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45+ Veterinary Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On May 3, 2024

Veterinary medicine is a broad area of study, so there are many potential issues you can base your dissertation or thesis on. You may want to consider veterinary science comparable to human health care, such as laboratory animal medicine, animal welfare, and law so that you can come up with an impactful veterinary dissertation topic.

Choose an interesting but focused research topic that enables you to contribute to your field of study. Choosing a topic for a paper or dissertation is one of the most crucial decisions students must make. So, avoid writing about an idea that is so narrow that you end up having no academic sources to use in the res earch.

Veterinary Dissertation Topics and Ideas

Animals used for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
Necropsy’s significance in veterinary medicine
The value of veterinarians to the retail industry
Examination of contemporary pet vaccinations
Why not crocodiles or zebras? – investigating contemporary quirks in pet selection
Investigating the components of natural animal feeds as the pet food business transitions to natural
Rural locations with poor veterinary care: cause and remedies
Fear or the dominance theory? – investigating the behavioural issues with dogs
The best remedies for thunderstorm anxiety
Why do the majority of pets have this phobia? Is it treatable?
Is it a myth that animals act poorly because they want to rule the pack?
Why do owners of sick animals need to be on guard?
Environmental influences on chickens’ egg-laying productivity
When do some chickens produce more eggs than others? What are the ideal circumstances to maintain their high levels of productivity?
Cardiovascular changes in canine leishmaniasis
Relevant clinical alterations in breast cancer in stage 3 females
Cancer patients’ nutritional needs and metabolic changes are managed
Review of the literature on alternative methods for treating canine atopic dermatitis
Analysis of the primary epidemiological traits present in a buck with a breast tumour
Cost-benefit analysis of supplemental mineral feeding to beef cattle
Little ones frequently experience heart disorders
Breast cancer reconstruction procedures for female dogs and cats
Laws and public education about animal abuse
An outline of the veterinary nurse’s responsibility in stopping owner maltreatment of animals
Following surgery, the animals get rehabilitation
What part does the veterinary nurse play in addressing the psychological effects of animal abuse? Is there any way to make it better?
Illnesses that are extremely contagious and harm domestic animals
Veterinary students are taught about public health as part of their training
Treatment of sporty horses with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications
Effectiveness of homoeopathic medication in controlling ticks in dairy cattle
A case study of bitches treated at the university veterinary hospital for breast cancer
Study of sporotrichosis and visceral leishmaniasis notifications in the CCZ
Investigation of the anaesthesia procedure death rate in tiny animals undergoing surgery
Ways to improve how domestic animals are treated in the public network
The significance of electrocardiography in dogs before surgery
Neoplasms in an animal’s reproductive system
The relevance of veterinarians in meeting retail needs
Factors affecting milk quality in family farm settings
As a technique for sustainability in agriculture, rotated grazing
Prevalence of breast cancers in women and examination of their clinical and epidemiological features
Cigarette carcinogens bring on principal tumours in dogs and cats
Carcinogen-related cancer types manifested in dogs and cats exposed to smoke
Gentamicin intramammary therapy in lactating cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis
Aloe vera and arnica Montana as natural remedies for horse pythiosis
Examine the veterinary nursing policies and practices of various nations and any potential working circumstances for nurses there
An Investigation on how changing climate patterns affect the distribution of animal diseases and the practice of veterinary medicine.
An Analysis of different approaches to prevent and control zoonotic diseases in animals and humans
Exploring recent advancements in surgical techniques for veterinary procedures
Examining the relationship between animal behaviour, welfare, and veterinary care and proposing strategies to improve the well-being of animals in clinical settings.
Investigating the development of new drugs for veterinary use
The concept of One Health and its application in managing complex health issues at the intersection of human and animal health
Study newly emerging infectious diseases in animals and implications for veterinary practice and public health.
A Comparative study on different diagnostic imaging techniques used in veterinary medicine
The effectiveness of veterinary education and training programs in preparing graduates for professional practice

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These topics will help you get motivated to start working on your dissertation. You should also check out our list of biology dissertation topics for more inspiration.

If the topic you choose is interesting and reflects your passion for the subject, it will be much easier for you to complete the dissertation in due time. However, if you face difficulties due to lack of knowledge, time or any other reason, now is the time to use our professional dissertation services ! Hiring a professional writer can help you achieve your desired academic grade from the comfort of your bed.

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How to find veterinary dissertation topics.

To find veterinary dissertation topics:

Investigate emerging animal health issues.
Explore gaps in current research.
Consider ethical concerns.
Review recent advancements.
Consult experts and faculty.
Select a topic aligning with your passion and career aspirations.

Veterinary Medicine Research Paper Topics

Veterinary medicine research paper topics encompass a wide range of subjects that contribute to the advancement of animal healthcare. This page provides a comprehensive guide for students studying veterinary medicine who are tasked with writing research papers. Explore the intricacies of this field, delve into diverse categories, and discover a multitude of compelling topics to delve into. Whether you’re interested in animal behavior, infectious diseases, pharmacology, or veterinary surgery, this guide will help you navigate the realm of veterinary medicine research paper topics. By offering expert advice on topic selection and providing valuable insights on how to write an impactful research paper, we aim to empower students to make significant contributions to the field of veterinary medicine. Furthermore, iResearchNet’s writing services ensure that students receive top-quality, customized research papers tailored to their unique requirements. Let us help you unleash your academic potential and make a lasting impact in the world of veterinary medicine.

100 Veterinary Medicine Research Paper Topics

Introduction: The field of veterinary medicine encompasses a vast array of disciplines and areas of study, offering a wealth of research opportunities for students. This comprehensive list of veterinary medicine research paper topics is divided into 10 categories, each containing 10 unique topics. By exploring these topics, students can gain a deeper understanding of various aspects of veterinary medicine and contribute to the advancement of animal healthcare.

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Animal Behavior and Psychology:

The impact of environmental enrichment on animal behavior and welfare
Behavioral interventions for managing aggression in dogs
Understanding the role of animal cognition in training and behavior modification
The relationship between human-animal interaction and animal behavior
Investigating stress and coping mechanisms in companion animals
The effects of socialization on the behavior and development of puppies and kittens
Exploring the psychological well-being of captive animals in zoos
Behavioral indicators and management strategies for pain in animals
Understanding the behavior and welfare of farm animals in intensive production systems
Investigating the impact of fear and anxiety on animal welfare in veterinary settings

Infectious Diseases:

Emerging zoonotic diseases and their impact on public health
Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: challenges and strategies
The role of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases in companion animals
Epidemiology and control measures for common bacterial infections in livestock
Investigating the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases in animals
Diagnostic methods and advancements in the detection of viral infections in animals
One Health approach: addressing the link between animal and human infectious diseases
The impact of climate change on the prevalence and distribution of infectious diseases in wildlife
Surveillance and control measures for emerging viral diseases in aquaculture
Exploring the impact of biosecurity measures in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in veterinary clinics and hospitals

Pharmacology and Therapeutics:

Investigating the efficacy and safety of new veterinary drugs and therapies
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of commonly used drugs in veterinary practice
Adverse drug reactions and drug interactions in veterinary medicine
Exploring alternative therapies in veterinary medicine: acupuncture, herbal medicine, and more
The role of personalized medicine in veterinary practice
Drug-resistant parasites and strategies for their control in companion animals
Investigating the use of pain management protocols in veterinary surgery
The impact of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements on animal health
Pharmacogenomics in veterinary medicine: implications for personalized treatment
Exploring the challenges and opportunities in veterinary drug development

Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesia:

Advancements in minimally invasive surgery in veterinary medicine
Anesthetic management and monitoring in exotic animal species
Investigating surgical techniques for the treatment of orthopedic conditions in companion animals
Complications and management of anesthesia in geriatric patients
Exploring the role of regenerative medicine in veterinary surgery
Surgical interventions for the management of oncological conditions in animals
Investigating novel approaches for pain management in postoperative veterinary patients
Surgical techniques and rehabilitation strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injuries in animals
Exploring the use of robotic surgery in veterinary medicine
Investigating the impact of surgical interventions on the quality of life in animals

Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology:

Advancements in imaging techniques for the early detection of cancer in animals
Investigating the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in veterinary neurology
The role of ultrasound in diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases in animals
Radiographic evaluation and interpretation of musculoskeletal disorders in small animals
Investigating the use of computed tomography (CT) in veterinary oncology
Diagnostic imaging in avian and exotic animal medicine
The impact of advanced imaging modalities on the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases in animals
Exploring the role of nuclear medicine in veterinary diagnostics
Radiographic evaluation and interpretation of respiratory disorders in large animals
Investigating the use of contrast-enhanced imaging techniques in veterinary medicine

Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology:

One Health approach in the surveillance and control of zoonotic diseases
Investigating foodborne pathogens and their impact on animal and human health
The role of veterinarians in disaster preparedness and response
Veterinary epidemiology: studying disease patterns and risk factors in animal populations
Investigating the impact of environmental factors on animal health and well-being
Exploring the relationship between animal agriculture and antimicrobial resistance
Veterinary public health interventions for the prevention of zoonotic diseases
The role of wildlife in the transmission of infectious diseases to domestic animals
Investigating the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases in veterinary medicine
Surveillance and control measures for emerging and re-emerging diseases in veterinary public health

Animal Nutrition and Feed Science:

Investigating the impact of diet and nutrition on companion animal health
The role of nutritional interventions in the management of obesity in animals
Exploring the nutritional requirements and feed formulations for exotic animal species
Nutritional strategies for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases in livestock
Investigating the impact of feed additives on animal performance and health
The role of probiotics and prebiotics in promoting gut health in animals
Nutritional management of common gastrointestinal disorders in companion animals
Exploring sustainable and environmentally friendly feed options for livestock
Investigating the impact of nutrition on reproductive performance in animals
Nutritional considerations for the optimal growth and development of neonatal animals

Veterinary Education and Professional Development:

Evaluating the effectiveness of veterinary education programs in preparing students for practice
Investigating the role of simulation-based training in veterinary education
Exploring innovative teaching methods in veterinary schools
Assessing the impact of continuing education on veterinary professionals’ knowledge and skills
Investigating the factors influencing career choices among veterinary students
The impact of telemedicine on veterinary practice and client communication
Exploring the challenges and opportunities in veterinary entrepreneurship
Veterinary leadership and management skills for effective practice management
Investigating the role of mentorship in veterinary education and professional development
Exploring the ethical considerations in veterinary practice and research

Equine Medicine and Surgery:

Investigating advancements in diagnostic imaging techniques for equine lameness
Management strategies for musculoskeletal disorders in performance horses
The impact of nutrition and exercise on the prevention and management of metabolic diseases in horses
Exploring the use of regenerative therapies in equine orthopedics
Investigating the impact of respiratory diseases on the performance and welfare of horses
Equine dentistry: advancements in dental care and oral health management
Exploring novel surgical interventions for the treatment of orthopedic conditions in horses
The role of physical therapy and rehabilitation in equine medicine
Investigating the impact of exercise physiology on performance enhancement in horses
Infectious diseases and vaccination strategies in equine healthcare

Wildlife Medicine and Conservation:

Investigating the impact of habitat loss on wildlife health and conservation
Wildlife forensic medicine: techniques for investigating wildlife crimes
The role of veterinarians in wildlife rehabilitation and release programs
Exploring the impact of emerging infectious diseases on wildlife populations
Investigating the use of contraception in wildlife population management
Wildlife anesthesia and immobilization techniques for veterinary interventions
Exploring the role of veterinary medicine in endangered species conservation
Investigating the impact of pollution and environmental contaminants on wildlife health
Wildlife diseases and their potential for spillover to domestic animal populations
Conservation genetics: utilizing molecular techniques in wildlife management

This comprehensive list of veterinary medicine research paper topics provides students with a wide range of subjects to explore within the field. Whether you are interested in animal behavior, infectious diseases, pharmacology, surgery, or any other aspect of veterinary medicine, there are countless opportunities for research and innovation. By selecting a topic that aligns with your interests and career goals, and following the expert advice on how to choose and write a research paper, you can contribute to the advancement of veterinary medicine and make a lasting impact on animal health and welfare.

Veterinary Medicine: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Veterinary medicine plays a vital role in the health and well-being of animals, from beloved pets to livestock and wildlife. As a student studying veterinary medicine, you have the opportunity to delve into various research areas and contribute to advancements in animal healthcare. This article will explore the diverse range of research paper topics available within the field of veterinary medicine, offering you insights into the exciting and impactful areas of study.

Animal Nutrition and Feed Science : Proper nutrition is fundamental to the health and well-being of animals. Research topics in this area could include investigating the impact of diet and nutrition on companion animal health, exploring nutritional interventions for managing metabolic diseases in livestock, and examining sustainable and environmentally friendly feed options for animals.
Infectious Diseases : Infectious diseases pose significant challenges to animal health and public health. Research paper topics in this category could encompass emerging zoonotic diseases and their impact on human health, antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine, vaccination strategies for preventing infectious diseases in animals, and exploring the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases.
Animal Behavior and Psychology : Understanding animal behavior and psychology is essential for providing optimal care. Research topics in this field may involve studying the impact of environmental enrichment on animal behavior and welfare, behavioral interventions for managing aggression in dogs, investigating the cognitive abilities of animals, and exploring the role of human-animal interaction in animal behavior.
Pharmacology and Therapeutics : Pharmacology plays a critical role in treating and preventing diseases in animals. Research paper topics in this area could include investigating the efficacy and safety of new veterinary drugs and therapies, exploring alternative therapies such as acupuncture and herbal medicine, and studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of commonly used drugs in veterinary practice.
Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesia : Surgical interventions are often necessary for diagnosing and treating various conditions in animals. Research topics in this category could focus on advancements in minimally invasive surgery, investigating anesthesia management and monitoring in different animal species, exploring regenerative medicine in veterinary surgery, and studying the impact of surgical interventions on the quality of life in animals.
Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology : Diagnostic imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases in animals. Research paper topics in this field may include advancements in imaging techniques for detecting cancer in animals, exploring the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in veterinary diagnostics, and investigating the application of radiography and ultrasound in diagnosing specific conditions.
Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology : Veterinary medicine intersects with public health in various ways. Research topics in this area could involve the One Health approach in the surveillance and control of zoonotic diseases, studying the impact of environmental factors on animal and human health, and investigating the link between animal agriculture and antimicrobial resistance.
Equine Medicine and Surgery : Horses require specialized veterinary care due to their unique physiology and performance demands. Research paper topics in this category may include investigating advancements in diagnostic imaging techniques for equine lameness, studying the management strategies for musculoskeletal disorders in performance horses, and exploring the impact of respiratory diseases on horse performance and welfare.
Wildlife Medicine and Conservation : The health and conservation of wildlife are essential for maintaining biodiversity. Research topics in this field could include studying the impact of habitat loss on wildlife health, investigating wildlife rehabilitation and release programs, exploring the role of veterinarians in wildlife conservation, and understanding the diseases that affect wildlife populations.
Veterinary Education and Professional Development : Ensuring the competency and continuous development of veterinary professionals is crucial. Research paper topics in this area may involve evaluating veterinary education programs, exploring innovative teaching methods, studying the impact of continuing education on veterinary professionals’ knowledge and skills, and investigating the factors influencing career choices among veterinary students.

The field of veterinary medicine offers a wide range of research opportunities, spanning various disciplines and species. Whether you are interested in animal nutrition, infectious diseases, surgery, diagnostic imaging, public health, or any other aspect of veterinary medicine, there are numerous fascinating topics to explore. By selecting a research paper topic that aligns with your interests and goals, you can contribute to the advancement of veterinary medicine, improve animal health and welfare, and make a meaningful impact in the field.

Choosing Veterinary Medicine Research Paper Topics

Selecting the right research paper topic is crucial for your success as a student of veterinary medicine. It allows you to delve into an area of interest, contribute to existing knowledge, and explore the latest advancements in the field. In this section, we will provide you with expert advice on how to choose veterinary medicine research paper topics that align with your interests and academic goals.

Identify Your Interests : Start by reflecting on your personal interests within the field of veterinary medicine. Consider the areas that fascinate you the most, such as animal behavior, infectious diseases, surgery, diagnostic imaging, wildlife medicine, or public health. Identifying your passions will make the research process more enjoyable and rewarding.
Consult Your Professors and Mentors : Seek guidance from your professors and mentors who have expertise in different veterinary medicine disciplines. They can provide valuable insights into current research trends, emerging topics, and areas that need further exploration. Discuss your interests with them, and they can help you narrow down potential research paper topics based on their knowledge and experience.
Stay Updated with Current Literature : Stay abreast of the latest research publications, scientific journals, and conference proceedings in the field of veterinary medicine. Regularly reading scientific literature will expose you to new research findings, innovative techniques, and emerging topics. This will help you identify gaps in the existing knowledge that you can address through your research paper.
Consider Relevance and Impact : When selecting a research topic, consider its relevance and potential impact on veterinary medicine. Look for topics that address current challenges, emerging issues, or areas where advancements are needed. Research that can contribute to animal health, welfare, conservation, or public health will not only be academically fulfilling but also have real-world implications.
Analyze Feasibility : Assess the feasibility of your chosen research topic in terms of available resources, time constraints, and access to data. Consider the availability of research materials, laboratory facilities, animal populations, or specialized equipment required for your study. Ensure that your chosen topic is practical and achievable within the given timeframe and available resources.
Collaborate with Peers : Consider collaborating with your peers or fellow researchers who share similar research interests. Collaborative research projects can broaden your perspective, enhance the quality of your research, and facilitate knowledge sharing. Engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations can also help you explore topics that combine veterinary medicine with other fields, such as biology, ecology, or public health.
Seek Inspiration from Case Studies and Clinical Experience : Drawing inspiration from case studies, clinical experiences, or real-world scenarios can lead to intriguing research topics. Reflect on challenging cases you have encountered during clinical rotations, unique observations, or clinical questions that have piqued your interest. These experiences can spark ideas for research that address practical veterinary medicine issues.
Consider Ethical Considerations : When choosing a research topic, consider ethical considerations related to animal welfare and human subjects. Ensure that your research adheres to ethical guidelines and regulations. If your research involves animal subjects, be mindful of the ethical treatment and use of animals, and obtain necessary approvals from relevant ethics committees.
Explore Emerging Technologies and Techniques : Advancements in technology and techniques have a significant impact on veterinary medicine. Consider topics that explore the application of emerging technologies such as genomics, telemedicine, artificial intelligence, or novel diagnostic tools in veterinary practice. Research in these areas can contribute to the evolution of veterinary medicine and improve animal healthcare outcomes.
Seek Practical Relevance and Application : Choose research topics that have practical relevance and application in the veterinary field. Look for topics that address challenges faced by veterinarians, animal owners, or the industry. Research that can provide evidence-based solutions, improve clinical practices, or enhance disease prevention and management will have a direct impact on veterinary medicine.

Selecting a suitable research paper topic is a crucial step in your journey as a veterinary medicine student. By identifying your interests, seeking guidance, staying updated with current literature, considering relevance and impact, and analyzing feasibility, you can choose a research topic that is both intellectually stimulating and practically valuable. Remember to consider ethical considerations, collaborate with peers, and explore emerging technologies. By following these expert tips, you will be well-equipped to embark on a research project that contributes to the advancement of veterinary medicine and makes a positive impact on animal health and welfare.

How to Write a Veterinary Medicine Research Paper

Writing a research paper in veterinary medicine allows you to contribute to the field, explore new knowledge, and develop critical thinking and scientific communication skills. In this section, we will guide you through the process of writing a veterinary medicine research paper, from selecting a topic to crafting a compelling paper that effectively communicates your findings.

Define Your Research Objectives : Clearly define the objectives of your research paper. Determine what you aim to accomplish and the specific research questions you want to answer. This will provide a clear focus and direction for your study.
Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Begin by conducting a comprehensive literature review to gather existing knowledge and identify gaps in the research. Analyze and critically evaluate relevant studies, articles, and scientific literature to establish the context for your research.
Refine Your Research Question : Based on your literature review, refine your research question or hypothesis. Ensure that your question is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). This will guide your research and help you stay focused.
Design Your Study : Select an appropriate research design and methodology that aligns with your research question and objectives. Determine the sample size, data collection methods, and statistical analyses required. Ensure that your study design is rigorous and ethically sound.
Gather and Analyze Data : Collect relevant data using appropriate research methods, whether it involves conducting experiments, surveys, interviews, or analyzing existing datasets. Ensure that your data collection is thorough, reliable, and accurately recorded. Use appropriate statistical tools to analyze your data and draw meaningful conclusions.
Organize Your Paper : Structure your research paper in a logical and organized manner. Include sections such as the introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Follow a clear and coherent flow of information that guides the reader through your research process.
Write an Engaging Introduction : Start your paper with an engaging introduction that provides background information on the topic, states the research problem, and highlights the significance of your study. Clearly articulate your research objectives and hypotheses to set the stage for the rest of the paper.
Present a Comprehensive Literature Review : Incorporate a thorough literature review in the body of your paper. Summarize and critically analyze relevant studies, theories, and findings that inform your research. Identify gaps in the literature and highlight the unique contribution of your study.
Describe Your Methods and Results : Clearly explain the methods you employed to conduct your research and gather data. Provide sufficient detail for others to replicate your study. Present your results objectively, using appropriate tables, graphs, or figures to support your findings. Interpret the results and discuss their implications.
Engage in a Thoughtful Discussion : In the discussion section, interpret your findings in the context of existing knowledge and theories. Discuss the implications of your results, their limitations, and any future directions for research. Address any unanswered questions and propose areas for further investigation.
Write a Strong Conclusion : Summarize your main findings and their significance in a concise and impactful conclusion. Restate your research objectives and hypotheses, and emphasize how your study contributes to the field of veterinary medicine. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.
Cite Sources Accurately : Ensure that you cite all the sources used in your research paper accurately. Follow the appropriate citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, and adhere to the specific guidelines for referencing scientific literature and other relevant sources.
Revise and Proofread : After completing the initial draft, revise your paper for clarity, coherence, and logical flow. Check for grammatical and spelling errors, and ensure that your writing is concise and precise. Seek feedback from peers, mentors, or professors to improve the quality of your paper.

Writing a veterinary medicine research paper requires careful planning, attention to detail, and effective communication skills. By defining your research objectives, conducting a thorough literature review, designing a rigorous study, and organizing your paper coherently, you can produce a high-quality research paper. Remember to write an engaging introduction, present a comprehensive literature review, describe your methods and results accurately, engage in thoughtful discussion, and provide a strong conclusion. Cite your sources properly and revise your paper meticulously. Through this process, you will contribute to the field of veterinary medicine and advance knowledge in the domain.

iResearchNet’s Writing Services

At iResearchNet, we understand the challenges that students face when it comes to writing research papers in veterinary medicine. We are here to provide you with professional writing services that cater to your specific needs. Our team of expert writers and researchers are well-versed in the field of veterinary medicine and can assist you in producing high-quality research papers. In this section, we will outline the range of services we offer and the benefits of choosing iResearchNet for your veterinary medicine research paper needs.

Expert Degree-Holding Writers : Our team consists of expert writers with advanced degrees in veterinary medicine and related fields. They have a deep understanding of the subject matter and can deliver well-researched and meticulously written research papers.
Custom Written Works : We provide custom written works that are tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need a research paper from scratch or assistance with specific sections, our writers can create unique and original content that meets your academic standards.
In-Depth Research : Our writers conduct extensive research to gather the most relevant and up-to-date information for your research paper. They have access to reputable sources and scientific databases to ensure the accuracy and validity of the information presented in your paper.
Custom Formatting : We understand the importance of adhering to specific formatting styles required by academic institutions. Our writers are well-versed in various citation styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. They will format your paper according to the specific guidelines provided.
Top Quality : Quality is our utmost priority. We strive to deliver research papers that meet the highest standards of academic excellence. Our writers pay attention to every detail, ensuring that your paper is well-structured, coherent, and free from grammatical errors.
Customized Solutions : We recognize that each research paper is unique. Our writers work closely with you to understand your specific research objectives, requirements, and preferences. They can customize their approach to meet your specific needs and deliver a paper that aligns with your expectations.
Flexible Pricing : We offer flexible pricing options to accommodate the budgetary constraints of students. Our pricing is competitive and transparent, ensuring that you receive the best value for your investment. We offer affordable rates without compromising on the quality of our services.
Short Deadlines : We understand that students often face tight deadlines. Our team is equipped to handle urgent requests and can deliver high-quality research papers within short timeframes, even as tight as 3 hours. You can rely on us to meet your deadlines without compromising on quality.
Timely Delivery : We prioritize timely delivery to ensure that you have sufficient time to review and submit your research paper. Our writers work diligently to complete your paper within the agreed-upon timeframe, allowing you ample time for any revisions or modifications you may require.
24/7 Support : We provide round-the-clock support to address any queries or concerns you may have. Our customer support team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions regarding our services, order placement, or ongoing projects. Feel free to reach out to us at any time.
Absolute Privacy : We understand the importance of confidentiality. Your personal information and the details of your research paper are treated with the utmost privacy and confidentiality. We adhere to strict data protection protocols to ensure the security of your information.
Easy Order Tracking : Our user-friendly platform allows you to easily track the progress of your research paper. You can communicate with your assigned writer, provide additional instructions or clarifications, and monitor the status of your order throughout the writing process.
Money Back Guarantee : We are committed to customer satisfaction. In the unlikely event that you are not satisfied with the quality of the research paper or the services provided, we offer a money-back guarantee. Your investment is protected, and we strive to ensure your complete satisfaction.

Choosing iResearchNet for your veterinary medicine research paper needs ensures that you receive professional, reliable, and customized writing services. Our team of expert writers, in-depth research capabilities, adherence to formatting guidelines, and commitment to quality will ensure that your research paper meets the highest academic standards. With flexible pricing options, timely delivery, 24/7 support, absolute privacy, and easy order tracking, we strive to make your experience with iResearchNet seamless and rewarding. Place your trust in us and let our expertise guide you towards academic success.

Achieve Excellence with iResearchNet!

Are you struggling with your veterinary medicine research papers? Do you find it challenging to choose the right topics, conduct in-depth research, and meet the high academic standards of your institution? Look no further! iResearchNet is here to provide you with the professional support you need to excel in your veterinary medicine studies. Our team of expert writers and researchers is ready to assist you in crafting top-quality research papers that will impress your professors and elevate your academic performance.

By choosing iResearchNet, you gain access to a range of benefits that will make your research paper writing experience smooth, efficient, and stress-free. Our team consists of highly qualified writers with expertise in veterinary medicine and related fields. They are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to tackle even the most complex research topics. Whether you need assistance in selecting research paper topics, conducting thorough research, or structuring your paper, our experts are here to guide you every step of the way.

iResearchNet is your trusted partner in veterinary medicine research paper writing. With our experienced team, commitment to quality, customer-oriented approach, and range of services, we are dedicated to helping you succeed in your academic journey. Place your trust in us and experience the difference that professional assistance can make. Take the first step towards veterinary medicine research paper excellence and unlock your full potential with iResearchNet.

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How to Write Great Personal Essays for Veterinary School

If you are getting ready to go to veterinary school, the first step in your formal acceptance process is preparing your application through the Veterinary Medical College Application Service (VMCAS). There are many sections to this application, from general demographic information to a list of your academic history and veterinary experience, and this application takes a lot of time to fill out. While most of the application is just about listing facts, one of the more daunting aspects for many hopeful applications is crafting the perfect personal statement for the VMCAS.

The VMCAS personal statement or essay portion has changed some over the years, from a one or two-page essay during my application cycle to the most recent three essay questions with specific prompts. The prompts from the 2020 application cycle were the following:

There are many career choices within the veterinary profession. What are your future career goals and why?
In what ways to veterinarians contribute to society and what do you hope to contribute?
Consider the breadth of society which veterinarians serve. What attributes do you believe are essential to be successful within the veterinary profession? Of these attributes, which do you possess and how have you demonstrated these in the past?

Regardless of the format of the essay portion when you apply to veterinary school, the following tips are sure to help you create a great essay portion for your own VMCAS application.

1. Read the Requirements and Stick to Them!

This is an obvious suggestion, but it is important to adhere to the following requirements that VMCAS lists.

Keep your topic general (not program-specific), as this application will be sent to multiple veterinary colleges.
Stay within the character limits! Last year it was 2,000 characters per essay.
Use your own words and DO NOT plagiarize.
Use simple formatting.

2. Don’t Try to Re-List Your Experience and Achievements

The admissions committee members can see the rest of your application, where you will have plenty of space to list all of the bullet points on your resume up to this date. So when it comes to the essay questions, don’t waste time trying to re-highlight your previous experiences within your answers. Focus on answering the prompts directly without feeling the need to list your qualifications.

Except for your answer to question three, you do not even need to list any specific past examples. And when you do get to essay number three, keep in mind that you can think outside the box and are not limited to instances where you demonstrated these qualities in a veterinary-related capacity. Your attributes and personality traits outside of school and veterinary clinics are just as reflective of who you are. And who you are outside of a veterinary clinic or formal education setting can have a big impact on your personality and future success as a veterinarian.

3. Don’t Be Vague

Come up with specific examples for your essay answers that really help the admissions committee get to know you. Telling the admissions committee that you want to help improve the lives of animals doesn’t really tell them anything. You want to demonstrate insight, maturity, and depth in your essay. Show that you put a lot of thought into your answers.

Instead of generally helping animals, maybe you want to contribute to society by donating your time at a local humane society providing veterinary care at lower cost to qualifying low-income households. Maybe you want to work in rural Iowa to help decrease the barriers to accessing veterinary care for those that live in underserved regions of the United States.

Being specific will help you demonstrate more of who you are and help you stand out from the crowded pool of applications.

4. Avoid the Cliches

Another way to stand out with unique answers is to avoid cliches. For example, you probably don’t need to mention that an essential attribute to becoming a successful veterinarian is to “love animals.” Instead, think about things that are less cliche but just as essential and more specific, such as being a great communicator, so that you can improve the lives of animals by clearly discussing the importance of preventative care with a dog’s caretaker.

In addition to loving animals, it can be cliche to discuss that you have wanted to work with animals since you were young or that you feel that veterinary medicine your passion or calling. When you craft your answers to these essays it can help to write down multiple ideas for answers and get rid of the obvious responses. The more obvious the response, the less likely it will be to stand out from other applications.

5. Match Your Future Goals with Your Experience

Make sure your future goals are in line with the experience that you have listed on your VMCAS application. If not, explain why. For example, if most of your veterinary experience has been obtained working with cats and dogs, it would be expected that you are interested in working a small animal veterinary clinic after graduation.

If your future goals do not match your experience, let the admissions committee know why. Maybe you had a recent experience assisting with a research project and found purpose in research as a way to improve the lives of cats and dogs.

By explaining any discrepancy between your future goals and your past experience, you create a cohesive application and don’t leave the admissions committee wondering about the differences.

6. Set a Confident and Positive Tone

When you discuss your future goals, write about the good things that you are going to do WHEN you graduate from veterinary school. Not the things you will do IF you graduate from veterinary school. This will help you come across as confident and capable. Other people are more likely to believe in you when you also believe in your success.

And don’t make any excuses or focus on any negatives in these 3 short essays. You want to leave the admissions committees with a positive overall impression after they finish reading your essay responses.

7. Pick 3-5 Main Points for Each Answer

Since you only have 2,000 characters in which to write a great essay answer to each question, it can be helpful to list out your ideas and main points before you begin writing. Then you can review your ideas and pick the 3-5 strongest ideas for each answer. Throw out any ideas that seem cliche or vague.

By focusing your thoughts ahead of time, you can write a more clear and concise essay that clearly answers the question.

8. Write Your Essay Answers without Focusing on the Character Count

Once you have picked your main 3-5 points, write without focusing the character count. After you have written what you want to convey, read the essay and then cut out information that you don’t need and work on shortening sentences.

No fluff is needed, get straight to the point. Any sentence that isn’t directly supporting your answer can be shortened or removed. And limit descriptive words to help get as much information as possible across in your 2000 character limit.

That being said, if you have the opposite problem and your essay is not close to the 2000 character limit, consider adding another point to that essay. You do want to try and fill most of the space allowed.

9. Proofread, Proofread, Proofread!

Type your answers out in a program like Microsoft Word or Google Docs so that you can easily proofread your essays. I recommend having at least 3 other people read through your essays to look for any spelling or grammar mistakes.

When you proofread the essays yourself, read them aloud so that it is easier to catch any errors.

If you don’t have anyone in your life to help you proofread your personal statement, then head over to The Student Doctor Network Pre-Veterinary Forum . There is a whole topic thread of people willing to help read personal statements for the prospective class of 2025!

Time to Get Writing

Good luck in your journey to veterinary school! I remember how stressful the application process can be, but remember to take a deep breath and leave plenty of time to fill out your application in as stress-free a manner as possible.

And if you are looking for more advice on writing your personal essays, check out this great guide for writing a personal statement from Loop Abroad . It is very thorough and helpful!

The writer of this blog, Dr. Kate, has been practicing veterinary medicine since 2014. She works at a small animal practice, focusing on dogs and cats. In her free time, she enjoys hiking with her two dogs. You can find out more about her adventures with her pups on PawsitivelyIntrepid.com

Theses and Dissertations

Theses from 2017 2017.

Quantitation of anti-Pythium insidiosum antibodies before and after immunotherapy in healthy dogs , Carmen Beatriz Arsuaga

Evaluation of Broad Anti-Herpesviral Activity with α-Hydroxytropolones , Shannon David Dehghanpir

The Effects of Chemical Reagents and Physical Environment on the In Vitro and In Vivo Properties of Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells Isolated from Different Species , Wei Duan

Development of Mouse Models for the Study of Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Antibody Response , Anna Beatriz Kawiecki

Pharmacokinetics of Micronized Progesterone Administration in Female Dogs , Raphael Anthony Malbrue

Microscopic Evaluations of Bone in Equine and Muroid Models , Heather Ashley Richbourg

Dissertations from 2016 2016

Amblyomma maculatum Immunomodulation in Mammalian Models of Rickettsia parkeri Rickettsiosis , Kaikhushroo Hormazd Banajee

The Investigation of Biofilm Formation by Equine Reproductive Tract Escherichia Coli , David Paul Beehan

Rickettsia felis, Transmission Mechanisms of an Emerging Flea-borne Rickettsiosis , Lisa Diane Brown

Convergence of Excitatory and Inhibitory Projections in the Mouse Medial Geniculate Body , Blaise Andre Clarke

Chikungunya Virus Infection-Associated Bone and Joint Disease , Brad A. Goupil

Evaluation and Biomechanical Analysis of Equine Prosthetics , Nicole Marie Hansen

Characterization of rickettsial infection dynamics within Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma maculatum , Emma Kate Harris

Role of an Adenylyl Cyclase Isoform in Alcohol's Effect on Cyclic AMP Regulated Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells , Rebecca Ann Hill

The Ability of Bull and Stallion Thawed Spermatozoa Refrozen without Cryoprotectants to Activate Intra- and Interspecies Oocytes , Jose Len Yin

The Role of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in High-Fat Diet-Induced Adiposopathy and Brain Dysfunction in a Mouse Model , Jennifer Kathleen Pepping

Role of Histone H4 Mutations in DNA Repair Pathways , Sheikh Arafatur Rahman

Immunopathogenesis Of Herpes Simpex Viruses: Design And Testing Of Novel Vaccines To Prevent Herpes Viral Infections , Brent Allison Damico Stanfield

Identification and Characterization of a Relish-type NF-kB, DvRelish in Dermacentor variabilis, the American Dog Tick , Victoria Irene Verhoeve

Theses from 2015 2015

The Effects of Prostatic Fluid on Functional Characteristics of Cooled Canine Semen , Reto Fritsche

Correlation of Ultrasonographic Small Intestinal Wall Layering with Histology in Normal Dogs , Alexandre Benjamin Le Roux

Development and Characterization of a Live-attenuated Vaccine to Combat Equine Herpesvirus Type-1 infections , Shiliang Anthony Liu

The Use of Geographic Information Systems and Ecological Niche Modeling to Map Transmission Risk for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bahia, Brazil , Moara de Santana Martins

Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in Acute and Chronic Renal Diseases , Anand R. Nair

The Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein K in Neuroinvasion and Immunopathogenesis of Herpes Keratitis , Ahmad Saied

Mechanisms Controlling Stem Cell Differentiation , Tran Doan Ngoc Tran

Comparative Genomic Studies of Catfish and Zebrafish Strains of Edwardsiella ictaluri , Rui Wang

Theses from 2014 2014

Autologous Adipose Derived Adult Multipotent Stromal Cells Alter the Porcine Systemic Immune and Bone Biomarkers Response to Cancellous Bone Xenografts , Jonathan Francis Bova

Genetics and Functions of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Membrane Proteins UL20/gK in Virion Envelopment and Entry , Anu Susan Charles

The Role of Viral Glycoproteins and Tegument Proteins in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment , Dmitry Vladimirovich Chouljenko

Outer Surface Lipoprotein Layer Homeostasis and Gene Regulation in Borrelia burgdorferi , Poonam Dadhwal

Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Pathophysiology of Hypertension , Rahul Babulal Dange

Comparison of Immune Responses During Gastrointestinal Helminth Self-Cure Expulsion Between Resistant Gulf Coast Native and Susceptible Suffolk Sheep , Javier Jesus Garza

Mechanisms of Innate Immunity in Polymicrobial Sepsis , Liliang Jin

The role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in innate immunity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia , Mary Katherine Leissinger

Cardiovascular tolerance and safety of intravenous lidocaine in the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) , Joao Manuel Lemos Brandao

North American Lyme Borreliae: New Distributions and an Insight Into Borrelia bissettii Infection, Immune Response and Transmission in a Murine Model , Brian Francis Leydet Jr

Transcription Coupled DNA Repair in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: the Interplay of Facilitators and Repressors , Wentao Li

Influence of Aedes aegypti Saliva on the Vertebrate Host Response to Dengue Virus , Michael Kevin McCracken

Characteristics of Dental Follicle Stem Cells and Their Potential Application for Treatment of Craniofacial Defects , Maryam Rezai Rad

The Roles of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neurotransmitters in an Animal Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder , Carl Brad Wilson

Characterization of IgE-mediated Cutaneous Immediate and Late-Phase Reactions in Non-Allergic Horses , Michelle Woodward

In Utero Exposure To Second-Hand Smoke Aggravates Adult Responses To Inhaled Irritants , Rui Xiao

Dissertations from 2013 2013

Characterization, prevalence, and risk factors of spontaneous and experimental atherosclerosis and vascular imaging in psittaciformes , Hugues Beaufrère

Characterization of the effect of alcohol on recombinant proteins derived from mammalian adenylyl cyclase , Emily Qualls Creekmore

Identification of genes responsible for maintenance of differentiation capability in dental pulp stem cells , Michael B. Flanagan

Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gM and the membrane associated protein UL11 are required for virus-induced cell fusion and efficient virus entry , In Joong Kim

Copper oxide wire particles used to control Haemonchus infections : efficacy in giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) at Busch Gardens Tampa and potential mechanism of action , Allyson Kinney Moscona

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of human and canine hookworm , Ntombi B. Mudenda

Signal transduction and Rickettsial infection of tick cells , Natthida Petchampai

Role of NOD2/RIP2 signaling in acute bacterial pneumonia and sepsis , Balamayooran Theivanthiran

Computed tomographic assessment of canine arytenoid lateralization , James Richard Wignall

Optimization of Feline Adipose-derived Multipotent Stromal Cell Isolation and Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Regeneration with Intra-articular Adipose-derived Multipotent Stromal Cells , Nan Zhang

Dissertations from 2012 2012

Mechanisms by Which Exercise Training Attenuates Blood Pressure in Animals: Roles of Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3â , Deepmala Agarwal

Essential role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in gram-negative bacterial pneumonia , Gayathriy Balamayooran

The effects of iodixanol present during equine semen cryopreservation , David Paul Beehan

Role of Herpes Simplex Type I Glycoproteins in Entry and Cell-cell Fusion , Sona Chowdhury

The role of gylcoprotein K (gK) in the ocular and neuropathogenesis of herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) , Andrew Timothy David

Koutango: under reported arboviral disease in West Africa , Jaime Matias de Araujo Lobo

Evaluation of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coated AO cortical screws in equine third metacarpal bone , Myra Elizabeth Durham

Development and characterization of a murine model of Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis , Britton Grasperge

Immunization of West Nile recombinant envelope Domain III with equine CD40 ligand protein vaccine induced specific immune response in rabbits and horses , Shiliang Anthony Liu

Ayahuasca characterization, metabolism in humans, and relevance to endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamines , Ethan Hamilton McIlhenny

Isolation and Characterization of Adult Progenitor Cells From Healthy and Laminitic Hoof Tissue , Vanessa Pinto

Role of Intraocular Leptospira Infections in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis in the Southern United States , Florence Polle

Anatomical studies of canine vascular and ligamentous ear structures with revelance to acute-onset deafness , Cathryn Kay Stevens-Sparks

Structural and molecular pathology of the atrium in boxer arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy , Jorge Luis Vila

Theses from 2011 2011

Mechanical evaluation of aluminum oxide roughened screws in equine third metacarpal bone , Petrisor Baia

Arginine metabolism in the Edwardsiella ictaluri- channel catfish macrophage dynamic , Wes Arend Baumgartner

The Role of Inflammatory Molecules in Hypertension , Jeffrey Paul Cardinale

Arbovirus phenotype alters transmission potential , Rebecca C. Christofferson

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to prevent hypertension-induced renal disease in the spontaneously hypertensive rate , Carrie Marie Elks

Characterization of Spiroplasma mirum and its role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies , Hilari Maree French

Mapping and modeling of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil and Bolivia , Paula Mischler

Biomechanical evaluation of medial and lateral approaches for experimentally created medial condylar fractures of the equine third metacarpal bone , Saybl Beauton Sprinkle

The tick response to Rickettsial dissemination during typical and atypical Rickettsial infection , Piyanate Sunyakumthorn

Identification of Novel Core and Accessory Factors Involved in Nucleotide Excision Repair in Yeast , Danielle Marie Tatum

Dissertations from 2010 2010

Identification of a tumor-targeting-peptide and development of a tumor-targeted-cytokine vector for systemic treatment of primary and metastatic malignancies , Jeffry Cutrera

Revealing the role of receptor WSX1: a double-edged sword in tumor progession , Denada Dibra

The roles of transcription factors in Nucleotide excision repair in yeast , Baojin Ding

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a Brucella putative hemagglutinin , Lauren E. Duhon

The role of bone marrow in SIV pathogenesis using the Rhesus macaque model , Amy F. Gill

Applicability and integration of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coated AO cortical bone screws in equine bone , Timm Gudehus

Role of gastrointestinal multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the oral absorption of methadone in horses , Renata Lehn Linardi

Depolarization by transient receptor potential melastatin 4 in pancreatic alpha-cells regulates glucagon secretion , Piper Lynn Nelson

Optimization and toxocologic effects of cancer immuno-electrogene therapy using a tumor-targeted interleukin-12 gene construct , Scott Douglas Reed

OspC in the pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi , Sunita V. Seemanapalli

Carprofen-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria of the colonic mucosa of the dog , Lynne A. Snow

In vivo and in vitro pathogenesis of Francisella asiatica in tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) , Esteban Soto

Interaction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the renin angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of hypertension , Srinivas Sriramula

Dissertations from 2009 2009

Innate Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System Following Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9 Activation , Niranjan Babu Butchi

Influence of tick transmission on the host response to Rickettsial infection , Soma Chowdhury

Matrix metalloproteinases in the equine systemic inflammatory response: implications for equine laminitis , Lee Ann Fugler

Tumor necrosis factor induced oxidative stress in the central nervous system contributes to sympathoexcitation in heart failure , Anuradha Guggilam

Chondrocyte death in canine osteochondral explants exposed to 0.5 percent bupivacaine , Geoffrey Stuart Hennig

Biomechanical evaluation of a 6.5-mm headless, tapered variable pitch screw (Acutrak Plus) in equine and synthetic bone , Andrew James Czak Lewis

Ecological risk models for visceral leishmaniais [sic] in Bahia, Brazil and diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs in south central Louisiana , Prixia Nieto

Arthropod and vertebrate determinants for horizontal transmission of Rickettsia felis , Kathryn Elizabeth Reif

Expression of the Edwardsiella ictaluri type III secretion system and its relationship to the native plasmids , Matthew Lee Rogge

Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents against equine herpesvirus type 1: the mechanism of antiviral effects of porphyrin derivatives , Galena V. Rybachuk

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Bristol Veterinary School

Faculty of Health Sciences
Website http://www.bristol.ac.uk/vetscience

United Kingdom

Student theses

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A comparison between methadone and buprenorphine for perioperative analgesia in dogs and cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Supervisor: Murrell, J. (Supervisor), Hunt, J. (Supervisor) & Yates, D. (Supervisor)

Student thesis : Master's Thesis › Master of Science by Research (MScR)

Affect and Decision Making: Disentangling Underlying Processes

Supervisor: Gilchrist, I. (Supervisor) & Mendl, M. (Supervisor)

Student thesis : Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A genetic and tissue-engineering approach to improving canine olfactory ensheathing cell transplant for spinal cord injury

Supervisor: Granger, N. (Supervisor), Wong, L. (Supervisor), Chanoit, G. (Supervisor), Tarlton, J. (Supervisor) & Chari, D. M. (External person) (Supervisor)

A mouse model of haemoplasma infection, in vitro cultivation of haemoplasmas and steps towards better diagnosis of and vaccination against haemoplasmosis

Supervisor: Helps, C. (Supervisor), Bailey, M. (Supervisor), Tasker, S. (Supervisor), Hill, D. (Supervisor) & Knowles, T. G. (Supervisor)

An assessment of non-antibiotic approaches to mastitis control in the dry period and their impact on intramammary infection dynamics

Supervisor: Bradley, A. (Supervisor)

An epidemiological investigation of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. as infectious agents causing abortion in dairy cattle in Uruguay

Supervisor: Eisler, M. C. (Supervisor), Turner, K. M. E. (Supervisor) & Riet-Correa, F. (External person) (Supervisor)

Animal Welfare Aspects of Mechanical Stunning and Killing of Neonate Farm Animals and Mechanical Stunning of Adult Cattle

Supervisor: Knowles, T. (Supervisor)

An investigation into restricted grazing techniques in the UK and their impact on equine welfare

Supervisor: Hockenhull, J. (Supervisor), Horseman, S. V. (Supervisor) & Knowles, T. G. (Supervisor)

An investigation of the relationship between carriage of Leptospira and kidney disease in cats

Supervisor: Cogan, T. (Supervisor) & Jeffery, A. (Supervisor)

A participatory, farmer-led approach to changing practice around antimicrobial use on UK dairy farms

Supervisor: Reyher, K. (Supervisor), Main, D. (External person) (Supervisor), Buller, H. (External person) (Supervisor) & Escobar-Tello, M. P. (Supervisor)

A prospective cohort study of foot temperature and claw horn disruption lesions in non-lame dairy cows.

Supervisor: Whay, B. (Supervisor) & van Klink, E. (Supervisor)

A quasi-experimental study of the Flipped Classroom Method in a Hong Kong Associate Degree of Nursing Studies setting

Supervisor: Orchard, J. (Supervisor) & Browne, W. (Supervisor)

Student thesis : Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Education (EdD)

Assessing and understanding Chinese high school students' scientific argumentation competence

Supervisor: Browne, W. (Supervisor) & Mbogo Barrett, A. (Supervisor)

Assessing changes in serum IgG subclass antibodies in horses following a Phase I clinical trial of Antigen Specific Oral Immunotherapy of Culicoides spp. salivary gland proteins.

Supervisor: Wilson, D. (Supervisor) & Cogan, T. (Supervisor)

A study of leadership in Hong Kong self-financing Higher Education

Supervisor: Browne, W. (Supervisor) & Tikly, L. (Supervisor)

Barriers to population level AMR research in UK livestock and opportunities for data science

Supervisor: Reyher, K. (Supervisor), Dowsey, A. (Supervisor) & Bullock, S. (Supervisor)

Behavioural indicators of candidate enrichments for kennel housed dogs

Supervisor: Bradshaw, J. (Supervisor)

Biomechanics of the cervical spine

Supervisor: Adams, M. (Supervisor) & Dolan, T. (Supervisor)

Carriage of Bacterial Pathogens in the Bovine Upper Respiratory Tract: Effects of Respiratory Virus Vaccination

Supervisor: Eisler, M. (Supervisor), Finn, A. (Supervisor), Bailey, M. (Supervisor) & Lee, M. (Supervisor)

Characterisation of the porcine pathogen Trypanosoma ( Pycnomonas ) suis

Supervisor: Gibson, W. C. (Supervisor), Stevens, J. (External person) (Supervisor) & Bailey, M. (Supervisor)

Clinical Trial: Investigating the efficacy of behavioural treatment and indicators of emotional state in the fearful domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

Supervisor: Blackwell, E. (Supervisor) & Mendl, M. T. (Supervisor)

Cognition and motivation in rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders

Supervisor: Robinson, E. (Supervisor) & Hers, I. (Supervisor)

Cognitive bias as an indicator of emotional states in animals

Composition, metabolism and mechanics of the midcarpal joint in thoroughbred horses : relationships to racing and age.

Supervisor: Tarlton, J. (Supervisor)

Data-driven housing designs to improve bone health and welfare in laying hens

Supervisor: Tarlton, J. (Supervisor), Buijs, S. (Supervisor) & Toscano, M. (Supervisor)

Developing measures for pain assessment in dairy calves

Supervisor: Murrell, J. (Supervisor), Hockenhull, J. (Supervisor), Held, S. (Supervisor) & Love, E. (Supervisor)

Developing the pillars for a canine disease surveillance and outbreak response framework in the UK

Supervisor: Sánchez-Vizcaíno, F. (Supervisor) & Szilassy, E. (Supervisor)

Developmental and other predisposing factors contributing to behavioural disorders related to fear and anxiety in the domestic dog

Development of a multivariate analytical system to identify lameness in dairy cows.

Supervisor: Hockenhull, J. (Supervisor) & Whay, B. (Supervisor)

Does natural foraging niche influence captive animal health and welfare?

Supervisor: Mendl, M. (Supervisor), Cuthill, I. (Supervisor) & Mason, G. (External person) (Supervisor)

Echocardiographic studies in the horse.

Elucidating mechanisms of tumour resistance to checkpoint blockade.

Supervisor: Wooldridge, L. (Supervisor), Morgan, D. (Supervisor) & Wuelfing, C. (Supervisor)

Epidemiological and biomechanical studies into the role of biotin supplementation on lameness in dairy cows.

Supervisor: Green, L. (Supervisor)

Establishing a Reverse Genetic System for Type 1 Feline Coronavirus

Supervisor: Davidson, A. D. (Supervisor) & Tasker, S. (Supervisor)

Evaluation and prediction of agonistic behaviour in the domestic dog

Evaluation of the effect of the bristol pecking pan on beak sharpness of pullets during rear.

Supervisor: Weeks, C. (Supervisor) & Butterworth, A. (Supervisor)

Experimental Improvements in Pullet Rearing

Supervisor: Tarlton, J. (Supervisor) & Knowles, T. (Supervisor)

Exploring social dynamics in cattle using a social networks approach

Supervisor: Held, S. (Supervisor) & Caplen, G. (Supervisor)

Factors affecting Salmonella invasion of epithelial cells

Farmer innovation for improvement of animal health and welfare : a comparison of different policy interventions to enhance practice-led innovation for animal health and welfare improvement.

Supervisor: Reyher, K. (Supervisor), Mullan, S. (Supervisor) & Main, D. (Supervisor)

Health, Behaviour and Individual Differences of Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.) in Rehabilitation for Reintroduction

Supervisor: Mendl, M. (Supervisor) & Rooney, N. (Supervisor)

Helminth parasites of pigs and humans in North Central Nigeria, with a particular focus on Taenia solium

Supervisor: Morgan, E. R. (Supervisor) & Eisler, M. C. (Supervisor)

Identification of stimuli and challenges to improve the environment of captive kea

Supervisor: Mendl, M. (Supervisor) & Held, S. (Supervisor)

Identifying constraints to health and production in the UK dairy goat industry : Subtheme; Colostrum

Supervisor: Grogono-Thomas, R. (Supervisor), Mendl, M. (Supervisor) & Knowles, T. G. (Supervisor)

Student thesis : Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)

Impact of biostimulants on forage and silage quality of maize and ryegrass

Supervisor: Lee, M. (Supervisor) & Cogan, T. (Supervisor)

Implementation of canine quality of life assessment in veterinary practice

Supervisor: Blackwell, E. (Supervisor) & Mullan, S. (Supervisor)

Improving dairy cattle welfare : examining Motivational Interviewing, veterinary communication and the herd health advisory paradigm

Supervisor: Reyher, K. K. (Supervisor), Main, D. C. J. (Supervisor), Roe, E. J. (Supervisor), Haase, A. M. (Supervisor) & Whay, H. R. (Supervisor)

Investigating novel and existing methods of preventing, detecting and treating digital dermatitis in dairy cattle

Supervisor: Whay, B. (Supervisor) & Leach, K. (Supervisor)

Investigating the effect of individual attributes on dogs’ performance in medical detection tasks

Supervisor: Rooney, N. J. (Supervisor) & Mendl, M. T. (Supervisor)

Investigating the efficacy of automated writing evaluation as a diagnostic assessment tool in L2 writing instruction: A mixed-method study

Supervisor: Yu, G. (Supervisor) & Browne, W. J. (Supervisor)

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Defining the primary research question in veterinary clinical studies

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A thoughtful, clearly defined research question should be the foundation of any clinical trial or research study. The research question helps determine key study methods, and defining a specific research question helps avoid problems with inadequate sample size, inappropriate design, or multiple statistical comparisons. Rationales and strategies for formulating research questions and using them to define study protocols are discussed, with a focus on application in clinical trials.

Veterinary clinical trials are experiments that test medical treatments in client-owned animals with naturally occurring health conditions. As veterinarians become increasingly familiar with the principles of evidence-based medicine, they are looking to the results of clinical trials to guide their practice. However, the methodological quality of published veterinary clinical trials is often poor, 1–4 which means that readers could draw incorrect conclusions from trial results and in turn make unfounded changes in patient care. Results of a recent review of study power in reports of small animal trials indicated that not only did most trials contain methodological flaws, but only a handful of studies even stated the primary research question. 4 Whereas this may seem impossible (after all, how can an experiment have no question?), it is actually a well-recognized problem in clinical research: the general idea is clear, but the specific study question is inadequately defined. 5 In trying to address large knowledge gaps with minimal resources, veterinary investigators often pose a broad research objective, design a study that will maximize the number and types of comparisons that can be made, comb the data to find interesting associations, and then devise explanations as to what these findings mean. Although well intentioned, trials that utilize this exploratory data-driven approach can result in biased or misleading results and are typically improperly designed to answer the questions of greatest clinical relevance. Of particular concern is the potential to arrive at false conclusions because of inappropriate study design, inadequate sample size, multiple statistical comparisons, or a combination of these issues. These are serious problems that affect the validity of clinical trials and other common research designs in veterinary medicine, such as retrospective case series and cohort studies as well as preclinical studies (eg, those involving purpose-bred animals or cadavers).

Development of a primary research question is essential to producing clinically relevant study results that can be applied to evidence-based practice. 5–8 A well-defined and specific research question helps determine the appropriate study design, sample population, and methods of data collection and analysis necessary to meaningfully address the knowledge gaps of greatest importance. 8 In this article, I will review how to define a research question, explain how the research question determines key methodological elements of a study, and discuss common pitfalls of clinical studies that fail to clearly define a primary research question. Although the discussion will focus on clinical trials, the principles can and should also be applied to other types of study designs commonly encountered in veterinary medicine, including retrospective and preclinical studies. It is hoped that this review and discussion will encourage veterinary investigators in all disciplines to successfully apply these principles and to incorporate a clearly defined primary research question when designing and conducting their studies.

Defining the Research Question

The first step in formulating a clinical research question is to gather information about the perceived knowledge deficit of interest. Typically, this involves a systematic search of the published veterinary and human medical literature. Currently, true systematic reviews and meta-analyses 9 are rare in the veterinary literature; therefore, researchers should review primary sources (such as original peer-reviewed articles) to understand what has been studied and reported on the topic to date. Enlisting the aid of a research librarian can help ensure that important citations are not missed during the information-gathering phase. Valuable information can also be gained via meetings with subject matter experts and focus groups with animal owners. The perspective of these individuals may be instrumental in determining the clinical relevance of proposed study questions and outcomes.

Many questions about a subject area will likely be generated during the aforementioned process. A single trial usually cannot address multiple research questions without introducing undue complexity of design and analysis. 6 Therefore, although investigators would typically like to answer many questions, it is advisable to establish a single primary research question on which the trial will focus. 5 One of the challenges in developing an appropriate research question is determining not only which clinical uncertainties should be studied, but which can be studied given the available resources. Initial ideas must be narrowed into questions that can be adequately answered or tested. The primary study question should be the answerable question that is of greatest interest to investigators and other relevant stakeholders, such as veterinarians and animal owners. 5,6,10 It is the question around which the study is primarily designed and which is emphasized in reporting of study results. The primary question is formulated into a specific hypothesis stating what the investigators expect to find; in a clinical trial, the hypothesis is typically how the primary outcome in an experimental group is expected to compare with the outcome in a control group. The hypothesis is tested in the trial by analyzing the aggregated primary outcomes of subjects in each group. 11

Secondary questions relating to the primary study question can also be formulated. There are 2 main types of secondary study questions in a clinical trial: outcome questions and subgroup questions. 5 Secondary outcome questions ask whether trial groups differ with respect to response variables other than the outcome assessed for the primary study question. For example, if the primary study question relates to whether a special renal diet, compared with a standard diet, improves overall survival time in cats with chronic kidney disease, secondary outcomes might include changes in creatinine concentration, body weight, or incidence of hypertension. Secondary subgroup questions examine whether subsets of subjects with certain characteristics differ with respect to the effect of the intervention on primary and secondary outcomes. Continuing with the above example, a subgroup question might evaluate the effect of the 2 different diets on overall survival time among cohorts of cats with early stage disease. Subgroup questions should be designed to evaluate clinically plausible effects of the intervention on subjects with different baseline characteristics. 12

Primary and secondary research questions and their associated hypotheses should be written as specifically as possible. It is not sufficient to ask: “is X better than Y?” or to hypothesize that “outcome with A will be superior to B” because such vague language can be interpreted in a multitude of ways. Methodologists recommend the use of a structured approach to develop a well-defined research question. 11 An optimal research question for a clinical trial will define the population being studied, the experimental and control interventions, the specific details of administration, and the specific primary outcome, including its time frame. 13 These elements are commonly referred to as the PICOT (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and time-frame) format ( Appendix 1 ). Published studies that define the primary research question with the PICOT format generally have higher methodological quality and clarity of reporting, compared with studies that lack a structured research question. 14

It is essential that all primary and secondary research questions be completely formulated prior to planning or implementing a study. The questions should drive the data collection—not the other way around. The purpose of a clinical study is to answer well-formulated and clinically relevant questions, not to seek out statistical relationships between variables and retroactively rationalize their meanings. Carefully selecting and defining the research question at the beginning of a trial reminds us why we undertook the research in the first place. It also provides a safeguard against formulating questions simply to fit the results or changing course midstudy in response to interesting or unexpected results. 15 An unambiguous research question provides a blueprint for an efficient trial that achieves a specific goal.

Determining Key Elements of Protocol Design

With the research question clearly defined, designing the study protocol becomes a relatively streamlined process. The parameters delineated in the research question dictate the design elements required to obtain a meaningful answer. 5,6,11,16 To illustrate this principle, I will focus on 3 important elements of trial design: the comparator group, outcomes, and sample size. However, the ideas presented are also applicable to other elements of study design.

Most clinical trials are comparative in nature and require a control group against which the effects of the experimental treatment will be assessed. The optimal comparison will differ depending on the research objectives. Many choices must be made, including whether the control treatment is an active treatment, an inactive (placebo) treatment, or both; whether the purpose of the comparison is to test the superiority or non-inferiority of the experimental treatment relative to the control treatment; and how subjects will be allocated to experimental groups. The chosen comparison will in turn influence the inclusion criteria, blinding, analytic plan, and so on. A structured research question will help direct the appropriate choices for each of these study design elements, whereas confusion ensues when the research question is not clearly specified. For example, consider the following research question:

In adult dogs weighing > 15 kg (33 lb), does treatment with carprofen before laparoscopic ovariectomy improve postoperative outcome?

In this instance, the best control group and other methodological choices are necessarily guesstimates because the comparison and outcomes of interest are unspecified. (What is the outcome? What is being compared? How much improvement is relevant?). Protocol decisions must be made to proceed with the study, but without a clear study question, it is easy to end up in a situation where arbitrary decisions about trial design dictate what questions can be answered, rather than the other way around. This occurs because the same clinical objective can often be met through various comparisons, quantified in multiple ways, or described by multiple outcomes. 11 Each potential control comparison and definition of improved outcome might require different types or numbers of measurements, blinding of different study personnel, and use of different sample sizes and analytic plans. Thus, vague research questions can easily result in excessive, clinically irrelevant, or noninformative comparisons and outcome assessments. 8 Investigators who set out to explore differences between treatments may easily become distracted by statistical differences in peripheral outcomes while failing to realize that the study is not properly designed to answer questions of real clinical and scientific importance. As such, it is essential that there be a clinical or scientific rationale for each trial methodological element as guided by the prespecified primary and secondary research questions. When the study question is poorly formulated, the overall trial structure, comparator arm, outcome assessments, and analysis plan may all be suboptimal in the ability to provide clinically relevant data. An even more problematic issue is that statistical differences identified by evaluating many different associations may be entirely spurious.

When the research question is clearly specified, these issues are more easily avoided. Consider this revised research question:

In adult dogs weighing > 15 kg that undergo laparoscopic ovariectomy, does SC injection of carprofen (2.2 mg/kg [1 mg/lb]) versus an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution at induction of general anesthesia result in greater activity monitor counts over the 24 hours immediately following surgery, controlling for age and baseline activity?

Now, the control group is specified, the purpose of the comparison is to determine superiority, and the enrolled dogs should be randomized, as there is no rationale for a historical or nonrandom comparison. Other study design elements are also easy to determine, such as the inclusion criteria, method, and timing of outcome measures. Furthermore, the statistical analysis plan can be determined at the outset because the associations of interest are already defined, thereby reducing the likelihood of false-positive associations as a result of excessive statistical comparisons.

Estimating the Appropriate Sample Size

The primary research question should also dictate the sample size of a clinical trial. Although not often reported in veterinary studies, power and sample size calculations are valuable in studies other than randomized trials, such as to determine the required number of experimental units in a preclinical study or the size of a cohort necessary to make a retrospective comparison. By use of the expected value of the primary outcome in the control group, one can estimate the number of animals needed to have a reasonably high power (a common target is at least 80%) of detecting the smallest relevant outcome difference between groups, if it exists. The difference between groups that you would like to detect should not only be clinically relevant but should also represent a plausible effect of the intervention. 10 For example, whereas there is no doubt that 100% improvement in survival time among dogs getting one chemotherapy agent versus another would be clinically relevant, in most instances it would unreasonable to expect such an effect (and probably unnecessary to perform a comparative trial to identify it). In a retrospective cohort study, a sample size calculation determines the number of animals that must be studied to make relevant comparisons, which can in turn dictate the databases and time frames from which data are collected. Similarly, the number of cadaver limb constructs needed for a particular preclinical study will depend on the outcome of interest and the magnitude of difference considered relevant. In the laparoscopic ovariectomy study example discussed, we might have prior evidence that the minimum clinically relevant difference in postoperative activity monitor counts between treatment groups is 25% (that is, differences of < 25% between groups do not correspond to any measurable benefit to the dogs). Therefore, to have a high probability of statistically documenting this effect size if it exists, we would calculate the number of dogs needed in each group to have a high power (≥ 80%) to detect a difference of ≥ 25%. If the subsequent study indicated no statistically significant difference in activity counts between groups, we could be reasonably confident that a meaningful improvement in activity counts was not missed.

A trial of a specific sample size cannot necessarily answer multiple related questions with the same precision. For example, the number of animals required to demonstrate non-inferiority is usually substantially larger than that required to establish superiority. 17 Similarly, a study with high power to detect a certain difference in the primary outcome of interest will not necessarily be able to identify important differences in secondary outcomes or across subgroups. However, planning the study sample size around the primary research question helps ensure that at least 1 key clinical question can be answered by the trial. On the other hand, it is virtually impossible to estimate the sample size required to answer a question that has not been posed.

The necessary sample size should be considered during the early stages of study design. Underpowered studies are a major problem in veterinary medicine. 4 They result in inefficient use of time, money, and patients; misinterpretation of results; and inappropriate changes in patient care. Many well-formulated and clinically relevant research questions cannot feasibly be tested in a clinical trial because the sample size required to answer them is unrealistically large. Constraints on sample size in veterinary medicine are particularly severe because of lack of funding and the coordinated multicenter infrastructure required to complete large trials. The median sample size of veterinary clinical trials published between 2000 and 2012 was only 32 to 40 animals. 2,4 If a sample size calculation indicates that an unworkable (ie, very large) number of animals is needed, the primary study question should be revised. This involves repeating the steps involved in generating the original study question and identifying a different clinically relevant question that can be answered with the available resources. The original question can often still be included as a secondary hypothesis-generating outcome. This approach will help prevent the situation in which a trial has virtually no chance from the outset to meaningfully inform clinical practice.

Using an Appropriate Analytic Plan

In addition to promoting the development of efficient study design and appropriate sample size, a well-defined research question provides the framework for an applicable data analysis plan. As for other elements of study design, the primary analytic methods should be stated in advance and based on the primary research question. In the absence of a clear statistical plan, misleading results are likely. 12,15 To illustrate this issue, consider how a poorly designed research question can contribute to multiplicities that threaten the validity of statistical conclusions and their clinical application.

Multiplicities refer to multiple comparisons and inferences that investigators make from the same data, and commonly arise in clinical trials and other veterinary research designs. Multiplicities substantially inflate the probability of making a type I error, or false-positive conclusion. Multiple comparisons arise as a result of comparing multiple outcomes and treatment arms, testing repeated measurements over time, taking multiple looks at the data as it is collected, and analyzing the data according to various subgroups of interest ( Appendix 2 ). 18 Although there is inherent multiplicity in many study designs, studies with inadequately defined research questions are particularly likely to include several types of multiple comparisons. If there is no primary research question to guide the analysis, investigators are likely to use a data-driven approach whereby a large amount of data is collected and subsequently mined for statistically significant outcomes, with many permutations of treatment arms, time points, and subgroups. Common problematic (hypothetical) examples in veterinary medicine include the following: 10 horses randomized to 2 anesthetic protocols where 20 different physiologic and blood parameters are collected and compared at 10 different time points; and a retrospective study of 40 cats with intestinal cancer where each CBC and serum biochemical test result is tested for its association with survival time across all animals and then tested again across several smaller subgroups of cats categorized according to intestinal location, lymph node status, and cancer type. Even if the 2 equine anesthetic protocols were in fact identical or if none of the cats' blood parameters were associated with survival time, we would still expect a number of statistically significant findings in these studies on the basis of chance alone. Thus, with enough testing, false-positive results will inevitably occur, but it is not possible to determine which are real and which are not. 19 Researchers naturally concentrate on associations for which results appear most favorable, which in turn requires the generation of explanatory theories to justify the observed findings. When false-positive results occur, incorrect information is propagated and this can then derail appropriate patient care and research direction.

Problems of multiplicity are compounded when the study power is low and the associations being tested lack a scientific or clinical basis. 20 When a test has low power and there is truly no difference between groups for most of the comparisons being made, more than half of all results that are significant at the P = 0.05 level can be false-positive findings. 21 This problem may be further exacerbated when tests are correlated rather than independent. 22 The potential for false-positive results is often obscured because published manuscripts generally only report tests that achieved statistical significance, rather than indicate every test that was performed or explored. 3,12

A clearly defined primary research question can help mitigate the risk of excessively high rates of false-positive results. An efficient study design formulated on the basis of specific, relevant hypotheses is one of the central protections against multiplicity 21 because it tends to limit the number of subgroups and other sources of multiple comparisons. 12,15,20 Nevertheless, it is nearly impossible to design a clinical trial or other veterinary study without introducing 1 or more sources of multiplicity. Because of this, experts generally agree that statistical adjustments are necessary in confirmatory trials to reduce the odds of finding false-positive results. 12,15,20–23 Many adjustment procedures exist that can be applied to different data situations. 23 When the trial objectives are clearly defined at the outset, a valid analytic strategy can be planned ahead of time on the basis of the pathophysiology of the disease being studied and the interventions of interest. 20 If data-driven hypotheses are tested, whether as secondary outcomes in a clinical trial or as part of an exploratory retrospective design, these should be clearly indicated and considered hypothesis-generating; the P values for such tests typically do not predict what could occur if the hypotheses were tested separately in another trial.

There are several compelling reasons to define a primary research question prior to planning or implementing a veterinary clinical research study. In this article, I have provided an overview of the main reasons to develop a specific research question and highlighted some of the negative consequences that can befall trials that fail to do so. The goals of designing a trial or other study are 2-fold: first, we want a trial that is capable of answering at least 1 important clinical question, and second, we wish to limit the influence of factors that might cause us to arrive at an incorrect or incomplete answer. Developing a clearly defined research question is an important first step toward achieving both of these goals.

Acknowledgments

The author thanks Dr. Susan Ellenberg for expert review and commentary.

1. Lund EM , James KM , Neaton JD . Veterinary randomized clinical trial reporting: a review of the small animal literature . J Vet Intern Med 1998 ; 12 : 57 – 60 .

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2. Brown DC . Control of selection bias in parallel-group controlled clinical trials in dogs and cats: 97 trials (2000–2005) . J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006 ; 229 : 990 – 993 .

3. Sargeant JM , Thompson A , Valcour J , et al. Quality of reporting of clinical trials of dogs and cats and associations with treatment effects . J Vet Intern Med 2010 ; 24 : 44 – 50 .

4. Giuffrida MA . Type II error and statistical power in reports of small animal clinical trials . J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014 ; 244 : 1075 – 1080 .

5. Friedman LM , Furberg CD , DeMets DL . Fundamentals of clinical trials . 4th ed. New York : Springer , 2010 .

6. Haynes RB . Forming research questions . J Clin Epidemiol 2006 ; 59 : 881 – 886 .

7. Farrugia R , Petrisor BA , Bhandari M . Research questions, hypotheses, and objectives . Can J Surg 2010 ; 53 : 278 – 281 .

8. Thabane L , Thomas T , Ye C , et al. Posing the research question: not so simple . Can J Anaesth 2009 ; 56 : 71 – 79 .

9. Haase SC . Systematic reviews and meta-analysis . Plast Reconstr Surg 2011 ; 127 : 955 – 966 .

10. Schulz KF , Altman DG , Moher D . CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials . BMJ 2010 ; 340 : c332 .

11. Piantadosi S . Clinical trials: a methodologic perspective . 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ : Wiley , 2005 .

12. Yusuf S , Wittes J , Probstfield J , et al. Analysis and interpretation of treatment effects of subgroups of patients in randomized clinical trials . JAMA 1991 ; 266 : 93 – 98 .

13. Rios LP , Ye C , Thabane L . Association between framing of the research question using the PICOT format and reporting quality of randomized controlled trials . BMC Med Res Methodol 2010 ; 10 : 11 .

14. Mayo NE , Asano N , Barbic SP . When is a research question not a research question? J Rehabil Med 2013 ; 45 : 513 – 518 .

15. Tukey JW . Some thoughts on clinical trials, especially problems of multiplicity . Science 1977 ; 198 : 679 – 684 .

16. Sackett DL , Wennberg JE . Choosing the best research design for each question . BMJ 1997 ; 315 : 1636 .

17. Jones B , Jarvis P , Lewis JA , et al. Trials to assess equivalence: the importance of rigorous methods . BMJ 1996 ; 313 : 36 – 39 .

18. Proschan MA , Waclawiw MA . Practical guidelines for multiplicity adjustment in clinical trials . J Clin Epidemiol 2000 ; 21 : 527 – 539 .

19. Westfall PH , Young SS . Resampling-based multiple testing: examples and methods for p value adjustment . New York : Wiley , 1993 .

20. Bender R , Lange S . Adjusting for multiple testing—when and how? J Clin Epidemiol 2001 ; 54 : 343 – 349 .

21. Sterne JAC , Smith GD . Sifting the evidence—what's wrong with significance tests? BMJ 2001 ; 322 : 226 – 231 .

22. Bauer P , Chi G , Geller N , et al. Industry, government, and academic panel discussion on multiple comparisons in a “real” phase three clinical trial . J Biopharm Stat 2003 ; 13 : 691 – 701 .

23. Sankoh AJ , Huque MF , Dubey SD . Some comments on frequently used multiple endpoint adjustment methods in clinical trials . Stat Med 1997 ; 16 : 2529 – 2542 .

A structured approach to defining the research question in a clinical study: the PICOT criteria.

In ______ P ______, how does ______ I ______ compared with ______ C ______affect ______ O ______ over ______ T ______?

Population : the target group to which the study is most relevant and to which results are intended to generalize.

Intervention : the specific condition, behavior, test, medication, procedure, etc being studied. For experimental studies, this will be a direct treatment or action to which study subjects are assigned by investigators; for observational studies, this will be a characteristic or intervention that exists in or is applied to study subjects independent of the research study.

Comparator : the alternative to the intervention being studied. This might be the absence of the intervention or a placebo or active control. Experimental studies always have a comparison, whereas some observational studies do not.

Outcome : the parameter that will be measured to determine the effect of the intervention on the population.

Time : the time frame over which the outcome will be measured.

Common sources of multiple comparisons that can be encountered when formulating data analysis plans for clinical studies.

• Testing an excessive number of explanatory variables

• Testing an excessive number of outcome variables

• Testing different definitions of the same outcome

• Repeating tests across multiple subgroups of subjects

• Testing the same variable in multiple formats

• Repeating the same comparisons with different statistical tests

• Defining groups or levels of variables on the basis of the data

• Changing criteria used to include or exclude subjects from analysis

• Repeating tests both within and between treatment groups

• Adding subjects or experiments and repeating analyses until statistical significance occurs

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UKnowledge > Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment > Veterinary Science > Theses & Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE ANALYSIS: MODELING SKELETAL INJURIES IN THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES , Grace Louise Camp

MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDIES OF HORSES, ESPECIALLY WITH REFERENCE TO AGGRECAN AND DWARFISM , John Edmund Eberth

Effects of High-Speed Training on Messenger RNA Expression in Two-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses , Mackenzie Grace Johnson

Equine Fecal Microbiota Response to Short Term Antibiotic Administration , Jordan Lacey Parker

RECEPTOR USAGE AND INFECTION BIOLOGY OF INFLUENZA D VIRUS , Tirth Uprety

USE OF MOLECULAR GENETICS TO INVESTIGATE POPULATION STRUCTURE AND SWAYBACK IN HORSES , Navid YousefiMashouf

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

The microbiome of the equine roundworm, Parascaris spp. , Jennifer Lynn Cain

The Effect of Intra-Articular Corticosteroids on the Systemic Messenger RNA Response in an Equine Experimental Inflammation Model , Emma Elaine Partridge

Identifying Bisphosphonate Protein Biomarkers in Equine Sera Using Mass Spectrometry Methods , Malinda Jayne Alison Porter

DISSECTING THE ROLE OF ACTIN-MYOSIN MOTOR AND CALCIUM – BASED ORGANELLE SECRETION IN MOTILITY OF SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA , Parul Suri

The Effects of Cannabidiol on Senior Equine Health , Shelley Turner

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION OF EQUINE PROXIMAL SESAMOID BONES TO HIGH-SPEED EXERCISE , Kathryn Mary Babiarz

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CARRIER STATE AND A NOVEL MARKER OF LEPTOSPIRA AND ABORTION IN CENTRAL KENTUCKY HORSES , Gloria Louise Gellin

MUSCLE MASS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN THE SENIOR HORSE , Alisa Christina Herbst

Effects of Season and Nutrition on Insulinemic Responses in Insulin Dysregulated Horses , Erica Lyn Macon

MATURATION OF EQUINE PROXIMAL SESAMOID BONES IN THOROUGHBRED HORSES , Angela Maria Mangine

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Donor Age Effects on the Proliferative and Chondrogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation Performance of Equine Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Culture , Jasmin Bagge

Evaluation of Rhodococcus equi Susceptibility to Silver Nanoparticle Antimicrobials , Elizabeth Boudaher

COMPARATIVE CHONDROGENESIS OF INTERZONE AND ANLAGEN CELLS IN EQUINE SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT , ChanHee Mok

Host-Parasite Interaction in Horses: Mucosal Responses to Naturally Acquired Cyathostomin Infections and Anthelmintic Treatment , Ashley Elaine Steuer

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

MODULATION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE, CHEMOKINE, AND TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR GENES AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF EQUINE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH EQUID HERPESVIRUS-1, AND EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS. , Saranajith Wangisa Dunuwille

ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN EQUINE PARASITES: MECHANISMS AND TREATMENT APPROACHES , Jessica Scare Kenealy

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NONRADIOACTIVE METHODS FOR MONITORING T LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS (EAV) IN HORSES , Annet Kyomuhangi

EFFECTS OF A SYSTEMIC HIGH UREA CONCENTRATION ON THE ENDOMETRIAL AND EMBRYONIC TRANSCRIPTOMES OF THE MARE , Yatta Linhares Boakari

EFFECTS OF PITUITARY PARS INTERMEDIA DYSFUNCTION AND PRASCEND ® TREATMENT ON ENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN SENIOR HORSES , Ashton B. Miller

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Veterinary School

VMCAS Essay Examples

VMCAS essay examples are a great place to start when you're preparing to apply to veterinary school. After researching vet school rankings and looking into the best vet schools in your chosen area, you’ve finally decided on the schools you would like to apply to. One of the items you’ll need to include in your VMCAS application is a personal essay. We’re here to show you how to highlight your personal story and provide you with some VMCAS essay examples to make the process easier.

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Article Contents 10 min read

Personal essay example 1.

I grew up in a family with no pets. An experimental goldfish or two, but there is no family dog I can look back on fondly. My parents were both immigrants who left their homes young and understandably focused on providing for their kids and ensuring we did well in school.

But like a lot of young kids, I developed a love and fascination for horses. My parents thought it was a phase, but when my requests for horseback riding lessons continued year after year, they finally relented and took me to a local farm for lessons. I remember my first connection with the pony. I felt like it could understand, hear, and accept me, without being able to say a word. That’s when I started to understand the relationship that people have with the animals in their lives, and I wanted nothing more than to experience it again.

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Several years later, I jumped at the opportunity to help out at the riding camp during the summer break. I didn’t realize until then how different it is to participate in the care of the animals, instead of just passively riding them. Every chore was to make sure the horses were comfortable, healthy, and happy. I felt like they relied on me, and they, in turn, provided peace and enjoyment to the people around them.

Since then, I’ve volunteered at the Second Chances Animal Sanctuary for several years, developing and applying the knowledge I’ve gained from my biology and zoology classes. My proudest moments were when we were able to help a family’s beloved pony walk again after a leg fracture that might have otherwise resulted in euthanasia. Being able to give the family hope when they thought there was nothing we could do was amazing, and giving the animal a chance at a full life was incredibly fulfilling.

I developed a special interest in animal orthopedics while completing an internship at the Main Street Animal Hospital. What I want more than anything is to be a vet who works within the field of orthopedics for large animals, developing therapies and treatment programs to help regain mobility. These animals are often essential to rural businesses or farms and should get the care a partner deserves. The sense of responsibility I feel toward them and their quality of life continues to drive me to pursue the skills and knowledge I need to care for them as a practitioner of veterinary medicine.

My parents didn’t believe in going to conventional places when it came to vacations. They wanted to see places that were unusual and immerse themselves in everything the locals did while they were there.

This meant that my brother and I were regularly exposed to places that were very culturally different from ours, but also climates that were totally new to us. As I got older, what struck me wasn’t always the exotic animals and plants, but the relationship a lot of people had with wildlife, and how it was different from what I experienced at home. At home in the urban setting where I lived, “wildlife” was what got into your garbage if you didn’t secure the lid properly. It was what dug through your flower pots at night. But in a lot of countries I visited, wildlife was an inseparable part of everyday life, and vital to the local economies. The animals there were valued as pollinators, decomposers, and yes, food. It made me curious about how people could value and experience wildlife back in the city where I lived.

At the beginning of high school, a friend and I decided to volunteer at the city’s wildlife center. As untrained volunteers we would mostly be cleaning cages and measuring feed for the animals, but I had never been so excited. The vets and vet technicians were so dedicated and resourceful. They relied on local donations, and the center survived on a shoestring budget, but they made it work. To them, even the common sparrows deserved kindness and care. Witnessing that level of empathy from vets and vet techs is humbling and inspiring.

Since that experience, I’ve taken as many opportunities as possible to work with wildlife organizations as possible. I volunteered at a summer program that was specifically created to help and preserve local turtle species, treating and tracking injured animals to ensure their survival. I’ve also participated in local songbird data collection, aiding in gathering information about migration patterns and population decline.

What I want is to be one of those veterinarians who cares for animals that don’t have anyone to care for them, or are treated like nuisances. Dogs and cats are loved and cared for, but so many city-dwelling animals are displaced or trapped or impacted negatively by humans. Working at a wildlife organization has taught me to be creative and resourceful, making the most out of the materials and equipment we had. I want to show people that even the plainest city wildlife deserves respect and help when they need it.

The VMCAS essay is one of the application components required by the Veterinary Medical College Application Service when you use their process to apply to vet schools. This essay is intended to provide admissions committees with “a clear picture of who you are and, most importantly, why you want to pursue a career in veterinary medicine.” While they may have your credentials on paper through your vet school resume , they might not have a good idea of what your personality is like, or what your goals are. Even your veterinary school letters of recommendation only represent who you are through someone else’s eyes, not your own.

Different from your vet school letter of intent , which must make a clear connection between your background, training, areas of interest, and the objectives and mission of your chosen veterinary school program, the VMCAS essay is more personal. It’s your chance to show the admissions committee why you love veterinary medicine and why you think you will make a good veterinarian.

Requirements

The VMCAS essay or vet school personal statement can be a maximum of 3,000 characters (including spaces). This comes out to about one page of writing. It’s important to make sure your essay falls within the character count and contains all the listed requirements .

Note that the application site doesn’t have spell-check, and you can’t edit your work once you’ve submitted it. Making sure your punctuation and spelling is correct is the most basic way to show you’ve paid attention to the details in your essay. If you aren’t sure about a word or grammar choice, look it up so you know you’ve used it properly.

For help writing your essay, you could consider medical school personal statement editing services, which can easily be modified by an advisor to suit veterinary school requirements. Engaging an expert, such as those at BeMo Academic Consulting, is well worth it to improve your application documents and stand out from the crowd.

Is the VMCAS Essay Important?

The personal essay might not seem as formal or intensive as other parts of your application, but it’s still very important and can help or hurt your chances of being accepted into a program. A great essay showcases your personality traits, your sense of responsibility, as well as your motivations for going into veterinary medicine. A middling essay may be acceptable but fail to separate you from the pack, while a poor essay can show a want of attention to detail. One of the easiest ways to figure out what should be in yours is to look up VMCAS essay examples and see what you should aim for.

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What Should I Include in My Essay?

You may immediately think of a hundred things you want to tell the admissions committee, from your first pet hamster to your experience as an intern at the city zoo. However, keep in mind that you only have about 500 words, and you need to make them count. Here are some ideas of what you’ll want to include in your VMCAS essay.

Career goals. Where do you ultimately want to be, and what is your dream job? Don’t just list a title – explain what appeals to you about it, or why you want this specific position over any others.
What you want to contribute. You don’t need to make up a grand, world-altering contribution here, unless that is what you sincerely want to do. Your goal can be to simply bring joy and comfort to families by taking care of their pets. It can also be to make significant advancements to the field of veterinary science. Make sure you’re authentic.
Characteristics that make you a good vet. Yes, you need good marks to get into vet school, but the admissions committee also wants to know that you have the right personality traits. For example, you may be a very motivated self-learner. This is a great attribute to have, but you need to highlight how being an excellent self-learner would help you in vet school and ultimately, as a vet.
Always give examples. Remember that the committee doesn’t know you, so they will be wary of applicants who make claims without backing them up. It’s important to give examples so that the committee can see how you’ve used your skills and individual attributes in real-life situations: “show, don’t tell.” If you write that you’re an empathetic and caring person, write about a time when you demonstrated that empathy. This shows that you aren’t just listing what you think they want to hear.
Set yourself apart. Any special experiences, personal revelations, or big life events that affected your desire to be in veterinary medicine are worth noting. You have a limited amount of space, so stick to the most important ones. These unique experiences are what will help the admissions committee remember you and set you apart from the crowd.

With only 500 or so words to make your case, what you don’t include can be just as vital as what you do include. The admissions committee likely doesn’t want an entire essay on your childhood pet, so be careful about getting stuck on one aspect. In fact, the VMCAS guide explains that while many applicants “have had meaningful experiences with animals or veterinarians as children … these should only be mentioned briefly.”

Here are some other things you’ll want to make sure you avoid when writing your VMCAS essay.

Information they already have. At this point, the admissions committee already knows about your academic achievements. They may be familiar with the jobs you’ve had, based on your letter of intent or high school resume . They may have a list of any vet school extracurriculars in which you participated. In your essay, don’t repeat what they already know. Instead, tell them something they don’t have on paper, expand on one or two of those experiences, or explain how an event impacted your motivation to go into veterinary medicine.
Vague, generalized information. Telling them that “you’ve always liked animals” is nice, but vague, and likely a trait that many applicants share. Make it more specific: What is it that draws you to animals? When, exactly, did you start taking a special interest in animals?
Jargon, unless it’s necessary. The admissions committee is unfortunately not going to be impressed if you throw terms around or use 5-syllable words in every sentence. You aren’t a vet yet, and one of the more embarrassing things you can do is attempt to use a term and use it wrong. Stick with language that is used in everyday conversation.
Make unnecessary explanations. The members of the admissions committee don’t need you to explain the process of getting into vet school or how medical procedures work. Explain something if it is very specific to you, like the type of club you were in at school, or an event that occurred in your year of study. Giving an example is a better way of showing the committee what you mean, instead of getting bogged down in explanations.
Irrelevant things. If the event isn’t relevant to why you want to be a vet or what you are looking for in a school/program, you probably don’t need to write it here. Take note of the various parts of the application process that would allow you to go into more detail. For example, should you be invited to answer vet school interview questions , you will have such an opportunity. The “tell me about yourself” vet school interview question would be the perfect moment to discuss your personal background further. It’s a good idea to go back and examine each piece of information you’ve provided in your essay and make sure it ties into the main topic: why you want to have a career in veterinary medicine.

Language and Tone

Ideally, the tone in which you write your VMCAS essay is similar to the way you would talk with someone in person. Keep your word choice conversational. Writing in a way that is overly formal doesn’t give the admissions committee members a clear sense of your own voice, and doesn’t humanize you. You’re writing your story, so it helps to read the essay aloud and see if it sounds like an accurate representation of yourself. Having a friend or family member read it can also be beneficial.

Admission to vet school is challenging, as shown by veterinary school acceptance rates ; some schools are more difficult to get into than others. Applying is a long process with a lot of pieces to consider. Your VMCAS essay is perhaps one of the least restrictive parts, where you’re given the freedom to tell the admissions committee why you’re there and what you want to do. Being authentic and specific is your best approach to being accepted into the school of your choice.

It won’t make as much of an impact as your grades or your resume, but it can make you more memorable and more likeable to the committee members. An average essay likely won’t hurt you too much, but a bad one can.

The American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges is a good place to start. There you’ll find all the pieces you’ll need to submit for the application as well as contacts if you need more help. You can also have a look at our list of the best vet schools, along with tips for getting in.

A letter of intent shows how serious you are about your application and emphasizes what sort of experience and education you have related to veterinary medicine. The personal essay is more about your personality, motivation, and goals.

You don’t need to list everything you’ve ever done that is related to the field. That is already outlined in other parts of the application. Highlight the personal impact certain experiences have had on you – be specific about how they made you feel, how they changed your perspective, and how they moved you in the direction of veterinary studies.

Admissions committee members aren’t expecting fine literature when you submit your personal essay. They know that not all candidates are natural writers. What they’re interested in is your ability to express yourself in a short piece of writing. Don’t worry about using fancy terms – write in a way that sounds natural and authentic to you.

The committee will want to know about your experiences if they’re specific to you and have impacted you in a tangible way. You don’t have to tell them about every interaction you’ve had with animals, just the ones that were special to you.

Use the language you would use in a normal conversation in your essay. Very few people speak in a formal tone, and it can end up sounding stilted and unnatural. Be expressive but stick to the requirements.

There is no editing once your VMCAS essay has been submitted. However, if there is a serious mistake in the essay, you can contact the admissions committee and forward them a corrected copy as soon as possible.

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Vet school personal statement: how to write + examples.

Reviewed by:

Jonathan Preminger

Former Admissions Committee Member, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine

Reviewed: 4/26/24

Writing your personal statement for vet school is no easy feat, but we’ve got you covered! Follow along for expert tips and successful examples of vet school personal statements.

When it comes to your vet school application, one of the main requirements is your personal statement, which can hold a lot of weight. This essay is your first opportunity to demonstrate your personality and why you would be an excellent candidate beyond your grades.

For some, an excellent personal statement can even help make up for low grades or test scores, so it’s important to get it right.

Luckily, we’ve compiled our best tips and successful vet school personal statement examples to help you through the process. We’ll review tips from our experts on how to write a stand-out essay, examine each of our essay samples, and explain what made them successful.

If you’re currently applying for vet school and are looking for assistance on any part of the application process, don’t hesitate to reach out to one of our experienced admissions advisors at any time. We know how hard it is to get into vet school ; we can help!

Let’s get started!

Get The Ultimate Guide on Writing an Unforgettable Personal Statement

How to Write a Personal Statement for Vet School

Here are some of our top tips when writing a personal statement for vet school.

Write Now, Edit Later

In most writing scenarios, getting started is the hardest part. The best way to relieve that stress is to start writing and keep going. It doesn’t have to be perfect; it can be longer or shorter than the word count initially. The purpose of this method is to pull out all the information and review it later on.

Try writing out your entire story, front to back, of how you grew up and developed an interest in vet school . Make sure to include two to three relevant work experiences.

Once you have nothing left to say, look at what you’ve written and highlight the best, most relevant parts. Then, you can begin editing backward and pull out your best ideas.

Consider Your Unique Perspective

Your story, no matter what it is, has value. Vet schools are competitive, and your admissions committee will see hundreds of applications. Finding a way to frame your unique perspective in your personal statement can help to create a memorable essay that will leave a lasting impression on readers.

Consider your hometown, culture, family, passions, etc. Some students compare their passion for learning a challenging skill like playing the piano to the commitment and dedication required for vet school.

There are no wrong answers here, as long as you can connect what makes you unique to your work experiences and why you would be an excellent vet school candidate.

Revise, Revise, Revise!

It may sound obvious, but there has never been a more important time to revise an essay repeatedly. Remember, vet school is competitive. Something as small as a spelling or grammatical error could make the difference between getting in or not.

Run your work by your teachers, family, and friends for revisions - not rewrites! Every word should sound like something you would authentically say. It would help if you had others help you edit, but ensure the paper still sounds like you.

Vet School Personal Statement Examples

Here are three excellent examples of vet school personal statements. Below you’ll find veterinary school personal statement samples and our explanations of why the essay was successful.

1. Example From the Veterinary School at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

“Living with my single mother, a nurse who often works over 60 hours a week to support my family, has taught me the value of hard work. From her, I have learned to be passionate and meticulous in all the work that I do. She instilled in me the need to constantly stay busy and involved. I thrive in an environment that challenges me and requires quick thinking. Due to the influence of my mother, I have developed a strong perseverance and sense of determination. My parents’ divorce kept me in a changing environment growing up–I had to adapt to a variety of living situations with little finances to support us. From this, I acquired the skills of being thrifty and knowing how to make sacrifices. The characteristics I have developed through my home environment growing up made me into an ideal candidate for vet school and a future veterinarian – a person who is passionate and dedicated to their work, but who also can cope with a fast-paced environment and problematic situations. For the past seven years, I have applied these qualities to volunteering and caring for animals, developing my interest in veterinary medicine further. When I was thirteen, I volunteered at Birmingham Zoo in Alabama. A large part of my role there included guest education about the animals on exhibit, usually using artifacts such as animal hides and skulls to explain various topics. I worked mainly in the lorikeet exhibit, where I stayed in the exhibit with the birds while guests walked through. My jobs were to watch over the interactions between the birds and the guests, as well as to educate the guests about the birds. From working there, I realized that I really liked getting to educate people about animals, a large portion of the job of a veterinarian. The most influential experience I’ve had on my decision to become a veterinarian was working at Elk Grove Pet Clinic. I have been a kennel attendant there since 2007, where my job is to take care of all the in-house pets, care for the boarding animals, assist in appointments, give medications, and help with the cleaning of the clinic. I have observed numerous surgeries, including routine spay and neuter surgeries, but also more unusual surgeries such as a 6 pound tumor removal from a dog and a surgery on the clinic’s ferret to remove tumors from his pancreas. I have handled and cared for not only cats and dogs, but also macaws, cockatoos, snakes, ferrets, chinchillas, and tortoises. Through working there, I had the opportunity to observe the duties of a private practice vet and see how they normally handle appointments, surgeries, and client communication in difficult situations. I have observed the doctor discussing with clients care options and the possibility of euthanasia, as well as assisted in euthanasia. I have also assisted during emergencies, such as immediate care for a dog hit by a car. Through working at Elk Grove Pet Clinic, I have seen the responsibilities of a vet in caring for an animal in appointments and emergencies, as well as the importance of educating and discussing options with the pet owners. I spent my junior year of college interning at the Champaign County Humane Society. I did an Animal Care Internship in the fall and a Medical/Lab Internship in the spring. The Medical/Lab Internship reaffirmed my decision of wanting to go to veterinary school. While interning, I was able to gain experience performing physical exams, drawing blood, giving treatments and medications, restraining animals, microchipping animals, trimming nails, and learning what signs to look for in a sick animal. I learned how to make and read an ear cytology slide, as well as how to tell if an animal has a bacterial ear infection or ear mites. The animals that I worked with were mainly cats and dogs, but also included guinea pigs, rabbits, ferrets, hamsters, chinchillas, and bearded dragons. I was able to compare the duties of a shelter veterinarian and a private practice veterinarian, which varied due to the financial constraints of a shelter and the fact that the animals in the shelter do not have owners for the veterinarian to consult with. Through my internships, I learned how much I enjoy doing physical exams, finding out what is wrong with an animal, and learning how to treat it. As a veterinarian, I would be able to apply all of these experiences by working in a science that is continually advancing, while contributing to the field through research and public education. The skills that I have developed and the knowledge I have gained through working with animals have strengthened my interest in veterinary medicine. Overall, my experiences with animals, my profound passion for science, and the characteristics I have developed through my home environment have shaped me into an excellent candidate for veterinary school.”

Why this essay works:

In this example, the student begins by connecting their passion for vet school to her childhood experiences. The applicant then lists their valuable experience to demonstrate continued investment in their chosen career path.

They conclude by summarizing their writing - mentioning their passions for animals, science, and experience, all as reasons to accept them into the program.

This essay is strong overall; however, it lacks a bit of reading flow. While it’s good to remind the admissions committee of your achievements and how they helped you grow, keep in mind that they’ve already seen these accomplishments on your CV.

Your personal statement should be focused on telling your story rather than simply listing your achievements. Still, this student wrote a successful essay.

2. Example from the University College Dublin’s Veterinary Medicine Program (Graduate)

“From an early age, it was clear to me that my career path would involve working with animals in a clinical context, as I have always had a passion for science, animal health, and welfare. My first exposure to the veterinary clinical environment was through a high school program, which provided me with the insight into how rewarding and fulfilling it was to be able to use scientific knowledge in order to diagnose, treat, prevent and ideally cure diseases. This has led me to study Biochemistry for my undergraduate degree, as I wanted to have a solid basis for a comprehensive understanding of the metabolism and function of animals in health and disease. During my postgraduate studies, I had conducted a one-year research project working with Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agents for African Trypanosomiasis, an infectious disease of wild and domestic animals and humans of sub-Saharan Africa. As African Trypanosomiasis is a zoonotic disease, this research experience had introduced me to the ‘One Health’ transdisciplinary approach and increased my awareness of the intricate relationship between human and animal health. I have developed a strong appreciation on the importance of both veterinarians and human health professionals working together in order to detect, prevent and control disease outbreaks, as well as the key role that veterinarians play in the bigger picture of society. My latest internship at a companion animal veterinary clinic has taught me the importance of high-quality animal care and optimal health maintenance by providing routine treatments and the appropriate vaccinations. I thoroughly enjoyed working in a veterinary clinical setting, from communicating with the clients to determine the animal’s medical history, aiding during the clinical examinations, using the various laboratory equipment for diagnostics, to the hands-on component of the job such as dental cleaning and assisting during surgical procedures. I want to become a veterinarian because I am dedicated to improving public health goals and outcomes by assessing, investigating and managing animal health and zoonotic disease risks. I will enjoy collaborating with other veterinarians and various health professionals, such as epidemiologists and pathologists, to understand and identify new and emerging diseases and control them, reducing the time they circulate in the animal population. Working as a public health veterinarian would also involve protecting the welfare of animals by ensuring that the standards of animal-keeping are met. This would ensure that the animals, especially livestock, would be healthy, and diseases that could have repercussions on human health will be reduced as much as possible. In this regard, I would also like to foster better collaboration with human health professionals so that future interdisciplinary public health issues can be tackled more efficiently. I believe that my educational background and experience have prepared me well for a veterinary medicine program and I would be honoured to be able to attend the University College Dublin’s Veterinary Medicine (Graduate Entry) program to pursue my career as a veterinarian.”

This applicant displays a passion for veterinary medicine through their unique initiatives and career experiences. Something unique that this student focuses on in their personal statement is how they intend to improve the world of veterinary medicine.

This is an excellent perspective to present in your personal statement! Consider the specific shortcomings you’ve noticed in veterinary medicine and how you intend to improve upon those areas. It’s not essential if you don’t have any ideas, but it looks great on an application.

3. Example from the University of Scranton

“Ever since I can remember I have always had a passion for animals. Their beauty and ability to comfort me are only outmatched by their honesty, loyalty and faithfulness. My path to realizing that my true calling lies in veterinary medicine began when I took a life biology course in high school. In this course I realized my intrigue with animals went far beyond their cute and cuddly parts. I was interested in how they worked from the inside and realized that I should be their doctor. Ever since that first high school class I have focused my educational path in pursuit of becoming a veterinarian. I have volunteered at animal shelters, worked in clinics, shadowed veterinarians and participated in basic science research. Now that I stand at the doorstep of college graduation I cannot imagine my life if I do not attend veterinary school. I shadowed my veterinarian Dr. Henry Nebzydoski and was amazed by his precision, immense knowledge and skill. I learned that in medicine many things can go wrong in a situation, but there are also many ways to solve problems. I loved being able to meet clients whose love for their pets was apparent. That love between an animal and its owner drew me further into the love of veterinary medicine. This shared compassion and love for animals helped me relate to clients. Volunteering at local shelters, I gained more perspective on a career as a veterinarian. I learned how to care for abused and homeless animals and to let go of the animals I had grown to love when it was in their best interest. While shadowing Dr. Michelle Falzone, I observed that each veterinary practice was different. Doctors bring their own personality to make each experience unique; it is never just a routine doctor's visit. I believe that I, too, will bring individuality to the field of veterinary medicine that will benefit my clients. I obtained a job at an emergency animal hospital where the number of patients and the variety of problems presented was vastly different from daytime practices. Veterinarians have to work under time constraints and I learned about the hard choices a family often makes. At first, I thought the patient-doctor bond was absent in these cases, but the doctors make sure the connection is still present by spending time talking to clients and personally calling them to disclose test results. I learn a great deal everyday at the emergency clinic, such as filling medications, diagnosing symptoms and caring for patients and animals in difficult situations. Seeing many prognoses, I learned that there is hope for even the worst one and that a doctor's optimism is important. Most importantly this experience taught me the value of communication skills in veterinary medicine. I have to explain procedures and calm down many patients in order to be able to understand the problems involved with their pets. I will never forget the first time I watched a pet euthanized. Distraught, I thought for a time I would refuse to perform euthanasia in my practice. As I took in more of the doctor-patient interactions, I realized this would not be fair. The bond between a veterinarian and a pet owner becomes very important and is needed throughout the animal's life. The doctor, who has been there throughout the good and difficult times, needs to be there for the owner and the pet when the only choice left is to end the suffering of the animal. For more than a year I have been interning at The Commonwealth Medical College. I am conducting a research study with Dr. John Arnott on the expression of connective tissue growth factor in osteoblasts. This experience provided me with new insights into the importance of the basic sciences and I have developed great respect for their study and place in clinical medicine. More than anything scientific research has taught me humility and that success requires tenacity. This experience has helped me grow as an individual and to find that I am capable of doing things I never dreamed. With my help, we are one step closer to figuring out the steps in the cellular pathway to bone growth and thus are closer to potentially identifying molecules that will enhance bone growth. Veterinary medicine is a love of the science used to care and treat animals. This coincides with the compassion for and communication with pet owners. As these animals are unable to communicate as a human might, veterinarians become dependent on the owner's ability to detect and describe problems. This challenge continues to fascinate me and I look forward to devoting my life to the field of veterinary science. Becoming a veterinarian began as a dream many years ago for me, and is now close to a reality. My dream has always been a simple one - to pursue a love I have harbored since a youth, carrying it from a fascination and love of animals, to creating a successful veterinary practice. I am ready for the next step to fulfill this dream.”

Why this essay works:

This essay is the most successful example we’ve shown due to its readability. Notice how the applicant includes descriptive language when they mention their previous experiences.

They present their personal statement as a cohesive, flowing story from when they first became interested in veterinary medicine to now. It’s simple, compelling, honest, and - perhaps most importantly - easy to read.

These examples of personal statements for vet school should guide you in the right direction when creating yours.

FAQs: Personal Statement for Vet School

Here are our answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about personal statements for vet school.

1. What Should A Vet School Personal Statement Include?

Your vet school personal statement should describe how your passion for veterinary medicine began, and two to three experiences you’ve had that demonstrate how you’ve improved upon that passion. It should flow nicely, be easy to read, and conclude by reinstating your passion for the profession and how you intend to improve the field.

2. How Long Is A Personal Statement For Vet School?

Personal statements for vet school are typically one page or 3,000 words long. However, schools will often give you specific parameters for your essay. Pay close attention to the prompts given to you throughout your application process.

3. How Do You End a Vet School Personal Statement?

There are several ways to end a vet school personal statement successfully. You should always reinstate your passion for veterinary medicine and end on a high note. Suppose you have a specific way you intend to improve veterinary medicine. In that case, the end of your personal statement is an excellent place to state your intentions.

4. What Makes a Good Personal Statement for Vet School?

A good veterinary medicine personal statement must include your passion for the field, showcases unique experiences and qualities, exhibits a strong connection to animals, and utilizes effective storytelling and structure.

It must also exhibit strong and concise writing and attention to detail. It should authentically convey your motivation and leave a lasting impression on the admissions committee.

5. How Important Are Personal Statements for Veterinary Schools?

A personal statement for veterinary school is extremely important. It provides applicants a platform to showcase their individuality, express their motivation, and demonstrate their suitability for the veterinary profession.

Personal statements offer insights into applicants' personal and professional qualities that may not be apparent from other application components.

Final Thoughts

Your vet school personal statement should be thoughtful, heartfelt, and informative. You should ensure that your story is easy to read by using descriptive language and lining up the highlights of your work experience in order.

Consider your unique perspective. Remember, these programs are competitive. Putting your unique twist on your essay will help you stand out from the pack and remain in the minds of the admissions committee.

Good luck!

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I Want to Be a Veterinarian

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Words: 594 |

Published: Mar 16, 2024

Words: 594 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

Passion for animals, education and training, impact on society.

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This comprehensive list of veterinary medicine research paper topics provides students with a wide range of subjects to explore within the field. Whether you are interested in animal behavior, infectious diseases, pharmacology, surgery, or any other aspect of veterinary medicine, there are countless opportunities for research and innovation.
PDF Preparing to Write Your Thesis
The Writing Process. Research, data collection, thinking (make the most of post-it notes) and checking deadlines/guidelines. Brainstorming, mapping out thesis. Write first piece of text. Refining sentences, word choice and re-structuring. Format, grammar, spelling. Submit for examiners to see finished piece.
How to Write Great Personal Essays for Veterinary School
7. Pick 3-5 Main Points for Each Answer. Since you only have 2,000 characters in which to write a great essay answer to each question, it can be helpful to list out your ideas and main points before you begin writing. Then you can review your ideas and pick the 3-5 strongest ideas for each answer.
Theses and Dissertations
Theses from 2017. PDF. Quantitation of anti-Pythium insidiosum antibodies before and after immunotherapy in healthy dogs, Carmen Beatriz Arsuaga. PDF. Evaluation of Broad Anti-Herpesviral Activity with α-Hydroxytropolones, Shannon David Dehghanpir. PDF.
PDF Veterinary School Personal Statements
Veterinary school admission committees generally judge a candidate's merit based upon. undergraduate grade-point averages (GPA), Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, interviews, veterinary related experiences, letters of recommendation, and the personal. statements (Roush et al., 2014).
Bristol Veterinary School
Implementation of canine quality of life assessment in veterinary practice. Author: Roberts, C., 24 Jan 2023. Supervisor: Blackwell, E. (Supervisor) & Mullan, S. (Supervisor) Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) File.
Dissertations and Theses
Dissertations and Theses @WSU. Provides full-text of WSU authored dissertations. Theses may not be entered by all schools, departments or individuals on campus. Limit by Author, Advisor, or Subject. Some may have an embargo period. Dissertations and Theses. Provides abstracts on over 2 million doctoral dissertations and master's theses, some ...
Planning and writing your dissertation literature review: a guide for
Acknowledgements. This paper evolved from an impromptu workshop run at the request of Bristol University's Veterinary Nursing & Bioveterinary Science class of 2019-2020 during the Autumn of 2019 and is based on my cumulative experience of supervising undergraduate and postgraduate veterinary and paraprofessionals undertaking their theses.
Veterinary Medicine Theses
School of Veterinary Medicine, 2022) Perets, Viktor. ; 0000-0002-7175-9626. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants, a chronic enteric disease that is a burden on the cattle industry. Having a clear picture of the genetic diversity of a pathogen provides an ...
Vet school personal statement examples
Vet Personal Statement Example #1. "Saddle up," is my favorite phrase of all time and it conveys with it a sense of adventure that few other phrases ever can. I suppose a lot of this comes from my early years where I loved cowboy stories, but it continued on through my life once I started learning about horses.
How to Write a Thesis Statement
Placement of the thesis statement. Step 1: Start with a question. Step 2: Write your initial answer. Step 3: Develop your answer. Step 4: Refine your thesis statement. Types of thesis statements. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about thesis statements.
How To Write a Vet School Personal Statement
Vet school committees will expect you to remain professional and precise in what you say with word limitations in mind. However, you should aim for a conversational, friendly tone. Your personal statement is about you, so it should give the admissions committee an insight into your personality. Try to find a happy medium where you don't sound ...
Defining the primary research question in veterinary clinical ...
The median sample size of veterinary clinical trials published between 2000 and 2012 was only 32 to 40 animals. 2,4 If a sample size calculation indicates that an unworkable (ie, very large) number of animals is needed, the primary study question should be revised. This involves repeating the steps involved in generating the original study ...
Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science
Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science . Follow. Jump to: Theses/Dissertations from 2023 PDF. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE ANALYSIS: MODELING SKELETAL INJURIES IN THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES, Grace Louise Camp. PDF. MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDIES OF HORSES, ESPECIALLY WITH REFERENCE TO AGGRECAN AND DWARFISM, John Edmund Eberth. PDF.
VMCAS Essay Examples
3.8K. 2. VMCAS essay examples are a great place to start when you're preparing to apply to veterinary school. After researching vet school rankings and looking into the best vet schools in your chosen area, you've finally decided on the schools you would like to apply to. One of the items you'll need to include in your VMCAS application is ...
PDF Thesis Veterinary Practices
1.1 Objective. The objective of this study is to present a whole business system financial analysis of veterinary practices and make recommendations that will increase short and long-term value and returns to the practice. These recommendations will inform veterinarians on financial analysis. 3.
How to Write a Vet School Personal Statement
1. Example From the Veterinary School at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. "Living with my single mother, a nurse who often works over 60 hours a week to support my family, has taught me the value of hard work. From her, I have learned to be passionate and meticulous in all the work that I do.
PDF University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine
Here are some tips to help you make your essays the best possible representation of you as a qualified applicant to the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine: Start writing early. Give yourself time to think about what you want to write. Spend a few days away from it and read it again. Allow yourself the opportunity to think of ...
Theses
Graduate research students enrolled from January 2007 have been required to submit a digital copy of a completed higher degree thesis into Minerva Access, the University of Melbourne Institutional Repository. You can browse Minerva Access by communities e.g. veterinary science, authors, titles, subjects, publication types or issue date.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Natural Compounds/Products and Livestock Productivity: Enhancing Antioxidant Levels, Gut Health, Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Disease Control. Moyosore Joseph Adegbeye. Valiollah Palangi. Sadarman Sadarman. Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem. 129 views. Submission open.
I Want to Be A Veterinarian: [Essay Example], 594 words
I Want to Be a Veterinarian. From a young age, I have always had a deep love and respect for animals. Whether it was caring for my family's pets or volunteering at local animal shelters, my passion for animals has always been a significant part of my life. As I have grown older, this passion has evolved into a desire to pursue a career as a ...
List of Research Topics of P.G. Theses
List of Research Topics of P.G. Theses. Sr. No. TITLE OF THESIS. NAME OF RESEARCH SCHOLAR. NAME OF GUIDE. YEAR OF AWARD. 1. A study of the incidence of nutritional anemia in dogs ofBombay. Dr.N.S.Deshmukh.

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How to Write Great Personal Essays for Veterinary School

1. Read the Requirements and Stick to Them!

2. Don’t Try to Re-List Your Experience and Achievements

3. Don’t Be Vague

4. Avoid the Cliches

5. Match Your Future Goals with Your Experience

6. Set a Confident and Positive Tone

7. Pick 3-5 Main Points for Each Answer

8. Write Your Essay Answers without Focusing on the Character Count

9. Proofread, Proofread, Proofread!

Time to Get Writing

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Author Corner

Bristol Veterinary School

Student theses

Search results

Affect and Decision Making: Disentangling Underlying Processes

A genetic and tissue-engineering approach to improving canine olfactory ensheathing cell transplant for spinal cord injury

A mouse model of haemoplasma infection, in vitro cultivation of haemoplasmas and steps towards better diagnosis of and vaccination against haemoplasmosis

An assessment of non-antibiotic approaches to mastitis control in the dry period and their impact on intramammary infection dynamics

An epidemiological investigation of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. as infectious agents causing abortion in dairy cattle in Uruguay

Animal Welfare Aspects of Mechanical Stunning and Killing of Neonate Farm Animals and Mechanical Stunning of Adult Cattle

An investigation into restricted grazing techniques in the UK and their impact on equine welfare

An investigation of the relationship between carriage of Leptospira and kidney disease in cats

A participatory, farmer-led approach to changing practice around antimicrobial use on UK dairy farms

A prospective cohort study of foot temperature and claw horn disruption lesions in non-lame dairy cows.

A quasi-experimental study of the Flipped Classroom Method in a Hong Kong Associate Degree of Nursing Studies setting

Assessing and understanding Chinese high school students' scientific argumentation competence

Assessing changes in serum IgG subclass antibodies in horses following a Phase I clinical trial of Antigen Specific Oral Immunotherapy of Culicoides spp. salivary gland proteins.

A study of leadership in Hong Kong self-financing Higher Education

Barriers to population level AMR research in UK livestock and opportunities for data science

Behavioural indicators of candidate enrichments for kennel housed dogs

Biomechanics of the cervical spine

Carriage of Bacterial Pathogens in the Bovine Upper Respiratory Tract: Effects of Respiratory Virus Vaccination

Characterisation of the porcine pathogen Trypanosoma ( Pycnomonas ) suis

Clinical Trial: Investigating the efficacy of behavioural treatment and indicators of emotional state in the fearful domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

Cognition and motivation in rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders

Cognitive bias as an indicator of emotional states in animals

Data-driven housing designs to improve bone health and welfare in laying hens

Developing measures for pain assessment in dairy calves

Developing the pillars for a canine disease surveillance and outbreak response framework in the UK

Developmental and other predisposing factors contributing to behavioural disorders related to fear and anxiety in the domestic dog

Does natural foraging niche influence captive animal health and welfare?

Echocardiographic studies in the horse.

Epidemiological and biomechanical studies into the role of biotin supplementation on lameness in dairy cows.

Establishing a Reverse Genetic System for Type 1 Feline Coronavirus

Evaluation and prediction of agonistic behaviour in the domestic dog

Experimental Improvements in Pullet Rearing

Exploring social dynamics in cattle using a social networks approach

Factors affecting Salmonella invasion of epithelial cells

Health, Behaviour and Individual Differences of Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.) in Rehabilitation for Reintroduction

Helminth parasites of pigs and humans in North Central Nigeria, with a particular focus on Taenia solium

Identification of stimuli and challenges to improve the environment of captive kea

Identifying constraints to health and production in the UK dairy goat industry : Subtheme; Colostrum

Impact of biostimulants on forage and silage quality of maize and ryegrass