-based approach to mental health treatment often utilized in online therapy. Clinical studies indicate it may can treat a range of mental health symptoms and conditions. In a study on the effects of an online cognitive behavioral therapy program for healthcare workers, participants reported experiencing reduced stress levels, improved self-care, and an increased capacity to cope with their emotions . If a rigorous PhD program leaves you feeling overwhelmed, consider turning to CBT techniques and resources for support. Burnout can be a common issue among students in high-stress occupations, and CBT has been shown to be helpful in promoting overall well-being. 

Remember, it's important to prioritize your mental health and well-being throughout your journey as a clinical psychology PhD student. In the end, your personal and professional growth will benefit from taking care of yourself and utilizing the resources and support available to you. 

Clinical psychology offers a world ofan array of opportunitiesy for those passionate about understanding and supporting treating mental health concerns. With the right program, resources, and support, you can embark on an empowering journey to becoming a highly skilled and compassionate clinical psychologist. Remember that, it's also important to prioritize your own mental health and well-being throughout your journey as a clinical psychology Ph.D. student. In the end, your personal and professional growth will benefit from taking care of yourself and utilizing the resources and support available to you. 

Online therapy can also be a helpful tool for personal and professional development, so don't hesitate to utilize it as you navigate through your academic journey.

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Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond

Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner

Becoming a PhD economist can provide a fulfilling and financially secure career path. However, getting started in the field can be daunting if you don’t know much about the preparation you’ll need and the available job opportunities. If you’re wondering what it means to be an economics researcher or how to become one, please read on. We’ll review how to prepare for a career in economics research, what an economics PhD program entails, and what types of opportunities it might bring. Economic education is a core component of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s mission to serve the community. To empower would-be economists, this post provides information for students who seek a career in economics research. We hope this information will be helpful to students interested in economics, regardless of their background and economic situation.  This information is most applicable to students applying to programs in the United States.  

The Breadth of Economics Research  

Academic disciplines conduct research in different ways, so it’s important to have a basic understanding of the types of questions economists ask and how they approach answering them. There are many definitions of economics, but a broadly useful one is the study of how people, organizations, and governments make decisions under different constraints, and how those decisions may affect their outcomes. 

When answering these questions, economists seek to ground their analyses in models and to be quantitatively precise about the effects they assign to any given cause. The range of topics economists can study is wide, but the accepted approaches to answering questions are stricter. Some examples of what economists might ask: 

• How do different public housing programs affect the children who live there? 
• Does a certain type of law encourage businesses to innovate? 
• How will a change in the interest rate affect inflation and unemployment rates? 
• How much does affordable health insurance improve people’s health? 
• How can poor countries eradicate poverty? 

There are many different subfields within economics, including, but not limited to behavioral, econometrics, energy/environmental, development, financial, international, monetary, public, and urban economics. You can familiarize yourself with the latest work in economics by subscribing to working paper series, such as NBER’s New This Week or the New York Fed’s Staff Reports . To get an idea of the breadth of questions economists can answer, you could listen to Stephen Dubner’s “ Freakonomics Radio ” podcast. You may also want to explore the Journal of Economic Perspectives , the New York Fed’s Liberty Street Economics blog, VoxDev , or VoxEU .  

What Is a PhD Program Like?    

Economics PhD programs typically last five to seven years. Unlike masters programs, they are often fully funded with a stipend, though most require students to complete teaching assistant and/or research assistant (RA) work as part of their funding package. In the first two years, students take classes, many of which are mathematically demanding. The rest of the program can include additional classes but is primarily devoted to original research with the aim of producing publishable papers that will constitute the dissertation.  

Faculty advisors are a central part of PhD programs, as students look to them for guidance during the research process. Economics PhD programs are offered within university economics departments, but there are similar programs in public policy and business schools. You can look at their websites to understand any differences in coursework and subsequent job placements. 

What Can You Do with an Economics PhD?  

Upon graduation, students can obtain jobs in a variety of industries. Many PhD students hope to become university professors. Governments and public policy-related institutions such as the Federal Reserve System, the U.S. federal government, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) also hire economists to work on policy, lead programs, and conduct research. Finally, economics PhD graduates can also find employment at a variety of private sector companies, including banks, economic consulting firms, and big tech companies. The pay for these different positions can vary. According to the American Economics Association (AEA), the average starting salary for economics assistant professors in 2022-23 was approximately $140,000 at PhD granting institutions and $98,000 at BA granting institutions. 

Programs often publish the placements of their PhD graduates, so you can look online to see specific employment outcomes. See, for example, the University of Maryland’s placements . Ultimately, economists are highly regarded as authorities on a variety of topics. Governments, nonprofits, philanthropic foundations, financial institutions, and non-financial businesses all look to economists to answer important questions about how to best achieve their goals. Thus, earning an economics Ph.D. can potentially help you to influence issues that are important to you. 

Preparing for an Economics PhD Program  

There are several components to an economics PhD program application: college transcripts, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Please download the Appendix linked below to learn more about transcripts and letters of recommendation. The Appendix details ways in which you can select coursework, obtain research experience, and develop relationships to position yourself for success as a PhD applicant.  

If you feel that you are too far along in your academic career to take enough of the classes described in the Appendix, this does not necessarily preclude you from pursuing an economics PhD. For example, it’s possible to take some of these classes through a master’s program, or through a pre-doctoral RA job. Some pre-doctoral RA jobs, such as the one here at the New York Fed , may enable you to take classes in preparation for graduate school. If you are concerned about your transcript, reach out to an economist at your university for advice; program standards for coursework and grades vary, and it’s a good idea to get more personalized advice. 

Research Experience   

If you’re interested in becoming an economics researcher and applying to PhD programs, it’s best to get research experience as soon as possible. Working as an RA is a great way to learn how to conduct research and get a better idea of whether it’s the right career path for you. Additionally, it can help you obtain a letter of recommendation for graduate school applications and improve your qualifications.  

All types of academic research can be enriching, but it’s beneficial to gain experience working directly with an economist. To find a position, you can reach out to professors whose work you find interesting or find an RA program at your school. Typical RA tasks may involve data collection and cleaning, as well as running analyses and creating charts to represent results. This is where coding skills become crucial; having taken math, statistics, and econometrics courses will also enable you to take on more responsibilities. 

You may also have the opportunity to conduct your own research, possibly under the supervision of a professor at your university. This research could be self-initiated or part of a course such as a thesis workshop. Self-directed research is a great opportunity to learn about all stages of the research process. It’s also an excellent opportunity to create a writing sample for graduate school applications. Ultimately, though, your motivation for conducting your own research project should be that you want to answer a question.  One thing economists have in common is a love of answering questions using data and theory. 

Research experience is also often obtained after completing an undergraduate or master’s degree. Taking on a full-time RA position before applying to PhD programs is very common and can make you a more competitive applicant. You may either get an RA job working for a professor or participate in a pre-doctoral RA program.  

Research assistant programs are more structured than positions with individual professors or projects, which could be helpful. Universities, parts of the government, think tanks, research organizations, and the Federal Reserve System are all good places to look for research assistant programs. To help you decide which opportunities are most desirable, you may want to ask potential employers : Where do people in this program tend to go afterward? Will I be working directly with an economist? How much of my time will be spent on academic research work? Will I be able to take classes as part of this program? Considering whether an economist will be able to evaluate your performance is an important factor for recommendation letters. The ability to take classes, either through tuition reimbursement or waivers, can also be an important benefit. 

The Research Analyst program here at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one example of these programs and you should check it out here . The Federal Reserve Board of Governors also has a large program, and many other regional Federal Reserve Banks have similar programs. In addition, the PREDOC website and the  NBER post listings of RA opportunities. J-PAL and IPA also tend to recruit RAs for economic development projects. Another source of RA opportunities is the @econ_ra account on X. 

Who Should Get a PhD in Economics?  

A PhD may not be for everyone, but it is for anyone—people of all genders, religions, ethnicities, races, and national origins have PhDs in economics. Many economists majored in economics, but others majored in math, physics, or chemistry. Because economics is such an integral part of policymaking, it is important that economists come from a wide range of backgrounds so policy can be stronger and more effective. The inclusion of differing perspectives helps ensure that the contribution of economists to work in public policy, academia, and beyond effectively serves the broadest range of society. 

• Coursework Appendix

Kasey Chatterji-Len is a research analyst in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research and Statistics Group.

Anna Kovner  is the director of Financial Stability Policy Research in the Bank’s Research and Statistics Group.

How to cite this post: Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner, “Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Liberty Street Economics , May 31, 2024, https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2024/05/thinking-of-pursuing-a-phd-in-economics-info-on-graduate-school-and-beyond/.

You may also be interested in: AEA: Resources for Students

PREDOC: Guidance for Undergraduates

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Disclaimer The views expressed in this post are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author(s).

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• To be considered for an interview, your application must be designated in CASPA as “verified” status by January 15, 2025.
• Two letters of recommendation submitted through CASPA (up to five are allowed).
• Completion of a bachelor’s degree by the time of matriculation into the PA (MSPAS) program. You may apply prior to obtaining your degree, and there are no specific required degrees or majors to gain entrance.
• Minimum cumulative undergraduate GPA of 3.0 (CASPA calculated) and minimum cumulative undergraduate science GPA of 3.0 (CASPA calculated)
• A grade of C or higher in all prerequisite coursework. A grade of C– does not meet the requirement.
• All courses are subject to approval by the admissions committee and cannot be taken on a Pass/Fail basis, as CLEP credit, or audited. AP credit will not be accepted for prerequisite courses.
• Applicants should be aware that all courses within the curriculum are required, no transfer credit is accepted, and no credit is granted for pre-admission experiential learning. Only full-time students are admitted to the program.
• Completion of an on-campus interview. V irtual interviews will be considered.
• Fulfillment of technical standards , a.k.a. essential functions. Taylor University welcomes all students and will provide reasonable accommodations to students who have documented needs to meet this standard.
• A minimum of 250 hours of prior healthcare experience is strongly recommended. Experience can include paid, volunteer, and shadowing hours. Preference will be given to hands-on patient care hours and paid experience.
• Complete a criminal background check prior to matriculation. All students selected for admission into the program must complete a criminal background check each year. Students will be responsible for fees incurred with background checks.

Special consideration will be given to the following:

• Taylor University graduates
• First-generation college students
• Military service background
• Mission service background
• Third culture students

The Taylor University PA Program is currently not accepting international student applicants.

Taylor University Physician Assistant Program reserves the right to make all final admissions decisions.