thesis statement public vs private school

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Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Comparing public and private schools.

School of Teacher Education

Emily Scheper , Western Kentucky University Follow

Document Type

School is an experience shared by most Americans, but each individual’s experience with school is very different. Many people assume that the biggest determinant of an individual’s success in life stems from choosing the right school. Many parents take this choice very seriously, trying to determine the best environment for their child. In most cases, the choice is between a public/city school and a private/religious school that charges tuition. The question is, though, why do parents decide to spend extra money to send their children to a private school when the same education is offered for free at any local school? Society tends to place private schooling on a higher pedestal, saying it is the better choice for any child. Are these assumptions of society entirely true? In this paper, I attempt to determine the major factors surrounding the decision of schooling. Through scholarly sources and personal opinions, my writing should be a helpful guide to parents.

Advisor(s) or Committee Chair

Dr. Alison Langdon

• Disciplines

Recommended Citation

Scheper, Emily, "Comparing Public and Private Schools" (2013). Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 437. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses/437

Since February 06, 2014

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Private vs. Public Schools: A Comprehensive Guide for Parents

Private vs. public schools is a topic that has been debated for decades. While both types of schools have their advantages and disadvantages, parents need to know what sets them apart to make an informed decision about their child’s education.

One of the most significant differences between private and public schools is funding. Public schools are funded by the government, while private schools rely on tuition fees and donations. This difference in funding often translates to a disparity in resources and facilities. Private schools tend to have smaller class sizes, more extracurricular activities, and better technology, while public schools often struggle with overcrowding and outdated equipment.

Another factor to consider is the curriculum. Private schools have more flexibility in designing their curriculum and can often offer specialized programs, such as language immersion or STEM-focused courses. Public schools, on the other hand, must follow state-mandated standards and may not have the same level of flexibility. However, public schools are required to provide education to all students, regardless of their abilities or backgrounds, while private schools can be selective in their admissions process.

Understanding Public and Private Schools

When it comes to choosing the right school for your child, parents often face the decision between a public or private education. Understanding the differences between these two types of schools can help parents make an informed decision.

Public Schools

Public schools are funded by the government and are free to attend for all students. They are required to follow state and federal education standards, and their curriculum is often designed to meet the needs of a diverse student population. Public schools are typically larger than private schools and offer a wider range of extracurricular activities and resources.

One of the main advantages of public schools is their affordability. They are free to attend, and many offer free or reduced-price lunch programs for students in need. Public schools are also required to provide special education services for students with disabilities.

However, public schools may have larger class sizes and less individualized attention for students. They may also have fewer resources for students who need extra help, such as tutoring or counseling.

Private Schools

Private schools are funded by tuition and private donations, and they are not required to follow state or federal education standards. They often have smaller class sizes and more individualized attention for students. Private schools may also offer a more specialized curriculum, such as Montessori or Waldorf education.

One of the main advantages of private schools is their flexibility. They have more autonomy over their curriculum and teaching methods, and they can often provide a more tailored education for each student. Private schools may also have more resources for extracurricular activities, such as sports teams and music programs.

However, private schools can be expensive and may not be affordable for all families. They may also have limited resources for students with disabilities or special needs.

Overall, choosing between a public or private school depends on the individual needs and preferences of each family. It is important to research and visit different schools to find the best fit for your child.

Curriculum Differences

One of the most significant differences between private and public schools is the curriculum. Private schools are not bound by state standards, so they have more flexibility in what they teach. They can create their own curriculum or choose from a variety of options.

In contrast, public schools must follow state standards, which means they have less flexibility in their curriculum. However, this also means that students in public schools are guaranteed to learn the same material as their peers across the state.

Private schools often have a more rigorous curriculum than public schools. They may offer more advanced placement courses, international baccalaureate programs, and gifted studies classes. These courses can provide students with a more challenging academic experience and better prepare them for college.

Public schools also offer advanced placement courses, international baccalaureate programs, and gifted studies classes, but they may not have as many options as private schools. Additionally, public schools may not have the resources to offer these programs in all of their schools.

It’s important for parents to consider the curriculum when choosing between private and public schools. If a parent wants their child to have access to a more rigorous academic program, a private school may be the better option. However, if a parent wants their child to learn the same material as their peers across the state, a public school may be the better option.

Cost and Funding

One of the most significant factors that parents consider when choosing between private and public schools is the cost. Private schools often have higher tuition fees, while public schools are funded by the government and don’t charge tuition fees. However, the cost of attending a public school is not entirely free, as parents may still need to pay for various expenses.

Private School Costs

Private schools generally have higher tuition fees than public schools. The cost of attending a private school varies depending on the school’s location, size, and reputation. In addition to tuition fees, private schools may charge other expenses, such as:

• Application fees
• Enrollment fees
• Transportation
• Extracurricular activities

Private schools often offer financial aid or scholarships to students who demonstrate academic excellence or financial need. Parents should research the financial aid options available at the private schools they are considering.

Public School Costs

Public schools are funded by the government and do not charge tuition fees. However, parents may still need to pay for various expenses, such as:

• School supplies
• Field trips

In some cases, public schools may ask parents to contribute financially to support the school’s programs and activities. These contributions are usually voluntary, but they can be significant, especially for schools in low-income areas.

Funding and Budget

Public schools are funded by the government, which means that their budget is determined by the state or local government. The funding for public schools is based on various factors, such as the number of students enrolled, the school’s location, and the school’s performance.

Private schools, on the other hand, rely on tuition fees and donations from individuals, corporations, and foundations. Private schools are not required to disclose their finances, which can make it difficult for parents to assess the school’s financial stability.

Parents may be eligible for tax breaks for education-related expenses, such as tuition fees, textbooks, and supplies. The tax rules for education-related expenses vary depending on the state and the type of school.

In conclusion, the cost and funding of private and public schools are essential factors that parents need to consider when choosing a school for their children. While private schools may have higher tuition fees, they often offer financial aid and scholarships. Public schools, on the other hand, are funded by the government and do not charge tuition fees, but parents may still need to pay for various expenses.

Class Size and Student-to-Teacher Ratio

One of the most significant differences between public and private schools is the class size and student-to-teacher ratio. Here’s what parents need to know about these factors when choosing between the two options:

Public schools generally have larger class sizes than private schools. In urban public schools, the class size can be as large as 25-30 students or more. On the other hand, private schools tend to have smaller class sizes, typically ranging from 10-15 students.

Smaller class sizes can offer several advantages, including:

• More individual attention from teachers
• More opportunities for students to participate in class discussions and activities
• Reduced distractions and better classroom management

However, smaller class sizes can also come with some drawbacks, such as:

• Limited diversity in the classroom
• Fewer resources and less funding for extracurricular activities

Student-to-Teacher Ratio

The student-to-teacher ratio is NOT the same as the average classroom size, as the ratio often includes teachers who are not responsible for a specific class. In public schools, the student-to-teacher ratio is typically higher than in private schools, with ratios ranging from 15:1 to 25:1 or more. In private schools, the ratio is generally lower, with ratios ranging from 5:1 to 15:1.

A lower student-to-teacher ratio can offer several benefits, such as:

• More opportunities for personalized learning
• Better classroom management and reduced behavior problems

However, a lower ratio can also come with some drawbacks, such as:

• Higher costs for private schools

Overall, parents should consider both class size and student-to-teacher ratio when choosing between private and public schools. While smaller class sizes and lower student-to-teacher ratios can offer some advantages, they may not be the most important factors for every family.

Academic Performance

When it comes to academic performance, both private and public schools have their strengths and weaknesses. The available data suggests that private schools generally perform better than public schools in terms of ACT and test scores. However, this does not necessarily mean that private schools are always the better choice for parents.

According to a study conducted by the DC Committee on Public Education, building conditions and parental involvement can have a significant impact on student achievement in public schools. Similarly, parental involvement has been found to be a key factor in the academic success of students in Cambodia.

It is also worth noting that the demographic characteristics of home school students in 1998 showed that they performed better than their public and private school peers. However, it is important to keep in mind that this group of home school parents had more formal education than parents of public or private school students.

In terms of specific subjects, private schools are known to excel in reading and mathematics. This is likely due to the fact that private schools can specialize in creating schools that focus on these subjects. However, public schools often have more resources available to them, which can lead to better outcomes in other subjects.

Overall, when it comes to academic performance, parents should carefully consider the specific strengths and weaknesses of both private and public schools before making a decision.

Teacher Qualifications

When it comes to choosing between private and public schools, parents often consider teacher qualifications as a significant factor. Private schools are known for having highly qualified teachers, while public schools may have a mix of qualified and less experienced teachers.

Teacher training and professional development are crucial for ensuring that teachers have the skills and knowledge necessary to provide high-quality education to their students. Private schools often invest more in teacher training and professional development than public schools.

Salaries are also an essential factor in attracting and retaining highly qualified teachers. Private schools generally offer higher salaries than public schools, which can attract and retain highly qualified teachers.

However, it’s important to note that not all private schools have highly qualified teachers, and not all public schools have less experienced teachers. It’s essential for parents to research and evaluate individual schools and their teachers before making a decision.

In summary, teacher qualifications are an important factor to consider when choosing between private and public schools. Private schools often have highly qualified teachers due to their investment in teacher training and professional development, as well as offering higher salaries. However, it’s important to research and evaluate individual schools and their teachers before making a decision.

Enrollment and Diversity

When it comes to choosing between private and public schools, one of the factors that parents often consider is enrollment and diversity. Private schools tend to have lower enrollment numbers than public schools, which can result in smaller class sizes and more individualized attention for students. Public schools, on the other hand, may have larger enrollment numbers but also tend to be more diverse.

According to a study on middle-class parents in a segregated urban public school district, parents often consider diversity when choosing a school for their child. This study found that parents valued the diversity of their child’s school, as it exposed their child to different cultures and perspectives. Private schools may not offer the same level of diversity as public schools, as they may have more homogeneous student populations.

When it comes to racial diversity, public schools tend to be more diverse than private schools. A study on charter schools in Indianapolis found that charter schools had less racial diversity than traditional public schools. This is important to consider, as exposure to diverse cultures and perspectives can help prepare students for the real world.

It’s also important to consider socio-economic diversity when choosing a school. Public schools tend to enroll students from a wider range of socio-economic backgrounds than private schools. This can be beneficial for students, as they are exposed to different life experiences and perspectives.

In summary, enrollment and diversity are important factors to consider when choosing between private and public schools. Public schools tend to be more diverse than private schools, which can provide students with exposure to different cultures and perspectives. Additionally, public schools tend to enroll students from a wider range of socio-economic backgrounds, which can also be beneficial for students.

Special Programs and Extracurricular Activities

When it comes to special programs and extracurricular activities, private and public schools both offer a range of options for students. However, the types of programs and activities offered can vary depending on the school.

Private schools often have more resources to offer specialized programs in areas such as arts, music, and theater. These programs may include private lessons, master classes, and performances that are not available in public schools. Private schools also tend to have smaller class sizes, which can allow for more personalized attention and support for students in these programs.

Public schools, on the other hand, often have a wider range of extracurricular offerings, such as sports teams, clubs, and community service programs. These activities can provide students with opportunities to develop leadership skills, explore new interests, and build relationships with peers.

It is important for parents to consider their child’s interests and goals when choosing between private and public schools. If a child is particularly interested in a specialized area such as music or theater, a private school may be the best option. However, if a child is interested in a wide range of activities, a public school may provide more opportunities for exploration and growth.

Regardless of the type of school, parents should also consider the cost and time commitment of special programs and extracurricular activities. Private schools may require additional fees for these programs, while public schools may have limited resources and require more parent involvement to support these activities.

School Types and Choices

When it comes to selecting a school for your child, there are several options available. The most common types of schools are traditional public schools, charter schools, independent schools, public charter schools, Catholic schools, and other religiously affiliated schools. Parents can also choose to enroll their children in boarding schools.

Traditional public schools are funded by the government and are open to all students in the district. Charter schools are public schools that operate independently and have more flexibility in their curriculum and teaching methods. Public charter schools are similar to charter schools, but they are subject to more regulations and oversight.

Independent schools are privately funded and are not associated with any religious or government organizations. Catholic schools are privately funded and affiliated with the Catholic Church. Other religiously affiliated schools are affiliated with other religious organizations.

Boarding schools are schools where students live on campus and attend classes. They are usually private schools and can be either single-sex or coeducational.

When choosing a school, parents should consider their child’s needs and interests, as well as the school’s academic programs, extracurricular activities, and location. It is important to visit schools, talk to teachers and administrators, and ask questions to make an informed decision.

School choice is a hotly debated topic, with proponents arguing that it gives parents more control over their child’s education, while opponents argue that it can lead to increased inequality and segregation. Ultimately, the decision of whether to enroll your child in a private or public school is a personal one that should be based on your child’s needs and your family’s values.

Community and Environment

When it comes to choosing between private and public schools, the community and environment are important factors that parents consider. Both types of schools can offer unique experiences and benefits.

Private schools often have a smaller student-to-teacher ratio, which can provide a more personalized learning experience. Additionally, private schools may have a more rigorous academic curriculum and offer more extracurricular activities. However, private schools can also have a more competitive peer environment, which may not be suitable for all students.

On the other hand, public schools are often larger and have a more diverse student population. This can provide a more inclusive and multicultural environment, which can be beneficial for students’ personal growth and development. Public schools also have a wider range of resources and programs, including special education services and advanced placement courses.

When it comes to the community, private schools may have a more tight-knit and supportive community, as parents are often more involved in their children’s education. Public schools, however, may have a stronger connection to the local community, as they are often a hub for community events and activities.

Ultimately, the decision between private and public schools depends on the individual needs and preferences of each family. It is important to consider the environment and community of each school, as well as the location and locale, when making this important decision.

Religion in Schools

When it comes to choosing between public and private schools, parents may consider the role of religion in their child’s education. Here’s what you need to know:

Public schools in the United States are required by the Constitution to be secular and not promote any particular religion. However, religion can still be a part of the curriculum in the form of religious studies or comparative religion courses. Students are allowed to express their religious beliefs, but school officials cannot endorse or promote any particular faith.

Private schools, on the other hand, can be religious or secular. Religious private schools often have a specific faith-based curriculum and may require students to participate in religious activities. Secular private schools may still incorporate religion into the curriculum but typically do not have a specific faith-based focus.

Parental Choice

Parents have the right to choose a school that aligns with their religious beliefs. However, it’s important to note that public schools cannot require students to participate in religious activities or promote any particular faith. Private schools, on the other hand, can require students to participate in religious activities and may have specific faith-based requirements.

When it comes to religion in schools, parents should consider their own beliefs and values when choosing between public and private schools. Public schools are required to be secular, while private schools can be religious or secular. Ultimately, the decision should be based on what will best serve the needs and beliefs of the child and family.

Special Education Services

When it comes to special education services, both private and public schools are required to provide them under federal law. However, there are some differences in how they are implemented.

Public schools are required to provide a free and appropriate education (FAPE) to all students, including those with disabilities. This means that they must provide special education services to students who need them, at no cost to the parents. Public schools also have a legal obligation to identify students who may need special education services and to evaluate them to determine their eligibility.

Private schools, on the other hand, are not required to provide special education services in the same way as public schools. They may choose to provide them, but they are not obligated to do so. If a private school does provide special education services, they may charge parents for them.

Another difference between public and private schools is the range of services they offer. Public schools typically have a wider range of services available to students with disabilities, such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, and counseling. Private schools may not have the resources to offer these services, or they may offer them at an additional cost.

Parents of children with disabilities should carefully consider their options when choosing between private and public schools. While private schools may offer some advantages, such as smaller class sizes and more individual attention, they may not provide the same level of support for students with disabilities as public schools. It is important to research both options thoroughly and to consult with professionals in the field of special education before making a decision.

Research and Statistics

When it comes to choosing between private and public schools, parents often rely on research and statistics to make an informed decision. Here are some key findings from various sources:

• According to the National Center for Education Statistics, as of the 2018-2019 school year, there were approximately 5.7 million students enrolled in private schools in the United States, which accounted for about 10% of all K-12 students. The majority of private schools are religiously affiliated.
• A study conducted by the Brookings Institution found that private school students tend to score higher on standardized tests than their public school counterparts. However, the study also noted that these differences in test scores could be attributed to factors such as family income and parental education level.
• The National Association of Independent Schools reports that private school students are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college than public school students. Private schools also tend to have smaller class sizes and more individualized attention for students.
• On the other hand, public schools are often more diverse and offer a wider range of extracurricular activities and programs. They also tend to have more resources and funding than private schools.

It’s important to note that these findings are not definitive and that every school, both private and public, is unique. Parents should consider their individual child’s needs and preferences when making a decision about which type of school to choose.

Geographical Considerations

When it comes to choosing between private and public schools, geographical considerations can play a huge role in parents’ decision-making process. In some cases, parents may be limited by their location and have to choose between the schools that are available in their area. In other cases, parents may be willing to commute or even relocate in order to find the right school for their child.

One important factor to consider is the quality of the local public schools. In some areas, public schools may have a great reputation and offer excellent programs and resources. In other areas, however, public schools may be struggling and may not provide the same level of education as private schools. For example, in Connecticut, there are many excellent public schools, but there are also some areas where the public schools are underfunded and understaffed.

Another consideration is the cost of private schools. Private schools can be expensive, and parents may need to factor in the cost of transportation if the school is not located nearby. In California, private school tuition can range from a few thousand dollars to tens of thousands of dollars per year, depending on the school and the grade level.

Parents may also want to consider the culture and values of the schools in their area. Private schools may have a specific religious or cultural focus, which may or may not align with a family’s beliefs. Public schools, on the other hand, may have a more diverse student body and may offer a wider range of programs and extracurricular activities.

Ultimately, the decision between private and public schools will depend on a variety of factors, including the family’s budget, the quality of the local public schools, and the cultural and educational values of the family. Parents should carefully consider all of these factors before making a decision that will have a significant impact on their child’s education.

Challenges and Equity

Parents face a range of challenges when choosing between private and public schools. While private schools often offer a higher quality of education, they can also be expensive and exclusive. Public schools, on the other hand, are more affordable and accessible, but may not provide the same level of resources and attention to students.

One of the main challenges with public schools is ensuring equity in education. Despite efforts to provide equal opportunities for all students, there are still significant disparities in academic achievement between different groups. This can be due to factors such as socio-economic status, race, and language barriers.

Accreditation is another important factor to consider when choosing between private and public schools. Accreditation ensures that a school meets certain standards of quality and provides a rigorous curriculum. Private schools may not be accredited, but they often have their own standards of excellence that they adhere to.

To address equity issues in public schools, it is important for parents to be involved in their child’s education and advocate for their needs. This can include participating in parent-teacher conferences, volunteering at the school, and supporting programs that promote diversity and inclusivity.

Overall, parents should carefully consider the challenges and equity issues when choosing between private and public schools. While private schools may offer certain advantages, public schools can provide a more diverse and inclusive learning environment.

Interviews and School Visits

When it comes to choosing between private and public schools, it is essential to conduct interviews and school visits to make an informed decision. Interviews with school administrators, teachers, and current students can provide valuable insights into the school’s culture, curriculum, and teaching style.

During school visits, parents can observe the school’s facilities, classrooms, and extracurricular activities. They can also get a sense of the school’s overall environment and its ability to meet their child’s needs.

It is recommended that parents prepare a list of questions to ask during the interview and school visit. Some examples of questions to ask include:

• What is the school’s educational philosophy?
• What is the student-to-teacher ratio?
• What extracurricular activities are available?
• What is the school’s approach to discipline?
• What is the school’s policy on homework?
• What is the school’s approach to technology in the classroom?
• How does the school handle students with special needs?

Parents should also take note of the school’s location, transportation options, and tuition fees. It is essential to consider these factors when making a decision about private vs. public schools.

Overall, interviews and school visits are crucial steps in the decision-making process for parents choosing between private and public schools. By asking the right questions and observing the school’s environment, parents can make an informed decision that meets their child’s educational needs.

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Public vs. private: Which is right for your child?

The benefits of public schools

The advantages of private schools.

When you were old enough to begin kindergarten, chances are you went to the public school around the corner, or perhaps to the religious school a short bus ride away. For your parents, the choice of schools was probably pretty simple.

Not any more. Today education is a complex and compelling topic in our national dialogue. Questions about school quality, accountability, curriculum, and teacher training arise each day, and we explore them in the newspapers, during political debates, and over kitchen tables all across the country.

What this means for you, as you try to decide on the best school for your child, is that you have to do your homework. Choosing a school for your child is one of the most important decisions you will make. To do a good job, you have to educate yourself so you can be a savvy consumer. That means researching, networking, and making sure that you understand all the choices available to you and your child.

Even the distinction between public and private schools is no longer as straightforward as it once was. It may well be that your local public school is a better educational match for your child than an exclusive private school with a national reputation and a price tag to match. And although some research shows that private schools tend to have superior academic programs, this isn't always the case — and the gap may be narrowing. Despite their sometimes negative press, public schools are actually getting better. "If you want a good, general, all-around education, a really strong public school might be your best bet," says Ellen Booth Church, a New York-based consultant in early childhood education.

At the same time, however, private school may be more affordable than you ever realized, and shouldn't be ruled out on financial grounds alone.

To help you make your decision, here are some of the advantages of public and private schools.

Teachers have more qualifications. According to a major study from the National Center for Education Statistics, public school teachers tend to be more qualified than their independent school counterparts in terms of education and experience. For example, they're more likely to have a master's degree, and to have logged more hours pursuing in-service study — learning, for example, how to use computers in the classroom. The report also indicates that on average, public school teachers earn higher salaries than those in private schools do.

Students spend more time studying core subjects. The same study reports that public school students study core subjects — including English, math, social studies, and science — three more hours per week than private school students.

Public schools can sponsor more activities. When it comes to offering extra-curricular sports and clubs, academic support, and better supplies and learning tools, public schools have the edge. Why? Most public schools are simply bigger than private schools, and have enough students to pull off a science fair or power a chorus or computer club. What's more, federal and state laws require public schools to provide diagnostic and disability services. Public schools are more likely to offer gifted and talented and remedial programs, too.

The student population tends to be more diverse. A private education is usually out of reach for poorer students, which means that it's less likely to introduce your child to children of various races and socioeconomic backgrounds. If you want your child to know children from all walks of life, then a public school is for you.

Schools and classes tend to be much smaller. According to the National Center for Education Statistics study, private schools tend to be half as large as public schools. Many experts feel that children are less likely to get lost in the shuffle if they attend a smaller school, which naturally nurtures a sense of community and belonging. In addition, the teacher-student ratios in private schools tend to be more favorable, says the National Association for Independent Schools. On average, private schools have a student-teacher ratio of 9:1 as opposed to about 17:1 in public schools.

There's often less bureaucracy. Because private schools don't have to abide by certain state regulations, they spend less time on mandated paperwork and more on instruction. They also are not compelled to focus on test scores. As a result, teachers tend to enjoy more autonomy in the classroom and have more creative control over their teaching methods.

Parent involvement is strong. Not only do private schools encourage parents' participation, but it's also true that the parents of private school students tend to be extremely committed to having a say in their child's education.

Note: Private schools are not required to comply with state laws concerning special needs students. Many private schools do accommodate students with special needs, but they aren't required to by law as public schools are. If you have a special needs child, make sure that your child's physical and behavioral needs will be met.

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