March 12, 2024

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argumentative essay about raising minimum wage

No More Lies: The Truth About Raising the Minimum Wage

“I budget and budget, and I still can’t really buy no food,” explained Carolyn Allen, a 58-year-old minimum wage worker at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. She dreams of paying her medical bill and still being able to afford Pine-Sol or bleach to clean her house. Other minimum wage workers, like Laugudria Screven Jr. , resort to earning income other ways — in Screven’s case, by selling his blood plasma twice a week. The strategy leaves him feeling drowsy and weak, but allows him to afford rent and approximately one meal a day.  

The United States has a long, contentious history surrounding the minimum wage. Opponents of raising the minimum wage argue that most minimum wage workers are teens working their first jobs, that raising the minimum wage will kill businesses or jobs or that raising the minimum wage will have no effect at all on purchasing power because of the resulting increase in inflation. However, the arguments against raising the minimum wage range from disingenuous to objectively false. It’s time to raise the minimum wage.  

The “Minimum Wage” is More Minimal Today than Ever

The United States minimum wage originated with the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA), which also set overtime pay and child labor restrictions. The contemporary opposition to the FLSA foreshadowed the current arguments against raising the minimum wage. The FLSA’s opponents claimed that the president was creating a “tyrannical industrial dictatorship” and that businesses would not be able to provide any jobs if they had to cope with “everlastingly multiplying governmental mandates” and “multiplying and hampering Federal bureaucracy.” 

These doomsday predictions proved untrue: the minimum wage did indeed impact the nature and distribution of employment, but industries did not buckle. At the time, two of the most low-paying industries in the South were the textile industry and the lumber industry. Southern textile mills did see a slight decrease in employment, but northern textile mills — which had paid slightly more than the southern textile mills prior to the institution of the FLSA — saw an employment increase of approximately equal magnitude . The lumber industry in the South and throughout the U.S. saw an increase in employment after the passage of the FLSA. Notably, other independent variables shifted in both industries: the textile industry had been trending to more automation prior to the bill, while the lumber industry was trending to a more labor-heavy resource base. Overall, the minimum wage leveled no industries and granted many workers a higher wage. 

Over time, the minimum wage has slowly crept higher with increased inflation and productivity.  However, this growth has not kept pace with other market factors, eroding the real value of the minimum wage.  

Today, the real value of the minimum wage is 31 percent   less than the real (adjusted for inflation) minimum wage in 1968, and 17 percent less than the real minimum wage in 2009. If minimum wage growth had tracked the growth in workers’ productivity since 1968, the minimum wage would be $18.42 , more than double the federally mandated minimum wage. For comparison, productivity since 1973 has increased 74.4 percent , while average hourly compensation has increased just 9.2 percent . As of 2020, the federally mandated minimum wage of $7.25 for non-exempt workers is not enough to lift a family of two above the poverty line.  

The slow growth of wages in comparison to productivity is not universal: the top 1% of workers saw their wages grow 138% since 1979, while the bottom 90% saw their wages grow 15% in the same time period. In 1965, the typical CEO earned 20 times what the typical worker did, while in 2013, the typical CEO earned 296 times the typical worker’s salary.  

Increasing the Minimum Wage Would Promote Health and Well-Being

Raising the minimum wage pays social dividends that stretch beyond any debate about the discrepancies between workers’ wages and CEO’s wages.  

First, workers who are affected by a minimum wage increase see immediate and significant health benefits for themselves and for society. A study conducted in 2011 found that blue-collar workers in states with higher minimum wage rates are much less likely to have untreated medical needs, as they are better able to afford care. Particularly in a country prone to global pandemics, an individual’s health can quickly become a community’s health: workers who leave illnesses untreated put everyone around them at risk. Additionally, an increased minimum wage corresponds to a lower smoking rate . Low-income workers currently make up 75 percent of smokers, but reducing the stress of poverty allows them to quit. Other studies have found that a higher minimum wage correlates with fewer teen pregnancies and less teenage alcohol consumption .  

Second, children disproportionately benefit from increasing the minimum wage. Across the United States, 28.2% of children have a parent affected by increasing the federal minimum wage to $9.80, and even more have a parent who would be affected by a higher minimum wage hike. In 2017, a study conducted by the School of Public Policy at Georgia Institute of Technology found that a minimum wage increase of just $1 would reduce reports of child neglect by 9.6%. “Money matters,” said Lindsey Rose Bullinger , co-author of the study, “when caregivers have a more disposable income, they’re better able to provide a child’s basic needs such as clothing, food, medical care, and a safe home. Policies that increase the income of the working poor can improve children’s welfare, especially younger children, quite substantially.” Bullinger’s study did not have enough data to determine if an even higher minimum wage would result in even fewer cases of child neglect, but Bullinger noted , “our findings point in that direction.” Infants also benefit from increasing the minimum wage: the American Journal of Public Health  estimated that between 2,800 and 5,500 premature deaths in New York City alone could have been prevented if the minimum wage was $15 an hour rather than $7 an hour. That figure constitutes approximately 8.33% of all of the premature deaths in New York City.  

Opponents of raising the minimum wage frequently argue that minimum wage jobs are intended for teenagers working entry-level jobs, and that a minimum wage raise would needlessly benefit teens living at home and working for pocket money. However, this argument defies reality.  

In California, 96 percent of workers who would benefit from the proposed minimum wage increase to $15 are over the age of 20, and 58 percent are over the age of 30. These numbers hold nationwide: the average age of an impacted worker would be 35 , and 51 percent of those affected would be 30 years of age or older. Only 13 percent of those impacted would be 20 or younger. On average, these affected workers earn half of their family’s income, and the majority of them work full time .  

Historically marginalized communities are the most likely to benefit from a minimum wage hike: in California, workers earning less than $15 per hour are 55 percent Latino or Latina , while the general population of workers is only 38 percent Latino or Latina . Nationally, about 40 percent of all black workers’ wages would increase, and more than half of workers who would be affected by a minimum wage increase are women. While 19 percent of families nationwide have incomes that are less than twice the national poverty line, 50 percent of workers who would benefit from a minimum wage increase come from these families. 

Increasing the Minimum Wage Won’t Decrease Employment

Carry on a conversation about minimum wage for more than twenty minutes, and inevitably, an opponent of raising the minimum wage will inform you, often with a condescending tone, that any Econ 101 student knows that raising the minimum wage will cost jobs. Many introductory economics courses do, in fact, teach a simple theory that raising the minimum wage will reduce employment. According to this theory, as the minimum wage rises, employers will be willing to employ fewer workers, since their salaries will be more expensive.  

The argument is far too simplistic to drive real-world policy for the world’s largest economy.  The argument incorrectly assumes a fantasy textbook-“perfect” market.  A “perfect” market has many buyers and sellers, no market power, no differences between the goods sold by each firm, and perfectly even information for buyers and sellers. (In a labor market, the “buyers” are employers, and the “sellers” are employees who are selling their time and effort.) Unsurprisingly, the US labor market is not a “perfect” market, so the opponents of increasing the minimum wage unwittingly make two huge, unjustified assumptions: first, that the demand for labor is not fixed, and second, that the wage employers pay without government intervention is the equilibrium wage.  

The first assumption — that demand for labor is not fixed — describes a phenomenon known as elasticity. When a demand curve is very elastic, the buyers respond to a slight increase in the price of the good —in this case, the wage —by dramatically reducing how much of the good they consume. However, if a demand curve is very inelastic , the buyers will buy the same amount of the good with little regard to how much it costs. The demand for labor in the United States tends to be elastic if and only if: (1) the product being produced has a high price elasticity of demand, meaning that people will buy a lot less of it if it costs slightly more; (2) other factors of production can replace the labor; (3) the supply of other factors of production can be purchased or used at higher levels without their prices rising; (4) if the labor costs are a large percentage of the costs of production. While some industries fall under these categories, many do not and would therefore not be likely to see a large shift in the amount of labor demanded. 

The second assumption — that wage employers pay the equilibrium wage — ignores the existence of “labor monopsonies.” A “monopsony” is a market with only one buyer — in terms of employers, it is a market with only one (or very few) employers. In the United States, economics experts have become increasingly worried that the US market has become filled with monopsonies . Rural U.S. localities in particular often have only one or two main, large employers. These employers are free to create a “race to the bottom” on wages — since there are far more workers than jobs, the dominant employer can start a reverse bidding war among job seekers, where desperate people compete with each other for work, and accept lower and lower wages. To keep wages low and desperation for employment high, these companies can limit the number of jobs to perpetuate the competition, ensuring high profit margins for themselves. However, a fixed reasonable minimum wage prevents companies from creating this desperate downward spiral and encourages them to employ a greater number of employees. In other words, monopsonies tend to employ fewer workers and pay them less when left to their own devices than they would if they were required to pay a minimum wage. In monopsony labor markets, a minimum wage would increase employment.

Of course, our Nation is made up of diverse regions, with widely varying local economies.  Viewing the U.S. as a whole, would a minimum wage increase result in less employment, more employment or the same amount of employment? Setting aside politically-motivated soundbites and editorials, the economic consensus suggests that a modest increase in the minimum wage likely won’t reduce employment and may even increase it. Some estimates found that increased economic activity from a minimum wage increase to $9.80 hourly would generate 100,000 new jobs . Other economists found no reduction in employment. In 2010, Dube, Lester, and Reich studied the time period between 1990 and 2006 and found no evidence of any job losses due to minimum wage increases in industries identified as “high impact” (predominantly restaurants and retail jobs). In 2013, the same economists conducted a similar study focused on teens, and found no impact on their employment, either. A 2014 study by Hoffman agreed that teen employment was also not impacted . In 2014, Dube and Zipperer conducted a study using a newly created control group approach, and came to the same conclusion . In 2009, Addison, Blackburn, and Cotti conducted yet another study and concluded that if they accounted for general trends, they did not find any evidence of job loss due to the minimum wage in retail or restaurant sectors. Of course, some survey methods have found more significant job losses, so it’s worth looking at what has actually occurred in jurisdictions that did raise their minimum wage. A study conducted by professors at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Center of Wage and Employment Dynamics found that the minimum wage hikes in Chicago, Washington, Oakland, San Francisco, San Jose, and Seattle, had not caused “ significant employment losses ” but had caused “ positive and statistically significant earnings effects. ” 

Increasing the Minimum Wage Will Benefit Small Businesses

Opponents to raising the minimum wage frequently invoke small businesses, arguing that raising the minimum wage will kill the local businesses and tip the market in favor of mega-corporations. However, if that’s true, someone forgot to tell the owners of small businesses — a study conducted by the American Sustainable Business Council found that 61 percent of small business owners across the US support raising the minimum wage. In some parts of the country, the number is even higher — it reaches 67 percent in the Northeast — and the lowest support, in the South, still reaches 58 percent .  Republican pollster Frank Lutz found that 80 percent of business executives in companies of varying sizes support a minimum wage increase to some degree.  

So, why do so many businesses support increasing the minimum wage?

They know that raising the minimum wage offers business a number of benefits. First, employees who are paid a higher wage tend to be more productive due to morale improvements, better health, less absenteeism and reduced “decision fatigue.” The Center for American Progress also found that raising the minimum wage causes reduced employee turnover . Employee turnover is expensive: replacing low-wage workers costs about 16% of the employee’s annual salary.  

Second, the worker-productivity benefits center mostly around a given business and the wages it pays its customers. However, business owners also have reason to advocate for a minimum wage increase across the entire market. Consumers who suddenly earn more also spend more, driving up proceeds for businesses. This assertion makes logical sense: people living below or close to the poverty line frequently forgo products they wish they could afford, but with more income, they will likely purchase those products. In practice, past minimum wage increases have indeed resulted in a boost in consumer spending. A minimum wage increase to $5.85 per hour in 2007 generated an additional 1.7 billion dollars in consumer spending and a minimum wage increase in 2008 to $6.55 per hour generated an additional 3.1 billion dollars in consumer spending.  

Gina Schaefer, owner of a collection of small hardware stores, notes , “When the minimum wage rises, it puts money in the pockets of those who most need to spend it, from paying the rent to buying more groceries to picking up lightbulbs, tools, and paint from the local hardware store. A higher minimum wage means more money circulating in the economy. It’s a virtuous cycle: our employees shop at other businesses and their employees shop at ours.”  

Why then don’t small businesses simply increase wages on their own, without waiting for the Federal Government to intervene?  Many do, and they benefit from it. But if a Federally-mandated increase is absent, others fear they will be undercut by competition.

Minimum Wage Does Not Mean Minimum Prices

Finally, opponents of increasing the minimum wage point to their own wallets: I don’t want to pay more for goods and services, so please don’t pay employees more .

But while economists concur that raising the minimum wage will likely cause prices of some goods and services to rise —so long as the raise is moderate, it will impact prices only slightly. And certainly raising the minimum wage will not cause prices to rise so much that the minimum wage hike was “useless,” as some detractors contend.   

For example, studies conducted by economists at California State University, San Bernardino, found that prices of impacted goods and services increase only 0.36 percent for every 10 percent increase in the minimum wage. Therefore, raising the minimum wage does indeed allow low-income workers to afford a wider range of purchases, even if the prices have increased very slightly. For example, if a worker for $7.25 an hour receives a 10% pay raise to $7.98 an hour, they can expect a good that cost $7.30 before the minimum wage increase to cost just $7.32 after the minimum wage hike. Even with that slight price increase, the worker is vastly better off.  

The United States has a long history of treating the free market as holy and rebelling against any form of government intervention. However, when big businesses and their pocket politicians advocate for keeping the minimum wage below a living wage, they aren’t just swindling their workers and damaging the economy: they’re swindling you, even if you aren’t working for minimum wage. They’re creating a less healthy, less productive, less solvent population and they’re relying on social welfare programs to pay their workers for them. Small businesses don’t benefit; workers don’t benefit. It’s time to stop pretending they do, and time to get serious about raising the federal minimum wage.  

Featured Image source: WorkingNation

Published in Opinion

  • economic inequality
  • economic reform
  • minimum wage

Charlynn Teter

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To Fight Poverty, Raise the Minimum Wage? Or Abolish It?

The minimum wage has stagnated at $7.25 an hour for more than a decade. is increasing it to $15 the best way to fight poverty.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Today on The Argument, what’s the downside to paying people more? [MUSIC PLAYING] Among the most popular and blunt tools to fight poverty is a minimum wage, but it doesn’t actually do that. Because if you have a full-time job that pays the federal minimum wage of $7.25, you’re only making about $15,000 a year, not enough to rent a one-bedroom apartment in 95% of counties in the United States. Raising the federal minimum to $15 an hour is something progressives have been fighting for for years. They came close this month, but an amendment to raise the minimum wage was ultimately removed from Biden’s COVID relief bill. Is raising the minimum wage or having one at all the right way to battle poverty? I’m Jane Coaston, and I think it’s past time to raise the minimum wage. It’s not a way station for 16-year-olds. For millions of Americans, including parents with small children, it’s how they make ends meet. More people across the political spectrum are beginning to support a higher minimum wage, but it does have opposition. So I’ve invited two guests who are on different sides of the debate. Saru Jayaraman is the president of One Fair Wage and director of the Food Labor Research Center at the University of California Berkeley. Jeff Miron is the head of undergraduate and graduate economic studies at Harvard and head of economics at the Cato Institute. [MUSIC PLAYING]

Hi, Saru. Thanks so much for joining.

Thank you so much for having me.

And hey, Jeff, thanks so much for being here.

My pleasure. Thank you.

Here’s what I want to get out of this conversation. I want to have this conversation in two pieces. First, I want to talk specifically about the $15 minimum wage, hear both of your positions, and then get into what the arguments for and against a wage hike are. And then I want to zoom out and talk about raising the minimum wage as part of an overall suite of policies aimed at lifting people out of poverty. We’re going to go over some other options and talk about what’s actually being considered and what’s actually possible. So Saru, what’s your position on the $15 minimum wage?

So I think it’s important to understand the full scope of what’s being proposed. The Raise the Wage Act not only would raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour over several years, but it would also eliminate the sub-minimum wage for tipped workers, which is literally a legacy of slavery, the sub-minimum wage for workers with disabilities, which is a direct reflection of the valuation of people with disabilities, and youth. The current federal minimum wage is $7.25 for all workers and $2.13 an hour for tipped workers, and it is cents — literally less than $1 — for workers with disabilities. Our position is, of course, that that is not just low, it actually creates severe poverty, economic instability. It has created just horrific suffering during the pandemic. With — in the case of the sub-minimum wage for tipped workers, it’s also been a source of horrific sexual harassment because you have a largely female workforce living off of tips as a portion of their base wage, and that $15 is actually the minimum that’s necessary to live, particularly given that this workforce of minimum wage workers are adults. Median age is in the 30s. They have children, and they are struggling to survive, often working multiple jobs on these poverty wages. So we strongly support phasing in the raise of the minimum wage over time.

Jeff, where do you stand on this issue?

So I’m opposed to raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour. I’m, in fact, opposed to government mandating any minimum wage at all.

You wrote in 2014 that the right minimum wage is not $10.10 or $7.25. It’s zero. Why?

For a bunch of reasons. First of all, the minimum wage is trying, mainly, to tackle an issue of people having low income. But it does not address, the people with the lowest income, namely, people who don’t have jobs in the first place. It’s raising the wage of people who are already employed who may have low or very low income, but they’re not the poorest members of society. In my view, government anti-poverty efforts should be focused exactly on the people who are the worst off. Minimum wage is very poorly targeted for doing that because it starts off by only affecting people who are employed who have jobs. Secondly, it’s going to, in some instances, have a very perverse effect if you’re trying to raise the wages, even if we accept that it’s focused on a group of people that have jobs. It’s going to cause employers to lay off some people or hire fewer people or work more unpleasant hours or cut other benefits or do various things that are going to make those jobs bad for some of the people that you’re trying to help, OK? In the case where it causes employers to hire fewer people, some people go from having a low wage to having a zero wage. That seems a very crude way of trying to alleviate poverty, even if the minimum wage has only a modest effect in reducing employment. There’s a huge, long controversy in economics about that. The bulk of the evidence does suggest there is a negative effect on employment, especially if you were to double the minimum wage, as is being proposed currently. But it may have other negative effects, such as raising the prices of the goods and services that these employers provide. That also is a regressive step, not a progressive step.

I’m just going to cut you off there because I really want to put this to Saru. Last month, the Congressional Budget Office put out a report on the impact of a $15 minimum wage, and it showed that a gradual increase to a $15 minimum wage could add $54 billion to the deficit, if you’re worried about that kind of thing. I know deficit spending — we don’t talk about that anymore. It’s not a thing. I don’t even know who she is. But it could also eliminate 1.4 million jobs because, as Jeff said, that could be added prices for food. That could be added prices in a lot of spaces that low-income people and all-income people might need. What’s your response to that?

You know, the press reported on that Congressional Budget Office report in a way that, I think, caused most people not to actually read the report. The actual CBO report, what it said is that we don’t know what the impact on jobs could be. The impact on jobs could actually be anywhere from 0 to close to 3 million jobs. We have no idea. And that 1.4 million number was an intermediate between zero and close to three. In fact, we looked at the seven states that require what we call one fair wage, a full minimum wage with tips on top, including California, which has passed a $15 minimum wage and full elimination of the sub-minimum wage for tipped workers. Those seven states — and by the way, they’re not all blue states. If you look at those states that have raised the minimum wage, those seven states, in particular for the restaurant industry — we looked at from 2011 to 2016 — we saw that those states actually had higher job growth rates in the restaurant industry. They all actually have the same or higher growth rates in the restaurant industry, in terms of jobs, as the rest of the country. And so it just hasn’t borne out in the seven states that got rid of the sub-minimum wage for tipped workers. It just hasn’t borne out in the evidence. In fact, the states with the highest wages have had the highest job growth rates in the restaurant industry. So what do they do when they get a minimum wage increase? They spend it, the economy is boosted, and more jobs are created. I also want to speak to the menu price issue because we’ve also studied this a lot. Actually, we’ve compared restaurants — the same restaurants, chains — in California compared to all other states, and the menu prices are exactly the same. These are publicly-traded companies. They wouldn’t undercut themselves. They wouldn’t grow in a state like California if they weren’t profitable.

Jeff, what do you think? Because I think that issue of, if you pay people more money, they have more money, they spend more money, that makes sense to me.

My best answer is that money came from some place. But let me also take a step further back, which is if you tell employers they have to pay a higher wage for some of their employees, what are the things that could happen? They could say, OK, that’s fine. I’ll just make less profits, OK? Or they could say, I’m going to reduce that kind of employment and substitute with higher-skilled people. I could substitute machinery for some of the less-skilled labor that I was paying this lower minimum wage at. They could raise their prices. It’s unlikely that they’re just going to do nothing and absorb that profit loss. They’re going to respond in some way, shape, or form, and all of those things make those markets less efficient, OK? It means that you’re distorting the decisions about whether to use, in producing a particular good or service, low-skilled labor or to substitute with a machine. Somebody is paying for it. It’s either reduced profits — OK, but then the business owners are going to respond in ways which try to recoup that, many of which are going to make those workers worse off, or at least undo some of the benefit they got from the higher wages, such as by adjusting their hours in ways that workers don’t like, cutting benefits, and all those sorts of things. So we can’t just give people more money without saying where we’re taking it from and then what the cost of that is and what the effects of that are going to be.

I’m thinking about not necessarily minimum wage jobs, but we’ve all heard of or even had jobs where in exchange for getting paid more, there is an expectation that, like, yes, you make more money, but you’re supposed to work far more hours. The expectations change. If that’s true for jobs I’ve had, this sounds like it would also be true for minimum wage positions. Wouldn’t, as Jeff said, companies just find another way to exploit workers? If they’re paying them more, they could hire fewer people or force them to do different and worse labor.

Now, I would totally agree with Jeff that, yes, this does come from somewhere. This is why I fundamentally cannot agree with the idea that there can’t be a minimum wage. Because employers, corporations, businesses need to pay their fair share of the cost and the value of the labor that they’re profiting from. That is a concept that we, as a country, decided on when we ended slavery in the United States of America. We decided, as a country, morally, that we believe employers should pay for the value of the labor that they are profiting from. Now, in the restaurant industry in particular, at emancipation, the restaurant lobby did not want to pay for the value of their labor, and so they mutated tipping from being an extra or bonus on top of the wage to becoming a replacement for wages, which by the way, before emancipation, waiters were paid a full wage. So the whole idea of employers paying for their labor is something that we, as a nation, have accepted. Now, what happens when the minimum wage goes up in the restaurant industry in California or in the states that have raised wages? They don’t necessarily just reduce jobs. That hasn’t been borne out in the data. They do actually figure out, to your point, Jeff, greater efficiencies. They figure out that when you pay people more, actually, they don’t leave you. They stay. We did a study with Cornell where we interviewed 1,100 restaurant managers, and they told us that when you raise wages, you cut the cost of employee turnover because, guess what? When you pay people more, they don’t have to keep moving and looking for different jobs. They stay with you. That’s less turnover, which costs in terms of the cost of recruitment and hiring and morale and training new people. So it actually pays off to pay people well, and that is part of the overall cost of doing business.

OK, I have to object really strongly to the notion that imposing this minimum wage is going to make businesses more efficient by reducing turnover or encouraging them to substitute capital in an efficient way. If those things were efficient, if they were profitable, the employers would have done them already. If you can reduce turnover by paying a little bit higher wage, then of course, employers will do that. And many employers do do that, precisely for the reasons you explained, but not when they’re forced to do it by the higher minimum wage. Take the example of substituting machinery for a lower-skilled employee. There’s a cost to the machinery. There’s a cost of the employees, of the wages. You make the calculation of which one is more profitable, and you do the one that makes sense. If it made sense to substitute capital, you would have done it already. OK, so I don’t think that argument is the least bit convincing, and it just doesn’t make logical sense that there’s all this profit opportunity that these big public corporations, whose sole objective in life is basically to make profits, that they’re leaving all this money on the table by not paying a wage which would get them to a more profitable outcome.

But isn’t there an argument that part of making more money is the public appearance of being a good corporate citizen? We’ve had a lot of conversations recently about big corporations attempting to position themselves on specific political issues. I’m thinking of Apple getting involved with the Religious Freedom Restoration Act about five or six years ago. Isn’t an element where, yes, there is kind of the brute capitalism, we need to make as much money as possible, but also, it can be a good business maneuver to advertise yourself as having a good corporate culture by having higher wages?

But then again, you don’t need the government to make businesses do it. If it’s good for business to do something which looks socially responsible, whether it has to do with global warming or the wages you pay or the benefits you pay, then businesses will do it on their own because the way you describe it, it’s in the interests of the business. The net effect on profits after taking account of the somewhat higher costs for wages, but having better PR, having more people like your company, et cetera, they’ll take that into account, and they’ll do it on their own.

But I do want to put that question to Saru because I live in DC, where we have a $15 minimum wage. Florida, as you mentioned, has passed one that will go into effect by 2026. New York and Seattle both have a $15 minimum wage. So if you have private businesses that are saying, it’s a good idea for us to look good on this particular front by having a higher minimum wage, if you have cities and states that are making these decisions, why do we need the federal government to set a higher minimum wage for all?

So the truth is that we’re talking about giving people a very basic floor that would allow them to survive, allow them to get off of public assistance, allow them to feed their families when they work full time or more than full time. Look, here’s the problem with the argument Jeff is making of let’s just leave it entirely to the market, let’s have no minimum wage at all. If it were, efficient companies would do it. Well, guess what? There are lots of things companies do that are inefficient, that are based on their biases, their desires, their opinions. Racism and racial discrimination is not actually market efficient. So it is not entirely always efficiency that drives employer choices. And to the point of publicly-traded companies and if it were so great to pay people more, why wouldn’t they do it? I’ll tell you why. It’s because publicly-traded companies look at quarterly returns. And so there are a ton of efficiencies that arise from paying the minimum wage. The problem is that the publicly-traded corporations aren’t able to see it because they are so focused on short-term gains. So the problem with not having a federal minimum wage is that you leave the states with the highest populations of people of color at the lowest wages, and that exacerbates racial inequity in our country.

I want to focus on one thing that Saru said, which is that I’m arguing for leaving everything to the market. I haven’t said this yet, but I want to make clear that the argument against the minimum wage is not an argument against the social safety net. It’s an argument that the minimum wage is a terrible way of trying to have a social safety net. The libertarian view, my view, is that if you want to make poor people less poor, you should give them money via mechanisms like food stamps, housing assistance, universal basic income because those provide people with income without distorting private markets and without having the ancillary negative consequences that the minimum wage has. So they’re separate questions. One question is whether to help people who are not in a good financial position. The other question is how. My position is that the minimum wage is a terrible way in which to do it because it has all these ancillary side effects and because it doesn’t very successfully target the poorest people, whereas a universal basic income does explicitly target the very poorest people.

I do just have to address what Jeff said about leaving it to the market. You’re not saying leave it entirely to the market, but you are saying leave wages to the market, which means —

Yes, I am saying that.

— an employer could pay — meaning an employer could pay zero if they want to.

No, because people wouldn’t work for zero.

Well, people are working for zero right now, Jeff —

If employers have all this power, why don’t they set a zero wage?

Can I finish my point, please?

I apologize.

So actually, there are restaurant owners right now requiring workers to live off of tips. It’s illegal. Workers often don’t complain because they are scared to. They face retaliation. They are very vulnerable. They are women. They are people of color. And during the pandemic, these workers who receive zero dollars an hour could not get a dime of unemployment insurance because they were forced to live off of tips. And here’s the basic problem with having it rely entirely on government programs, social safety nets — some really big problems with that. One, workers want to be able to work and feed their families with their earnings. These workers, as well, want the dignity of being able to work in their profession — and these are professions — and not have to rely on government assistance, which is heavily stigmatized, difficult to access. And they want that dignity of being able to be paid. So you, Jeff, are asking taxpayers to cover these people’s livelihoods. But what I’m saying is that employers have to pay their fair share. They have to cover the value of their labor, of the people who are doing the work that brings them profit. [MUSIC PLAYING]

Hi, Jane. This is Reggie from Brooklyn. And the thing I’ve been arguing about with my friends and employer is whether we should use nuclear power to reach our climate goals. I think nuclear energy is the cleanest, most reliable way to bridge the gap between where we are now and our hopefully zero-carbon future in the time we have left.

What are you arguing about with your family, your friends, your frenemies? Tell me about the big debate you’re having in a voicemail by calling 347-915-4324, and we might play an excerpt of it on a future episode. So Jeff, you’ve said something that really interested me earlier, as a libertarian, is that you talked about the social safety net and the idea that we don’t need to raise the minimum wage. What we do need are better ways to support the poor that aren’t that, so talking about improving welfare programs. But you’ve mentioned two ideas in other work that you’ve done, the negative income tax and expansion of the earned-income tax credit. Now, I think for many people, they may have heard of the earned-income tax credit, but can you explain what the negative income tax would look like?

So a negative income tax, which is, in all important ways, the same as a universal basic income, says that everybody is guaranteed a certain amount of income per quarter or per year, some basis like that. And then they face some tax rate on all income earned. The simplest way to describe it, which doesn’t feel right to many people, is to say we send a check for $5,000 to every single person, including Bill Gates and, you know, Warren Buffett, but we then impose taxes. So if you have no income of your own, you receive that $5,000 per year, and that’s your total net income. If you earn $10,000 and there’s a 30% tax rate, you would get the $5,000 directly from the government plus the $10,000 you’ve earned, minus the $3,000 you would owe in taxes. You never owe any taxes on the universal basic income, on the negative income tax. So the idea is we put a floor on the amount of income that every single person has. And it gradually, as you earn income that didn’t come from the government, you pay taxes on that. But nobody will ever have any income below that floor that the government creates.

So what you’re saying here is that employers who make big profits, whether that’s a Walmart or McDonald’s or even a, like, company that’s doing really well in Washington DC, like a brewery, like the one that is being loud near my apartment, they do not have the responsibility to redistribute money. But the government — the federal government — through this program could redistribute money. They could send out checks for $5,000 to every American. Why do employers not have that responsibility but the government does? That seems — I’m confused.

It’s basically a practical answer that if the government does it in roughly the way I described, it’s consistent. It applies to everyone. It happens sort of year after year after year because it’s a government policy that’s in place and it continues, unless Congress changes its mind. But trying to get private employers to do it ends up mainly enriching private employers or some sectors relative to others. The housing industry gets richer than it would otherwise be because the government is subsidizing the building of housing projects. Certain farmers get richer than they would otherwise be because the government subsidizes food stamps. The transferring income to people approach doesn’t create any special favors for this industry versus that. It doesn’t allow you to go to Washington and lobby them to produce the — more of the goods and services that your industry produces because that’s allegedly helping poor people. It avoids all the inefficiencies created by having a centrally planned — central planner dictate what’s produced and how firms behave. If I could go back to one thing that Saru said, she said several times, we agreed, when we ended slavery, that we owe everyone a fair wage.

I don’t remember — or something like that.

We agreed that employers need to pay for the value of their labor, that they don’t get to —

When did we agree that?

That’s not in the Constitution. That’s not in a federal law.

Because we said —

Who agreed to that?

Because we said that employers should not be able to use free labor. That is what slavery was.

No, they should not be able to coerce free labor.

We agreed, as a country —

Outlawing slavery is not saying that someone can’t offer you a teeny wage and you agree to accept it. It’s saying that you can’t, using physical force, make people work for you for nothing.

And I would argue that because of the forced options that most people in this country on the minimum wage have, they are forced into very low-wage jobs, that their life situations have forced them into low-wage jobs that don’t give them the opportunities. When you’re working two and three jobs, you don’t actually have the time to go to college and get a degree and move up the ladder. So let me just say, one thing you said, Jeffrey, is just plain wrong. The idea that food stamps have not actually created inefficiencies and have not bred an industry or a sector that has profited off of food stamps is just plain wrong. The data shows that, actually, Walmart has profited quite a bit from food stamps. They —

That’s exactly my point.

OK, yeah, so —

I completely agree. That’s what I was saying. I totally agree with it.

Yeah, so Saru, like, the idea would be that you would have something that look kind of like Alaska’s Permanent Fund, which sends everyone in Alaska a check, or a dividend of some sort, which is that if you sent everyone in America a $5,000 check — everyone, every single person — and had that instead of food stamps, which as Jeff said, he argues have massive inefficiencies, you could wipe — use that instead of those programs. I’m interested to see your thoughts on that.

Yeah, my point is that we know, from situations like that, inefficiencies still will occur, even when people are given those checks. Because again, people at the lower end of the income spectrum have to spend those checks to survive on things like rent, which goes to developers, and food, which goes to grocery stores. There still will be inefficiencies. But here’s the bottom line. Employers — by doing that, by just providing everybody with $5,000, you completely remove any responsibility from employers to actually pay for, again, the people that are allowing them to create profit. The people who work for them generate the actual profit. And so employers should have the responsibility, rather than just taxpayers —

So I am saying that the employer should not bear this responsibility. I think it ends up being an incredibly inefficient way to try to accomplish the goal. I completely accept that some people have been forced by the conditions of the market and their luck and misfortunes of whatever their circumstances are to have very few opportunities, and I accept that there are people who have terrible circumstances. But I think the best way to do it is not by trying to make the employers responsible for it but letting their employers be responsible for maximizing efficiency and producing the most. First, that gives you the biggest economic pie available to redistribute to the people who deserve it, and they are not completely absolved because they pay taxes.

Not anymore.

No matter what the structure of the business taxes, they are ultimately paid by people, and the people are paying taxes that supports the transfers to those people who are deemed deserving by society’s judgments.

Saru, I noticed that you laughed a little bit when he talked about big corporations paying taxes. But I want to get at something. We appear to agree that there are, in our current system, a lot of inefficiencies that are bad. And we’re in a situation, and it is a situation, Jeff, as a libertarian, in which you are often in, which is that no one agrees with us and no one listens to us. No Republicans support raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour, so what are some other alternatives that could get us closer to poverty mitigation that could work with what we currently have in Congress, where we’re dealing with Democrats who are saying, we are supportive of raising the minimum wage, but the Republicans who are in Congress are not the people who are interested in thinking about poverty mitigation the same way we’re — you know, they’re not talking about a UBI. They are talking about tax cuts. When you’re thinking about either making the case for raising the minimum wage to Republicans or thinking about other ideas for poverty mitigation, where do you go?

So one thing that, actually, we have been able to agree with on — with some libertarians and Republicans is that we do need to reduce people’s dependence on public assistance, actually. And it is shown that raising the minimum wage reduces people’s dependence on food stamps, on other forms of public assistance. So raising the minimum wage reduces the burden on the taxpayer, on the government by allowing employers to pay their fair share and then reducing people’s dependence on public assistance. That is one area that we have in common with some Republicans.

Let me say a few things. First, I don’t want to leave the impression that libertarians advocate adding a universal basic income on top of the current social safety net. Libertarians think that if we could replace the existing social safety net with the universal income, that is plausibly an improvement. But many libertarians would still have severe qualms about the existing generosity of the current social safety net. They would say there might be — maybe there’s a role for some. It probably shouldn’t be federal. It should be left to states. It should probably be less generous — just so I don’t mislead. But on your question of what other things can be done to help people who are poor, libertarians have a few things that they emphasize quite a bit, which is repeal of regressive regulation. Lots of regulations are especially bad for poor people. This includes land-use regulation, which makes it hard for people to afford housing because you restrict the density of buildings, the heights of buildings, building more in inner cities. That forces people with lower incomes to live farther away, to have longer commutes, to have less access to jobs, to stores, and so on. Similar issues with occupational licensing, has effects of two kinds. One, it keeps relatively poor people from entering certain professions because they have to spend money or spend time getting degrees in order to practice those occupations. At the same time, those licensing restrictions raise the cost of the goods in those occupations of the — being produced by those occupations. And that, of course, has a bigger negative effect on people who are poor. And there are lots of other examples. Childcare regulation is another good one. There’s tons of regulation of childcare. Whom does that harm especially? Poor mothers, OK, who can’t easily afford daycare and be able to hold jobs because of the regulation, which raises costs so much.

Saru, I’m going to guess that you probably don’t think that these ideas should replace the fight for the $15 minimum wage and my efforts to join us all on one side of the argument. Eh, a little quixotic. But what’s your what’s your last point on this particular issue? Because I think that I agree with Jeff, the occupational licensing issue is particularly interesting because of how, in my own personal experience, it hinders African-American business owners. For instance, you can get into a very weird place with the licenses you need to do African hair braiding. But what is it about the $15 minimum wage that makes it your central issue and the central issue for this conversation?

The current debate is how much should the minimum wage be and should it apply equally to everybody in this country. And so therefore, 32 million Americans would get a raise from a $15 minimum wage. And by eliminating sub-minimum wages, we reduce racial inequity, legacies of slavery, and severe gender discrimination and harassment.

I just want to thank both of you so much for joining me. Saru Jayaraman is the president of One Fair Wage, a group that advocates for raising wages and working conditions for restaurant service workers. She’s also director of the Food Labor Research Center at the University of California Berkeley. Thank you so much for joining me.

Jeff Miron is a senior lecturer at Harvard and director of economic studies at the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank based in Washington DC. Thank you for joining me, Jeff.

My pleasure. Thank you for having me. [MUSIC PLAYING]

If you want to learn more about the minimum wage, I recommend reading the full report from the Congressional Budget Office published in February about what Biden’s bill to raise the minimum wage $15 an hour would actually mean for jobs and the economy. And for the policy wonks — I know who you are — I also recommend the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ February report on the characteristics of minimum wage workers. You can find links to both of these reports in our episode notes. Finally, some of you called in with your own stories about student loan debt after last week’s episode.

Hi, my name is Kendra. I’m an African-American woman who graduated from George Washington University in 1997. My experience has been chronic oppression due to student loan debt accompanied by low to no income over several years. There should be complete forgiveness for those who have suffered such a burden. I’m Janelle from Vermont, and I have over $50,000 of student loans. There’s nothing I can do but continue to pay and hope that when I die, the remaining debt doesn’t carry on to my children.

The Argument is a production of New York Times Opinion. It’s produced by Phoebe Lett, Elisa Guttierez, and Vishakha Darbha, edited by Alison Bruzek and Paula Szuchman with original music and sound design by Isaac Jones and fact-checking by Michele Harris. [MUSIC PLAYING]

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The federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour hasn’t changed since 2009. Workers in 21 states make the federal floor, which can be even lower for people who make tips. And at $7.25 an hour, a person working full time with a dependent is making below the federal poverty line.

[You can listen to this episode of “The Argument” on Apple , Spotify , Google or wherever you get your podcasts .]

States such as California, Florida, Illinois and Massachusetts have approved gradual minimum wage increases to reach $15 an hour — so is it time to do it at the federal level?

On Wednesday 20 senators from both parties are set to meet to discuss whether to use their influence on minimum wage legislation.

Economists have argued for years about the consequences of the hike, saying employers who bear the costs would be forced to lay off some of the very employees the minimum wage was intended to support. A report by the Congressional Budget Office on a proposal to see $15 by 2025 estimates the increase would move 900,000 people out of poverty — and at the same time cut 1.4 million jobs.

[ Instagram Live : Watch host Jane Coaston and Kara Swisher discuss whether we need to raise the minimum wage .]

On today’s episode, we debate the fight for $15 with two people who see things very differently. Saru Jayaraman is the president of One Fair Wage and the director of the Food Labor Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley. Jeffrey Miron is a senior lecturer in the department of economics at Harvard University and the director of economic studies at the Cato Institute.

Mentioned in this episode:

The Congressional Budget Office’s February 2021 report on the budgetary effects of the Raise the Wage Act of 2021.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ April 2020 report “Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers.”

(A full transcript of the episode will be available midday on the Times website.)

argumentative essay about raising minimum wage

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“The Argument” is produced by Phoebe Lett, Elisa Gutierrez and Vishakha Darbha and edited by Alison Bruzek and Paula Szuchman; fact-checking by Michelle Harris; music and sound design by Isaac Jones.

109 Minimum Wage Essay Titles & Examples

🤫 secrets of a powerful minimum wage essay & thesis, 🏆 best minimum wage essay topics & examples, 📌 most interesting minimum wage topics to write about, 👍 good minimum wage research topics, ❓ research questions about minimum wage.

Your argument is the most crucial aspect of your minimum wage essay, whether you are taking a stance for or against raising it. Thus, you will have to cover the unemployment and poverty causes and effects, which create the borderline for people’s bare existence.

However, explaining the mechanism behind the issue is only one of the facets. You will need to pay attention to creating a remarkable minimum wage thesis statement, outline, and more. Here are all the things you need for successful essay writing:

  • Structure. Ideally, you should write your outline before you begin writing instead of during the process. It should reflect your argument and allow for the creation of a smooth transition between subtopics. Being coherent and easy to read ensures your readers interest in any topics you may mention.
  • Ideas. These may come from your previous research, thoughts, or brainstorming. The more thought you put into your argument, the more minimum wage essay ideas you may gather and present to your readers. Doing so helps you create an excellent essay that is ready to counter-argue any problem.
  • Thesis statement. One concise and on-point sentence should embody your whole paper, giving your readers a glimpse of what to expect from your work and what conclusions you hope to draw. If you are not sure of the quality of your thesis statement, then you can read sample sentences online. Continuously ask yourself whether the examples that you have found help the essay writer condense their argument.
  • Title. Grabbing your readers’ attention is possible when you have understood how to create well-written minimum wage essay titles. Without them, your essay may be overlooked and forgotten, so do not be afraid to experiment with differently worded titles so you can judge, which may have the best effect on a potential audience.
  • Conclusion . Finalizing your work and drawing coherent resolutions from it is the goal of all minimum wage essay questions. Do not reference any of the research you called upon in this paragraph, but instead make obvious the links between your used sources and final verdict. Your conclusion should be most representative of your work and leave a good impression on your audience.

Apart from these structural elements, you should also pay attention to the research aspect of your paper, integrating different credible titles into your bibliography.

This action demonstrates a comprehensive knowledge of minimum wage essay topics, as well as highlights the congruency of your thoughts with the academic community.

You may use different sources, from books and journals, from contemporary poverty speech performances to deportation laws.

You should not confine yourself to your outlined timeline and can mention modern-day implication of minimum wage, especially if it adds to your argument and does not forget your central issue.

Sticking to your argument is an essential aspect of essay writing. Asses each sentence you write and remove it if it does not suit your thesis statement. Your readers will notice all loose-ended and pointless arguments, which are irrelevant to your central theme.

Removing them will only increase the quality of your essay, allowing you to get better marks by being both coherent and comprehensive.

If doing so has dropped your work below your aspired word count, then you should review your outline and look for ways to develop your argument differently.

Do you want to write an essay that is better than merely “excellent”? Check IvyPanda’s essay samples to find out how!

  • The Pros of Raising the Canadian Minimum Wage In turn, the increase in the prices of goods and services will result to the decrease in the company’s profits. The rise in the minimum wage will cause the retrenched employees to join the ranks […]
  • Issues that affect low wage earners Low earner hardly afford good housing; they live in houses that do not meet the standards of an adequate housing systems, the reason why they opt for such houses is because they have limited funds […]
  • The Minimum Wage in the US: Situation Overview Other people argue that increasing the minimum wage would lead to increase in commodity prices by the employers to cover for the increased costs thereby beating the reason for the increase.
  • Minimum Wage Issue: Political Regulation Governments usually impose minimum wage to reduce poverty; indeed, increase in the minimum wage is also said to increase motivation of the workers and hence lead to more productivity. Increase in the minimum wage does […]
  • Minimum Wage Effectiveness However, the minimum wage can be a good stimulus for young people to continue their study instead of joining the “labor market”, and this is very good for the development of society since it leads […]
  • Minimum Wages in Different American States These criticizers continue to epic that the minimum wage tends to reduce the demand expected of workers where they argue that this is greatly caused by the reduction in the number of the jobs and […]
  • Minimum Wage: Pros and Cons, Effects of Increase Labor union laws and minimum wage laws have contributed a lot to the current trend of structural unemployment in the United States of America.
  • The effects of the introduction of the National Minimum Wage on employment This paper evaluates the theoretical assumptions regarding the effects of the introduction of the National Minimum Wage within the British home care sector.
  • Raising Minimum Wage in the US The current economic recession that continues to impact the U.S.economy The main problem with the proposal of President Obama lies in what the article states as the possibility of companies leaving the U.S.due to the […]
  • Minimum Wage in Saudi Arabia and Other Countries In this respect, the fair wage expands the concepts of the living wage and minimum wage to include the conditions of work.
  • Long Term Investment Decisions Another policy, which the government may have in the regulation of a market economy is the regulation of the amount of tax levied on products and services.
  • Fixing an Initial Minimum Wage The paper will also determine the reasons why the minimum wage is important to a nation and the reasons why minimum wage rate should not be constituted in a country.
  • Minimum Acceptable Remuneration Regulation A comparison of the minimum wages in Australia and the US shows that adopting policies on minimum wages to reflect levels of training and incorporate economic indicators has positive effects on employment.
  • The Concept of Minimum Wage Moreover, the rise of the minimum wage boosts the economy of the whole country and increases the quality of life. So, if the minimum wage is 10% higher, and that causes the reduction of poverty […]
  • Social Policy: Living on a Minimum Wage One of the primary findings is that the minimum wage is not a living wage. Another matter of concern is the fact that minimum living affects children and their prospects in life.
  • The Minimum Wage in China: Lee Wang Case The point in this case is that the main purpose of labour inspection is to correct the violation of labour ethics by employers, such as a company underpaying its employees, and to defend the employees’ […]
  • Should the US Raise the Minimum Wage to $15 an Hour? While increasing the minimum wage is costly for businesses, not increasing the minimum wage is costly for the United States government.
  • Minimum Wage in California and Other States This paper aims to explore the minimum wage in the state of California as well as the significance of independent minimum wages for separate states and the conditions of workers in outsourced companies.
  • Increasing Minimum Wage in the US Restaurant Industry With the growing economy and the overall rise in the cost of life, it becomes evident that the minimum wage is insufficient for people to satisfy their basic needs and ensure an appropriate standard of […]
  • Minimum Wage Policy in Canada In response, according to Tipton et al, the minimum wage policy was put in place to counter the rising poverty level by ensuring that employees in Canada experienced the basic standards of compensation and employment […]
  • Addison Ventures Company’s Minimum Wage vs. Ethics The main problem at Addison Ventures arises from the fact that the company is finding t quite challenging to balance between the cost of labor in terms of the minimum wage for its employees and […]
  • Minneapolis Government Trends in Minimum Wage Increases According to the report of Associated Press, the City Council of Minneapolis has passed the ordinance to increase the minimum wages in the city to 15 dollars per hour.
  • Minimum Wage According to Marxism Analyzing the issue from the Marxist viewpoint, it can be concluded that increases in the minimum wage are beneficial to the working class but not to capitalists.
  • Raising the Minimum Wage: Positive and Negative Aspects Increasing the minimum wage will increase the social efficiency of society, which is determined by the degree of satisfaction of its needs.
  • Minimum Wage and Government Interventions Coming to the issue of minimum wage, it is the “floor price” of labor that is determined by the federal government to guarantee fair wages to the workers.
  • National Minimum Wage Analysis The minimum wage is the legally established wage for the rate fulfilled by the employee. The higher the minimum wage, the higher the taxes.
  • Increasing Minimum Wage in Los Angeles As already mentioned, it may be critical to evaluate the basic needs of the population precisely and provide sufficient minimum wage. Hence it may be needed to increase the minimum wage in the state of […]
  • Minimum Wage Legislation in Texas The key objectives for a lobbyist for the organization would be to emphasize the numerous benefits to the working class while presenting arguments that changes will not be disruptive to the economy or businesses.
  • Minimum Wage: Overview and Analysis The pandemic has led to a huge deterioration of the economy, and raising the minimum wage is not something that businesses can handle.
  • Raising the Minimum Wage and Its Disadvantages The average leftists will try to achieve an increase in the level of salaries with the help of the minimum wage.
  • Researching of Minimum Wage and Living Wage Like any other commodity, labor is determined by supply and demand in the market, and any artificial intervention disrupts the market balance, leading to shortages and gray employment.
  • Definition of the Minimum Wage and Its Aspects An increase in minimum wages will lead to substitution in the market. An increase in wages will be directly proportional to the prices of commodities in the market.
  • Effects of an Increasing Minimum Wage A minimum wage increase is beneficial to the company in the long term but expensive in the short term. The rising minimum wage would lead to reduced research and development in purchasing machinery and software, […]
  • Effects of Minimum Wage Increase The proposed increase will indeed benefit workers by raising their overall living standards by granting minimum wage employees a more appropriate pay level to contend with cost-of-living increases and the supply side of the labor […]
  • The Raising the Minimum Wage Article by Scott Raising the minimum wage: Good for workers, businesses, and the economy. The issue of the federal minimum wage has been long debated as it affects the economic status of the U.S.
  • The Positive Effects of Minimum Wage on the Economy
  • The Political Economy of the National Minimum Wage Institution
  • Why the Minimum Wage Matters in the U.S. Industry Economy
  • Why The Age Requirement Can Start Working For Minimum Wage Jobs
  • When Is A Good Time To Raise The Minimum Wage
  • Union Power, Minimum Wage Legislation, Endogenous Labor Supplies and Production
  • Work-Related Training and the New National Minimum Wage in Britain
  • Welfare Effects of Minimum Wage and Other Government Policies
  • What Is Minimum Wage Is Not Ideal And Struggles
  • Why the Minimum Wage Orthodoxy Reigns Supreme
  • Wage Distribution And Earnings Inequality Impacts Of The Minimum Wage
  • The Positive And Negative Effects Of Raising Minimum Wage
  • The Social Issue of the Minimum Wage and the Need to Raise the Current Minimum Wage in America
  • Using the EITC to Help Poor Families: New Evidence and a Comparison with the Minimum Wage
  • United Kingdom: Developing a Progressive Minimum Wage in a Liberal Market Economy
  • Unemployment Benefit, Minimum Wage And Average Salary Earnings In Romania
  • Why The Minimum Wage Shouldn’t Be Raised
  • The Short-Run Effects of the Minimum Wage on Employment and Labor Market Participation: Evidence from an Individual-Level Panel
  • The National Minimum Wage and Hours of Work: Implications for Low Paid Women
  • The Negative Impact of Raising the Minimum Wage
  • The Positive Impacts of Raising the Minimum Wage on the Economy, the Health of the Citizens, and Their Quality of Life
  • The Optimum Minimum Wage When Labor Services are Taxed
  • Wage Inequality And Raise The Minimum Wage
  • Thinking about Minimum Wage Increases in Alberta: Theoretically, Empirically, and Regionally
  • Welfare Benefits, Minimum Wage Rate and the Duration of Welfare Spells: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Canada
  • The Productivity‐Enhancing Impacts of the Minimum Wage: Lessons from Denmark and New Zealand
  • Why Has the British National Minimum Wage Had Little or No Impact on Employment
  • Why Minimum Wage Jobs Pay Their Employees Unfairly
  • Wage Rigidity, Collective Bargaining and the Minimum Wage: Evidence from French Agreement Data
  • The Rate Of Substitution Between Low Pay Workers and The National Minimum Wage
  • The Pros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage of Workers
  • The Struggle to Fight the Minimum Wage in America in Nickel and Dimed, a Book by Barbara Ehrenreich
  • Wage Dispersion and the Minimum Wage Spike in a Search Economy With Wage-Posting
  • The Role of Risk Preference in Immigration and Minimum Wage Policies
  • Which Age Should Be The Minimum Wage For Drinking
  • The Truth Behind the Minimum Wage in America in Nickel and Dimed, a Novel by Barbara Ehrenreich
  • Using Local Labor Market Data to Re-Examine the Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage
  • The Wage and Employment Dynamics of Minimum Wage Workers
  • What Should Be Done About The Minimum Wage
  • Understanding Wage Theft: Evasion and Avoidance Responses to Minimum Wage Increases
  • The Negative Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage
  • The Potential Impact of the Minimum Wage in Rural Areas
  • Working Conditions At Minimum Wage Jobs
  • The Unexpected Long-Run Impact of the Minimum Wage: An Educational Cascade
  • Did the German Minimum Wage Reform Influence Employment Growth in 2015?
  • Are Wage and Employment Effects Robust to Alternative Minimum Wage Variables?
  • Does the Minimum Wage Bite Into Fast-Food Prices?
  • Does the Minimum Wage Cause Inefficient Rationing?
  • Are There Long-Run Effects of the Minimum Wage?
  • Does Raising the Minimum Wage Help the Poor?
  • How Much Would Increasing the Minimum Wage Affect Food Prices?
  • Does the German Minimum Wage Help Low Income Households?
  • How Raising Minimum Wage Will Hurt the Economy?
  • What Are Three Effects of Raising the Federal Minimum Wage?
  • Did the National Minimum Wage Affect UK Prices?
  • Why Does the Minimum Wage Exist?
  • Does the Minimum Wage Affect Employment?
  • Should the Minimum Wage Be Abolished?
  • How Does the Minimum Wage Affect Employment via On-The-Job Search Intensity?
  • Does Increasing Minimum Wage Decrease Poverty?
  • How Has Minimum Wage Influenced the United States?
  • Can the Minimum Wage Force the Hand of Small Businesses?
  • How Does the Minimum Wage Affect Firm Investments in Fixed and Human Capital?
  • Can the Minimum Wage Reduce Poverty?
  • Does Minimum Wage Affect Workplace Safety?
  • Has the National Minimum Wage Reduced UK Wage Inequality?
  • Did the Minimum Wage Affect the Incidence of Second Job Holding in Britain?
  • Did Minimum Wage Increases Reduce Employment?
  • How Is the Minimum Wage Debate Viewed Through a Marxist?
  • How Does the Minimum Wage Affect the Employment Statuses of Youths?
  • Does the Minimum Wage Affect Welfare Caseloads?
  • Should Raising Minimum Wage Have Stronger Job Growth?
  • How Many Americans Are Working for Minimum Wage and Living in Poverty?
  • Does Increasing the Minimum Wage Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?
  • Chicago (A-D)
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Fact Sheet | Wages, Incomes, and Wealth

Why the U.S. needs a $15 minimum wage : How the Raise the Wage Act would benefit U.S. workers and their families

Fact Sheet • January 26, 2021

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This fact sheet was updated February 19 with a new section on tipped workers .

The federal minimum hourly wage is just $7.25 and Congress has not increased it since 2009. Low wages hurt all workers and are particularly harmful to Black workers and other workers of color, especially women of color, who make up a disproportionate share of workers who are severely underpaid. This is the result of structural racism and sexism, with an economic system rooted in chattel slavery in which workers of color—and especially women of color—have been and continue to be shunted into the most underpaid jobs. 1

argumentative essay about raising minimum wage

This fact sheet was produced in collaboration with the National Employment Law Project .

The Raise the Wage Act of 2021 would gradually raise the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025 and narrow racial and gender pay gaps. Here is what the Act would do:

  • Raise the federal minimum wage to $9.50 this year and increase it in steps until it reaches $15 an hour in 2025. 2
  • After 2025, adjust the minimum wage each year to keep pace with growth in the median wage, a measure of wages for typical workers.
  • Phase out the egregious subminimum wage for tipped workers, which has been frozen at a meager $2.13 since 1991. 3
  • Sunset unacceptable subminimum wages for workers with disabilities employed in sheltered workshops and for workers under age 20.

The benefits of gradually phasing in a $15 minimum wage by 2025 would be far-reaching, lifting pay for tens of millions of workers and helping reverse decades of growing pay inequality.

The Raise the Wage Act would have the following benefits: 4

  • Gradually raising the federal minimum wage to $15 by 2025 would lift pay for 32 million workers—21% of the U.S. workforce .
  • Affected workers who work year round would earn an extra $3,300 a year —enough to make a tremendous difference in the life of a cashier, home health aide, or fast-food worker who today struggles to get by on less than $25,000 a year.
  • A majority (59%) of workers whose total family income is below the poverty line would receive a pay increase if the minimum wage were raised to $15 by 2025.
  • A $15 minimum wage would begin to reverse decades of growing pay inequality between the most underpaid workers and workers receiving close to the median wage, particularly along gender and racial lines. For example, minimum wage increases in the late 1960s explained 20% of the decrease in the Black–white earnings gap in the years that followed, whereas failures to adequately increase the minimum wage after 1979 account for almost half of the increase in inequality between women at the middle and bottom of the wage distribution. 5
  • A $15 minimum wage by 2025 would generate $107 billion in higher wages for workers and would also benefit communities across the country. Because underpaid workers spend much of their extra earnings, this injection of wages will help stimulate the economy and spur greater business activity and job growth .

Raising the minimum wage to $15 will be particularly significant for workers of color and would help narrow the racial pay gap.

  • Nearly one-third (31%) of African Americans and one-quarter (26%) of Latinos would get a raise if the federal minimum wage were increased to $15. 6
  • Almost one in four (23%) of those who would benefit is a Black or Latina woman.
  • African Americans and Latinos are paid 10%–15% less than white workers with the same characteristics, so The Raise the Wage Act will deliver the largest benefits to Black and Latino workers: about $3,500 annually for a year-round worker. 7
  • Minimum wage increases in the 1960s Civil Rights Era significantly reduced Black–white earnings inequality and are responsible for more than 20% of the overall reduction in later years. 8

The majority of workers who would benefit are adult women—many of whom have attended college and many of whom have children.

  • More than half (51%) of workers who would benefit are adults between the ages of 25 and 54; only one in 10 is a teenager.
  • Nearly six in 10 (59%) are women.
  • More than half (54%) work full time.
  • More than four in 10 (43%) have some college experience.
  • More than a quarter (28%) have children.

The Raise the Wage Act follows the lead of the growing number of states and cities that have adopted significant minimum wage increases in recent years, thanks to the ‘Fight for $15 and a union’ movement led by Black workers and workers of color.

  • Since the Fight for $15 was launched by striking fast-food workers in 2012, 9 states representing approximately 40% of the U.S. workforce —California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, and the District of Columbia— have approved raising their minimum wages to $15 an hour . 10
  • Additional states—including Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Vermont, Missouri, Michigan, and Maine—have approved minimum wages ranging from $12 to $14.75 an hour . 11

Not just on the coasts, but all across the country, workers need at least $15 an hour today .

  • Today, in all areas across the United States, a single adult without children needs at least $31,200—what a full-time worker making $15 an hour earns annually—to achieve a modest but adequate standard of living. 12 By 2025, workers in these areas and those with children will need even more, according to projections based on the Economic Policy Institute’s Family Budget Calculator . 13
  • For example, in rural Missouri, a single adult without children will need $39,800 (more than $19 per hour for a full-time worker) by 2025 to cover typical rent, food, transportation, and other basic living costs.
  • In larger metro areas of the South and Southwest—where the majority of the Southern population live—a single adult without children will also need more than $15 an hour by 2025 to get by: $20.03 in Fort Worth, $21.12 in Phoenix, and $20.95 in Miami.
  • In more expensive regions of the country, a single adult without children will need far more than $15 an hour by 2025 to cover the basics: $28.70 in New York City, $24.06 in Los Angeles, and $23.94 in Washington, D.C.

Workers in many essential and front-line jobs struggle to get by on less than $15 an hour today and would benefit from a $15 minimum wage.

  • Essential and front-line workers make up a majority (60%) of those who would benefit from a $15 minimum wage. 14 The median pay is well under $15 an hour for many essential and front-line jobs; examples include substitute teachers ($13.84), nursing assistants ($14.26), and home health aides ($12.15). 15
  • More than one-third (35%) of those working in residential or nursing care facilities would see their pay increase , in addition to home health aides and other health care support workers.
  • One in three retail-sector workers (36%) would get a raise, including 42% of workers in grocery stores.
  • More than four in 10 (43% of) janitors, housekeepers, and other cleaning workers would benefit.
  • Nearly two-thirds (64%) of servers, cooks, and other food preparation workers would see their earnings rise by $5,800 on a year-round basis.
  • Ten million workers in health care, education, construction, and manufacturing would see a raise —representing nearly one-third (31%) of the workers who would see a raise.

Phasing out the egregiously low $2.13 minimum wage for tipped workers would lift pay, provide stable paychecks, and reduce poverty for millions of tipped workers.

  • There are 1.3 million tipped workers throughout the country who are paid as little as $2.13 per hour because Congress has not lifted the federal tipped wage in 30 years. Another 1.8 million tipped workers receive wages above $2.13, but still less than their state’s regular minimum wage. 16
  • Seven states (Alaska, California, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington) have already eliminated their lower tipped minimum wage . In these “one-fair-wage” states, tipped workers in these states are paid the same minimum wage as everyone else before tips. 17 For restaurant servers and bartenders, take-home pay in one-fair-wage states is 21% higher, on average, than in $2.13 states.
  • Having a lower minimum wage for tipped jobs results in dramatically higher poverty rates for tipped workers. In states that use the federal $2.13 tipped minimum wage, the poverty rate among servers and bartenders is 13.3%—5.6 percentage points higher than the 7.7% poverty rate among servers and bartenders in one-fair-wage states. 18
  • Eliminating the lower tipped minimum wage has not harmed growth in the restaurant industry or tipped jobs. From 2011 to 2019, one-fair-wage states had stronger restaurant growth than states that had a lower tipped minimum wage—both in the number of full-service restaurants (17.5% versus 11.1%) and in full-service restaurant employment (23.8% versus 18.7%). 19

Growing numbers of business owners and organizations have backed a $15 minimum wage.

  • In states that have already approved $15 minimum wages, business organizations representing thousands of small businesses have endorsed a $15 minimum wage.
  • Business groups that have endorsed a $15 minimum wage include Business for a Fair Minimum Wage, 20 the American Sustainable Business Council, 21 the Patriotic Millionaires, 22 the Greater New York Chamber of Commerce, 23 the Long Island African American Chamber of Commerce, 24 and others.
  • Growing numbers of employers have responded to pressure from workers and raised their starting pay scales to $15 or higher. These include retail giants Amazon, 25 Whole Foods 26 (owned by Amazon), Target, 27 Walmart, 28 Wayfair, 29 Costco, 30 Hobby Lobby, 31 and Best Buy; 32 employers in the food service and producing industries, such as Chobani, 33 Starbucks, 34 Sanderson Farms (Mississippi), 35 and the Atlanta-area locations of Lidl grocery stores; 36 health care employers including Michigan’s Henry Ford Health System 37 and Trinity Health System, 38 Ohio’s Akron Children’s Hospital 39 and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 40 Iowa’s Mercy Medical Center and MercyCare Community Physicians, 41 Missouri’s North Kansas City Hospital and Meritas Health, 42 and Maryland’s LifeBridge Health; 43 insurers and banks such as Amalgamated Bank, 44 Allstate, 45 Wells Fargo, 46 and Franklin Savings Bank in New Hampshire 47 ; and tech and communications leaders such as Facebook 48 and Charter Communications. 49

Our economy can more than afford a $15 minimum wage.

  • Workers earning the current federal minimum wage are paid less per hour in real dollars than their counterparts were paid 50 years ago . 50
  • Businesses can afford to pay the most underpaid worker in the U.S. today substantially more than what her counterpart was paid half a century ago. 51
  • The economy has grown dramatically over the past 50 years, and workers are producing more from each hour of work, with productivity nearly doubling since the late 1960s . If the minimum wage had been raised at the same pace as productivity growth since the late 1960s, it would be over $20 an hour today . 52

Research confirms what workers know: Raising wages benefits us all.

  • High-quality academic scholarship confirms that modest increases in the minimum wage have not led to detectable job losses . 53
  • After the federal minimum wage was raised to its highest historical peak in 1968, wages grew and racial earnings gaps closed without constricting employment opportunities for underpaid workers overall. 54
  • Comprehensive research on 138 state-level minimum wage increases shows that all underpaid workers benefit from minimum wage increases, not just teenagers or restaurant workers. 55
  • Multiple studies conclude that total annual incomes of families at the bottom of the income distribution rise significantly after a minimum wage increase. 56 Workers in low-wage jobs and their families benefit the most from these income increases, reducing poverty and income inequality.
  • By providing families with higher incomes, minimum wage increases have improved infant health and also reduced child abuse and teenage pregnancy . 57

An immediate increase in the minimum wage is necessary for the health of our economy.

  • Raising the minimum wage now will tilt the playing field back toward workers who have dangerous jobs and little bargaining power during the pandemic. 58
  • Providing underpaid workers with more money will directly counter the consumer demand shortfall during this recession. 59
  • Even the Congressional Budget Office’s 2019 study of the impact of raising the federal minimum wage to $15 by 2025 clearly showed that the policy would raise incomes of underpaid workers overall and significantly reduce the number of families in poverty. 60

Low wages threaten the economic security of workers and their families, who then turn to social benefits programs to make ends meet.

  • In states without laws to raise the minimum wage to $15, nearly half (47%, or 10.5 million) of families of workers who would benefit from the Act rely on public supports programs in part because they do not earn enough at work. 61
  • These workers and their families account for nearly one-third of total enrollment in one or more public supports programs. 62
  • In states without a $15 minimum wage law, public supports programs for underpaid workers and their families make up 42% of total spending on Medicaid and CHIP (the Children’s Health Insurance Program), cash assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or TANF), food stamps (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP), and the earned income tax credit (EITC), and cost federal and state taxpayers more than $107 billion a year . 63

Notes and Sources

This fact sheet is an update of Why America Needs a $15 Minimum Wage , published by EPI and the National Employment Law Project, February 2019.

Unless otherwise indicated, the figures presented in this fact sheet come from a forthcoming EPI analysis of the 2021 Raise the Wage Act .

1. Kate Bahn and Carmen Sanchez Cumming, “ Four Graphs on U.S. Occupational Segregation by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender ,” Washington Center for Equitable Growth, July 1, 2020.

2. The analysis is based on the 2021 Raise the Wage Act.

3. Sylvia Allegretto and David Cooper, Twenty-Three Years and Still Waiting for Change: Why It’s Time to Give Tipped Workers the Regular Minimum Wage , Economic Policy Institute, July 2014.

4. Estimated effects of the 2021 Raise the Wage Act throughout this fact sheet are from a forthcoming Economic Policy Institute analysis of the legislation and include benefits for both directly affected workers (those who would otherwise earn less than $15 per hour in 2025) and indirectly affected workers (those who would earn just slightly above $15 in 2025).

5. Ellora Derenoncourt and Claire Montialoux, “ Minimum Wages and Racial Inequality ,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 136, no. 1 (February 2021); David Autor, Alan Manning, and Christopher L. Smith, “ The Contribution of the Minimum Wage to U.S. Wage Inequality over Three Decades: A Reassessment ,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8, no. 1 (January 2016).

6. See also Laura Huizar and Tsedeye Gebreselassie, What a $15 Minimum Wage Means for Women and Workers of Color , National Employment Law Project, December 2016.

7. For racial/ethnic wage gaps, see Appendix Table 1 of Elise Gould, State of Working America Wages 2019 , Economic Policy Institute, February 2020.

8. Ellora Derenoncourt and Claire Montialoux, “ Minimum Wages and Racial Inequality ,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 136, no. 1 (February 2021).

9. Alina Selyukh, “ ‘Gives Me Hope’: How Low-Paid Workers Rose up Against Stagnant Wages ,” National Public Radio’s All Things Considered , February 26, 2020; Kimberly Freeman Brown and Marc Bayard, “ Editorial: The New Face of Labor, Civil Rights is Black & Female ,” NBC News, September 7, 2015; Amy B. Dean, “ Is the Fight for $15 the Next Civil Rights Movement? ” Al Jazeera America , June 22, 2015.

10. Economic Policy Institute calculation using Current Employment Statistics data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Values calculated using the listed states’ share of total U.S. nonfarm employment in calendar year 2019 (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). For recent minimum wage changes, see the Economic Policy Institute Minimum Wage Tracker, https://www.epi.org/minimum-wage-tracker/ . We include the District of Columbia in this list even though it is not a state.

11. Yannet Lathrop, Impact of the Fight for $15: $68 Billion in Raises, 22 Million Workers , National Employment Law Project, November 2018.

12. Based on calculations from the Economic Policy Institute’s Family Budget Calculator , which measures the income a family needs to attain a secure yet modest standard of living in all counties and metro areas across the country.

13. Congressional Budget Office projections for the consumer price index were applied to the Economic Policy Institute’s Family Budget Calculator .

14. Economic Policy Institute analysis of the legislation, forthcoming.

15. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2019 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates United States (online database).

16. Economic Policy Institute analysis of Current Population Survey outgoing rotation group microdata, 2017–2019

17. Economic Policy Institute analysis of Current Population Survey outgoing rotation group microdata, 2017–2019

18. Economic Policy Institute analysis of Current Population Survey outgoing rotation group microdata, 2017–2019

19.  Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2011–2019.

20. Business for a Fair Minimum Wage, “ Federal Business for a Fair Minimum Wage—$15: Signatories List in Formation ,” accessed January 22, 2021.

21. Business for a Fair Minimum Wage, “ Federal Business for a Fair Minimum Wage—$15: Signatories List in Formation ,” accessed January 22, 2021.

22. Patriotic Millionaires, “ Endorsed Bill: The Raise the Wage Act ,” accessed January 22, 2021.

23. Greater New York Chamber of Commerce, “ Celebrating Juneteenth ,” June 18, 2020.

24. Kate King, “ New York Boosts Minimum Wage and Some Businesses Balk ,” Wall Street Journal , January 4, 2021.

25. Arjun Panchadar, “ Amazon Raises Minimum Wage to $15, Urges Rivals to Follow ,” Reuters , October 2, 2018.

26. Abha Bhattarai, “ Amazon Boosts Minimum Wage to $15 for All Workers Following Criticism ,” Washington Post , October 2, 2018.

27. Melissa Repko, “ Target Raises Minimum Wage to $15 an Hour Months Before its Deadline ,” CNBC , June 17, 2020.

28. Michael Grothaus, “ Walmart Is Giving 165,000 Employees a Pay Raise Between $15 and $30 per Hour ,” Fast Company , September 18, 2020.

29. Lucia Maffei, “ Wayfair Sets $15 Minimum Wage for All U.S. Workers ,” MassLive , January 8, 2021.

30. Sarah Nassauer and Micah Maidenberg, “ Costco Raises Minimum Wage to $15 an Hour ,” Wall Street Journal , March 6, 2019.

31. Hobby Lobby, “ Hobby Lobby Raises Minimum Wage ” (press release), September 14, 2020.

32. Gillian Friedman, “ Best Buy to Join Retailers Paying a $15 Minimum Wage ,” New York Times , July 22, 2020.

33. Chobani, “ Chobani Increases Employees’ Starting Wage to at Least $15/Hour ,” (PR Newswire release), Vending Marketwatch , October 30, 2020.

34. Janine Puhak, “ Starbucks to Raise Minimum Wage to $15 for US Employees over Next Three Years ,” WDRB.com , December 12, 2020.

35. Sanderson Farms, “ Sanderson Farms Increases Pay Rates for Hourly Employees ” (press release), June 3, 2019.

36. Kara McIntyre, “ Lidl to Raise Atlanta-Area Starting Pay to $15 An Hour ,” Patch (Atlanta, Ga.), January 5, 2021.

37. Henry Ford Health System, “ Henry Ford Among the First Michigan Health Systems to Raise Minimum Pay Rate to $15 Per Hour ” (press release), October 9, 2020.

38. Michael Kransz, “ Michigan Health System with 8 Hospitals Increases Minimum Wage to $15 an Hour ,” MLive.com , October 19, 2020.

39. Betty Lin-Fisher, “ Akron Children’s Hospital to Raise Its Minimum Wage to $15 ,” Akron Beacon Journal , October 3, 2019.

40. Kelly Gooch, “ Ohio Children’s Hospital to Boost Minimum Pay for 3,000 Employees ,” Becker’s Hospital Review , October 3, 2019.

41. Michaela Ramm, “ Mercy Announces Minimum Wage Increase, General Pay ,” The Gazette , December 22, 2020.

42. North Kansas City Hospital, “ North Kansas City Hospital and Meritas Health Raise Minimum Base Wage ,” December 21, 2020.

43. LifeBridge Health, “ Lifebridge Health Raises Minimum Living Wage for Hospital Team Members to $15 an Hour ” (press release), Greater Baltimore Committee, January 8, 2021.

44. Amalgamated Bank, “ Fight for $15 ” (web page), accessed January 22, 2021.

45. Amanda Mull, “ Corporations’ Social Crusades Often Leave Out Workers ,” The Atlantic , June 28, 2019.

46. Wells Fargo, “ Wells Fargo to Raise Minimum Hourly Pay Levels in a Majority of Its U.S. Markets ” (news release), March 4, 2020.

47. Scott Souza, “ Franklin Savings Bank Raises Minimum Wage in NH To $15 ,” Patch (Merrimack, N.H.), October 31, 2019.

48. Tomi Kilgore, “ Facebook Raising Minimum Wage to $20 Per Hour for Bay Area, New York and D.C. ” MarketWatch , May 13, 2019.

49. Charter Communications, “ Charter Statement Regarding Plans to Permanently Raise Minimum Wage to $20/Per Hour over Next Two Years for All Hourly Employees ,” April 6, 2020.

50. David Cooper, Raising the Federal Minimum Wage to $15 by 2024 Would Lift Pay for Nearly 40 Million Workers , Economic Policy Institute, February 2019.

51. David Cooper, Raising the Federal Minimum Wage to $15 by 2024 Would Lift Pay for Nearly 40 Million Workers , Economic Policy Institute, February 2019.

52. David Cooper, Raising the Federal Minimum Wage to $15 by 2024 Would Lift Pay for Nearly 40 Million Workers , Economic Policy Institute, February 2019.

53. Paul J. Wolfson and Dale Belman, “ 15 Years of Research on U.S. Employment and the Minimum Wage ,” Tuck School of Business Working Paper no. 2705499, 2016.

54. Ellora Derenoncourt and Claire Montialoux, “ Minimum Wages and Racial Inequality ,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 136, no. 1 (February 2021).

55. Doruk Cengiz, Arindrajit Dube, Attila Lindner, and Ben Zipperer, “The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs: Evidence from the United States Using a Bunching Estimator,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, no. 9 (May 2019).

56. Arindrajit Dube, “ Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes ,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 11, no. 4 (October 2019); Kevin Rinz and John Voorheis, “ The Distributional Effects of Minimum Wages: Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data .” U.S. Census Bureau Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications Working Paper 2018-02, 2018.

57. George L. Wehby, Dhaval M. Dave, and Robert Kaestner, “Effects of the Minimum Wage on Infant Health,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 39, no. 2 (Spring 2020); Kerri M. Raissian and Lindsey Rose Bullinger, “Money Matters: Does the Minimum Wage Affect Child Maltreatment Rates?” Children and Youth Services Review 72 (January 2017); Lindsey Rose Bullinger, “The Effect of Minimum Wages on Adolescent Fertility: A Nationwide Analysis,” American Journal of Public Health , March 2017.

58. Peter Dorman and Lawrence Mishel, “ A Majority of Workers Are Fearful of Coronavirus Infections at Work, especially Black, Hispanic, and Low- and Middle-income Workers ,” Working Economics Blog (Economic Policy Institute), June 16, 2020.

59. Cristian Alonso, “ Beyond Labor Market Outcomes: The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Nondurable Consumption ,” Journal of Human Resources , forthcoming.

60. Ben Zipperer, “ Low-Wage Workers Will See Huge Gains from Minimum Wage Hike, CBO Finds ,” Working Economics Blog (Economic Policy Institute), July 9, 2019.

61. Ken Jacobs, Ian Eve Perry, and Jenifer MacGillvary, The Public Cost of a Low Federal Minimum Wage , University of California Berkeley, Labor Center, January 2021.

62. Ken Jacobs, Ian Eve Perry, and Jenifer MacGillvary, The Public Cost of a Low Federal Minimum Wage , University of California Berkeley, Labor Center, January 2021.

63. Ken Jacobs, Ian Eve Perry, and Jenifer MacGillvary, The Public Cost of a Low Federal Minimum Wage , University of California Berkeley, Labor Center, January 2021.

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Minimum Wage Argument Essay

Tamara Team

  • December 25, 2022

essay-guidelines-4

Should the Federal Minimum Wage Be Raised?

Introduction

The federal minimum wage today is $7.25, and it has not changed since 2009. Moreover, it is fair to say that it has not been keeping up with inflation and productivity since 1968. This statement may be daring, but it is not a false assumption considering the minimum wage back then was $1.60 per hour, equivalent to $11.76 in 2019 (Boschen, Grossman 12). Like every other topic involving the humankind, the issue of the minimum wage is considerably controversial. However, the fact that the federal minimum wage is not enough for a citizen to get by is undeniable.

Body Paragraphs

The minimum wage differs from state to state due to the inaction of the authorities’ activities on the issue. As mentioned above, the fact that the federal minimum wage remains unchanged since 2009 can be shown as an example of this passiveness. With that being said, almost half of the US population is paid by the federal wage, which is way below the poverty line when we look at the annual earning of an employee (Formby, John, et al., 2). So in a word, an employee who earns federal minimum wage does not earn enough for his/her essential needs unless there are other supporting circumstances.

Let us think about a 16-year-old teenager who lives with his parents. He is currently working part-time and will probably go to college or later just move on to a better-paying job. Earning the federal minimum wage is well enough for him to provide himself with basic necessities such as entertainment. Now let us imagine that this person is not living with his parents. In this case, it is not likely that he is able to spend his money freely or even if he is able to provide himself with his necessities, as in the first scenario, they are not going to be the products or services of the best quality. One way or the other, he will have to give up on something very simple he really wants in the end, for not being able to afford it.

There are many people who have two jobs, completing the shift at noon and working until late hours in another job. This alone is already a time and energy-consuming situation, but unfortunately for some people, this is an opportunity not everybody gets due to the work schedules. Especially for students, having two jobs is not even a matter of discussion when freelance jobs are excluded. This problem is a huge obstacle for employees who are not offered to work full-time even if they want to. So in most cases, unless provided a second income channel, getting by with only federal minimum wage is a difficult task.

Now that we have mentioned why the federal minimum wage is considered inadequate subtly underlining the importance of an increase in it, it is critical to be able to see the two sides of the coin. There may also be negative outcomes of increasing the minimum wage. The most prominent one among them is that if there was an increase in the federal minimum wage, it would result in a reduction in jobs (Neumark, David 36). In other words, if employers had to pay more to employees, they would hire fewer people to avoid the extra cost, which gives rise to an increase in unemployment. However, considering low incomes prevent people from spending more, increasing the federal minimum wages will result in lifting approximately 4.5 people out of poverty (Cooper) and subsequently boosting the overall economy. Not to mention that increased wages will also lead to an increasing demand for more jobs. Sadly this is a fact largely glossed over by the people and a risk the employers avoid taking.

A higher federal minimum wage is not only advantageous for employees but also for employers. To start with, instead of looking for better-paying jobs, employees will work in their workplaces longer because they will be satisfied with their working conditions. What is the employer’s gain from this? They will not have to hire new people and train each of them every time. They will already have experienced employees working with them.

We have mentioned that raising the minimum wage will help people to keep up with inflation and boost consumer spending directly contributing to the economy. With that in mind, since people will be earning more, they will be less reliant on the governmental safety nets. Moreover, with lower unemployment, there will be an increase in tax revenues. So the increase is not only beneficial for the employees but also for employers and workers.

Apart from all of these statements, there are other opinions on the federal minimum wage. For instance, some people think it should not exist at all, and instead, the free market should govern all the wages believing they will naturally rise because the companies will be competing with each other. Furthermore, there are already some companies that support higher federal wages. For instance, companies such as Costco Wholesale and IKEA pay more than the federal minimum wage to their employees. However, this is also somewhat controversial.

On the one hand, it allows companies to pay more encouraging their employees to work more eagerly and productively. However, on the other hand, it may result in employers taking advantage of people who are ready to work for anything to support them. It may also result in employers who ask for cheap workers from outside the country. So, in the end, the federal minimum wage may be a dream amount for many workers. So the question of having a federal minimum wage is better or not, is a whole another discussion topic.

Minimum Wage Argument Essay: Conclusion

In conclusion, there are both pros and cons of increasing the federal minimum wage. However, we cannot ignore the fact that the benefits of an increase would well outweigh the wrong sides of it. It is not only better for the workers but also for the employers and the government. And it is fair to conclude that it is a big step towards enhancing the wealth and wellbeing of society.

Boschen, John, and Herschel Grossman. “The Federal Minimum Wage, Inflation, and Employment.” 1981, doi:10.3386/w0652.

Cooper, David. “Raising the Minimum Wage to $12 by 2020 Would Lift Wages for 35 Million American Workers.” Economic Policy Institute, www.epi.org/publication/raising-the-minimum-wage-to-12-by-2020-would-lift-wages-for-35-million-american-workers/.

Formby, John P., et al. “Minimum Wages, Poverty And Welfare.” Research on Economic Inequality Studies on Economic Well-Being: Essays in the Honor of John P. Formby, pp. 1–35., doi:10.1016/s1049-2585(04)12001-2.

Neumark, David, and William L. Wascher. “The Effects of Minimum Wages on Employment.” Minimum Wages, 2008, pp. 36–106.

Pollin, Robert. “ECONOMIC PROSPECTS: Making the Federal Minimum Wage a Living Wage.” New Labor Forum, vol. 16, no. 2, 2007, pp. 103–107., doi:10.1080/10957960701279306.

Tamara Team

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Argumentative Essay On Support Raising The Minimum Wage

Type of paper: Argumentative Essay

Topic: Social Issues , Workplace , Marketing , Salary , Market , Taxes , Welfare , Poverty

Published: 03/31/2020

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Statement of the problem

The minimum wage is a controversy subject when it comes in receiving wages, as most workers will come to an agreement that, one can never be paid enough. Nevertheless, employers may cause problems with that declaration, believing that they pay greater than the amount entitled to the employees, hence creating a conflict between minimum wages.Arguments supporting raising the minimum wage In my opinion, I consider that it would be a good impression to increase the minimum wage. The motives behind this is because the cost of living has gone up to the level where individuals are not making adequate money to pay for their requirements anymore, hence causing ones nation's debt to remain at growing edge. The other reason why it is beneficial to raise the minimum wage is that, it would assist ones economy in the long-run by increasing consumer expenditure. As the minimum wage was to be increased, and then individuals would receive more money to the point where they are capable to meet for their necessities and have money to spare. This would cause to an upsurge in consumer expenditure, and would not just be helpful to businesses, but, to the economic growth in national and local economies. Increased minimum wage, addresses poverty and ways to fight it (Dube, Arindrajit, William and Michael 949). This propose that a rise in the minimum wage would help people considered as a part of the "near poor" category to move out of poverty completely and keep it very enduringly. I agree with this argument, and I believe that it would help individuals who are in poverty, and would not just be helpful to us as a person, but also to the state ''as well.'' Source-side politicians argue that, a minimum wage is bad for the economy because, it affectedly raises income levels and that ''in time,'' it is not good for business and will result to inflation and ineffective capital markets. Raising the minimum wage, would contribute in welfare form, and decrease the number of individuals on welfare (Osterman127). This is achieved by making wages high sufficient to inspire individuals to go to work, instead of staying on welfare. In addition, with more money to spend and more individuals in the job market, this would upsurge both gross national product sales, and a rise in taxes resulting from sales taxes. Though the anti-minimum wage clique argues that increasing the minimum wage would put more individuals out of work, a study conducted by interviewing restaurant owners about the effects of increasing minimum wages, clearly showed that no employments were lost. The research was conducted in New Jersey, where the government had increased minimum wage to the upper most level in the United States (Addison, McKinley and Chad 401). The research shows that what occurs is that individuals do not go out and start-firing workers subsequently due to minimum wages increase but they just adjust on how to deal with the issue. A negative in change sometime arises by decreasing the number of overall hours worked and motivating the employees to increase the extent of work output in the work performance. In general, the study showed that low minimum wages encourages more mothers on welfare to remain on welfare. The study also shows that, where minimum wages were lower, there were highest rates in individuals on welfare. In additional, argument for increasing minimum wages comes from the understanding that higher wages raises purchasing power (Shulman 150). Low wages lead to the failure of the nations to engross exports, resulting to the sale of good sat lesser prices in their market. Wage increase in developing nations is important for their welfare because of the current tendency in free trade. If wages are not elevated to escalate purchasing power, the issue of the inability to engross exports can worsen. This will cause the global competitive environment on low wages to act as a lasting brake on income growth in developing countries. This will then repudiate some exporter's consumer markets and development of income (Oysterman 135). The law of supply also indicates that a high price level will increase the quantity demanded. With a very little exclusion, this law prevails for all categories of the market, as well as the labor market. Therefore, increases in the minimum wage will enhance the number of individuals interested to join the labor force.Conclusion An upsurge in minimum wages should be encouraged internationally, since if workers in other nations are poor to purchase their products, then their employers will have no option but to export in expensively priced products to the advanced world. Increasing the minimum wage will help these employees to structure for lost ground due to inflation and will help to make work pay. As Ouster man indicated, most economists agree that increasing the minimum wage raises the incomes of low wage workers; hence, individuals are able to meet their required necessities. Therefore, minimum wage increase should be supported across the globe as it is of more benefits towards the employees and the economy of the nation at large.

Addison, John T., McKinley L. Blackburn, and Chad D. Cotti. "Do minimum wages raise employment? Evidence from the US retail-trade sector."Labor Economics 16.4 (2009): 397-408. Dube, Arindrajit, T. William Lester, and Michael Reich. "Minimum wage effects across state borders: Estimates using contiguous counties." The review of economics and statistics 92.4 (2010): 945-964. Oysterman, Paul. "Improving the quality of low-wage work: The current American experience." International Labor Review 147.2‐3 (2008): 115-134. Shulman, Beth. The betrayal of work: How low-wage jobs fail 30 million Americans and their families. The New Press, 2013.

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Should We Raise The Minimum Wage?

Cardiff Garcia

Stacey Vanek Smith

Should We Raise the Minimum Wage?

(Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)

Burr vs Hamilton. The Celtics vs the Lakers. Godzilla vs King Kong. To this list of famous rivalries you can now add: advocates of raising the minimum wage to 15 dollars an hour... versus opponents of raising it.

We have been watching economists duke it out on social media and in their papers, arguing for and against the idea. This is a topic where things can get heated, but it's also a really important and nuanced debate.

To show what's at stake, Stacey and Cardiff take sides on the minimum wage debate. Get ready for a fight over the minimum wage... with maximum rage!

Articles on Minimum Wage:

Characteristics of minimum wage workers (2019) , from the Bureau of Labor Statistics

How Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage Could Affect Employment and Family Income , from the Congressional Budget Office

Minimum Wages and Racial Inequality (paywall), by Ellora Derenoncourt and Claire Montialoux

Impacts of Minimum Wages: Review of the International Evidence , by Arindrajit Dube

City Limits: What do Local-Area Minimum Wages Do? , by Arindrajit Dube and Attila S. Linder

Racial Inequality and Minimum Wages in Frictional Labor Markets , by Jesse Wursten and Michael Reich

The Disparate Impact of a National $15 Minimum Wage , by Paul H. Kupiec

Myth or Measurement: What Does the New Minimum Wage Research Say about Minimum Wages and Job Loss in the United States? , by David Neumark and Peter Shirley

The Distributional Effects of Minimum Wages: Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data , by Kevin Rinz and John Voorheis

The Economic Impact of a High National Minimum Wage: Evidence from the 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act , by Martha J. Bailey, John DiNardo, and Bryan A. Stuart

History of Changes to the Minimum Wage Law , from the Department of Labor

Why $15 Minimum Wage is Pretty Safe , by Noah Smith

The Minimum Wage Pushback , by Noah Smith

Minimum Wage Tracker , from The Economic Policy Institute

$15 Minimum Wage Subverts Biden Recovery Plan (paywall), by Michael R. Strain

How Can Price Theory Help Us Navigate the Minimum Wage Debate? , by Brian Albrecht

Pay Is Rising Fastest for Low Earners. One Reason? Minimum Wages. , by Ernie Tedeschi

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Understanding the Minimum Wage

  • Pros of Raising
  • Cons of Raising

The Bottom Line

  • Macroeconomics

What Are the Pros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage?

J.B. Maverick is an active trader, commodity futures broker, and stock market analyst 17+ years of experience, in addition to 10+ years of experience as a finance writer and book editor.

argumentative essay about raising minimum wage

The minimum wage is the lowest hourly rate that an employer can pay an employee according to law. Many states have minimum wages in place. But the federal minimum wage hasn't increased since 2009, despite many attempts to do so. The discussion around increasing the minimum wage brings both pros and cons.

As of January 2024, Washington had the highest state minimum wage rate at $16.28 per hour. Washington, D.C. has the highest rate overall at $17.00 an hour.

There's also a federal minimum wage at $7.25 an hour. Employers must pay minimum wage employees whichever rate is higher, so if the federal rate is higher than the state rate, an employee gets the federal minimum wage. The same is true if the state rate is higher.

Minimum wage laws have been in effect in the United States since 1938 when the first federal rate was set at $0.25 per hour. Amendments were made to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) since then, increasing the base rate of pay for many hourly workers according to inflation.

Key Takeaways

  • Despite efforts to raise the minimum wage, no bill has successfully passed both chambers of Congress.
  • Proponents of raising minimum wages argue that changes are needed to help incomes keep pace with increasing costs of living, and a higher minimum wage will lift millions out of poverty.
  • Opponents of raising the minimum wage believe that higher wages could lead to inflation, make companies less competitive, and result in job losses.

As noted above, the term minimum wage refers to the legally established lowest amount that employers are required to pay their employees for their work. It serves as a baseline wage that is intended to ensure that workers receive fair compensation for their labor, covering basic living expenses and preventing the exploitation of low-wage workers.

The primary purpose of minimum wage is to provide workers with a level of income that allows them to meet their essential needs. It acts as a safeguard against extremely low wages and helps reduce poverty and income inequality within a society. By setting a minimum wage, governments aim to promote decent working conditions and provide a degree of economic security for workers.

National and sub-national government entities analyze several factors when considering whether to raise or maintain the current level of minimum wage. As the general increase in prices over time, inflation can erode purchasing power . Economic conditions such as the state of the economy may call for adjusted labor market dynamics. Social equity considerations may call for more livable wages. Regardless of the consideration, there are various reasons to support and detract from raising the minimum wage.

On Oct. 24, 1938, the first minimum hourly wage was put into effect. The wage rate was $0.25 per hour.

Pros of Raising the Minimum Wage

The primary argument advanced in favor of raising the minimum wage is that higher earnings would improve the overall standard of living for minimum wage workers by providing them with a more appropriate income level to handle the cost of living increases.

A 2022 study by the Congressional Budget Office analyzed the macroeconomic impact of the standard minimum wage reaching $15 per hour in 2027. The data reported that 10.9 million workers would be directly affected, while an additional 9.2 million workers would potentially be affected. The total directly or potentially affected workers by 2032 would surpass 23 million.

While some proponents of raising the minimum wage estimate that a much larger number of individuals and families will move out of poverty if they earn more money, a related potential benefit is a projected reduction in the need for federal and state government expenditures on financial aid for poor and low-income individuals.

Meanwhile, an intangible benefit that could translate into tangible benefits for both companies and employees is improved employee morale resulting from higher wages. Business owners frequently note the challenge of providing sufficient encouragement to spur workers to put maximum effort into their job duties, and that this is particularly problematic with low-wage workers who feel that their job efforts aren't keeping them out of poverty.

Increasing employee morale could easily translate into more tangible benefits, such as increased employee retention and reduced hiring and training costs. Employees who are more inclined to stay with a company longer could benefit from greater advancement and an overall reduction in job-related relocation expenses .

A boost to economic growth is another potential advantage of increasing the minimum wage, as consumer spending typically increases along with wages. A higher minimum wage would put more discretionary dollars in the pockets of millions of workers; money that would then flow to retailers and other businesses.

Lawmakers have tried to raise the federal minimum wage on many occasions. The U.S. House of Representatives passed an amended version of the Raise the Wage Act of 2019 in July of that year to gradually increase the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025. But the bill died in the Senate. President Joe Biden tried to increase the rate for federal contract workers to $15 per hour, but that motion was blocked by a U.S. district judge in September 2023.

Cons of Raising Minimum Wage

Among the disadvantages of increasing the minimum wage is the probable consequence of businesses increasing prices, thus fueling inflation .

Opponents argue that raising the minimum wage would likely result in wages and salaries increasing across the board, thereby substantially increasing operating expenses for companies that would then increase the prices of products and services to cover their increased labor costs.

Increased prices mean a general increase in the cost of living that could essentially negate any advantage gained by workers having more dollars in their pockets.

Though the current federal minimum wage in the U.S. is $7.25 per hour, 30 states and D.C. have approved higher minimum wages.

Another projected problem resulting from an increased minimum wage is that of potential job losses. Many economists and business executives who point out that labor is a major cost of doing business argue that businesses will be forced to cut jobs to maintain profitability.

The same 2022 study mentioned above by the Congressional Budget Office also analyzed how higher wages may result in the elimination of roles. By 2027, the CBO estimated that up to 1.6 million jobs would be lost. By 2032, this would increase to 1.9 million lost jobs.

One potentially negative impact that is less readily apparent is the possibility that a higher minimum wage would result in increased labor market competition for minimum wage jobs.

The net outcome of an increased minimum wage might be a large number of overqualified workers taking minimum wage positions that would ordinarily go to young or otherwise inexperienced workers. This could impede younger, less experienced entrants to the job market from obtaining work and gaining experience to move their careers forward.

How Does Minimum Wage Affect the Economy?

The impact of minimum wage on the economy is a complex issue. Supporters argue that increasing minimum wage can stimulate consumer spending and boost the overall economy by putting more money in the hands of low-wage workers. Critics, on the other hand, warn that higher labor costs might lead to job cuts, automation, and increased prices for goods and services.

Is Minimum Wage the Same for All Workers?

No, minimum wage laws often take into account different categories of workers. For example, there might be different minimum wage rates for adult workers, minors, or workers in specific industries. Tipped employees, like servers in restaurants, may also have a lower minimum wage due to the expectation of receiving tips .

Does Inflation Impact Minimum Wage?

Yes, inflation can erode the purchasing power of minimum wage over time. To address this, some governments index minimum wage to inflation rates. This means that the minimum wage is adjusted periodically to ensure that its real value remains relatively constant.

How Does Minimum Wage Affect Small Businesses?

The impact of minimum wage increases on small businesses can vary. Some small businesses might struggle to absorb the additional labor costs, potentially leading to layoffs or reduced hours. Others might adapt by increasing prices or finding operational efficiencies to mitigate the impact.

Do All Countries Have Minimum Wage Laws?

While minimum wage laws are prevalent in many countries, not all nations have implemented such legislation. The presence and level of minimum wage often depend on a country's economic structure, labor policies, and social priorities.

Raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour is a policy goal for many lawmakers. Increasing the minimum wage is expected to lift individuals out of poverty and improve work ethic, however, it also comes with many possible negative implications, such as inflation and a loss of jobs.

U.S. Department of Labor. " State Minimum Wage Laws ."

U.S. Department of Labor. " Minimum Wage ."

U.S. Department of Labor. " History of Federal Minimum Wage Rates Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938-2009 ."

Congressional Budget Office. " How Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage Could Affect Employment and Family Income ."

The Brookings Institution. " How Family Sustaining Jobs Can Power an Inclusive Recovery in America’s Regional Economies ."

Berkeley Political Review. " No More Lies: The Truth About Raising the Minimum Wage ."

U.S. Congress. " H.R. 582 - Raise the Wage Act ."

Reuters. " Biden's $15 minimum wage for federal contractors blocked by US judge ."

U.S. Department of Labor. " Consolidated Minimum Wage Table ."

Congressional Budget Office. " The Budgetary Effects of the Raise the Wage Act of 2021 ," Page 8.

U.S. Department of Labor. " Questions and Answers About the Minimum Wage ."

Pew Research Center. " The U.S. Differs From Most Other Countries in How it Sets Its Minimum Wage ."

argumentative essay about raising minimum wage

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The Minimum Wage Debate: Why America Needs a Raise

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Published: Mar 8, 2024

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Introduction, improving income of low-wage workers, addressing wage inequality, economic benefits.

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argumentative essay about raising minimum wage

Minimum Wage - Free Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

The concept of a minimum wage, a lower earnings limit set by law or regulation, has been a subject of extensive debate and analysis. Essays could delve into the historical evolution of minimum wage policies, the economic theories surrounding it, and the impact of minimum wage increases on employment, poverty, and income inequality. They might also discuss the differing views on minimum wage adjustments, exploring arguments from both supporters and opponents. Discussions could extend to the real-world examples of minimum wage implementations, comparing the outcomes in different regions or countries, and analyzing the broader implications of minimum wage policies on economic welfare and social equity. A substantial compilation of free essay instances related to Minimum Wage you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Why Minimum Wage should Increase

Across America, the ranks of the working poor are growing. Since 1938, when the minimum wage was first introduced (at a rate of $0.25 an hour), the federal minimum wage has increased 22 times. Twenty-one states have minimum wages at or below the federal minimum and various other states have minimum wages that are above $7.25 an hour, but still inadequate. Even though some states have higher minimum wage than others it still doesn't help the workers rise higher than […]

Minimum Wage should not be Raised

The minimum wage is currently $7.25 that had started in the year of 2009. Yet, some people still do not think it is enough. The minimum wage had started off as 25 cents per hour in the year of 1938. Many would say that is crazy, because how did they survive with only being paid a quarter hourly. Many things was much cheaper back in the them times (not all things), although people fail to realize that raising the minimum […]

Why do Different Workers Receive Different Wages?

The concept and wage structure are very diverse in countries around the world. Work is understood as salary. Salary is the price of labor power formed by an agreement between the employers and workers in accordance with the labor supply and demand relationship in the market economy. Employers pay workers according to employees' jobs. Wages are money that workers receive when they have completed a job, that job which is not prohibited by law. Wages are more directly linked to […]

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Should the Government Raise the Federal Minimum Wage?

The federal minimum wage was first introduced in 1938 during the Great Depression under President Franklin Roosevelt. Since its introduction, it has been changed several times by Congress. The minimum wage is the lowest wage employers can legally pay their employees. It was created to help Americans in poverty and consumer power purchasing. Lately, there has been a massive political debate on whether or not to raise the minimum wage. I believe that the minimum wage should be increased since […]

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How could Minimum Wage Increase Help the Poor

It has long been debated whether the minimum wage would be beneficial for the poor. The minimum wage should be increased to help people from working-class families. The cost of living is so high, especially in major cities such as New York, that it is nearly unbearable to raise a family on a minimum wage income. A single-family has to make ends meet to survive on a minimum wage job. Living expenses are just too outrageous to simply live on […]

The Negative Effects of Increasing Minimum Wage

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Child Labor Comes up

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Impacts of a Rise in Minimum Wages

Introduction The minimum wage has been, for a long time, a topic of discussion in almost all countries since it directly affects the lives of the citizens. There are arguments and counterarguments regarding the effects of the continuous rise of the minimum wages concerning the welfare of the people and the dynamics of the economy. In the U.S., low-income earners continue in the push for the rise of minimum wages. Throughout the years, due to the changes that have been […]

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Why Minimum Wage should be Increased?

Throughout time minimum wage has played a big role on the way Americans make money. It has helped many people provide for themselves and their family, but with the cost of living and the economy constantly increasing it is making it harder for those who depend on a minimum wage job to be able to take care of the responsibilities they have with the little of money they are making. With the economy and cost of living constantly increasing americans […]

The Effects of Minimum Wage

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To a certain extent, I agree that it is effective in reducing poverty because it will help some workers who really come from a poor background. But if only a small percentage of the poor will benefit from it and if it helps more people who are above the poverty line than those below it, then it is not a plausible approach. If the target is to reduce poverty, then there needs to be a better solution wherein most of […]

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I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Imagine this: You're a single parent working a full-time minimum wage job, or multiple minimum wage jobs, and still are living paycheck to paycheck if you make enough to even provide for your family. Would minimum wage rising make this better? Or would there be a domino effect of higher prices? B. Reason to Listen: Millions of people across the country are living paycheck to paycheck off of minimum wage. Everyone's first reaction to this […]

Main Causes why Minimum Wage should Increase

There are a lot of people around the world who struggle with money because of the minimum wage. Minimum wages have been one of the biggest topics around the United States. Minimum wage is the minimum hourly wage an employer pays an employee for work. Since 1938, when the minimum wage was first introduced at a rate of $0.25 an hour, the federal minimum wage has increased 22 times. In all 50 states of America, twenty-one states have minimum wages […]

Minimum Wage Increase and Employment and Job Opportunities

For many years now, people have been arguing over the minimum wage of $7.25. Some clam that it is too low and some even clam it is too high, but I have decided to do some research on the topic. In the book, Undocumented, Dan-el's mother was a college graduate from the Dominican Republic and was compensated as such. When she later traveled to the United States to give birth to her second son, she ended up staying in the […]

The History and Understanding of the Concept of a Minimum Wage

The concept of a minimum wage is self-explanatory: employees are guaranteed a pay rate that their employers cannot legally reduce. Today, minimum wage laws play a critical role in our economy; but this was not always the case. The first minimum wage laws were enacted in New Zealand in 1894 but did not come to the United States until 1938. The 1930s were defined by the Great Depression, an economic catastrophe that crippled the world, resulting in monumental levels of […]

The Advantages and Disadvantages to Living in a Big City or Small Town

There are many advantages and disadvantages to living in a big city or a small town. Both hold certain characteristics that make them special to different individuals. One person might prefer living in a city, with its fast-paced lifestyle, while another might prefer the quietness of a small town. The different views all boil down to a person's personality. Yet, the question remains: Is living in a big city or small town better? When comparing various factors such as academics, […]

Unemployment and Minimum Wage in the US

In the United States minimum wage is talked about more than any other countries. Minimum wage is the lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement such as one with a labor union. (dictionary.com) As of right now the minimum wage that is established by the government is $7.25, while here in Colorado the minimum wage is higher than most other states being $10.20 per hour. (State Minimum Wages) Raising the minimum wage in the United States is […]

Minimum Wage and its Impact

Minimum Wage and Its Impact: An Argument for Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage Since the Industrial Era, workers in North Carolina and across the US have fought for better working conditions, less hours, no child labor, and most importantly a wage that could support life in the United States. Throughout the years, many of the state and federal governments have passed legislation to increase the minimum wage, decrease working hours, and to prevent child labor. While some states make advances […]

Minimum Wage in the United States

On July 24, 2009 the federal government set the minimum wage throughout the United States at $7.25. Millions of middle and lower class families struggle to make financial ends meet. Meaning the wage isn't even enough for a family of two or three children. While the wages are low, it is also a burden to find employment in an economy that is struggling to keep afloat. Minimum wage is a way companies save money and create more jobs while doing […]

About Negative Effects on Minimum Wage

The amount of money a person is paid should be based on their skills and knowledge, not on what the government decides is fair. Raising the minimum wage does not make that worker more valuable to an organization, it only makes him more expensive. Much of the workforce feel like they are being paid unfairly and want to see their wages increase dramatically. This would cause the opposite effect of what they think would happen and will be a lot […]

Is Minimum Wage an Issue in America?

Minimum wage and it's issue in America has sparked a profusion and has affected millions of individuals for years. The set minimum wage for those of whom are in the United States is $7.25 a hour for workers (Doyle, 2018). The problem with minimum wage in America is that it causes a lot of poverty, causes individuals to work more than just one job. Minimum Wage also affects our youth in society. Minimum wage has been a consistent problem since […]

The Minimum Wage Must be Raised

Ellie Barraclough Mrs. Miles ENGL 201 16 Nov 2018 The Minimum Wage Must Be Raised As of July 2009, the federal minimum wage has been $7.25, which is far too low to make a living. The minimum wage must be increased for the betterment of our country. In 2016, 701,000 workers above 16 were paid the minimum wage (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Raising the minimum wage will have an increase in employment, a decrease in poverty, allow people to afford […]

Increasing Federal Minimum Wage

The magnitude of the impacts of federal minimum payments has been a typical topic of discussion for years. Economic policymakers and academic researchers base minimum wage discussions in the context of poverty and increasing the wages. However, critics argue that there are many adverse effects on small businesses and the general economy of the country. A rise in the nation payments will have impacts on the economy of the American states in which the increase in minimum wage law is […]

The Minimum Wage and Professional Experience

I think if we were to raise the minimum wage in the United States it would end up hurting out economy as a whole. There are many facts that show an increase in the minimum wage would hurt our economy. For example the minimum wage in California has gradually been increasing since 2006. The minimum wage in California is projected to hit $15 in 2022 which is concerning to the people that live there. Since the increase in minimum wage, […]

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How to write an essay about minimum wage, understanding the concept of minimum wage.

Before writing an essay about minimum wage, it’s crucial to thoroughly understand what it entails. Minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers. It’s a significant economic and political issue, with debates focusing on its impacts on poverty, employment, and economic growth. Begin your essay by defining minimum wage, including its history and the variations that exist in different countries or states. This foundation will set the stage for a more in-depth exploration of the topic in your essay.

Formulating a Thesis Statement

A strong essay on minimum wage requires a clear and focused thesis statement. Your thesis should present a specific viewpoint or argument about the minimum wage. For example, you might argue that raising the minimum wage is essential for reducing poverty, or conversely, that it could lead to higher unemployment rates. Your thesis will guide the direction of your essay, providing a clear path for your argument and ensuring that your essay remains focused and coherent.

Gathering and Analyzing Data

To support your thesis, gather relevant data and research from credible sources. This might include economic studies, government reports, and expert opinions. For instance, if you’re arguing that increasing the minimum wage boosts the economy, you’ll need to find economic data that supports this claim. Analyze this data critically, considering different perspectives and the quality of the evidence. Including a range of viewpoints will strengthen your argument and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Discussing the Impact of Minimum Wage

Dedicate a section of your essay to discussing the various impacts of the minimum wage. This could include its effect on poverty, employment, small businesses, and the overall economy. Discuss both the potential benefits and drawbacks, and relate these back to your thesis statement. For instance, explore how a higher minimum wage might lead to increased consumer spending but could also result in higher operating costs for small businesses.

Concluding Thoughts

Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points of your argument and restating your thesis in light of the evidence and discussion provided. Your conclusion should bring together your analysis and offer a final perspective on the topic. This is also an opportunity to highlight any areas where further research is needed or to suggest potential policy implications based on your findings.

Final Review and Editing

After completing your essay, it’s essential to review and edit your work. Ensure that your arguments are clearly articulated and supported by evidence. Check for grammatical accuracy and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Consider seeking feedback from peers or instructors to refine your essay further. A well-crafted essay will effectively convey your insights on the minimum wage and demonstrate your ability to engage with complex economic and social issues.

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Reasons Why Minimum Wage Should Be Raised Essay: Benefits for Workers, Society, and The Economy

The minimum wage controversy has been among the most discussed and argued issues for many years. Those in favor of raising the minimum wage argue that the increased income would enable low-wage workers to better their lives, reduce poverty and income disparity, as well as bring an economic boost. On the contrary, many opponents of raising the minimum wage contend that it will cause job losses and lead to higher prices.

This essay, written by a custom essay company , can help you understand the topic. By examining the evidence and arguments from both sides of the debate, we can gain a better understanding of the potential impact of raising the minimum wage and make informed decisions about public policy in this area.

My Thoughts on Should Minimum Wage Be Raised Essay

The minimum wage has long been a contentious issue in the United States, with opinions divided on whether it should be increased or left at its current level. Those in favor of increasing the minimum wage argue that it would help to alleviate poverty, reduce income inequality, and stimulate economic growth. However, opponents of a minimum wage hike suggest that it could lead to job losses, inflation, and reduced economic competitiveness.

Nevertheless, by considering the potential benefits and drawbacks of increasing the minimum wage, I would like to to provide a comprehensive analysis of this complex issue and help readers come to an informed opinion.

Reduction of Poverty and Inequality

One of the most compelling reasons for raising minimum wage is the reduction of poverty and inequality. According to the Economic Policy Institute, raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour could lift 1.3 million workers out of poverty and reduce income inequality. This is because low-wage workers, who are often from marginalized communities, rely on minimum wage jobs to support themselves and their families. By increasing the minimum wage, their income would increase, allowing them to meet their basic needs, such as food, housing, and healthcare.

Boost in Consumer Purchasing Power

Increasing the minimum wage would also lead to a boost in consumer purchasing power. When low-wage workers earn more, they are more likely to spend more, which would stimulate the economy. For instance, a report by the National Employment Law Project estimated that raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour would generate an additional $118 billion in economic activity over a five-year period.

Improved Health Outcomes

Low-wage workers often cannot afford basic healthcare services, which can lead to serious health consequences. By raising the minimum wage, workers would have access to better healthcare services, which would lead to improved health outcomes. This is because when low-wage workers have better health, they are more productive, which benefits both the employer and the employee.

Reduced Reliance on Social Services

Low-wage workers often rely on social services such as food stamps, housing subsidies, and Medicaid to make ends meet. By raising the minimum wage, workers would be able to earn enough to support themselves and their families without having to rely on social services. This would reduce the burden on taxpayers and enable the government to allocate resources to other areas of need.

Encourages Workforce Productivity and Loyalty

By paying workers a fair wage, they are more likely to be productive and loyal to their employer. This is because they feel valued and appreciated, which leads to higher job satisfaction and engagement. Additionally, when workers are paid a fair wage, they are less likely to leave their jobs, which can reduce the costs associated with hiring and training new employees.

While there are differing opinions on the impact of raising the minimum wage, there is evidence to support the many benefits that come with increasing it. Raising the minimum wage can help to reduce poverty and income inequality, boost consumer purchasing power, improve health outcomes, and reduce reliance on social services.

Furthermore, paying workers a fair wage can lead to increased productivity, loyalty, and job satisfaction. While there may be some initial costs associated with raising the minimum wage, the long-term benefits can outweigh them. As society moves forward, it is important to consider the potential impact of increasing the minimum wage and work towards a more equitable and just society where all workers are paid a fair wage for their labor.

Through thoughtful policy-making and continued advocacy, we can ensure that the benefits of raising the minimum wage are realized for workers, society, and the economy as a whole.

Tips on Writing Why Should Minimum Wage Be Raised Essay

The issue of minimum wage has become a hotly debated topic in recent years, with advocates calling for an increase in the minimum wage to address issues of poverty and inequality. If you are passionate about this topic and want to share your views, writing an essay on why minimum wage should be raised can be a great way to do so. However, to make your essay stand out, it’s important to approach it with a clear and well-structured argument. Here are some tips on how to write an excellent essay on why minimum wage should be raised, so you can effectively convey your ideas and contribute to the ongoing discussion around this important issue.

Research the Topic

Before you start writing a raising minimum wage essay, it is important to research the topic and gather as much information as possible. This will help you to understand the various arguments and counter-arguments related to the minimum wage. Use reputable sources, such as academic journals, government reports, and news articles, to gather information.

Develop a Strong Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is the backbone of your essays on raising minimum wage and sets the tone for the rest of your writing. Make sure your thesis statement is clear, concise, and reflects your stance on the topic. A strong thesis statement might read: “Raising the minimum wage is necessary to reduce poverty and inequality, boost the economy, and provide workers with a fair living wage.”

Support Your Argument with Evidence

To write an opinion article , you need to support your claims with evidence. Use statistics, data, and examples to illustrate your points and provide evidence for your claims. For example, you might use data to show that raising the minimum wage has led to increased consumer spending in other countries, or you might cite research that shows how low wages can lead to poor health outcomes.

Address Counter-Arguments

When writing about a contentious topic like the minimum wage, it is important to address counter-arguments. Acknowledge the other side’s point of view and provide evidence to counter their claims. This will help you to build a more persuasive argument and show that you have considered all sides of the issue.

Use Clear and Concise Language

Your essay should be easy to read and understand. Use clear and concise language to communicate your ideas effectively. Avoid using jargon or technical language that might confuse your reader. Make sure to proofread your work carefully to catch any spelling or grammar errors that could detract from your argument.

By following these tips, you can develop a compelling argument that supports your position and addresses counter-arguments.

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argumentative essay about raising minimum wage

The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased to Help Low-Income Earners Get Out of Poverty

The minimum wage essay introduction.

The concept of the minimum wage has sparked a major debate among economists and politicians in the United States of America. After recovering from the major recession that rocked the United States, the economy has still been on its knees for more than five years. It has made a serious impact on the main investors. However, the most significant influence has been on workers and families that have continuously survived on the minimum wage. This wage has been noted to be the same many decades after the end of the World War and has not gotten a review despite the standards of living going up. However, as many people that rely on the minimum wage continue to suffer the effects of the rising standards of living on a low wage, the corporate class has continued to gain large profits. The essay about minimum wage raising will analyze the pros and cons of wage increase both for politics and the economy of the USA.

The Minimum Wage Essay Body Paragraphs

It is very disturbing that the number of individuals that rely on the minimum wage is fast rising. The value of the minimum wage has lost its value more than tenfold since it was last reviewed. This has caused panic among most economists who describe this as a sign of an ailing economy. There have always been stereotypes among those who earn low wages, especially in an era that most individuals have had to acquire white-collar jobs.

The past studies have increasingly shown that the minimum wage earners are now composed majorly of teenagers. However, this has recently changed to the extent that half of the minimum wage earning population is composed of young adults that are about 25 years old.

Government intervention in such an issue is predictable. The expected response would be to raise the minimum wage. To a layman, this would make sense. However, to an economist and a keen observer, the idea of having the minimum wage raised is complex and raises a lot of questions concerning its viability on whether it does anything to improve the economy. The raising of the minimum wage is expected to up the living standards of the poor and those that rely on the minimum wage for living. However, it has recently been projected that raising the minimum wage by 10 dollars would do nothing on most payrolls and would translate to a very insignificant improvement in the economy.

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Beyond the political and economist platforms, the question of the minimum wage is almost not debatable. Opinion polls have shown that up to 70% of Americans have shown unanimous support for the increment on the minimum wage. It is despite scholars arguing that it negates the principle of hard work among the citizens.

Taxpayers in the United States have contributed dramatic amounts of money in aid of poor families in the country. It has raised numerous questions as to whether this move is necessary with some people arguing that there was a need to wipe the misled notion of trying to find fairness in society. The campaign on fairness has seriously undermined the significance of hard work. Despite some political movements advocating for this, most people have been opposed to this concept claiming that the work is not charity rather something that should be defined by hard work.

The wrong notion instilled among the masses on the question of increasing the minimum wage is said to be a political weapon. It is more likely to be used by the Democrats who have greatly advocated for the rise in the minimum wage. It has often moved the masses who have championed the notion of increasing the minimum wage. However, experts have noted that despite this being a possible cause of a swing vote, the phenomenon will be bad for the economy.

When analyzed from a different perspective, however, one could see the need for the increment of the minimum wage. Other factors held constant, the current minimum wage translates to a pay cut when compared to the wage after World War II. It, in part, justifies the call for the hike in the minimum wage, since economists have argued that this has created an increasing an economic difference between those who earn peanuts and tycoons that run the economy.

Analysts have stated that there is no natural law that defines the minimum wage. The way it is set depends purely on public policy and political decisions. Keeping with this notion, in past decades, the minimum wage earners worked to keep pace with the rising living standards. However, the recent calls for a hike in the minimum wage have been described as a scheme to discourage hard work. It is clear that if the minimum wage is increased for any reason, be it political and economics, the cost of hiring employees will increase. It would mean that the employers will have to lay off some workers while reducing the number of employees they hire per year. It would translate to a situation whereby a significant number of minimum wage earners would miss out on employment (Dickens, 2014). The consequences of this move are complex. But to the working citizen, it would be irrational not to consider a minimum wage hike.

The government’s consideration for tax subsidies for the low income earning population, despite being welcomed by the masses, has introduced an interesting yet complex concept. Studies of Walmart have shown that this has created profits for large organizations and profitable businesses that have explored this advantage.

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American taxpayers have continued to pay a lot of money to welfare organizations that seek to cushion low-income earners amounting to up to 60 billion dollars. This move raises the low-income earners out of the poverty line. However, it creates easy money for many corporate organizations that seek to exploit this money. It is because with the welfare funds the corporate businesses have now found cash flow among the minimum wage earners.

Experts who opposed the hike in the minimum wage have for a long time argued that the rise in the minimum wage will cost jobs for the individuals that tend to need them the most. The hiking of the minimum wage despite negating the value of hard work will make it difficult for large organizations to hire employees as noted earlier in this essay about minimum wage raising.

The Minimum Wage Essay Conclusion

Such arguments have been a source of major debates recently as people continue to fight against a collapsing economy faced with inflation. Perhaps, the economy of the minimum wage has been one of the most thorough yet not exhaustively researched concepts. Scholars have gone to the extent of studying two different countries that share borders. They have keenly observed the results after one of the nations boosts the minimum wage and the other does not. The conclusion has always been that the hike has minimal if any effect on employment. The concept of the hike for the minimum wage is complex.

A phenomenon has created politics of the day, with many politicians getting the ticket to the White House due to their support for the hike for the minimum wage. The masses have continually supported this move since it directly impacts them. However, only a few of them have considered the effect of this hike to the field of employment and to the job market. A minimum wage raise could be good for the welfare of the poor communities. However, the proponents of this concept perhaps need to take a keen look at economics and its basics to understand the effect on the economy and on the job market.

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Raising The Minimum Wage

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  • Topic: Amazon , Minimum Wage , Small Business

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